Bibliography Ledo, J., C. Ayala, J. Pous, P. Queralt, A. Marcuello, and J. A. Muñoz (2000), New geophysical constraints on the deep structure of the pyrenees, Geophysical Research Letter, 27(7), 1037–1040, doi:10.1029/1999GL011005. Ledo, J., P. Queralt, A. Martí, and A. Jones (2002), Two-dimensional interpretation of three-dimensional magnetotelluric data: An example of limitations and resolution, Geophysical Journal International, 150, 127–139. Ledo, J., A. G. Jones, I. J. Ferguson, and L. Wolynec (2004), Lithospheric structure of the Yukon, northern Canadian Cordillera, obtained from magnetotelluric data, Journal of Geophysical Research (Solid Earth), 109(B18), B04,410. Levin, V., and J. Park (1997), P-sh conversions in a flat-layered medium with anisotropy of arbitrary orientation, Geophysical Journal International, 131(2), 253–266, doi:10. 1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb01220.x. Livelybrooks, D. (1993), Program 3Dfeem, a multidimensional electromagnetic finite element model, Geophysical Journal International, 114, 443–458. Livingston, W., and M. Penn (2009), Are sunspots different during this solar minimum?, EOS, Transaction of the American Geophysical Union, 90(30), 257–264. Lizarralde, D., A. Chave, G. Hirth, and A. Schultz (1995), Northeastern pacific mantle conductivity profile from long-period magnetotelluric sounding using Hawaii-to- California submarine cable data, Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 17,837– 17,854. Lopez-Gomez, J., A. Arche, and A. Perez-Lopez (2002), Permian and Triassic, in Gibbons and Moreno [2002b], chap. 10, pp. 185–212. López-Ruiz, J., J. M. Cebriá, M. Doblas, R. Oyarzun, M. Hoyos, and C. Martín (1993), Cenozoic intra-plate volcanism related to extensional tectonics at Calatrava, central Iberia, Journal of the Geological Society, 150(5), 915–922, doi:10.1144/gsjgs.150.5. 0915. López-Ruiz, J., J. M. Cebriá, and M. Doblas (2002), Cenozoic volcanism i: the Iberian peninsula, in Gibbons and Moreno [2002b], chap. 17, pp. 417–438. López Sánchez-Vizcaíno, V., D. Rubatto, M. T. Gómez-Pugnaire, V. Trommsdorff, and O. Müntener (2001), Middle Miocene high-pressure metamorphism and fast exhumation of the Nevado-Filábride Complex, SE Spain, Terra Nova, 13, 327–332. Luterbacher, J., R. Rickli, E. Xoplaki, C. Tinguely, C. Beck, C. Pfister, and H. Wanner (2001), The Late Maunder Minimum (1675-1715): A key period for studying decadal scale climatic change in Europe, Climatic Change, 49(4), 441–462, doi:10.1023/A: 1010667524422. 346
Bibliography Lviv Centre of Institute for Space Research (2009), Long-period magnetotelluric instrument LEMI-417M: User Manual, Lviv centre of institute for space research, 5-A Naukova St., Lviv, 79000, Ukraine. Mackie, R. (2002), User manual and software documentation for two-dimensional inversion of magnetotelluric data, GSY-USA, Inc., 2261 Market Street, PMB 643, San Francisco, California 94114, anisotropy version 6.7. Mackie, R. L., and T. R. Madden (1993), Three-dimensional magnetotelluric inversion using conjugate gradients, Geophysical Journal International, 115, 215–229. Mackie, R. L., J. T. Smith, and T. R. Madden (1994), Three-dimensional electromagnetic modeling using finite difference equations: The magnetotelluric example, Radio Science, 29, 923–935. Madden, T., and R. Mackie (1989), Three-dimensional magnetotelluric modeling and inversion, Proceedings of the IEEE, 77, 318–333. Malin, S. R. C. (1973), Worldwide Distribution of Geomagnetic Tides, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 274(1243), 551–594, doi:10.1098/rsta.1973.0076. Mareschal, M. (1986), Modelling of natural sources of magnetospheric origin in the interpretation of regional induction studies: a review, Surveys in Geophysics, 8, 261–300. Mareschal, M., R. Kellett, R. Kurtz, J. Ludden, S. Ji, and R. Bailey (1995), Archaean cratonic roots, mantle shear zones and deep electrical anisotropy, Nature, 375(6527), 134–137, doi:10.1038/375134a0. Marquardt, D. (1963), An algorithm for least-squares estimation of nonlinear parameters, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 11, 431–441. Marquis, G., A. G. Jones, and R. D. Hyndman (1995), Coincident conductive and reflective middle and lower crust in southern british columbia, Geophysical Journal International, 120(1), 111–131, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1995.tb05915.x. Marriott, R. T., A. D. Richmond, and S. V. Venkateswaran (1979), The quiet-time equatorial electrojet and counter-electrojet, Journal of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity, 31, 311–340. Martí, A. (2007), A magnetotelluric investigation of geoelectrical dimensionality and study of the central Betic crustal structure, Ph.D. thesis, University of Barcelona. Martí, A., P. Queralt, A. G. Jones, and J. Ledo (2005), Research note: Improving Bahr’s invariant parameters using the WAL approach, Geophysical Journal International, 163(1), 38–41, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02748.x. 347
