P. Schmoldt, PhD - MTNet - DIAS

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9. Data collection and processing 220 Fig. 9.13.: Pseudo-section of PICASSO Phase I data for profile with an orientation orthogonal to the mantle geoelectric strike direction (N29.4E) and respective decomposition of the dataset. TE mode data are plotted on the left-hand side, TM mode data on the right-hand side; apparent resistivity is plotted on the top, impedance phase on the bottom. Note that the apparent resistivity colour ranges are set to fit values of the individual modes, thus differ between modes. Black dots indicate at which periods apparent resistivity and phase estimates are used at each station. Stations pic013, pic015, and pic017 are omitted owing to lack of data related to mantle depth (cf. Sec. 9.4). d d c c a a b b d c c a a a b b S N S N mantle strike direction TE mode TM mode Pseudo-sections
9.8. Analysis of vertical magnetic transfer function data The crustal strike pseudo-section plot (Fig. 9.12) exhibits (a) a region of increased conductivity for periods in the range of 1 second in both modes along the whole profile, extending to shorter periods towards the ends of the profile. The region (b) related to shorter periods in the centre of the profile, between stations pic005 and pic017, appears to be more resistive. For longer periods, pseudo-sections for the two modes exhibit a significantly different behaviour: the TE mode indicates two continuous features at longer periods, whereas the TM mode exhibits four different regions of conductivity at longer periods. This discrepancy can potentially be related to different induction depth of the two modes, owing to the different resistivities sensed [Jones, 2006], or the disagreement of longer period data with the crustal strike decomposition. However, common features for longer periods, generally supported by apparent resistivity and phase data of both modes, are (c) a considerably more conductive region in the south of the profile as well as (d) an conductivity increase at the longest periods greater than 10 4 s. In principle, mantle strike pseudo-sections (Fig. 9.13) support the crustal strike pseudosection findings: (b) a more resistive region at shorter periods in the centre of the profile, underlain by (a) a conductive feature at approximately 1 second, as well as (c) a resistive feature at longer periods in the south of the profile, and (d) an increase of conductivity at longest periods of the TE mode and the phase data of the TM mode. In these pseudosection plots, the northern limitation of feature (c) appears to be located beneath stations pic007 in the area where seismic tomography indicates a change from low (to the south) to high (to the north) velocity values (cf. Fig. 7.24); an inversion of the PICASSO Phase I data should enable a more detailed analysis of this circumstance. Feature (d) might indicate the location of the asthenosphere; inversion of the MT data may therefore also permit an evaluation and depth estimate of the LAB in this region. 9.8. Analysis of vertical magnetic transfer function data Horizontal and vertical H-field data from the LEMI-417 recording systems are used to aid MT investigation of the deeper regions. LEMI-417 systems record long-period data of the magnetic field in two horizontal directions (Hx and Hy) as well as in the vertical direction (Hz) by use of a fluxgate magnetometer (cf. Sec. 6.1.1). Magnetic field data can be used to derive induction arrows, which help to interpret subsurface conductivity distributions by pointing towards or away from a conductive region (dependent on convention, cf. Section 3.2.3). Moreover, vertical magnetic field data can help to identify electric anisotropy in the subsurface; it is possible to distinguish between cases of an anisotropic-1D subsurface and an isotropic-2D subsurface since only the latter will exhibit a significant Hz (cf. Sec. 4.1.3). Magnetic transfer function data are derived with the algorithm by Smirnov [2003] (cf. Sec. 6.2.3) and Figure 9.14 is generated using the WinGLink [2005] software. Results 221
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Multidimensional isotropic and anis
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Contents 2.3. Deviation from plane
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Contents 8.3. Inversion of 3D model
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List of Figures 2.1. Amplitude of t
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List of Figures 4.17. Visual repres
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List of Figures 8.2. Ambient noise
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List of Figures 10.10.RMS misfit va
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List of Figures A.15.Result of anis
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List of Tables xviii 5.5. Parameter
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List of Acronyms FE finite element
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List of Symbols Below is a list of
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Symbol SI unit Denotation φ · pha
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Abstract The Tajo Basin and Betic C
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Publications Poster presentations x
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Acknowledgements Team, namely Colin
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Introduction 1 The Iberian Peninsul
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ections from enhanced one-dimension
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Part I Theoretical background of ma
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2. Sources for magnetotelluric reco
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Mathematical description of electro
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yields 3.2. Deriving magnetotelluri
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3.2. Deriving magnetotelluric param
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3.3. Magnetotelluric induction area
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Depth d s d 1 d 2 d n-2 d n-1 t 1 t
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3.4. Boundary conditions materials
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3.5. The influence of electric perm
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Distortion of magnetotelluric data
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4.1. Types of distortion Fig. 4.1.:
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J s 0 s 0 4.1. Types of distortion
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Scale Type Terminology Example Atom
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4.1. Types of distortion the use of
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4.2. Dimensionality Fig. 4.12.: The
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1D 2D local 3D/1D 3D/2D regional 4.
