INA138 INA168 High-Side Measurement CURRENT SHUNT ...

SBOS122
FEATURES
®
For most current data sheet and other product
information, visit www.burr-brown.com
High-Side Measurement
CURRENT SHUNT MONITOR
● COMPLETE UNIPOLAR HIGH-SIDE
CURRENT MEASUREMENT CIRCUIT
● WIDE SUPPLY AND COMMON-MODE
RANGE
● INA138: 2.7V to 36V
● INA168: 2.7V to 60V
● INDEPENDENT SUPPLY AND INPUT
COMMON-MODE VOLTAGES
● SINGLE RESISTOR GAIN SET
● LOW QUIESCENT CURRENT (25μA typ)
● SOT23-5 PACKAGE
APPLICATIONS
● CURRENT SHUNT MEASUREMENT:
Automotive, Telephone, Computers
● PORTABLE & BATTERY-BACKUP
SYSTEMS
● BATTERY CHARGERS
● POWER MANAGEMENT
● CELL PHONES
● PRECISION CURRENT SOURCE
V IN+
Up To 60V
V+
5
V IN+
R S
3 4
GND
2
V IN–
5kΩ 5kΩ
DESCRIPTION
INA138
INA168
The INA138 and INA168 are high-side, unipolar,
current shunt monitors. Wide input common-mode
voltage range, low quiescent current, and tiny SOT23
packaging enable use in a variety of applications.
Input common-mode and power-supply voltages are
independent and can range from 2.7V to 36V for the
INA138 and 2.7V to 60V for the INA168. Quiescent
current is only 25μA, which permits connecting the
power supply to either side of the current measurement
shunt with minimal error.
The device converts a differential input voltage to a
current output. This current is converted back to a
voltage with an external load resistor that sets any
gain from 1 to over 100. Although designed for
current shunt measurement, the circuit invites creative
applications in measurement and level shifting.
Both the INA138 and INA168 are available in
SOT23-5 and are specified for the –40°C to +85°C
industrial temperature range.
International Airport Industrial Park • Mailing Address: PO Box 11400, Tucson, AZ 85734 • Street Address: 6730 S. Tucson Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85706 • Tel: (520) 746-1111
Twx: 910-952-1111 • Internet: http://www.burr-brown.com/ • Cable: BBRCORP • Telex: 066-6491 • FAX: (520) 889-1510 • Immediate Product Info: (800) 548-6132
©1999 Burr-Brown Corporation PDS-1576B Printed in U.S.A. August, 2000
I S
OUT
1
Load
R L
V O = I S R S R L /5kΩ

SPECIFICATIONS
At T A = –40°C to +85°C, V S = 5V, V IN+ = 12V, R OUT = 125kΩ, unless otherwise noted.
PARAMETER
INPUT
CONDITION MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Full-Scale Sense Voltage VSENSE = V +
IN – V –
IN 100 500 ✽ ✽ mV
Common-Mode Input Range 2.7 36 ✽ 60 V
Common-Mode Rejection VIN+ = 2.7V to 40V, VSENSE = 50mV 100 120 dB
VIN+ = 2.7V to 60V, VSENSE = 50mV 100 120 dB
Offset Voltage (1) ±0.2 ±1 ✽ ✽ mV
vs Temperature TMIN to TMAX 1 ✽ μV/°C
vs Power Supply, V+ V– = 2.7V to 40V, VSENSE = 50mV 0.1 10 μV/V
V– = 2.7V to 60V, VSENSE = 50mV 0.1 10 μV/V
Input Bias Current
OUTPUT
V +
IN , VIN – 2 ✽ uA
Transconductance VSENSE = 10mV – 150mV 198 200 202 ✽ ✽ ✽ μA/V
vs Temperature VSENSE = 100mV 10 ✽ nA/°C
Nonlinearity Error VSENSE = 10mV to 150mV ±0.01 ±0.1 ✽ ✽ %
Total Output Error VSENSE = 100mV ±0.5 ±2 ✽ ✽ %
Output Impedance
Voltage Output
1 || 5 ✽ GΩ || pF
Swing to Power Supply, V+ (V+) – 0.8 (V+) – 1.0 ✽ ✽ V
Swing to Common Mode, VCM FREQUENCY RESPONSE
VCM – 0.5 VCM – 0.8 ✽ ✽ V
Bandwidth ROUT = 5kΩ 800 ✽ kHz
ROUT = 125kΩ 32 ✽ kHz
Settling Time (0.1%) 5V Step, ROUT = 5kΩ 1.8 ✽ μs
NOISE
5V Step, ROUT = 125kΩ 30 ✽ μs
Output-Current Noise Density 9 ✽ pA/√Hz
Total Output-Current Noise
POWER SUPPLY
BW = 100kHz 3 ✽ nA RMS
Operating Range, V+ 2.7 36 ✽ 60 V
Quiescent Current
TEMPERATURE RANGE
VSENSE = 0, IO = 0 25 45 ✽ ✽ μA
Specification, TMIN to TMAX –40 85 ✽ ✽ °C
Operating –55 125 ✽ ✽ °C
Storage –65 150 ✽ ✽ °C
Thermal Resistance θJA 200 ✽ °C/W
NOTE: (1) Defined as the amount of input voltage, V SENSE, to drive the output to zero.
®
INA138, INA168
2
INA138NA INA168NA

