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xiv BEYOND THERAPY We close the inquiry with a lingering sense that tremendous new biotechnical powers may blind us to the larger meaning of our own American ideals and may narrow our sense of what it is, after all, to live, to be free, and to pursue happiness. But we are also hopeful that, by informing and moderating our desires, and by grasping the limits of our new powers, we can keep in mind the true meaning of our founding ideals—and thus find the means to savor the fruits of the age of biotechnology, without succumbing to its most dangerous temptations. Mr. President, allow me to join my Council colleagues and our fine staff in thanking you for this opportunity to set down on paper, for your consideration and that of the American public, some (we hope useful) thoughts and reflections on these important subjects. Sincerely, Leon R. Kass, M.D. Chairman
MEMBERS OF THE PRESIDENT’S COUNCIL ON BIOETHICS LEON R. KASS, M.D., PH.D., Chairman. Addie Clark Harding Professor, The College and the Committee on Social Thought, University of Chicago. Hertog Fellow, American Enterprise Institute. ELIZABETH H. BLACKBURN, PH.D. Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco. REBECCA S. DRESSER, J.D., M.S. Daniel Noyes Kirby Professor of Law and Professor of Ethics in Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis. DANIEL W. FOSTER, M.D. Donald W. Seldin Distinguished Chair in Internal Medicine, Chairman of the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School. FRANCIS FUKUYAMA, PH.D. Dean of the Faculty, Bernard L. Schwartz Professor of International Political Economy, Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University. MICHAEL S. GAZZANIGA, PH.D. Dean of the Faculty, David T. McLaughlin Distinguished Professor, Professor of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College. ROBERT P. GEORGE, J.D., D.PHIL. McCormick Professor of Jurisprudence, Director of the James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions, Princeton University. MARY ANN GLENDON Learned Hand Professor of Law, Harvard University. xv
Page 2 and 3: BEYOND THERAPY
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL TO T
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS IV. ETHICAL ANALYSIS 121 A
Page 9: CONTENTS IV. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND AMER
Page 12 and 13: xii BEYOND THERAPY their scientific
Page 16 and 17: xvi COUNCIL MEMBERS ALFONSO GÓMEZ-
Page 19 and 20: Preface Beyond Therapy: Biotechnolo
Page 21: BIOTECHNOLOGY AND THE PURSUIT OF HA
Page 24 and 25: 2 BEYOND THERAPY meaning: the proce
Page 26 and 27: 4 BEYOND THERAPY goals we seek migh
Page 28 and 29: 6 BEYOND THERAPY gress, the new age
Page 30 and 31: 8 BEYOND THERAPY genetic selection
Page 32 and 33: 10 BEYOND THERAPY III. DEFINING THE
Page 34 and 35: 12 BEYOND THERAPY and soon to be av
Page 36 and 37: 14 BEYOND THERAPY tinction seems a
Page 38 and 39: 16 BEYOND THERAPY Further complicat
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Page 42 and 43: 20 BEYOND THERAPY cious medical res
Page 44 and 45: 22 BEYOND THERAPY fields of biology
Page 46 and 47: 24 BEYOND THERAPY ENDNOTES 1 Nation
Page 48 and 49: 26 BEYOND THERAPY it a child with t
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Page 52 and 53: 30 BEYOND THERAPY (positive) eugeni
Page 54 and 55: 32 BEYOND THERAPY they are not equa
Page 56 and 57: 34 BEYOND THERAPY been close to fam
Page 58 and 59: 36 BEYOND THERAPY accurate knowing
Page 60 and 61: 38 BEYOND THERAPY along these lines
Page 62 and 63: 40 BEYOND THERAPY one thing, neithe
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42 BEYOND THERAPY harvesting when t
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44 1. Benefits. BEYOND THERAPY Ther
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46 BEYOND THERAPY ated risks and un
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48 BEYOND THERAPY sis, why not get
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50 BEYOND THERAPY Yet these legitim
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52 BEYOND THERAPY children, in what
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54 BEYOND THERAPY anny of our genes
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56 BEYOND THERAPY the eternal alter
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58 BEYOND THERAPY pling to disclose
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60 BEYOND THERAPY its favor, and th
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62 BEYOND THERAPY to this practice
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64 BEYOND THERAPY been altered shar
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66 BEYOND THERAPY One could argue t
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68 BEYOND THERAPY also understand w
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70 BEYOND THERAPY disappointment, a
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72 BEYOND THERAPY boundary between
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74 BEYOND THERAPY tered together un
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76 BEYOND THERAPY tive of amphetami
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78 BEYOND THERAPY as defined, ADHD
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80 BEYOND THERAPY among various eth
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82 BEYOND THERAPY Ritalin use in ch
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84 BEYOND THERAPY curred only in ca
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86 BEYOND THERAPY own desire to do
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88 BEYOND THERAPY A well-meaning te
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90 BEYOND THERAPY sisting desires a
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92 BEYOND THERAPY posed, and will c
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94 BEYOND THERAPY degree that is ma
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96 BEYOND THERAPY ENDNOTES 1 Glass,
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98 BEYOND THERAPY 30 Castellanos, F
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100 BEYOND THERAPY What should we t
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102 BEYOND THERAPY overwhelm us, or
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104 BEYOND THERAPY revealing, we sh
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106 BEYOND THERAPY and better train
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108 BEYOND THERAPY tions, chance hi
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110 BEYOND THERAPY falling off by a
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112 BEYOND THERAPY does the contrac
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114 BEYOND THERAPY muscle size and
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116 BEYOND THERAPY These and other
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118 BEYOND THERAPY which the eventu
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120 BEYOND THERAPY basketball, and
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122 BEYOND THERAPY A. How Is Biotec
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124 BEYOND THERAPY less demanding o
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126 BEYOND THERAPY biology and biot
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128 BEYOND THERAPY us to do them ag
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130 BEYOND THERAPY cern. But the qu
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132 BEYOND THERAPY Still, there is
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134 BEYOND THERAPY meritocratic and
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136 BEYOND THERAPY Of course, there
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138 BEYOND THERAPY E. The Dignity o
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140 BEYOND THERAPY sence a competit
