High Brightness Electron Beam Diagnostics and their ... - CASA

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Acknowledgments metoworkononeofhisfavoritetopics:thecharacterizationofultra-shortbeam,healsogave suchastransitionanddiractionradiationfortheCEBAFaccelerator.GeoreyKratconded manyadvicesinBeamDynamics.CourtBohnoeredmeapositionintheFELdepartmentto experimentallycharacterizebunchselfinteractionduetocoherentsynchrotronradiation. Ithasrequiredmanypeopletoachievetheworkthatconstitutespartofthisthesis.FirstIwishto thanksthethreepeoplethathavechronologicallydirectedmyworkatJeersonLab:Jean-Claude Denard,GeoreyKrat,andCourtlandtBohn.Jean-ClaudeDenardoeredmetocomeatCE- InFrancethisworkwasdirectedbyJean-MarieLoiseaux,Ithankhimforlettingmetotalfreedom BAFasaphDstudentandwithhimIworkedonthedevelopmentofnon-interceptivediagnostics acceptedtheroleofrefereeforthepresentreport,theircarefulreading,suggestionsandcomments havemadethismanuscriptclearer.ManythanksalsotoFernandMerchezwhochairedtheexaminationcommittee,butalsoforhisinterestandencouragementforthepresentwork. NextIwishtothanksthecolleaguesfromJeersonLabwhospenttimetoeducatemeinvarious inmyresearchworkandIamgratefulforhistotalcondenceandadvises.Iwouldliketoexpress areaofBeamPhysics:DavidDouglas,DaveKehne,PeterKloeppel,RobbertLegg,LiaMerminga, mygratitudetoPascalElleaumefromESRFandLouisRinolfromCERN,bothofthemhave ByungYunnhaveprovidedgeneralAcceleratorPhysicshelpandinsights.RuiLihassharedher mademanycontribution,heespeciallycodedthedatareductionalgorithmforthemultislitsothat wecouldhaveresultson-line.UweHappekandMichaelJamesbuilttheinterferometersthatare workonCSRandIhavefreelyborrowsomepassageofherpublicationsinthepresentmanuscript. dataacquisitionanddiagnosticscontrolsystem.SueWitherspoonhelpsettingupthemodelserver GeorgeNeilandMichelleShinnhavetaughtmethefewthingsIknowaboutFree-electronlasers. andxedtheproblemsIencouteredveryeciently. versionoftheparmelacode.AliciaHoerandAlbertGrippomademanycontributionstothe usedforbunchlengthmeasurement.ThankstoHongxiuLiuforlettingmeusehiscustomized SteveBensonhelpedmeunderstandingtheimpactofelectronbeamparametersontheFELphoton IwouldliketoexpressmygratitudetoKevinJordanandhisteam(RichHillandRichEvans), beam.ThankstoJinhuSongwhoinitiatedmetotheworldofEPICSandMEDMbutwhoalso KarelCapek,andErichFeldlfortheirexcellenttechnicalsupport,withoutthemmostofthework presentedinthismanuscriptcouldnothavehappened.IoughtalottoTimothySiggins,\The Creator"(ofelectrons):despitesmany\event"weencounteredwiththeelectronsource,heand JoeGubeliwereabletoprovide"good-enough-photocathode"torunhighenoughchargeelectron beam;withoutelectronsthismanuscriptwon'texist! MyspecialthanksalsogotoDikOepts,visitorfromFOMinstituutvoorPlasmafysicaRijnhuizen formanyhelpfulcommentsandsuggestionshemadeontheo-lineanalysiscodeofthepolarizing gingandtroubleshootingdiagnostics(andseatingmanyshiftswithme!).interferometer,andPeterMichelfromtheForschungszentrumRossendorfe.V.forhishelpdebug
IthanktheCEBAFmachineoperators,withwhomIsharedendlessnightsinthemachinecontrol center"theyhavetaughtmehowtobea\smoothoperator". Ialsothankthem! MicheleBlancfromISNtookcareofalltheadministrativepaperworkatUniversiteJosephFourier; herkindhelpisgreatlyappreciated.IalsowouldliketothankKateRoss,fromCERN,forprovidingenglishsyntaxandgrammarcorrections. ThisworkwassponsoredbyUStaxpayersviatheDepartmentofEnergygrantnumberDE-AC05- 84ER40150,theOceofNavalResearch,theCommonwealthofVirginiaandtheLaserProcessing Consortium. Lastly,IwouldliketothankmyfellowgraduatestudentswithwhomIspentmanyenjoyabletimes intheUnitedStates.IapologizeforthosethatIhavenotexplicitlymentionedhereandofcourse
Page 1 and 2: HighBrightnessElectronBeamDiagnosti
Page 3: eratedupto48MeVpriortothelasingsyst
Page 7 and 8: 3.4MeasurementoftheLongitudinalResp
Page 9 and 10: 5.6ZerophasingTechniqueforBunchLeng
Page 11 and 12: ListofTables 3.2Comparisonofcoecien
Page 13 and 14: ListofFigures 1.1Comparisonoftheexp
Page 15 and 16: 3.11Momentumcompactionandnonlinearm
Page 17 and 18: 4.18Overviewofthephasespacesampling
Page 19 and 20: 5.16Interferogrammeasuredfordierent
Page 21 and 22: 6.10Comparisonofthermstransversehor
Page 23 and 24: Chapter1 UVdomainandareplannedtogen
Page 25 and 26: space-chargeinthelowenergyregime,an
Page 27 and 28: !Vjitsthevelocity,and!Xjisthepositi
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Page 33 and 34: 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 E=10 MeV E=42 M
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Page 37 and 38: harmonicwithproperchoiceoftheKvalue
Page 39 and 40: Bu(rms)0.28T ParameterValueUnit Nu
Page 41: 2.7TheJeersonLabIRproject usedasexp
Page 44 and 45: Study TheFELdriveraccelerator:Latti
Page 46 and 47: ParameterValue x -0.178 x(m) 8.331
Page 48 and 49: Thepurposeofmeasuringthetransverser
Page 50 and 51: computedusingthelatticeset-upuseddu
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∆ x (mm), Corrector 0F00H ∆ x (
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1 0.5 0 spreadoftheparticlewassetto
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2 1 −5 −3 −1 1 3 5 k (m q −
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Experimentallythecalibrationcoecien
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tioned.FromthetransferfunctioninFig
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Pickup Experiment #2 #3 #4 Simulati
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Fromthesebothmeasurementitispossibl
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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10 5 Sext. ON Figure3.20:Eectofthes
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spaceabeamthatconsistsofNparticles,
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Asforthegeometricemittanceonecanden
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(a) ceramic radiator beam x-wire be