PIN CONFIGURATION
TOP VIEW SOT23
OUT
GND
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1)
1
2
V +
IN 3
4 V –
IN
Supply Voltage, V+
INA138 ............................................................................... –0.3V to 60V
INA168 ............................................................................... –0.3V to 75V
Analog Inputs, V IN + , VIN –
INA138
Common Mode ............................................................... –0.3V to 60V
Differential (V IN + ) – (VIN – ) ..................................................... –40V to 2V
INA168
Common Mode ............................................................... –0.3V to 75V
Differential (V IN + ) – (VIN – ) ..................................................... –40V to 2V
Analog Output, Out .............................................................. –0.3V to 40V
Operating Temperature ..................................................–55°C to +125°C
Storage Temperature ..................................................... –55°C to +125°C
Junction Temperature .................................................................... +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) ............................................... +300°C
NOTE: (1) Stresses above these ratings may cause permanent damage.
Exposure to absolute maximum conditions for extended periods may degrade
device reliability. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the
device at these or any other conditions beyond those specified is not implied.
PACKAGE/ORDERING INFORMATION
5
V+
3
ELECTROSTATIC
DISCHARGE SENSITIVITY
This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Burr-Brown
recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with
appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling
and installation procedures can cause damage.
ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation
to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may
be more susceptible to damage because very small parametric
changes could cause the device not to meet its published
specifications.
PACKAGE SPECIFIED
DRAWING TEMPERATURE PACKAGE ORDERING TRANSPORT
PRODUCT PACKAGE NUMBER RANGE MARKING NUMBER (1) MEDIA
INA138NA SOT23-5 Surface Mount 331 –40°C to +85°C B38 INA138NA/250 Tape and Reel
" " " " " INA138NA/3K Tape and Reel
INA168NA SOT23-5 Surface Mount 331 –40°C to +85°C A68 INA168NA/250 Tape and Reel
" " " " " INA168NA/3K Tape and Reel
NOTE: (1) Models with a slash (/) are available only in Tape and Reel in the quantities indicated (e.g., /3K indicates 3000 devices per reel). Ordering 3000 pieces
of “INA138NA/3K” will get a single 3000-piece Tape and Reel.
The information provided herein is believed to be reliable; however, BURR-BROWN assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies or omissions. BURR-BROWN assumes
no responsibility for the use of this information, and all use of such information shall be entirely at the user’s own risk. Prices and specifications are subject to change
without notice. No patent rights or licenses to any of the circuits described herein are implied or granted to any third party. BURR-BROWN does not authorize or warrant
any BURR-BROWN product for use in life support devices and/or systems.
INA138, INA168
®

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES
At T A = +25°C, V+ = 5V, V IN + = 12V, RL = 125kΩ, unless otherwise noted.
Gain (dB)
Power-Supply Rejection (dB)
Total Output Error (%)
40
30
20
10
0
R L = 50kΩ
R L = 5kΩ
–10
CL = 10nF CL = 1nF CL = 100pF
–20
100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M
140
120
100
80
60
40
®
GAIN vs FREQUENCY
R L = 500kΩ
Frequency (Hz)
20
1 10 100 1k 10k 100k
Frequency (Hz)
2
1
0
–1
POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION vs FREQUENCY
INA138, INA168
G = 1
TOTAL OUTPUT ERROR
vs POWER-SUPPLY VOLTAGE
Output error is essentially
independent of both
V+ supply voltage and
input common-mode voltage.
G = 25
–2
0 10 20 30 40 50
Power-Supply Voltage (V)
G = 100
G = 1
G = 10
G = 10
60 70
4
Common-Mode Rejection (dB)
Total Output Error (%)
Quiescent Current (µA)
120
100
80
60
40
20
COMMON-MODE REJECTION vs FREQUENCY
0
0.1 1 10 100 1k 10k
5
0
–5
–10
–55°C
+25°C
Frequency (Hz)
G = 1
TOTAL OUTPUT ERROR vs V IN
+150°C
–15
0 25 50 75 100 125
50
40
30
20
10
V IN (mV)
QUIESCENT CURRENT
vs POWER-SUPPLY VOLTAGE
0
0 10 20 30 40 50
Power-Supply Voltage (V)
G = 10
G = 100
VIN = (V +
IN – V –
IN )
+150°
+125°
+25°
–55°
Use INA168 with
(V+) > 36V
100k
150 200
60 70

