High Brightness Electron Beam Diagnostics and their ... - CASA
High Brightness Electron Beam Diagnostics and their ... - CASA
High Brightness Electron Beam Diagnostics and their ... - CASA
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(a)<br />
ceramic radiator<br />
beam<br />
x-wire beam transverse<br />
x+y<br />
section<br />
2<br />
y-wire<br />
wire<br />
(b)<br />
fluorescence emission<br />
vacuum chamber (spherical wave in<br />
optical region)<br />
Figure4.1:Schematicsofprincipleforthedierenttypeofbeamproledensitymeasurement<br />
vacuum window<br />
optical system<br />
direction of motion<br />
+ detector<br />
(c)<br />
(d)<br />
Metallic foil<br />
forward transition radiation<br />
synchrotron radiation<br />
beam<br />
mirror optical system<br />
anypieceofhardware(vacuumpipe,electronics,...)thatislocatedinthetunnelenclosure.Inthe devices.<br />
+ detector<br />
Magnetic Induction<br />
followingweconsiderthebehaviorofthreekindsofTRradiator:aluminum,gold<strong>and</strong>carbonfoil. acertainthresholditcantriggertheMachineProtectionSystem(MPS)whichwillturnothe canbesolargethatsomeoftheelectroncanbelost.Ifthepercentageoflostparticlesexceeds machine,alsoeveniftheMPSisnotarmed,losingalargefractionofthebeamisalwaysaconcern. Theprotectionsystemthresholddependsonthemachine,<strong>and</strong>insuresthatonecannotdamage<br />
backward transition radiation<br />
vacuum chamber<br />
vacuum window<br />
optical system<br />
4.2.2ThermalStudies<br />
+ detector<br />
foil.Theenergydepositionismainlyduetoionizationlossesoftherelativisticelectronsminusthe energycarriedonbysecondaryelectrons;itwascomputedusingtheEGS4(<strong>Electron</strong><strong>and</strong>Gamma Shower4)code4distributedbyStanfordLinearAcceleratorCenter.Iftheonlymechanismofheat heattransferequation: Theprimaryconcern,aswepreviouslyemphasized,isduetotheenergythebeamdepositsinthe transferisconduction,thetemperatureofabodyinwhichpowerisdepositedisdescribedbythe whereTisthetemperature,thedensity,cp,thespecicheat,thethermalconductivity,Vthe bodywithhighemissivity,heatevacuationviaradiationisanimportantmechanismthatshouldbe volumeofthebody,<strong>and</strong>thedepositedpower. Thisequationcanbenumericallyintegratedbyseveralnite-elementprogram.Inthecaseof 4PrivateCommunicationfromP.K.Kloeppel,November1995<br />
cp@T @tkappa52T=@P @V (4.12)
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