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and validundertheassumptionofaunifo
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1000 900 800 700 Figure4.4:Steadyst
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Fraction of Beam enclosed within (%
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5 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 10 5 2 Foi
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Actuator Inserts Foil and Mirror CI
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shortterm,touseasbeamdensitymonitor
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Alongwiththeseimplementedoperations
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whereiistheerrorontheithbeamsizemea
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Let'sassumethethinlensapproximation
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obtainedviathestatisticalanalysis.T
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20 18 16 . 14 . 12 . Figure4.14:Rel
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100 10 −3 10 −2 10 −1 10 that
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multislits mask (copper) Aluminum F
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TheReductionoftheSpaceChargeconditi
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Table4.7:Typicalsystematicerroronem
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180 8 160 6 Figure4.22:Anexampleof2
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4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 Figure4.24:Emittanc
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Characterization LongitudinalPhaseS
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concentrateonthebeamparametersinthe
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1.1 1 mrad 0.9 5 mrad mainlyduetoth
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Population Population 100000 90000
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Theequation5.8yields: f()=jZ+1 11Xn
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presentanoutlineofthisproofbelow,an
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contrastintheCEBAFmachine,varyingas
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1.5 1 correspondtothevarianceofveco
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Ε’ 2 B Mirror M 2 Ε2 Polarizer
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FinallyitisinterestingtonotethatFou
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Itsautocorrelationis:S(z)=8>:(1=w2)
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drivelaserwhereasin(A),suchoperatio
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expansionoftheBFFderivedinthischapt
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Asarstapproximation,wecanestimatetr
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errorpropagation8theoryappliedonEqn
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inducedbyspacechargeisnotaconcernin
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Golay Cell Signal (V) Golay Cell Si
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Golay Cell Ouput (V) Golay Cell Oup
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150 100 5 4 Figure5.19:Energyspectr
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Figure5.23:picturaleectoflongitudin
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. .. .. . .. . . .. . .. . . .. . .
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σ x (m) x 10−3 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 5 1
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BeamDynamicsStudies Chapter6 undula
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x,y (mm) 6.0 4.8 3.6 2.4 1.2 x y 0.
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Space Charge over Emittance Ratio (
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numericalsolution[56].Thisapproxima
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0.03 . .... . .. ... . .. ..... . .
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ε x (mm−mrad) Nominal 6 4 2 cryo
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2.2 2 1.8 Figure6.10:Comparisonofth
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6 4 2 Figure6.12:\R55"transfermapfo
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10 1 5 10 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
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EnergySpread(%) BunchLength(mm) Par
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15 Effect of RMS energy Spread 10 F
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6.4.4BunchSelfInteractionviaCoheren
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100 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
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Inthesecondseriesofrun,wewereableto
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Conclusion Chapter7 Therecirculator
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[2]Y.Shibata,T.Takahashi,T.Kanai,K.
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[29]J.-C.Denard,C.Bochetta,G.Traomb
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[65]B.C.Yunn,\ImpedancesintheIRFEL"
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TEM:transverseelectricmagnetic. TOF
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B.2Anoteonspacecharge Wedenetheslop
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B.3.3PARMELA FeaturesofJeersonLabVe
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Initialization MAIN Stop INPUT DECK
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C.0.6TheDispersionRelationsfor^S(!)
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have: Howeveritshouldbenotedthatweh
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FigureD.1:OverviewoftheRF-controlsy
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