P. Schmoldt, PhD - MTNet - DIAS

P. Schmoldt, PhD - MTNet - DIAS P. Schmoldt, PhD - MTNet - DIAS

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List of Figures xii 9.7. RMS misfits for different geoelectric strike directions of stations recorded during PICASSO Phase I (Niblett-Bostick depth ranges 0 – 30 and 35 - 300 km) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 9.8. RMS misfit for different geoelectric strike directions of stations recorded during PICASSO Phase I (Niblett-Bostick depth ranges 0 – 8 km, 12 – 23 km, and 25 – 30 km) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 9.9. RMS misfit for different geoelectric strike directions of stations recorded during PICASSO Phase I (Niblett-Bostick depth range 12 – 30 km) . . . . 214 9.10. RMS misfit for different geoelectric strike directions of stations recorded during PICASSO Phase I (Niblett-Bostick depth ranges 35 – 100, 35 – 120, and 140 – 300 km) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 9.11. RMS misfit for different geoelectric strike directions of stations recorded during PICASSO Phase I (Niblett-Bostick depth ranges 12 – 100 and 12 – 120 km) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 9.12. Pseudo-section of PICASSO Phase I data for a profile with an orientation orthogonal to the crustal geoelectric strike direction and respective decomposition of the dataset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 9.13. Pseudo-sections of PICASSO Phase I data for a profile with an orientation orthogonal to the mantle geoelectric strike direction and respective decomposition of the dataset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 9.14. Magnitude of the magnetic transfer function for the Tajo Basin subsurface 222 9.15. Real induction vectors for the Tajo Basin subsurface . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 10.1. RMS misfit for models of the Tajo Basin crustal structures with different combinations of global and horizontal smoothing parameters . . . . . . . 228 10.2. Resistivity–depth profiles of horizontally averaged models for the Tajo Basin subsurface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 10.3. Resistivity-depth profiles of horizontally averaged models for different regions of the Tajo Basin subsurface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 10.4. Comparison of results from isotropic 2D inversion for the Tajo Basin crust using data from both MT modes, only from the TE mode, and only from the TM mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 10.5. Results of isotropic 2D sharp-boundary inversion using conductivity interfaces to evaluate proposed levelled layer structure of the Tajo Basin crust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 10.6. Final inversion model of the electric resistivity distribution at crustal depth beneath the Tajo Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 10.7. Potential anisotropy of the Tajo Basin crust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 10.8. Misfit of the final Tajo Basin crust model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 10.9. Inversion model of the Tajo Basin crustal structures overlaid by isolines from linear sensitivity analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

List of Figures 10.10.RMS misfit variation for different lateral extents of the upper crustal conductor labelled ‘c’ in Figure 10.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 10.11.Comparison of the crustal model for the Tajo Basin derived through inversion of MT data and results of the surface wave tomography study by Villaseñor et al. [2007] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 10.12.Real induction vectors for 64 s periods at PICASSO Phase I station in proximity of the high conductivity – low velocity anomaly within the Iberian Massif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 10.13.Electric resistivity of a partially molten rock as function of melt fraction . 245 10.14.Results of initial isotropic 2D smooth inversion for the Tajo Basin subsurface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 10.15.Results of initial isotropic 2D smooth inversion for the Tajo Basin subsurface, using a starting model that contains previously derived crustal structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 10.16.Isotropic 2D sharp boundary inversion models of the Tajo Basin subsurface 253 10.17.Results of anisotropic 1D inversion for Tajo Basin subsurface structures . 256 10.18.Results of anisotropic 1D inversion for Tajo Basin subsurface structures using a dataset decomposed according to the strike direction of the mantle 257 10.19.Models of the Tajo Basin subsurface used as starting model for anisotropic 2D inversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 10.20.Results of the ρYY component from the anisotropic 2D inversion approach for structures of the Tajo Basin subsurface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 10.21.Models of electric resistivity distribution beneath the Tajo Basin using an anisotropic 2D inversion approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 10.22.Average apparent resistivity – depth profile for the Tajo Basin subsurface; obtained through anisotropic 2D inversion of the PICASSO Phase I data. . 261 10.23.RMS misfit for isotropic 3D inversion models at different iteration steps using a halfspace and a layered arrangement as starting model . . . . . . 263 10.24.Results of the initial 3D inversion sequence using a halfspace starting model and a layered starting model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 10.25.RMS misfit for isotropic 3D inversion models at different iteration steps of the second inversion sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 10.26.Comparison of observed and modelled response data for the 3D inversion model labelled ‘a’ in Figure 10.27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 10.27.Results of the second 3D inversion sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 10.28.Lowest misfit model of the third 3D inversion sequence . . . . . . . . . . 268 10.29.RMS misfit for isotropic 3D inversion models at different iteration steps of the third inversion sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 10.30.Smoothed resistivity – depth profiles from models of the Tajo Basin mantle used for forward modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 xiii

List of Figures<br />

10.10.RMS misfit variation for different lateral extents of the upper crustal conductor<br />

labelled ‘c’ in Figure 10.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241<br />

10.11.Comparison of the crustal model for the Tajo Basin derived through inversion<br />

of MT data and results of the surface wave tomography study by<br />

Villaseñor et al. [2007] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242<br />

10.12.Real induction vectors for 64 s periods at PICASSO Phase I station in<br />

proximity of the high conductivity – low velocity anomaly within the<br />

Iberian Massif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243<br />

10.13.Electric resistivity of a partially molten rock as function of melt fraction . 245<br />

10.14.Results of initial isotropic 2D smooth inversion for the Tajo Basin subsurface<br />

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248<br />

10.15.Results of initial isotropic 2D smooth inversion for the Tajo Basin subsurface,<br />

using a starting model that contains previously derived crustal<br />

structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250<br />

10.16.Isotropic 2D sharp boundary inversion models of the Tajo Basin subsurface 253<br />

10.17.Results of anisotropic 1D inversion for Tajo Basin subsurface structures . 256<br />

10.18.Results of anisotropic 1D inversion for Tajo Basin subsurface structures<br />

using a dataset decomposed according to the strike direction of the mantle 257<br />

10.19.Models of the Tajo Basin subsurface used as starting model for anisotropic<br />

2D inversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258<br />

10.20.Results of the ρYY component from the anisotropic 2D inversion approach<br />

for structures of the Tajo Basin subsurface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259<br />

10.21.Models of electric resistivity distribution beneath the Tajo Basin using an<br />

anisotropic 2D inversion approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260<br />

10.22.Average apparent resistivity – depth profile for the Tajo Basin subsurface;<br />

obtained through anisotropic 2D inversion of the PICASSO Phase I data. . 261<br />

10.23.RMS misfit for isotropic 3D inversion models at different iteration steps<br />

using a halfspace and a layered arrangement as starting model . . . . . . 263<br />

10.24.Results of the initial 3D inversion sequence using a halfspace starting<br />

model and a layered starting model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264<br />

10.25.RMS misfit for isotropic 3D inversion models at different iteration steps<br />

of the second inversion sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265<br />

10.26.Comparison of observed and modelled response data for the 3D inversion<br />

model labelled ‘a’ in Figure 10.27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266<br />

10.27.Results of the second 3D inversion sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267<br />

10.28.Lowest misfit model of the third 3D inversion sequence . . . . . . . . . . 268<br />

10.29.RMS misfit for isotropic 3D inversion models at different iteration steps<br />

of the third inversion sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268<br />

10.30.Smoothed resistivity – depth profiles from models of the Tajo Basin mantle<br />

used for forward modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269<br />

xiii

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