ORNL-1816 - the Molten Salt Energy Technologies Web Site
ORNL-1816 - the Molten Salt Energy Technologies Web Site ORNL-1816 - the Molten Salt Energy Technologies Web Site
AN P QUARTERLY PROGRESS R €PO RT to cause oxidation of the hydrogen from the NaOH- Ni reaction to water. Addition of 2 mole % Na20 also resulted in oxidation of the hydrogen to water. At 8OOOC the pressure with this addition was found to be only 33 mm, while the hydrogen pressure of the NaOH-Ni system was 126 mm at this temperature. A 2 mole % addition of an equimolar mixture of Na20 and NiO to NaOH gave a pressure of 33 mm at 800OC. Evidence indicates that a substantial fraction of this pressure is due to water vapor. FUNDAMENTAL CHEMISTRY OF FUSED SALTS Solubility of Xenon in Fused Salts R. F. Newton esearch Director’s Department e t tive values for the solubility of X in the NaF-KF-LiF eutectic and in the eutectic were reported,24 experi- ments have shown that leakage of xenon through the frozen seal was possible. To minimize this possibility the apparatus was redesigned to have at least 10 cm of liquid above the frozen section on the xenon side and to be about 6 cm long. The new design also permits returning the fused salt by adjusting the pressure difference and melting the frozen seal. While the metallic apparatus for use with the fluoride eutectic was being rebuilt, the KN0,- NaNO, eutectic was reinvestigated in a glass apparatus that incorporated the new design features described above. The nitrate mixture can be used without significant decomposition up to about 450OC; in 6 hr, at temperature,about 0.01% of the nitrate was decomposed at 41OOC and about 0.3% was decomposed at 500OC. With the new apparatus, values of 8 x and 9.3 x 10-8 mole of xenon per milliliter of melt at 260°C and 8.9 x and 9.6 x at 45OOC were obtained. These values are essentially in agreement with the previous ones, namely 8.5 x at 28OOC and 10 x lo-* at 360OC. The change in solubility with temperature appears ay Diffraction Studies in Salt Systems P. A. Agron M. A. Bredig Chemistry Division MF-XF, Binary Systems. The renewed interest in the binary systems of alkali fluorides with uranium trifluorides was emphasized this past quarter. In studying these systems, difficulties arise from partial oxidation of U(III) to U(IV) and/or through disproportionation of the uranium in solution in the molten alkali fluorides. It thus appeared to be worth while first to obtain un- equivocal x-ray data on the corresponding binary fluoride complexes of some of the “4f rare earth” especially of lanthanum, which may be considered as a good “stand-in” for U(III). Zachariasen reported2‘ several trifluorides of the “5f rare earth” group as having the same “tysonite” structure as those of the “4f” group, previously determined by Oftedc11.~~ For the trifluorides, the average La-F and U-F distances are given as 2.50 and 2.56 A, respectively. The lattice di- mensions of these hexagonal cells differ by only 0.05%. Thus it is not surprising to discover in samples prepared here2* that the structure of the double fluorides25 of NaLaF, and KLaF, had their counterpart in analogous NaUF4 and KUF, structures. According to Derg~nov,~ in MF-LaF3 systems all alkali fluorides, with the possible exception of CsF, form 1:l compounds, and only CsF forms a 3:1, Cs,LaF,, congruently melting compound. These data were obtained by visual observation of crystallization from melts. Compounds below the eutectic that are stable and polymorphous transitions would not have been discerned. In the present work, fused mixtures of the binary systems MF-LaF, (except 3NaF-LaF3 and LiF mixtures) of the molar compositions 3:l and 1:l were made available from thermal-halt measurements. 29 X-ray diffractometer patterns were obtained on these melts, The phases found in the NaF and KF systems are indicated in Table 5.7 and are the phases expected for these binary compositions. Excellent agreement is shown for the 24R. F. Newton and D. G. Hill, ANP Quar. Prog. Rep. Sept. IO. 1954, ORNL-1771, p 70. 25W. H. Zachariasen, Acta Cryst. 1, 265 (1948); J. Am. Chem. SOC. 70, 2147 (1948). 26W. H. Zachariasen, Fluorides of Uranium and Thorium with the LaF Type of Structure, MDDC-1 153 (date 3 of manuscript, June 1946; date of declassification, July 18, 1947). 271. Oftedal, 2. psysik. Chem. 5B, 272-291 (1929). 28V. S. Coleman, W. C. Whitley, and C. J. Barton, Materia Is Chemistry D ivis ion. 29L. M. Bratcher and C. J. Barton, Materials Chemistry D i vis ion. i - 5 - s z = L
