P. Schmoldt, PhD - MTNet - DIAS

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Modelled Observed Modelled Observed 10. Data inversion Period (s) Period (s) Period (s) Period (s) 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 0.01 0.1 XX r a log10 -1 0 1 2 3 4 (Wm) 1 10 100 1000 10000 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 YX r a log10 -1 0 1 2 3 4 (Wm) f Deg -180 -90 0 90 180 f Deg -90 -45 0 45 90 XY ra f log10 -1 0 1 2 3 4 (Wm) Deg -90 -45 0 45 90 YY f r a log10 -1 0 1 2 3 4 (Wm) Deg -180 -90 0 90 180 Fig. 10.26.: Comparison of observed and modelled response data for the 3D inversion model labelled ‘a’ in Figure 10.27 in terms of apparent resistivity (ρa) and impedance phase (φ) for all periods and stations. Due to space restrictions station labels are omitted; in each plot stations are ordered by their latitude from South (left, station pic020) to North (right, station pic001). Individual plots for each station are given in Section A.4.2. sistive lithospheric-mantle (Fig. 10.28); however, RMS misfits are in generally higher than for the previously obtained model with a more conductive lithospheric-mantle (cf. Fig. 10.29) To examine feasibility of a more resistive lithospheric-mantle region as well as the possibility of a highly conductive layer in the uppermost asthenosphere, a series of forward models are generated. Models are created by using the crustal structure of the minimum misfit model obtained during the second 3D inversion sequence (labelled ‘a’ in Figure 10.27) and introducing an exponential decrease of electric resistivity with depth in the lithospheric mantle. The exponential decrease is controlled by the electric resistivity at the top of the lithospheric-mantle and the depth of the LAB, which is associated with a resistivity of 100 Ωm (or 10 Ωm in case of a conductive asthenosphere anomaly); sublithospheric regions are modelled using a 100 Ωm halfspace. In all models an electric resistivity of 710 Ωm is assigned to the top of the lithospheric-mantle, according to values obtained for the outer regions of the PICASSO Phase I profile (cf. Fig. 10.27). The LAB 266 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 Period (s) Period (s) Period (s) Period (s)
Depth (km) Depth (km) Depth (km) (a) (b) (c) pic020 pic019 pic017 pic015 pic013 pic011 pic009 pic007 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 pic005 pic004 pic003 pic002 pic001 S N W E Horizontal N -100 -50 0 50 100 -20 0 20 Distance from centre of profile (km) Distance (km) pic020 pic019 pic017 pic015 pic013 pic011 pic009 pic007 pic005 pic004 pic003 pic002 pic001 Depth (km) 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 Distance (km) 10.2. Inversion for mantle structures 100 50 0 -50 100 -20 0 20 Distance (km) S 0 N 0 W 0 E 0 Horizontal N 100 100 30 30 30 30 60 90 120 150 180 -100 -50 0 50 100 -20 0 20 Distance from centre of profile (km) Distance (km) pic020 pic019 pic017 pic015 pic013 pic011 pic009 pic007 pic005 pic004 pic003 pic002 pic001 S N W E 0 0 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 -100 -50 0 50 100 -20 0 20 Distance from centre of profile (km) Distance (km) 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 60 90 120 150 180 30 60 90 120 150 180 Depth (km) Depth (km) 60 90 120 150 180 30 60 90 120 150 180 pic0XX pic0XX pic0XX 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 60 90 120 150 180 30 60 90 120 150 180 Distance (km) Distance (km) N 50 0 -50 100 -20 0 20 Distance (km) Horizontal 100 50 0 -50 100 100 50 0 -50 100 -20 0 20 Distance (km) N Overview X, Y, Z: 0, 0, -50 Resistivity log 10 (Wm) 3 2 1 0 Model 1/t RMS a 10 1.50 b 3.16 1.59 c 0.32 1.75 Fig. 10.27.: Results of the second 3D inversion sequence with (a) the lowest misfit model with the highest model roughness, (b) the model with the lowest misfit for a slightly lower roughness, and (c) the lowest roughness model (cf. Fig. 10.25); RMS misfits and model roughness values are shown in the box at the bottom-right of this Figure. Models are displayed, from left to right, by a vertical slice parallel to the N-S axis, i.e. approximately parallel to the PICASSO Phase I profile (left-hand plot); a vertical slice through the central area of the profile, parallel to the E-W axis (middle plot); and a horizontal slice through the model at 50 km depth (right-hand plot); relative positions of the slices are indicated in the overview plot at the top-right of this Figure. depth, hence the exponential decrease of electric resistivity in the lithospheric-mantle, varies between models (cf. Fig. 10.30) allowing for an assessment of LAB depths beneath the Tajo Basin in terms of RMS misfit for the different forward models. Further, a model is created by assigning electric resistivity values to the lithospheric-mantle region beneath PICASSO Phase I profile that were obtained for the outer regions of the Tajo Basin; i.e. beneath stations pic001 – pic003 and beneath stations pic019 and pic020 (the related model is labelled ‘sidelobe’ in Figure 10.30). For each LAB depth as well as the ‘sidelobe’ model, two additional models are created in the form of an electrically conductive asthenosphere (20 Ωm for regions below the respective LAB) or in form of an electric uppermost asthenosphere anomaly (two rows of 20 Ωm immediately below the lithosphere and a 100 Ωm halfspace below); indicated by 50 0 -50 100 100 50 0 -50 100 S 267
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Multidimensional isotropic and anis
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Contents 2.3. Deviation from plane
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Contents 8.3. Inversion of 3D model
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List of Figures 2.1. Amplitude of t
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List of Figures 4.17. Visual repres
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List of Figures 8.2. Ambient noise
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List of Figures 10.10.RMS misfit va
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List of Figures A.15.Result of anis
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List of Tables xviii 5.5. Parameter
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List of Acronyms FE finite element
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List of Symbols Below is a list of
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Symbol SI unit Denotation φ · pha
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Abstract The Tajo Basin and Betic C
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Publications Poster presentations x
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Acknowledgements Team, namely Colin
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Introduction 1 The Iberian Peninsul
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ections from enhanced one-dimension
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Part I Theoretical background of ma
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2. Sources for magnetotelluric reco
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Mathematical description of electro
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yields 3.2. Deriving magnetotelluri
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3.2. Deriving magnetotelluric param
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3.3. Magnetotelluric induction area
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Depth d s d 1 d 2 d n-2 d n-1 t 1 t
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3.4. Boundary conditions materials
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3.5. The influence of electric perm
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Distortion of magnetotelluric data
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4.1. Types of distortion Fig. 4.1.:
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J s 0 s 0 4.1. Types of distortion
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Scale Type Terminology Example Atom
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4.1. Types of distortion the use of
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4.2. Dimensionality Fig. 4.12.: The
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1D 2D local 3D/1D 3D/2D regional 4.
