P. Schmoldt, PhD - MTNet - DIAS

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Acknowledgements Team, namely Colin Hogg, Clare Horan, Pierpaolo Moretti, Mark Muller, Gerardo Romano, Oriol Rosell, and Sonja Suckro, who helped me collecting the magnetotelluric data in Spain that was used to conduct this thesis work, and who made the campaign such a great experience. I want to thank Maisha Amaru, Jamie Barron, Antonio Villaseñor for providing me with data, which they extracted from their seismic 3D models, allowing me to contrast my results. For proof-reading, helpful comments, encouragement, and general help during the writing process, I like to thank Alan Jones, Andrew Schaeffer, Anna Matheson, Celine Tirel, David Khoza, Jan Vozar, Javier Fullea, Joanne Adam, Mark Muller, Marion Miensopust, Matthew Agius, and Monika Bauch. I was fortunate to meet lots of remarkable people during my time as a PhD student with whom I had long and lively discussions — sincere thanks to all of you. In addition to all those great people in DIAS, I particularly want to thank Al Duba, Javier Fernández- Lozano, Jeff Roberts, and Josef Pek for inspiring conversations. There are some people who spend lots of time working on scripts and software which they make available to the scientific community for free. In many cases these codes are not published and their authors are often forgotten despite the great usefulness of their codes. So hats up to Alan Jones, Anna Martí, Florian Le Pape, Jan Vozar, and Hao Dong, as well as Paul Wessel, Donald E. Knuth, Markus Kohm, Sebastian Deorowicz, and Adam Skórczyn´ski. Thanks also to DIAS’s technical staff Anna Sewielska, Clare Horan, Colin Hogg, and Louise Collins and IT crowd Stephane Dudzinski, Sean O’Sullivan, John Barret in 5 Merrion Square for keeping all those machines up and running and doing all the supporting work, which allows the scientist to focus on their problems and getting their things done. I want to give big thanks (or danke, köszönöm, gracias, merci, dziekuje) and hugs to all the people in DIAS (particularly those in 5 Merrion Square), as well as Ulrike Winkel, Zoltan Lensce, Marta Paternain, Emilio Martín, Louise Heng, Ela Piezcykolan, Viktòria Horwàrth, Tamàs Kovàcs, Michael O’Connor, Àkos Bairo, Veronika Juhàsz, Maria Leonard, and all the other who made me remember that there is also a life outside the institute. Especially, I would like to thank you for those times when you welcomed me to the strange and foreign city of Dublin, that you provided me with nutrition in various forms, and overall helped me with everyday things so that I could have my mind get lost in the geophysics world. Mein letzter Dank is reserviert für Tanja Wielage, die die viel zu lange Zeit der räumlichen Trennung mit mir erduldet hat und mir die Kraft gegeben hat diese Doktorarbeit zu vollenden. Weiterer Dank wird persönlich überreicht. xxxii
For scientists, facts exist, truth is verifiable, interpretations (hypothesis) can be tested, and a definite decision among competing hypothesis can be made, based on weigth of evidence. – Kenneth L. Verosub
Page 1: Multidimensional isotropic and anis
Page 4 and 5: Contents 2.3. Deviation from plane
Page 6 and 7: Contents 8.3. Inversion of 3D model
Page 9 and 10: List of Figures 2.1. Amplitude of t
Page 11 and 12: List of Figures 4.17. Visual repres
Page 13 and 14: List of Figures 8.2. Ambient noise
Page 15 and 16: List of Figures 10.10.RMS misfit va
Page 17: List of Figures A.15.Result of anis
Page 20 and 21: List of Tables xviii 5.5. Parameter
Page 22 and 23: List of Acronyms FE finite element
Page 25 and 26: List of Symbols Below is a list of
Page 27 and 28: Symbol SI unit Denotation φ · pha
Page 29: Abstract The Tajo Basin and Betic C
Page 32 and 33: Publications Poster presentations x
Page 37 and 38: Introduction 1 The Iberian Peninsul
Page 39 and 40: ections from enhanced one-dimension
Page 41: Part I Theoretical background of ma
Page 44 and 45: 2. Sources for magnetotelluric reco
Page 67 and 68: Mathematical description of electro
Page 69 and 70: yields 3.2. Deriving magnetotelluri
Page 71 and 72: 3.2. Deriving magnetotelluric param
Page 73 and 74: 3.3. Magnetotelluric induction area
Page 75 and 76: Depth d s d 1 d 2 d n-2 d n-1 t 1 t
Page 77 and 78: 3.4. Boundary conditions materials
Page 79 and 80: 3.5. The influence of electric perm
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Distortion of magnetotelluric data
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4.1. Types of distortion Fig. 4.1.:
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J s 0 s 0 4.1. Types of distortion
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Scale Type Terminology Example Atom
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4.1. Types of distortion the use of
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4.2. Dimensionality Fig. 4.12.: The
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1D 2D local 3D/1D 3D/2D regional 4.