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES (Cont.)
At T A = +25°C, V+ = 5V, V IN + = 12V, RL = 125kΩ, unless otherwise noted.
200mV
G = 1
100mV
100mV
G = 1
0mV
STEP RESPONSE
10μs/div
50mV/div
5
G = 25
0V
G = 10
0V
STEP RESPONSE
10μs/div
INA138, INA168
1V/div
500mV/div
®

OPERATION
Figure 1 shows the basic circuit diagram for both the
INA138 and INA168. Load current, IS, is drawn from
supply, VS, through shunt resistor, Rs. The voltage drop in
the shunt resistor, VS, is forced across Rg1 by the internal
op-amp, causing current to flow into the collector of Q1.
External resistor, RL, converts the output current to a voltage,
VOUT, at the Out pin.
The transfer function for the INA138 is:
®
I O = g m (V IN + – VIN – ) (1)
where g m = 200μA/V (2)
In the circuit of Figure 1, the input voltage, (V IN + – VIN – ), is
equal to I S • R S and the output voltage, V OUT, is equal to
I O • R L. The transconductance, g m, of the INA138 is
200μA/V. The complete transfer function for the current
measurement amplifier in this application is:
V OUT = (I S) (R S) (200μA/V) (R L) (3)
The maximum differential input voltage for accurate measurements
is 0.5V, which produces a 100μA output current.
A differential input voltage of up to 2V will not cause
damage. Differential measurements (pins 3 and 4) must be
unipolar with a more-positive voltage applied to pin 3. If a
more-negative voltage is applied to pin 3, the output current,
I O, will be zero, but it will not cause damage.
FIGURE 1. Basic Circuit Connections.
INA138, INA168
V+ power can be
common or
indepedent of
load supply.
VOLTAGE GAIN EXACT R L (Ω) NEAREST 1% R L (Ω)
1 5k 4.99k
2 10k 10k
5 25k 24.9k
10 50k 49.9k
20 100k 100k
50 250k 249k
100 500k 499k
V P
Load Power Supply
+2.7 to 36V (1)
2.7 ≤ (V+) ≤ 36V (1)
6
BASIC CONNECTION
Figure 1 shows the basic connection of the INA138. The
input pins, V +
IN and VIN
– , should be connected as closely as
possible to the shunt resistor to minimize any resistance in
series with the shunt resistance. The output resistor, RL, is
shown connected between pin 1 and ground. Best accuracy
is achieved with the output voltage measured directly across
RL. This is especially important in high-current systems
where load current could flow in the ground connections,
affecting the measurement accuracy.
No power supply bypass capacitors are required for stability
of the INA138. However, applications with noisy or high
impedance power supplies may require de-coupling capacitors
to reject power supply noise. Connect bypass capacitors
close to the device pins.
POWER SUPPLIES
The input circuitry of the INA138 can accurately measure
beyond its power supply voltage, V+. For example, the V+
power supply can be 5V while the load power supply is
voltage is up to +36V (or +60V with INA168). However, the
output voltage range of the Out terminal is limited by the
lesser of the two voltages (see “Output Voltage Range”).
SELECTING R S AND R L
The value chosen for the shunt resistor, R S, depends on the
application and is a compromise between small-signal accuracy
and maximum permissible voltage loss in the measurement
line. High values of R S provide better accuracy at
V+
5
R G1
5kΩ
INA138
Shunt
R S
V + –
IN
VIN 3 4
2
I S
R G2
5kΩ
Q1
OUT
1
I 0
Load
R L
+
VO –
NOTE: (1) Maximum V P and V+ voltage is 60V with INA168.