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4.3. General mathematical represent
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4.4. Removal of distortion effects
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Parameter Geoelectrical application
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4.4.5. Caldwell-Bibby-Brown phase t
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Method Applicability Swift angle 2D
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5. Earth’s properties observable
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6. Using magnetotellurics to gain i
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Part II Geology of the study area I
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7. Geology of the Iberian Peninsula
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Recovering a synthetic 3D subsurfac
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direction direction Depth: 12 - 30
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8.2. Generating synthetic 3D model
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Distance from the centre of the mes
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3D N45W 3D-crust TE Rho TE Phi Peri
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8.3. Inversion of 3D model data sch
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Model variation RMS misfit Optimal
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Profile: 3D-crust (TM-only) Depth (
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Parameter Value 8.3. Inversion of 3
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Depth (km) 10 -2 10 -1 10 0 10 1 10
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Depth (km) 10 -2 10 -1 10 0 10 1 10
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Step 1: Isotropic 2D inversion Step
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8.3. Inversion of 3D model data par
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8.4. Summary and conclusions bution
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Regularisation order Smoothing para
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S N 1% 0 Depth (km) 3% Depth (km) 1
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9.1. Profile location Data collecti
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Location (degrees) Recording period
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Geological region Stations Geologic
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9.4. Segregation of data acquired w
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Phase (degrees) 135 90 45 0 Z xy -4
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0 km 10 km 30 km 100 km 300 km Dept
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0 km 10 km 30 km 100 km 300 km Dept
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Page 257 and 258: 9.8. Analysis of vertical magnetic
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Page 262 and 263: 10. Data inversion WinGLink softwar
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Page 266 and 267: 10. Data inversion Short period ran
Page 268 and 269: 10. Data inversion TM+TE Depth (km)
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Page 274 and 275: 10. Data inversion Depth (km) S N 0
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Page 280 and 281: 10. Data inversion ductivity of thi
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Page 292 and 293: 10. Data inversion Depth (km) Depth
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Page 300 and 301: Depth (km) Depth (km) 10. Data inve
Page 304 and 305: Depth (km) 10. Data inversion 0 30
Page 306 and 307: 10. Data inversion Depth off LAB (k
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Page 315 and 316: 11 Summary and conclusions The key
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Page 321: 11.2. PICASSO Phase I investigation
Page 324 and 325: A. Appendix Eocene 54 Ma 42 Ma 36 M
Page 326 and 327: A. Appendix A.2. Auxiliary informat
Page 328 and 329: A. Appendix 292 Fig. A.3.: Issues i
Page 330 and 331: A. Appendix A.2.4. Computation time
Page 332 and 333: 296 3D-mantle profile Inversion res
Page 334 and 335: 298 07-centre profile The profile 0
Page 336 and 337: 300 3D-crust profile The profile 3D
Page 338 and 339: 302 J-centre profile The J-centre p
Page 340 and 341: A. Appendix Anisotropy Resistivity
Page 348 and 349: A. Appendix A.4. Auxiliary figures
Page 350 and 351: A. Appendix 314 ρ TE(Ω−m) φ T
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A. Appendix 316 ρ TE(Ω−m) φ T
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A. Appendix 318 ρ TE(Ω−m) φ T
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A. Appendix 320 pic003 (off-diagona
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A. Appendix 322 pic013 (off-diagona
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Bibliography Abalos, B., J. Carrera
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Bibliography Artemieva, I. M. (2006
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Bibliography Berdichevsky, M., V. D
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Bibliography Cebriá, J.-M., and J.
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Bibliography de Vicente, G., J. Gin
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Bibliography Egbert, G. D., and J.
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Bibliography Ganapathy, R., and E.
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Bibliography Haak, V., and R. Hutto
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Bibliography Hutton, R. (1972), Som
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Bibliography Jones, A. G., and R. W
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Bibliography Kurtz, R. D., J. A. Cr
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Bibliography Lviv Centre of Institu
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Bibliography Merrill, R. T., and M.
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Bibliography Newman, G., and G. Hoh
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Bibliography Pádua, M. B., A. L. P
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Bibliography Prácser, E., and L. S
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Bibliography Ritter, J. R. R., M. J
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Bibliography Serson, P. H. (1973),
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Bibliography Spitzer, K. (2006), Ma
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Bibliography Tikhonov, A. N., and V
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Bibliography Wanamaker, B. J., and
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Bibliography Xu, Y., C. McCammon, a
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P. Schmoldt, PhD - MTNet - DIAS

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