TABLE 5.7. PHASES FOUND IN MF-LaF, BINARY MIXTURES PERIOD ENDING DECEMBER 10, 1954 Sample Number Ma I or Composition Structure Type Hexagonal Latcfice Dimensions (A) 0 bserved Reported31 LMB-108 - 109 -110 -107 -131 1NaF-lLaF3 3KF-1LaF3 3K F- 1L aF3 lKF-1LaF3 1 K F- 1 La Fg P2-NaL aF4 Pl-KLaF4 (and unknown phase) One phase, predominantly (same as unknown above) *Za~hariasen;~’ the quantity given is the number of molecules per unit cell. a = 6.17 c = 3.82 a = 6.52 c = 3.79 a = 6.52 c = 3.79 a = 6.52 c = 3.79 a = 6.167 c = 3.819 a = 6.524 c = 3.791 a = 6.524 c = 3.791 a = 6.524 c = 3.791 lattice constants able 5.7). The expected yi ed the data shown in Table 5.8. The in- complex phase is found in the NaF-LaF, system. terpretation was aided greatly by comparing these The x-ray analysis of the KF-LaF, fusion (Table diffraction patterns with the corresponding LaF, 5.7, sample LMB-107) indicates the presence of salts. The Greek letter assignment is adopted to pl-KLaF, and an unknown second phase. A correspond with the lanthanum compounds 13s given second fusion at this composition (sample LMB- by Zachariasen. 131), with an imposed slower rate of cooling, gives The ternary salt mixture 1 KF-1 NaF-2 UF, predominantly a single phase which corresponds gives the phase P2 c(K,Na)UF,. Here the ordering to the unknown structure found in the previous requires a doubling of the c axis observed in the preparation. For the 3KF-LaF3 composition, only P2-phase of the binary salt. The extent of the this melt indicates that the lized by the greater concen- Rep. Se t. 10, 1952, ORNL-1375, p 79; V. S. Coleman, w. C. Wiitley, and C. J. Barton, ANP Quar. Prog. Rep. Dec. 10, 1952, ORNL-1439, p 109. 33DetaiIs of this work will be published in separate reports and articles by the Chemistry Division. Z* 3 4 % !2 3 73
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TABLE 5.7. PHASES FOUND IN MF-LaF, BINARY MIXTURES<br />
PERIOD ENDING DECEMBER 10, 1954<br />
Sample<br />
Number<br />
Ma I or<br />
Composition<br />
Structure Type<br />
Hexagonal Latcfice<br />
Dimensions (A)<br />
0 bserved Reported31<br />
LMB-108<br />
- 109<br />
-110<br />
-107<br />
-131<br />
1NaF-lLaF3<br />
3KF-1LaF3<br />
3K F- 1L aF3<br />
lKF-1LaF3<br />
1 K F- 1 La Fg<br />
P2-NaL aF4<br />
Pl-KLaF4 (and unknown<br />
phase)<br />
One phase, predominantly<br />
(same as unknown above)<br />
*Za~hariasen;~’ <strong>the</strong> quantity given is <strong>the</strong> number of molecules per unit cell.<br />
a = 6.17<br />
c = 3.82<br />
a = 6.52<br />
c = 3.79<br />
a = 6.52<br />
c = 3.79<br />
a = 6.52<br />
c = 3.79<br />
a = 6.167<br />
c = 3.819<br />
a = 6.524<br />
c = 3.791<br />
a = 6.524<br />
c = 3.791<br />
a = 6.524<br />
c = 3.791<br />
lattice constants able 5.7). The expected yi ed <strong>the</strong> data shown in Table 5.8. The in-<br />
complex phase is found in <strong>the</strong> NaF-LaF, system. terpretation was aided greatly by comparing <strong>the</strong>se<br />
The x-ray analysis of <strong>the</strong> KF-LaF, fusion (Table diffraction patterns with <strong>the</strong> corresponding LaF,<br />
5.7, sample LMB-107) indicates <strong>the</strong> presence of salts. The Greek letter assignment is adopted to<br />
pl-KLaF, and an unknown second phase. A correspond with <strong>the</strong> lanthanum compounds 13s given<br />
second fusion at this composition (sample LMB- by Zachariasen.<br />
131), with an imposed slower rate of cooling, gives The ternary salt mixture 1 KF-1 NaF-2 UF,<br />
predominantly a single phase which corresponds gives <strong>the</strong> phase P2 c(K,Na)UF,. Here <strong>the</strong> ordering<br />
to <strong>the</strong> unknown structure found in <strong>the</strong> previous requires a doubling of <strong>the</strong> c axis observed in <strong>the</strong><br />
preparation. For <strong>the</strong> 3KF-LaF3 composition, only P2-phase of <strong>the</strong> binary salt. The extent of <strong>the</strong><br />
this melt indicates that <strong>the</strong><br />
lized by <strong>the</strong> greater concen-<br />
Rep. Se t. 10, 1952, <strong>ORNL</strong>-1375, p 79; V. S. Coleman,<br />
w. C. Wiitley, and C. J. Barton, ANP Quar. Prog. Rep.<br />
Dec. 10, 1952, <strong>ORNL</strong>-1439, p 109.<br />
33DetaiIs of this work will be published in separate<br />
reports and articles by <strong>the</strong> Chemistry Division.<br />
Z*<br />
3<br />
4<br />
%<br />
!2<br />
3<br />
73
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