lower currents by minimizing the effects of offset, while low
values of RS minimize voltage loss in the supply line. For
most applications, best performance is attained with an RS value that provides a full-scale shunt voltage of 50mV to
100mV. Maximum input voltage for accurate measurements
is 500mV.
RL is chosen to provide the desired full-scale output voltage.
The output impedance of the INA138 Out terminal is very
high which permits using values of RL up to 500kΩ with
excellent accuracy. The input impedance of any additional
circuitry at the output should be much higher than the value
of RL to avoid degrading accuracy.
Some A/D converters have input impedances that will significantly
affect measurement gain. The input impedance of
the A/D converter can be included as part of the effective RL if its input can be modeled as a resistor to ground. Alternatively,
an op-amp can be used to buffer the A/D converter
input. See Figure 1 for recommended values of RL. OUTPUT VOLTAGE RANGE
The output of the INA138 is a current, which is converted to
a voltage by the load resistor, RL. The output current remains
accurate within the compliance voltage range of the output
circuitry. The shunt voltage and the input common-mode
and power supply voltages limit the maximum possible
I S
3 4
INA138
R L
OPA340
FIGURE 2. Buffering Output to Drive A/D Converter.
3 4
INA138
Z IN
Buffer of amp drives A/D converter
without affecting gain.
FIGURE 4. Offsetting the Output Voltage.
1
Gain Set by R 1 ⎥⎥ R 2
Output Offset = (V R )R 2
R 1 +R 2
a). Using resistor divider.
V R
R 1
R 2
V 0
7
output swing. The maximum output voltage compliance is
limited by the lower of the two equations below:
Vout max = (V+) – 0.7V – (V +
IN – VIN
– ) (4)
or
Vout max = V –
IN – 0.5V (5)
(whichever is lower)
BANDWIDTH
Measurement bandwidth is affected by the value of the load
resistor, RL. High gain produced by high values of RL will
yield a narrower measurement bandwidth (see Typical Performance
Curves). For widest possible bandwidth, keep the
capacitive load on the output to a minimum. Reduction in
bandwidth due to capacitive load is shown in the Typical
Performance Curves.
If bandwidth limiting (filtering) is desired, a capacitor can be
added to the output, as shown in Figure 3. This will not
cause instability.
APPLICATIONS
The INA138 is designed for current shunt measurement
circuits as shown in Figure 1, but its basic function is useful
in a wide range of circuitry. A creative engineer will find
many unforeseen uses in measurement and level shifting
circuits. A few ideas are shown.
3 4
INA138
FIGURE 3. Output Filter.
3 4
INA138
1
f –3dB =
R L
V+
R L
Gain Set by R L
Output Offset = (100µA)(R L )
(independent of V+)
b). Using current source.
1
2πRLCL V 0
C L
REF200
100µA
INA138, INA168
f –3dB
V O
®

FIGURE 5. Bipolar Current Measurement.
+5V
5
FIGURE 6. Bipolar Current Measurement Using Differential Input of A/D Converter.
®
V+
1 2
R L
25kΩ
+
48V
+5V
4 3
INA138
INA138, INA168
5
IN4148
R S
1 2
10KΩ
3
INA138
A/D converter programmed for differential input.
Depending on polarity of current, one INA138 provides
an output voltage, the other's output is zero.
2
3
4
4
INA168
±1A
1
1Ω
5
+5V
R L
25kΩ
4 3
5kΩ 5kΩ
INA168
2
8
IN4148
1
+5V
5
10KΩ
Digital
I/O
MUX
Clock
Divider
Oscillator
+5V
100KΩ
REFOUT BUFIN REF
Charger
PGIA
Load
Comparator
SIGN
ADS7870
0 to 1V
VO BUF
BUF OUT
12-Bit
A/D
Serial
I/O

Other INA168s
––
––
INA168
INA168
FIGURE 7. Multiplexed Measurement Using Logic Signal for Power.
V+
V+
IN4148
R L
9
+5V
Digital I/O on ADS7870 provides power to
select the desired INA168. Diodes prevent
output current of " on" INA168 from flowing
into "off" INA168.
Digital
I/O
MUX
Clock
Divider
Oscillator
REFOUT BUFIN REF
PGIA
ADS7870
BUF
Serial
I/O
INA138, INA168
BUF OUT
12-Bit
A/D
®

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pertaining to warranty, patent infringement, and limitation of liability.
TI warrants performance of its semiconductor products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in
accordance with TI’s standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are utilized to the extent
TI deems necessary to support this warranty. Specific testing of all parameters of each device is not necessarily
performed, except those mandated by government requirements.
Customers are responsible for their applications using TI components.
In order to minimize risks associated with the customer’s applications, adequate design and operating
safeguards must be provided by the customer to minimize inherent or procedural hazards.
TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or customer product design. TI does not warrant or represent
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intellectual property right of TI covering or relating to any combination, machine, or process in which such
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Copyright © 2000, Texas Instruments Incorporated