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142 BEYOND THERAPY distinctive exce
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144 BEYOND THERAPY natural gifts in
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146 BEYOND THERAPY other animals, b
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148 BEYOND THERAPY to biological ag
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150 BEYOND THERAPY In myriad ways,
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152 BEYOND THERAPY When the very ex
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154 BEYOND THERAPY the need to perf
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4 Ageless Bodies Try as we might to
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AGELESS BODIES 159 frail under the
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AGELESS BODIES 161 it is more than
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AGELESS BODIES 163 the overall form
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AGELESS BODIES 165 ing,” it would
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AGELESS BODIES 167 mals) to signifi
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AGELESS BODIES 169 Recent research
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AGELESS BODIES 171 The most promine
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AGELESS BODIES 173 worms, it appear
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AGELESS BODIES 175 carry the defect
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AGELESS BODIES 177 lesterol levels.
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AGELESS BODIES 179 studies of human
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AGELESS BODIES 181 likely to turn o
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AGELESS BODIES 183 How might such e
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AGELESS BODIES 185 ties, to start a
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AGELESS BODIES 187 declining birth
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AGELESS BODIES 189 what if, in the
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AGELESS BODIES 191 ity would have f
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2. Innovation, Change, and Renewal.
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AGELESS BODIES 195 ways and views,
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AGELESS BODIES 197 retardation may
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AGELESS BODIES 199 tionable notion
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AGELESS BODIES 201 16 These results
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204 BEYOND THERAPY ultimate and sup
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206 BEYOND THERAPY tions and experi
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208 BEYOND THERAPY before turning t
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210 BEYOND THERAPY disease is conne
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212 BEYOND THERAPY II. MEMORY AND H
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214 BEYOND THERAPY connected in a m
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216 BEYOND THERAPY specifically by
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218 BEYOND THERAPY more severely. P
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220 BEYOND THERAPY is injected into
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222 BEYOND THERAPY blockers to help
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224 BEYOND THERAPY destined to have
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226 BEYOND THERAPY knowledge of whe
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228 BEYOND THERAPY have known or se
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230 BEYOND THERAPY countable” for
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232 BEYOND THERAPY us. But in anoth
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234 BEYOND THERAPY mood” or “ba
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236 BEYOND THERAPY these disorders
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238 BEYOND THERAPY alcoholism and d
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240 BEYOND THERAPY be needed to ver
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242 BEYOND THERAPY whether “happy
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244 BEYOND THERAPY ness. 26 One mig
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246 BEYOND THERAPY everything, even
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248 BEYOND THERAPY greater calm in
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250 BEYOND THERAPY tity or losing o
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252 BEYOND THERAPY may involve not
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254 BEYOND THERAPY change of counte
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256 BEYOND THERAPY we aspire to too
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258 BEYOND THERAPY In sum, a mood-b
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260 BEYOND THERAPY tal illness, and
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262 BEYOND THERAPY and “flourishi
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264 BEYOND THERAPY well-being, narr
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266 BEYOND THERAPY IV. CONCLUSION T
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268 BEYOND THERAPY pleasure that co
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270 BEYOND THERAPY the mood of peop
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6 “Beyond Therapy”: General Ref
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GENERAL REFLECTIONS 275 and our dis
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GENERAL REFLECTIONS 277 seen as par
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GENERAL REFLECTIONS 279 students ta
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GENERAL REFLECTIONS 281 to the dang
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GENERAL REFLECTIONS 283 spread, wil
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GENERAL REFLECTIONS 285 fiedly huma
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GENERAL REFLECTIONS 287 yon, from t
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GENERAL REFLECTIONS 289 what nature
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GENERAL REFLECTIONS 291 of good cha
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GENERAL REFLECTIONS 293 catch the a
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GENERAL REFLECTIONS 295 What if eve
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GENERAL REFLECTIONS 297 prospects f
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GENERAL REFLECTIONS 299 When does p
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GENERAL REFLECTIONS 301 Lacking pro
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GENERAL REFLECTIONS 303 sires. What
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GENERAL REFLECTIONS 305 gies and wh
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GENERAL REFLECTIONS 307 significanc
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GENERAL REFLECTIONS ENDNOTES 309 1
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312 BIBLIOGRAPHY Council on Bioethi
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314 BIBLIOGRAPHY Coyle, J. “Psych
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316 BIBLIOGRAPHY Glass, B. “Scien
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318 BIBLIOGRAPHY Langer, G. “Use
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320 BIBLIOGRAPHY Nature of the Proc
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322 BIBLIOGRAPHY Roubenoff, R., et
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324 BIBLIOGRAPHY Tsien, J., et al.
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