Dipl. Ing. Matthias Mayerhofer Technische Universität München ...

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64 Results and Discussion Table 11: kapp,tar parameter for nickel based and precious metal catalysts Catalyst Type SV (1/h) Nickel based 6500 136.80 Nickel based 10000 151.73 Precious metal 6500 112.04 Precious metal 10000 145.72 kapp,tar (mTb,wet³/kg*h) The comparison of this constant for all the types of catalysts is presented in detail in Table 12. The operating conditions that were chosen for comparison for the iron based catalyst are for 860 °C and SV=6500 1/h where the highest value of the parameter was obtained. Still the kapp, tar for iron catalysts is significantly low. The additional information for the nickel based catalyst is given by Caballero et al. 2000. However, it is evident that the nickel catalysts tested in this work have a comparable kapp,tar parameter value with the results from other researchers. As for the precious metal catalysts the parameter is high enough, but still lower than the one for nickel based catalysts. This is expected as the conversion of tars is a little lower too. Table 12: kapp, tar of different catalyst types Catalyst This work Iron based Nickel based Precious metal Navraez et al. 1997 BASF G1- 25 S Corella et al. 1999 Cabellero et al. 2000 ICI 46-1 ICI 46-1 Cabellero et al. 2000 BASF G1- 50 (kgh/mTb,wet³) 0.020 0.018 0.019 0.025 0.014 0.014 0.043 Temperature (°C) 800 800 800 800 845 840 830 kapp,tar (mTb,wet³/kg*h) 23 152 146 194 294 130 97
Results and Discussion 65 7.4 Blank experiment During the experiments with the iron based catalysts it was obvious that at the temperature of 860⁰C the conversion of the tars was significantly higher compared to the other set points. Hence, a blank experiment was conducted in order to define the role of the thermal destruction in the tar decomposition. The thermal reduction is expected to be 10-20% (Nemanova,2011). The total tar thermocatalytic reduction in Figure 30 shows that the catalytic effect increases from 5% to 25% with the increasing of temperature. To determine the exact percentage of the thermal reduction, the blank experiment was realized in an empty catalytic reactor for temperature 800⁰C and space velocity 6500 1/h, which is the reference point for this work. The total thermal conversion of tars was 12%. In Figure 36, the conversion of each compound is respectively presented. The tar compounds that faced reasonable conversion were o-xylol+styrol, phenol, o-kresol and m-kresol, which are also significantly converted with the present of the any catalyst. Conversion (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 SV 6500 1/h- 800⁰C Toluene Figure 36: Conversion of tar in an empty catalytic reactor o-Xylol + Styrol Phenol Inden o-Kresol m-Kresol Naphthalene Biphenyl Fluoren Anthracen Fluoranthen Pyren
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Betreuer der Arbeit: Dipl. Ing. Mat
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Acknowledgements This work was acco
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II Content Content Acknowledgements
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IV List of Figures List of Figures
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VI List of Abbreviations List of Ab
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VIII Notation Notation ΔH [Kj/mol]
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Introduction 1 1 Introduction The d
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Introduction 3 1.2 Tasks The presen
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Biomass Gasification 5 2 Biomass Ga
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Biomass Gasification 7 Spouted Bed
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Biomass Gasification 9 2.2 Gas Clea
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Biomass Gasification 11 types of ca
Page 29 and 30: Biomass Gasification 13 Mechanical
Page 31 and 32: Biomass Gasification 15 Partial oxi
Page 33 and 34: Biomass Gasification 17 The followi
Page 35 and 36: Biomass Gasification 19 Groups of C
Page 37 and 38: Nickel Based Catalysts 21 even show
Page 39 and 40: Nickel Based Catalysts 23 The conte
Page 41 and 42: Nickel Based Catalysts 25 ing press
Page 43 and 44: Nickel Based Catalysts 27 3.4 Proce
Page 45 and 46: Iron Based Catalysts 29 4 Iron Base
Page 47 and 48: Iron Based Catalysts 31 Measurement
Page 49 and 50: Iron Based Catalysts 33 The percent
Page 51 and 52: Iron Based Catalysts 35 4.6 Catalys
Page 53 and 54: Iron Based Catalysts 37 Reduction i
Page 55 and 56: Iron Based Catalysts 39 and MgO (Di
Page 57 and 58: Precious Metal Catalysts 41 5 Preci
Page 59 and 60: Precious Metal Catalysts 43 Bimetal
Page 61 and 62: Experiments 45 Table 3: Biomass fee
Page 63 and 64: Experiments 47 6.3.1Experimental Pr
Page 65 and 66: Experiments 49 6.3.2 Tar Sampling M
Page 67 and 68: Results and Discussion 51 7 Results
Page 69 and 70: Results and Discussion 53 7.2 Sampl
Page 71 and 72: Results and Discussion 55 Wet Gas C
Page 73 and 74: Results and Discussion 57 er, the v
Page 75 and 76: Results and Discussion 59 7.3.1. Ef
Page 77 and 78: Results and Discussion 61 The conve
Page 79: Results and Discussion 63 7.3.3 App
Page 83 and 84: Summary/Outlook 67 The aim is to pr
Page 85 and 86: References 69 (Aznar,1993) Aznar, M
Page 87 and 88: References 71 (Hepola,1997b) Hepola
Page 89 and 90: References 73 (Sarvaramini,2012) Sa
Page 91 and 92: 75 Appendix Appendix A: Iron based
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Dipl. Ing. Matthias Mayerhofer Technische Universität München ...

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