Clean coal and CCS – Shell perspective
Clean coal and CCS – Shell perspective
Clean coal and CCS – Shell perspective
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<strong>Clean</strong> <strong>coal</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>CCS</strong> <strong>–</strong> <strong>Shell</strong><br />
<strong>perspective</strong><br />
Biswajit Kar<br />
Head, <strong>Clean</strong> Coal Energy, India<br />
EU India Workshop<br />
21 JANUARY 2008, Le Meridien, NEW DELHI<br />
<strong>Shell</strong> Gas & Power
CONTENT<br />
1. The Big Picture On Coal <strong>and</strong> relevance of<br />
<strong>CCS</strong><br />
2. Gasification basics <strong>and</strong> <strong>Shell</strong> SCGP process<br />
3. IGCC<br />
4. Carbon Capture <strong>and</strong> Storage<br />
<strong>Shell</strong> Gas & Power
Coal Is Abundant<br />
OIL GAS COAL<br />
<strong>Shell</strong> Gas & Power
oal remains the fastest growing fuel in the world<br />
ource: www.bp.com<br />
Coal is increasingly<br />
becoming an alternative<br />
fuel to oil <strong>and</strong> gas<br />
<strong>Shell</strong> Gas & Power
REE HARD TRUTHS…<br />
GNAL TURBULENT TIMES AHEAD<br />
Global energy dem<strong>and</strong> is accelerating<br />
Easy oil & gas supply will struggle to keep pace<br />
Flight into <strong>coal</strong> causes climate stresses <strong>and</strong> make<br />
dealing with CO2 imperative<br />
<strong>Shell</strong> Gas & Power
hell’s Coal Gasification Process (SCGP)<br />
Feed<br />
<strong>coal</strong>, lignite, petcoke<br />
biomass<br />
Steam<br />
Oxygen<br />
Gasification<br />
Slag & Fly Ash<br />
Gas<br />
Treating<br />
Sulfur<br />
<strong>Clean</strong><br />
Syngas<br />
( CO + H 2 )<br />
<strong>Shell</strong> Gas & Power
oal<br />
ignite<br />
SCGP SYNGAS APPLICATIONS<br />
etroleum<br />
oke<br />
iomass<br />
Gasification<br />
&<br />
Gas Treating<br />
clean<br />
syngas<br />
(CO+H 2 )<br />
CO 2<br />
Power<br />
Generation<br />
Chemical<br />
conversion<br />
Chemical<br />
conversion<br />
Liquefaction<br />
(Fischer-Tropsch<br />
synthesis)<br />
Electricity<br />
Steam<br />
Hydrogen for<br />
refining/transportatio<br />
ammonia, methanol,<br />
other chemicals<br />
synthetic natural gas<br />
(SNG)<br />
Transportation<br />
Fuel<br />
<strong>Shell</strong> Gas & Power
oal Gasification - From Development to Commercialization<br />
• <strong>Shell</strong> started its oil gasification technology in 1956<br />
• 87 oil / gas gasification units in operations<br />
• <strong>Shell</strong> Coal Gasification Process started in 1976<br />
al<br />
ke<br />
d<br />
6 t/d<br />
1976<br />
Pilot Unit<br />
Amsterdam,<br />
e Netherl<strong>and</strong>s<br />
150 t/d<br />
1978<br />
Demo Unit<br />
Harburg,<br />
Germany<br />
250 t/d<br />
1987<br />
SCGP-1<br />
Scaled-up<br />
Demo Unit<br />
USA<br />
2000 t/d<br />
1993<br />
NUON IGCC 250MW<br />
Buggenum,<br />
The Netherl<strong>and</strong>s<br />
2000<br />
Onwards<br />
Chinese<br />
Fertiliser<br />
Licensees<br />
Dongting<br />
Yincheng<br />
Anqing<br />
Hubei<br />
Liuzhou<br />
<strong>Shell</strong> Gas & Power
hell Coal Gasification <strong>–</strong> commercially proven since 1994<br />
Courtesy of NUON Power<br />
Technology, integration concept<br />
proven<br />
Plant performance as per design<br />
Fuel flexibility <strong>and</strong> load following<br />
proven<br />
Up to 30% biomass co-feed<br />
Excellent environmental performance<br />
Buggenum IGCC plant<br />
Plant built (1993) <strong>and</strong> previously owned by the Dutch<br />
Electricity Generating Board (SEP), now with NUON<br />
COAL INTAKE 2000 t/d<br />
NET OUTPUT 253 MWe<br />
NET EFFICIENCY 43%<br />
Availability > 90% (excl. planned downtime)<br />
Excellent environmental performance<br />
Extremely low NOx, typically below 10<br />
ppm<br />
Sulphur removal efficiency over 99%<br />
Total acidification components NOx +<br />
SO2:<br />
<strong>coal</strong> gas operation better than natural gas<br />
