Dipl. Ing. Matthias Mayerhofer Technische Universität München ...

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6 Biomass Gasification 2.1 Gasifiers and Applications The gasification systems that are used for these procedures are divided into four types depending on how the gasification medium and the fuel contact each other (Basu,2006). Entrained Bed Pulverized fuel particles are gasified by a stream of oxygen (or air) and steam, Figure 2. It cannot be used for the gasification of biomass as it requires very fine particles (80-100 μm) but it has high capacities (>100MWe). Fixed or Moving Bed Figure 2: Entrained flow bed (Basu,2010) The gasification medium flows through the reactor and comes in contact with the solid fuel particles, Figure 3. Depending in the direction of the gas stream and the solid flow they are divided into updraft (or co-current), downdraft (or counter current) and cross draft (or cross current). The downdraft type is the most appropriate for biomass gasification but it has the small capacities (>1.5 MWe). Figure 3: Fixed or moving bed (Basu,2010)
Biomass Gasification 7 Spouted Bed It is a fluid bed in which the gasification medium pierces through a thick bead of relatively coarse particles at high velocity, Figure 4. Fluidized Bed Figure 4: Spouted bed (Basu,2010) The fuel is gasified in a bed of small particles that are fluidized by a suitable gasification medium. This type of gasifier can be divided into two groups; Bubbling Fluidized Bed (BFB), Figure 5 and Circulating Bubbling Fluidized Bed (CFB), Figure 6. This gasifier is the most appropriate for biomass gasification as it achieves excellent heat and mass transfer between the gas and the solid phases with the best temperature distributions. Its main advantage is that the biomass particles are uniformly surrounded by the fluidized material so the gasification is taking place uniformly too and the maximum potential is achieved. The conversion of the feedstock takes place in the bed but small conversion in gas continues also in the freeboard. Figure 5: Bubbling Fluidized bed (Basu,2010)
Page 1: Betreuer der Arbeit: Dipl. Ing. Mat
Page 5: Acknowledgements This work was acco
Page 8 and 9: II Content Content Acknowledgements
Page 10 and 11: IV List of Figures List of Figures
Page 12 and 13: VI List of Abbreviations List of Ab
Page 14 and 15: VIII Notation Notation ΔH [Kj/mol]
Page 17 and 18: Introduction 1 1 Introduction The d
Page 19 and 20: Introduction 3 1.2 Tasks The presen
Page 21: Biomass Gasification 5 2 Biomass Ga
Page 25 and 26: Biomass Gasification 9 2.2 Gas Clea
Page 27 and 28: Biomass Gasification 11 types of ca
Page 29 and 30: Biomass Gasification 13 Mechanical
Page 31 and 32: Biomass Gasification 15 Partial oxi
Page 33 and 34: Biomass Gasification 17 The followi
Page 35 and 36: Biomass Gasification 19 Groups of C
Page 37 and 38: Nickel Based Catalysts 21 even show
Page 39 and 40: Nickel Based Catalysts 23 The conte
Page 41 and 42: Nickel Based Catalysts 25 ing press
Page 43 and 44: Nickel Based Catalysts 27 3.4 Proce
Page 45 and 46: Iron Based Catalysts 29 4 Iron Base
Page 47 and 48: Iron Based Catalysts 31 Measurement
Page 49 and 50: Iron Based Catalysts 33 The percent
Page 51 and 52: Iron Based Catalysts 35 4.6 Catalys
Page 53 and 54: Iron Based Catalysts 37 Reduction i
Page 55 and 56: Iron Based Catalysts 39 and MgO (Di
Page 57 and 58: Precious Metal Catalysts 41 5 Preci
Page 59 and 60: Precious Metal Catalysts 43 Bimetal
Page 61 and 62: Experiments 45 Table 3: Biomass fee
Page 63 and 64: Experiments 47 6.3.1Experimental Pr
Page 65 and 66: Experiments 49 6.3.2 Tar Sampling M
Page 67 and 68: Results and Discussion 51 7 Results
Page 69 and 70: Results and Discussion 53 7.2 Sampl
Page 71 and 72: Results and Discussion 55 Wet Gas C
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Results and Discussion 57 er, the v
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Results and Discussion 59 7.3.1. Ef
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Results and Discussion 61 The conve
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Results and Discussion 63 7.3.3 App
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Results and Discussion 65 7.4 Blank
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Summary/Outlook 67 The aim is to pr
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References 69 (Aznar,1993) Aznar, M
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References 71 (Hepola,1997b) Hepola
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References 73 (Sarvaramini,2012) Sa
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75 Appendix Appendix A: Iron based
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Dipl. Ing. Matthias Mayerhofer Technische Universität München ...

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