A Deterritorialized History: Investigating German Colonialism ...

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German colonial history has been a rather orthodox history, with little research outside of political and economic realms. Recently more variegated studies of the legal, sexual, racial, social and cultural elements of colonialism have appeared. Some examples of this are the works of Jürgen Zimmerer, Sara Friedrichsmeyer, Sara Lennox and Susanne Zantop who see German colonialism in terms of imaginaries. 33 Their conceptions depict how Germans constructed utopian ideas about the expansion that clashed with realities. Similarly, Birthe Kundrus stresses the fantasies underpinning German colonialism. 34 Kundrus identifies whimsical visions of colonialism that guided the multiple German responses to their colonial possessions. Finally, Marianne Bechhaus-Gerst and Reinhard Klein-Arendt portray German colonialism as determined by changing encounters between Africans and Germans. 35 In many social and cultural realms, they see reciprocal influence as important to the nature of colonialism. This application of Deleuze and Guattari reveals new perspectives within the German colonial conquest of Africa by combining facets of the older research with these recent approaches to the topic. This study focuses upon an admittedly specific history, yet hopes that it offers some wider conclusions. The inquiry begins with the ideas of Deleuze and Guattari in the first chapter. Through analysis of the social and cultural relations of German colonialism in the second and the excavation of economic then political facets in the third chapter so as to reveal the connections of colonialism separate from government policy, more sophisticated conceptions of the dynamics of power within colonialism will be developed. But before this examination can begin, the context must be elaborated to aid comprehension of German colonial expansion. 10
The German Setting The growth of Germany’s colonies must be viewed in relation to contemporary German history. Germany came to strength in Europe through wars with Denmark, Austria and France, finally leading to unification in 1871. The unification of the German states was brought about largely through the diplomacy and the power politics of “blood and iron” championed by Chancellor Bismarck. 36 Strategically, the new European nation was the epitome of Mitteleuropa vulnerability, hemmed in by the French and Russian powers on both sides. Politically, Germany was ruled by the autocratic Kaiser and his Chancellor. Although Germany possessed an elected Reichstag and universal male suffrage, the governing elites maintained considerable independence of action. Beneath the Kaiser, a leadership cadre of aristocrats occupied the crucial seats of power. 37 Under Kaiser Wilhelm I, the stoutly conservative Bismarck worked to restrain the press, outlaw socialist organizations and repress Catholics through his quasi-autocratic power. With the accession of Kaiser Wilhelm II to the throne in 1888, Bismarck’s power declined until he was finally removed from office in 1890. In contrast to Bismarck’s term, domestic and foreign policy under Wilhelm II proceeded along a much more random and inchoate path. 38 Ruling above a succession of weak Chancellors in a society simultaneously traditionalist and modernizing, Wilhelm II also was both more liberal and much more inconsistent than Bismarck. Germany was subject to these tensions because of modernizing impulses in economics and politics. In economic matters, Germany was developing into the industrial power-house of Europe as traditional agriculture fuelled the growth of heavy industry. The newly-centralized state also fostered the expansion of German 11
Page 1 and 2: A Deterritorialized History: Invest
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents Abstract.........