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Multidimensional isotropic and anis
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Contents 2.3. Deviation from plane
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Contents 8.3. Inversion of 3D model
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List of Figures 2.1. Amplitude of t
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List of Figures 4.17. Visual repres
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List of Figures 8.2. Ambient noise
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List of Figures 10.10.RMS misfit va
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List of Figures A.15.Result of anis
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List of Tables xviii 5.5. Parameter
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List of Acronyms FE finite element
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List of Symbols Below is a list of
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Symbol SI unit Denotation φ · pha
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Abstract The Tajo Basin and Betic C
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Publications Poster presentations x
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Acknowledgements Team, namely Colin
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Introduction 1 The Iberian Peninsul
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ections from enhanced one-dimension
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Part I Theoretical background of ma
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2. Sources for magnetotelluric reco
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2. Sources for magnetotelluric reco
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2. Sources for magnetotelluric reco
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2. Sources for magnetotelluric reco
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2. Sources for magnetotelluric reco
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2. Sources for magnetotelluric reco
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2. Sources for magnetotelluric reco
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2. Sources for magnetotelluric reco
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2. Sources for magnetotelluric reco
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2. Sources for magnetotelluric reco
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2. Sources for magnetotelluric reco
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Mathematical description of electro
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yields 3.2. Deriving magnetotelluri
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3.2. Deriving magnetotelluric param
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3.3. Magnetotelluric induction area
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Depth d s d 1 d 2 d n-2 d n-1 t 1 t
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3.4. Boundary conditions materials
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3.5. The influence of electric perm
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3.5. The influence of electric perm
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3.5. The influence of electric perm
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Distortion of magnetotelluric data
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4.1. Types of distortion Fig. 4.1.:
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4.1. Types of distortion Fig. 4.3.:
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J s 0 s 0 4.1. Types of distortion
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4.1. Types of distortion Fig. 4.7.:
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Scale Type Terminology Example Atom
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4.1. Types of distortion the use of
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4.2. Dimensionality Fig. 4.12.: The
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1D 2D local 3D/1D 3D/2D regional 4.