Virtually zero emission of fly ash,<br />
chlorides & volatile heavy metals<br />
Zero discharge: waste water reused in<br />
plant<br />
<strong>Shell</strong> Gas & Power
g/kWh<br />
g/kWh<br />
“<strong>Clean</strong> Coal” Power Generation Emissions<br />
0.5<br />
0.4<br />
0.3<br />
0.2<br />
0.1<br />
0<br />
0.1<br />
0.08<br />
0.06<br />
0.04<br />
0.02<br />
0<br />
1.5<br />
Sulphur Dioxide g/kWh<br />
Nitrogen Oxides<br />
Conv. PC IGCC CCGT<br />
Coal Coal Natural Gas<br />
Particulates<br />
Conv. PC IGCC CCGT<br />
Coal Coal Natural Gas<br />
g/kWh<br />
1<br />
0.5<br />
0<br />
1000<br />
800<br />
600<br />
400<br />
200<br />
0<br />
Conv. PC IGCC CCGT<br />
Coal Coal Natural Gas<br />
Carbon Dioxide<br />
Conv. PC IGCC CCGT<br />
Coal Coal Natural Gas<br />
<strong>Shell</strong> Gas & Power
OVERVIEW OF CO 2 CAPTURE PROCESSES AND<br />
SYSTEMS<br />
<strong>Shell</strong> Gas & Power
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF POSSIBLE <strong>CCS</strong><br />
SYSTEMS<br />
Source: IPCC<br />
<strong>Shell</strong> Gas & Power
COMMITTED TO CO 2 MANAGEMENT<br />
voluntary commitment<br />
e set an aggressive, voluntary<br />
O 2 emissions target <strong>–</strong> to reduce<br />
missions from <strong>Shell</strong> operations in<br />
010 to at least 5% lower than the<br />
990 level, even while we grow our<br />
usiness<br />
n 2005, our emissions fell to 105<br />
illion tonnes CO 2 equivalent <strong>–</strong> 15%<br />
elow the 1990 level of 123 million<br />
onnes<br />
his has been accomplished by<br />
educed flaring <strong>and</strong> increased<br />
fficiency in our operations<br />
130<br />
120<br />
110<br />
100<br />
Greenhouse gas emissions<br />
Million tonnes CO 2 equivalent<br />
97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10<br />
1990 Baseline Actual Targets<br />
<strong>Shell</strong> Gas & Power
CARBON CAPTURE & STORAGE<br />
ZeroGEN PROJECT, AUSTRALIA<br />
roject description<br />
World’s first CO 2 capture <strong>and</strong> storage <strong>coal</strong><br />
power project in design<br />
Integrated <strong>coal</strong>-based gasification plant,<br />
Rockhampton<br />
200-km CO 2 pipeline<br />
CO 2 storage in reservoir ~2km below<br />
surface<br />
Resulting in low CO 2 base-load electricity<br />
roject status<br />
<strong>Shell</strong> <strong>and</strong> Stanwell agreement<br />
Feasibility work ongoing<br />
Queensl<strong>and</strong><br />
Rockhampto<br />
Brisbane<br />
<strong>Shell</strong> Gas & Power
ROTTERDAM DEMONSTRATION PROJECT<br />
Pernis refinery Fuel cell bus<br />
CO 2<br />
Hydrogen<br />
Direct CO 2 sales Mineralisation Sequestration<br />
<strong>Shell</strong> Gas & Power
HALTEN CO 2 EOR STUDY REACHES CONCLUSION<br />
A technically dem<strong>and</strong>ing Halten CO 2 Project study<br />
was launched in 2006 by <strong>Shell</strong> <strong>and</strong> Statoil<br />
Low Emission power production in Norway is<br />
proving to be highly challenging<br />
The capture <strong>and</strong> use of CO 2 from gas fired power<br />
for enhanced oil recovery at Draugen, though<br />
technically attainable, is not commercially viable<br />
Study results indicated lower than expected EOR<br />
volumes <strong>and</strong> higher than expected costs.<br />
The project will continue, focusing upon the<br />
possibility of CO 2 capture <strong>and</strong> storage in a deep<br />
saline aquifer offshore<br />
<strong>Shell</strong> Gas & Power
CONCLUSIONS<br />
• Fossil fuels will be needed for much of this century.<br />
• We accept that CO 2 emissions must be managed.<br />
• Many new zero-CO 2 energy technologies are far from commercial <strong>and</strong><br />
will need further support.<br />
• Voluntary action will not deliver the changes needed.<br />
• A policy framework will be needed to help reduce CO 2 emissions.<br />
<strong>Shell</strong> Gas & Power
<strong>Shell</strong> Gas & Power
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