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4.3. General mathematical represent
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4.4. Removal of distortion effects
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Parameter Geoelectrical application
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4.4.5. Caldwell-Bibby-Brown phase t
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Method Applicability Swift angle 2D
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5. Earth’s properties observable
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6. Using magnetotellurics to gain i
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Part II Geology of the study area I
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7. Geology of the Iberian Peninsula
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Recovering a synthetic 3D subsurfac
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direction direction Depth: 12 - 30
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8.2. Generating synthetic 3D model
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Distance from the centre of the mes
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3D N45W 3D-crust TE Rho TE Phi Peri
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8.3. Inversion of 3D model data sch
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Model variation RMS misfit Optimal
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Profile: 3D-crust (TM-only) Depth (
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Parameter Value 8.3. Inversion of 3
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Depth (km) 10 -2 10 -1 10 0 10 1 10
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Depth (km) 10 -2 10 -1 10 0 10 1 10
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Step 1: Isotropic 2D inversion Step
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8.3. Inversion of 3D model data par
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8.4. Summary and conclusions bution
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Regularisation order Smoothing para
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S N 1% 0 Depth (km) 3% Depth (km) 1
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9.1. Profile location Data collecti
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Location (degrees) Recording period
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Geological region Stations Geologic
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9.4. Segregation of data acquired w
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Phase (degrees) 135 90 45 0 Z xy -4
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0 km 10 km 30 km 100 km 300 km Dept
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Pseudo-sections crustal strike dire
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9.8. Analysis of vertical magnetic
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9.8. Analysis of vertical magnetic
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10. Data inversion WinGLink softwar
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a (horizontal smoothing) 10. Data i
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10. Data inversion Short period ran
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10. Data inversion TM+TE Depth (km)
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10. Data inversion (a) Constrained
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10. Data inversion the model into u
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10. Data inversion Depth (km) S N 0
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Depth (km) 10. Data inversion S N 0
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10. Data inversion Group velocity m
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10. Data inversion ductivity of thi
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10. Data inversion Shtrikman upper
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10. Data inversion in the lithosphe
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10. Data inversion isotropic 2D lay
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10. Data inversion Depth (km) Depth
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10. Data inversion tigation is usua
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Depth (km) Depth (km) 10. Data inve
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Modelled Observed Modelled Observed
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Depth (km) 10. Data inversion 0 30
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10. Data inversion Depth off LAB (k
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10. Data inversion Depth (km) S 0 5
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10. Data inversion 10.3. Summary an
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10. Data inversion owing to availab
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11 Summary and conclusions The key
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11.2. PICASSO Phase I investigation
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A. Appendix Eocene 54 Ma 42 Ma 36 M
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A. Appendix A.2. Auxiliary informat
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A. Appendix 292 Fig. A.3.: Issues i
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A. Appendix A.2.4. Computation time
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296 3D-mantle profile Inversion res
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298 07-centre profile The profile 0
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300 3D-crust profile The profile 3D
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302 J-centre profile The J-centre p
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A. Appendix Anisotropy Resistivity
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A. Appendix A.4. Auxiliary figures
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A. Appendix 314 ρ TE(Ω−m) φ T
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A. Appendix 320 pic003 (off-diagona
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A. Appendix 322 pic013 (off-diagona
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Bibliography Abalos, B., J. Carrera
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Bibliography Artemieva, I. M. (2006
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Bibliography Berdichevsky, M., V. D
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Bibliography Cebriá, J.-M., and J.
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Bibliography de Vicente, G., J. Gin
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Bibliography Egbert, G. D., and J.
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Bibliography Ganapathy, R., and E.
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Bibliography Haak, V., and R. Hutto
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Bibliography Hutton, R. (1972), Som
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Bibliography Jones, A. G., and R. W
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Bibliography Kurtz, R. D., J. A. Cr
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Bibliography Lviv Centre of Institu
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Bibliography Merrill, R. T., and M.
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Bibliography Newman, G., and G. Hoh
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Bibliography Pádua, M. B., A. L. P
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Bibliography Prácser, E., and L. S
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Bibliography Ritter, J. R. R., M. J
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Bibliography Serson, P. H. (1973),
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Bibliography Spitzer, K. (2006), Ma
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Bibliography Tikhonov, A. N., and V
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Bibliography Wanamaker, B. J., and
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Bibliography Xu, Y., C. McCammon, a
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