P. Schmoldt, PhD - MTNet - DIAS

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A. Appendix 292 Fig. A.3.: Issues in conjunction with using the true crustal electric resistivity distribution; see text for the description. Mantle Profile 3 Profile 4 Crust Profile 4 Profile 3 X Profile 2 Profile 4 Profile 3 Y (e) Profile 1 Profile 2 (d) Profile 1 Profile 2 Z (e) Profile 1 X Y (a) Z (b) (c) Z Y Y X
A.2.3. Jones Catechism A.2. Auxiliary information regarding inversion processes The term Jones Catechism, named after Alan G. Jones, describes a sequence of inversion steps following the approach to “bring in structure slowly”. The Catechism pursues the plan to reproduce the observed response by a minimum numbers of features with moderate conductivity values (cf. Occam’s razor). This approach is motivated by the circumstance that MT inversion models are non-unique and that the MT method is most sensitive to the conductance of the subsurface, rather than to the conductivity of a specific region. This means that localised features with high conductivity can yield, to a certain degree, similar responses than a more extensive feature with lower conductivity (cf. Sec. 5). In MT inversion, the Jones Catechism is implemented by starting the inversion process with the phase of the TM mode, the parameter most sensitive to lateral boundaries and unaffected by static shift, before subsequently introducing the phase of the TE mode and apparent resistivities. The order of the inversion steps is suited to fit the regularisation of nonlinear conjugate gradient (NLCG) inversion (Sec. 6.3), implemented among other in the WinGLink software package [WinGLink, 2005]. During inversion of the PICASSO Phase I dataset the Jones Catechism is realised by initially inverting only for the TM mode with a moderate error floor for the phase and for a maximum error floor for the apparent resistivity, making the latter virtually irrelevant. Once the RMS misfit approaches a minimum value, TE mode phase data are added (again by assigning a maximum error floor to the apparent resistivity data). This is followed by further introducing first the apparent resistivity of the TM mode and thereafter of the TE mode by lowering the respective error floors. Once all modes are introduced, error floors for the parameters are subsequently reduced to a minimum, wherein values are a trade-off between error floor and RMS misfit of the model (cf. Sec. 10). 293
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Multidimensional isotropic and anis
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Contents 2.3. Deviation from plane
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Contents 8.3. Inversion of 3D model
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List of Figures 2.1. Amplitude of t
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List of Figures 4.17. Visual repres
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List of Figures 8.2. Ambient noise
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List of Figures 10.10.RMS misfit va
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List of Figures A.15.Result of anis
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List of Tables xviii 5.5. Parameter
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List of Acronyms FE finite element
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List of Symbols Below is a list of
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Symbol SI unit Denotation φ · pha
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Abstract The Tajo Basin and Betic C
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Publications Poster presentations x
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Acknowledgements Team, namely Colin
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Introduction 1 The Iberian Peninsul
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ections from enhanced one-dimension
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Part I Theoretical background of ma
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2. Sources for magnetotelluric reco
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Mathematical description of electro
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yields 3.2. Deriving magnetotelluri
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3.2. Deriving magnetotelluric param
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3.3. Magnetotelluric induction area
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Depth d s d 1 d 2 d n-2 d n-1 t 1 t
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3.4. Boundary conditions materials
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3.5. The influence of electric perm
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Distortion of magnetotelluric data
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4.1. Types of distortion Fig. 4.1.:
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J s 0 s 0 4.1. Types of distortion
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Scale Type Terminology Example Atom
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4.1. Types of distortion the use of
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4.2. Dimensionality Fig. 4.12.: The
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1D 2D local 3D/1D 3D/2D regional 4.