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4.3. General mathematical represent
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4.4. Removal of distortion effects
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Parameter Geoelectrical application
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4.4.5. Caldwell-Bibby-Brown phase t
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Method Applicability Swift angle 2D
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5. Earth’s properties observable
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6. Using magnetotellurics to gain i
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Part II Geology of the study area I
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7. Geology of the Iberian Peninsula
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Page 205 and 206: Recovering a synthetic 3D subsurfac
Page 207 and 208: direction direction Depth: 12 - 30
Page 209 and 210: 8.2. Generating synthetic 3D model
Page 211 and 212: Distance from the centre of the mes
Page 213 and 214: 3D N45W 3D-crust TE Rho TE Phi Peri
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Page 217 and 218: Model variation RMS misfit Optimal
Page 219 and 220: Profile: 3D-crust (TM-only) Depth (
Page 221 and 222: Parameter Value 8.3. Inversion of 3
Page 223 and 224: Depth (km) 10 -2 10 -1 10 0 10 1 10
Page 225 and 226: Depth (km) 10 -2 10 -1 10 0 10 1 10
Page 227 and 228: Step 1: Isotropic 2D inversion Step
Page 229 and 230: 8.3. Inversion of 3D model data par
Page 231 and 232: 8.4. Summary and conclusions bution
Page 233 and 234: Regularisation order Smoothing para
Page 235 and 236: S N 1% 0 Depth (km) 3% Depth (km) 1
Page 237 and 238: 9.1. Profile location Data collecti
Page 239 and 240: Location (degrees) Recording period
Page 241 and 242: Geological region Stations Geologic
Page 243 and 244: 9.4. Segregation of data acquired w
Page 245 and 246: Phase (degrees) 135 90 45 0 Z xy -4
Page 247 and 248: 0 km 10 km 30 km 100 km 300 km Dept
Page 255: Pseudo-sections crustal strike dire
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Page 262 and 263: 10. Data inversion WinGLink softwar
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Page 266 and 267: 10. Data inversion Short period ran
Page 268 and 269: 10. Data inversion TM+TE Depth (km)
Page 270 and 271: 10. Data inversion (a) Constrained
Page 272 and 273: 10. Data inversion the model into u
Page 274 and 275: 10. Data inversion Depth (km) S N 0
Page 276 and 277: Depth (km) 10. Data inversion S N 0
Page 278 and 279: 10. Data inversion Group velocity m
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Page 282 and 283: 10. Data inversion Shtrikman upper
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Page 290 and 291: 10. Data inversion isotropic 2D lay
Page 292 and 293: 10. Data inversion Depth (km) Depth
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Page 300 and 301: Depth (km) Depth (km) 10. Data inve
Page 302 and 303: Modelled Observed Modelled Observed
Page 304 and 305: Depth (km) 10. Data inversion 0 30
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10. Data inversion Depth off LAB (k
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10. Data inversion Depth (km) S 0 5
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10. Data inversion 10.3. Summary an
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10. Data inversion owing to availab
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11 Summary and conclusions The key
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11.2. PICASSO Phase I investigation
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A. Appendix Eocene 54 Ma 42 Ma 36 M
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A. Appendix A.2. Auxiliary informat
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A. Appendix 292 Fig. A.3.: Issues i
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A. Appendix A.2.4. Computation time
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296 3D-mantle profile Inversion res
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298 07-centre profile The profile 0
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300 3D-crust profile The profile 3D
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302 J-centre profile The J-centre p
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A. Appendix Anisotropy Resistivity
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A. Appendix A.4. Auxiliary figures
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A. Appendix 314 ρ TE(Ω−m) φ T
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A. Appendix 320 pic003 (off-diagona
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A. Appendix 322 pic013 (off-diagona
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Bibliography Abalos, B., J. Carrera
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Bibliography Artemieva, I. M. (2006
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Bibliography Berdichevsky, M., V. D
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Bibliography Cebriá, J.-M., and J.
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Bibliography de Vicente, G., J. Gin
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Bibliography Egbert, G. D., and J.
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Bibliography Ganapathy, R., and E.
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Bibliography Haak, V., and R. Hutto
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Bibliography Hutton, R. (1972), Som
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Bibliography Jones, A. G., and R. W
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Bibliography Kurtz, R. D., J. A. Cr
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Bibliography Lviv Centre of Institu
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Bibliography Merrill, R. T., and M.
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Bibliography Newman, G., and G. Hoh
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Bibliography Pádua, M. B., A. L. P
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Bibliography Prácser, E., and L. S
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Bibliography Ritter, J. R. R., M. J
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Bibliography Serson, P. H. (1973),
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Bibliography Spitzer, K. (2006), Ma
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Bibliography Tikhonov, A. N., and V
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Bibliography Wanamaker, B. J., and
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Bibliography Xu, Y., C. McCammon, a
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