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4.3. General mathematical represent
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4.4. Removal of distortion effects
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Parameter Geoelectrical application
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4.4. Removal of distortion effects
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4.4.5. Caldwell-Bibby-Brown phase t
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4.4. Removal of distortion effects
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Method Applicability Swift angle 2D
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5. Earth’s properties observable
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5. Earth’s properties observable
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5. Earth’s properties observable
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5. Earth’s properties observable
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5. Earth’s properties observable
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5. Earth’s properties observable
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5. Earth’s properties observable
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5. Earth’s properties observable
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5. Earth’s properties observable
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5. Earth’s properties observable
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5. Earth’s properties observable
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5. Earth’s properties observable
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6. Using magnetotellurics to gain i
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6. Using magnetotellurics to gain i
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6. Using magnetotellurics to gain i
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6. Using magnetotellurics to gain i
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6. Using magnetotellurics to gain i
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6. Using magnetotellurics to gain i
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6. Using magnetotellurics to gain i
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6. Using magnetotellurics to gain i
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6. Using magnetotellurics to gain i
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6. Using magnetotellurics to gain i
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6. Using magnetotellurics to gain i
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6. Using magnetotellurics to gain i
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Part II Geology of the study area I
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7. Geology of the Iberian Peninsula
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7. Geology of the Iberian Peninsula
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7. Geology of the Iberian Peninsula
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7. Geology of the Iberian Peninsula
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7. Geology of the Iberian Peninsula
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7. Geology of the Iberian Peninsula
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7. Geology of the Iberian Peninsula
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7. Geology of the Iberian Peninsula
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7. Geology of the Iberian Peninsula
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7. Geology of the Iberian Peninsula
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7. Geology of the Iberian Peninsula
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7. Geology of the Iberian Peninsula
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7. Geology of the Iberian Peninsula
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7. Geology of the Iberian Peninsula
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7. Geology of the Iberian Peninsula
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7. Geology of the Iberian Peninsula
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7. Geology of the Iberian Peninsula
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Recovering a synthetic 3D subsurfac
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direction direction Depth: 12 - 30
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8.2. Generating synthetic 3D model
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Distance from the centre of the mes
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3D N45W 3D-crust TE Rho TE Phi Peri
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8.3. Inversion of 3D model data sch
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Model variation RMS misfit Optimal
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Profile: 3D-crust (TM-only) Depth (
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Parameter Value 8.3. Inversion of 3
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Depth (km) 10 -2 10 -1 10 0 10 1 10
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Depth (km) 10 -2 10 -1 10 0 10 1 10
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Step 1: Isotropic 2D inversion Step
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8.3. Inversion of 3D model data par
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8.4. Summary and conclusions bution
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Regularisation order Smoothing para
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S N 1% 0 Depth (km) 3% Depth (km) 1
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9.1. Profile location Data collecti
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Location (degrees) Recording period
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Geological region Stations Geologic
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9.4. Segregation of data acquired w
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Phase (degrees) 135 90 45 0 Z xy -4
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0 km 10 km 30 km 100 km 300 km Dept
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0 km 10 km 30 km 100 km 300 km Dept
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0 km 10 km 30 km 100 km 300 km Dept
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0 km 10 km 30 km 100 km 300 km Dept
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Pseudo-sections crustal strike dire
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9.8. Analysis of vertical magnetic
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9.8. Analysis of vertical magnetic
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10. Data inversion WinGLink softwar
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a (horizontal smoothing) 10. Data i
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10. Data inversion Short period ran
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10. Data inversion TM+TE Depth (km)
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10. Data inversion (a) Constrained
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10. Data inversion the model into u
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10. Data inversion Depth (km) S N 0
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Depth (km) 10. Data inversion S N 0
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10. Data inversion Group velocity m
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10. Data inversion ductivity of thi
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10. Data inversion Shtrikman upper
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10. Data inversion TM+TE Depth (km)
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10. Data inversion TM+TE Depth (km)
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10. Data inversion in the lithosphe
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10. Data inversion isotropic 2D lay
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10. Data inversion Depth (km) Depth
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10. Data inversion Depth (km) Depth
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10. Data inversion Depth (km) Depth
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10. Data inversion tigation is usua
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Depth (km) Depth (km) 10. Data inve
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Modelled Observed Modelled Observed
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Depth (km) 10. Data inversion 0 30
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10. Data inversion Depth off LAB (k
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10. Data inversion Depth (km) S 0 5
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10. Data inversion 10.3. Summary an
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10. Data inversion owing to availab
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11 Summary and conclusions The key
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11.2. PICASSO Phase I investigation
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11.2. PICASSO Phase I investigation
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11.2. PICASSO Phase I investigation
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A. Appendix Eocene 54 Ma 42 Ma 36 M
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A. Appendix A.2. Auxiliary informat
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A. Appendix 292 Fig. A.3.: Issues i
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A. Appendix A.2.4. Computation time
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- Page 348 and 349: A. Appendix A.4. Auxiliary figures
- Page 350 and 351: A. Appendix 314 ρ TE(Ω−m) φ T
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- Page 361 and 362: Bibliography Abalos, B., J. Carrera
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- Page 373 and 374: Bibliography Ganapathy, R., and E.
- Page 375 and 376: Bibliography Haak, V., and R. Hutto
- Page 377 and 378: Bibliography Hutton, R. (1972), Som
- Page 379 and 380: Bibliography Jones, A. G., and R. W
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