Page 5 and 6: Introduction In the late nineteenth
Page 7 and 8: colonialism. Ronald Robinson and Jo
Page 9 and 10: A frequent argument in the thesis o
Page 11 and 12: carried further by another. Similar
Page 13: etween German and African societies
Page 17 and 18: that the colonial expansion was not
Page 19 and 20: In 1883 the economic motives for co
Page 21 and 22: European competitors’ exclusionar
Page 23 and 24: interest in 1888 in acquiring a col
Page 25 and 26: 1908. There were also plans to conn
Page 27 and 28: limited to abstract academic invest
Page 29 and 30: where change is performed upon an e
Page 31 and 32: implies a deterritorialization of p
Page 33 and 34: extension of deterritorialization t
Page 35 and 36: eciprocal reterritorialization mean
Page 37 and 38: Deterritorialization rejects focus
Page 39 and 40: historiography has traditionally re
Page 41 and 42: problems of colonial history, but a
Page 43 and 44: epresented a vital dynamic within G
Page 45 and 46: of economic, social and political i
Page 47 and 48: There was great potential for socie
Page 49 and 50: Frauenbund were vehemently opposed
Page 51 and 52: medicine, social organization and m
Page 53 and 54: y the K-A, the Admiralität, and th
Page 55 and 56: society actually facilitated treati
Page 57 and 58: But the Pan-Germans’ relationship
Page 59 and 60: Nonetheless, not all German papers
Page 61 and 62: discourses surrounding cultural art
Page 63 and 64: the civilization of the Germans wit
Page 65 and 66:
Through such cultural deterritorial
Page 67 and 68:
claim to further African territory,
Page 69 and 70:
Foucauldian collection of knowledge
Page 71 and 72:
establishment of boundaries and tri
Page 73 and 74:
Chapter 3 The social and cultural e
Page 75 and 76:
profits. The expansion of colonial
Page 77 and 78:
Yet, while there was much associati
Page 79 and 80:
the colonies in a new manner, since
Page 81 and 82:
security that in turn motivated som
Page 83 and 84:
In addition to territorial disenfra
Page 85 and 86:
capital does not only reterritorial
Page 87 and 88:
the state’s assumption of soverei
Page 89 and 90:
the RKA bureaucracy and the local a
Page 91 and 92:
settlers, administrators and soldie
Page 93 and 94:
dominated by memories of war and hy
Page 95 and 96:
German popular desires were intrins
Page 97 and 98:
colonial policy and declared that t
Page 99 and 100:
German colonial imposition. But aft
Page 101 and 102:
policy. 98 However this still does
Page 103 and 104:
commercial rights for German compan
Page 105 and 106:
101 Though law played an important
Page 107 and 108:
appeals to the Reichstag usually fo
Page 109 and 110:
Conclusion 105 This study has focus
Page 111 and 112:
Lastly, Deleuze and Guattari’s pa
Page 113 and 114:
colonialism is impossibly simplisti
Page 115 and 116:
Deterritorialization helps the hist
Page 117 and 118:
113 Much like the new images of col
Page 119 and 120:
9 D.C.M. Platt, “The Imperialism
Page 121 and 122:
A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and
Page 123 and 124:
56 H. Pogge von Strandmann and Eric
Page 125 and 126:
11 The phrase “perpetual displace
Page 127 and 128:
the notions of labour and independe
Page 129 and 130:
56 Sartre, xiii. 57 Deleuze, Empiri
Page 131 and 132:
Chapter Two 1 Stoecker, 155. Taylor
Page 133 and 134:
Bülow’s Colonial Writings,” in
Page 135 and 136:
46 This is poignantly evidenced in
Page 137 and 138:
70 Ulrich van der Heyden, “Afrika
Page 139 and 140:
94 R1001 8 Deutsch-Ostafrika. 8.9 E
Page 141 and 142:
6 In fact, the Southwest African co
Page 143 and 144:
23 R1001 8 Deutsch-Ostafrika. 8.12
Page 145 and 146:
49 R1001 1 Allgemeine Angelegenheit
Page 147 and 148:
68 Heyden and Zeller, 74. 69 Grosse
Page 149 and 150:
promised death for all Herero found
Page 151 and 152:
111 R1001 1 Allgemeine Angelegenhei
Page 153 and 154:
Herero and Nama wars were similarly
Page 155 and 156:
AA Auswärtiges Amt Appendix Guide
Page 157 and 158:
Periodicals Beiträge zur Kolonialp
Page 159 and 160:
Behnen, Michael. ed. Quellen zur De
Page 161 and 162:
Epstein, Klaus. “Erzberger and th
Page 163 and 164:
Holland, Eugene W. “’Deterritor
Page 165 and 166:
Mongia, Padmini. ed. Contemporary P
Page 167 and 168:
1907-1915.” The International Jou
Page 169 and 170:
Thomas, Nicholas. Colonialism’s C
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