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4.3. General mathematical represent
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4.4. Removal of distortion effects
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Parameter Geoelectrical application
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4.4.5. Caldwell-Bibby-Brown phase t
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Method Applicability Swift angle 2D
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5. Earth’s properties observable
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6. Using magnetotellurics to gain i
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Part II Geology of the study area I
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7. Geology of the Iberian Peninsula
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Recovering a synthetic 3D subsurfac
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direction direction Depth: 12 - 30
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8.2. Generating synthetic 3D model
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Distance from the centre of the mes
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3D N45W 3D-crust TE Rho TE Phi Peri
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8.3. Inversion of 3D model data sch
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Model variation RMS misfit Optimal
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Profile: 3D-crust (TM-only) Depth (
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Parameter Value 8.3. Inversion of 3
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Depth (km) 10 -2 10 -1 10 0 10 1 10
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Depth (km) 10 -2 10 -1 10 0 10 1 10
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Step 1: Isotropic 2D inversion Step
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8.3. Inversion of 3D model data par
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8.4. Summary and conclusions bution
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Regularisation order Smoothing para
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S N 1% 0 Depth (km) 3% Depth (km) 1
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9.1. Profile location Data collecti
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Location (degrees) Recording period
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Geological region Stations Geologic
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9.4. Segregation of data acquired w
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Phase (degrees) 135 90 45 0 Z xy -4
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0 km 10 km 30 km 100 km 300 km Dept
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Pseudo-sections crustal strike dire
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9.8. Analysis of vertical magnetic
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9.8. Analysis of vertical magnetic
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10. Data inversion WinGLink softwar
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a (horizontal smoothing) 10. Data i
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10. Data inversion Short period ran
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10. Data inversion TM+TE Depth (km)
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10. Data inversion (a) Constrained
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10. Data inversion the model into u
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10. Data inversion Depth (km) S N 0
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Depth (km) 10. Data inversion S N 0
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Page 284 and 285: 10. Data inversion TM+TE Depth (km)
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Page 292 and 293: 10. Data inversion Depth (km) Depth
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Page 300 and 301: Depth (km) Depth (km) 10. Data inve
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Page 304 and 305: Depth (km) 10. Data inversion 0 30
Page 306 and 307: 10. Data inversion Depth off LAB (k
Page 308 and 309: 10. Data inversion Depth (km) S 0 5
Page 310 and 311: 10. Data inversion 10.3. Summary an
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Page 315 and 316: 11 Summary and conclusions The key
Page 317 and 318: 11.2. PICASSO Phase I investigation
Page 319 and 320: 11.2. PICASSO Phase I investigation
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Page 324 and 325: A. Appendix Eocene 54 Ma 42 Ma 36 M
Page 326 and 327: A. Appendix A.2. Auxiliary informat
Page 330 and 331: A. Appendix A.2.4. Computation time
Page 332 and 333: 296 3D-mantle profile Inversion res
Page 334 and 335: 298 07-centre profile The profile 0
Page 336 and 337: 300 3D-crust profile The profile 3D
Page 338 and 339: 302 J-centre profile The J-centre p
Page 340 and 341: A. Appendix Anisotropy Resistivity
Page 348 and 349: A. Appendix A.4. Auxiliary figures
Page 350 and 351: A. Appendix 314 ρ TE(Ω−m) φ T
Page 356 and 357: A. Appendix 320 pic003 (off-diagona
Page 358 and 359: A. Appendix 322 pic013 (off-diagona
Page 361 and 362: Bibliography Abalos, B., J. Carrera
Page 363 and 364: Bibliography Artemieva, I. M. (2006
Page 365 and 366: Bibliography Berdichevsky, M., V. D
Page 367 and 368: Bibliography Cebriá, J.-M., and J.
Page 369 and 370: Bibliography de Vicente, G., J. Gin
Page 371 and 372: Bibliography Egbert, G. D., and J.
Page 373 and 374: Bibliography Ganapathy, R., and E.
Page 375 and 376: Bibliography Haak, V., and R. Hutto
Page 377 and 378: Bibliography Hutton, R. (1972), Som
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Bibliography Jones, A. G., and R. W
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Bibliography Kurtz, R. D., J. A. Cr
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Bibliography Lviv Centre of Institu
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Bibliography Merrill, R. T., and M.
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Bibliography Newman, G., and G. Hoh
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Bibliography Pádua, M. B., A. L. P
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Bibliography Prácser, E., and L. S
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Bibliography Ritter, J. R. R., M. J
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Bibliography Serson, P. H. (1973),
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Bibliography Spitzer, K. (2006), Ma
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Bibliography Tikhonov, A. N., and V
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Bibliography Wanamaker, B. J., and
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Bibliography Xu, Y., C. McCammon, a
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