Analystjänster vid Swerea KIMAB - IVF

Analystjänster och utrustningar
på Swerea KIMAB
Exempel från tidigare utförda arbeten

Swerea KIMABs uppdragserbjudande
Hög kapacitet
Flexibilitet
Avancerad
instrumentpark
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 2
Aktuell kompetens
från forskningsfronten
Skräddarsydda
undersökningar
Kundanpassad
Oberoende part
Lång erfarenhet
Industriell
process kunskap

Swerea KIMABs uppdragserbjudande
Material
karakterisering
Material provning
Skadeanalys &
haveri
Från mindre analyser
till större utredningar
• Analys & provning
• Materialval
• Säkerställning av kvalitén
• konstruktionsoptimering
• Rådgivning
• Certifiering
• Tekniska rapporter
• Litteraturstudier
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 3
Simulering,
modellering
Korrosions
provning
Process
optimering

KIMABs uppdragserbjudande
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 4
Skadeanalys: huvudlösa skruvar
• förzinkade skruvar
• Haveri en kort tid efter dragning
• Anvisningar från mekanisk tillverkning
• Interkristallina sprickor
• Väteförsprödning
• Tillverkningsfel

KIMABs uppdragserbjudande
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 5
Material analys - rekommendation
• Material från en skena
• Kunden vill tillverka nytt liknande material
• Kemisk analys
• Hårdhetsmätning
• Mikrostruktur analys
• Tillverkningsrekommendation (specifikation)

Mässingskoppling med brottyta
• Undersökning av tvärsnitt i LOM och ASEM,
spänningskorrosion ger information om var och hur
sprickor propageras och om sammansättningen i och runt
sprickorna.
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 6

KIMABs uppdragserbjudande
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 7
Material analys efter brand -
tillståndsbedömning
• Håller stålstruktur efter brand?
• Stopp i trafiken
• Provtagning och analys
• Arbetet utfört på mycket kort tid
• Ingen försämring av stålet, trafik igång igen

Mekanisk
cyklad fog
Tillförlitlighet i lödfogar
Ring-pinne prov: utmattning i
lödfogar på kretskort simuleras
mekaniskt på ett kontrollerat sätt
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 8
QFP ben
Temperatur
cyklad fog

Temperature Cycling - Results
Pb-free joint.
After 2000
temperature
cycles.
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 9

Temperature Cycling - Results
Polarised light used to observe recrystallised regions.
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 10

Vi vill ha analys av det här materialet !!
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 11

Analys med EDS, Mapping
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 12

EDS
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 13

Punktanalys längs linje med kombinerad WDS och EDS
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 14

The GD-OES Spectrometer
Sample mounting
C
N
O
Enlarged An optical view of spectrometer the GD-lamp
with fixed PM-tubes
each detecting a specific
Cr element wavelength
Fe
Al
S
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 15
=> Multielemental
acquisition
The GD source
“Each atomic element emits a number of characteristic photons”

The Analysis Area
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 16

Investigation of diffusion couples
As delivered
5 µm Ni PVD coated on Fe
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 17
Pb - Contamination
950ºC 10 min

Pb - Contamination
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 18

Effect of Pb-Contamination
LOM SEM - BEI
Joints estimated to contain between 2 % - 6 % Pb.
Produced solder alloys with different Pb contents.
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 19

Mechanical Fatigue - Results
Number of Cycles
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
20% Load drop
10% Load drop
5% Load drop
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 20
% Pb
Pb-free
1% Pb
2% Pb
5% Pb
10% Pb
15% Pb
37% Pb

Microstructure - Pb contaminated solder
5 % Pb, after fatigue (approx 1000 cycles)
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 21

Olympus - LEXT - Confocal Microscope
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 22

9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 23
Working Principle

9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 24

Skadefallsexempel
Korrosion i kondensortuber
Utvärdering av punktkorrosion och allmänkorrosion
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 25

9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 26
Volume Measurements
Volume[µm3] Area[µm2] Surface[µm2]
1 206386.6075 110537.9943 132690.224

Profile
measurements
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 27
Width[µm] Height[µm] Length[µm] Angle[Degree]
1 40.4705 37.59 55.2347 42.8867
2 25.8174 26.016 36.652 45.2195
3 283.9916 81.663 295.4997 16.0428

9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 28
Roughness Measurements
2
SRp SRv SRz SRa SRq
1 3.0905 2.668 5.7585 0.7245 0.8983
2 5.0872 4.9664 10.0536 1.0262 1.3084
1

• Corrosion of metals
used in electronics
• Corrosivity classification
• Corrosion sensors
• Electrical contacts
• Shielding joints
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 29
Transmission loss (dB)
-30
-50
-70
-90
-110
-130
-150
Near field measurements
Chromated and unchromated aluminium
Tin plated fingerstock gasket
Nylon screws
10 100 Frequency (MHz) 1 000 10 000

Nötningsoxidation
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 30

Risk för nötningsoxidation –
kontrollerad kraft (mekaniska rörelser)
Spänningsfall över kontakten
Contact voltage drop (mV)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2.0 N
1.98 N
1.97 N 1.95 N 1.9 N 1.7 N 1.5 N
0 100 200 300
Time (s)
400 500 600
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 31

Sn Whiskers - A New-Old Problem
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 32

9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 33
What are Whiskers?
Single crystal filaments that grow from a plated layer.
What do they do?
Cause a threat to electronics via short circuits.

Sn Whiskers - What are they?
Single crystals that grow from a plated layer.
Typical diameter 1-5 µm.
Length 10 µm – 9 mm
Typical growth rate 0.01-0.5 Ås -1 , ~1-3 µm/day
Fast rates 2-6 Ås -1 , ~ 50 µm/day
Incubation time ranges from 1-2 hours to 1+ years
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 34

Sn Whiskers – What is the problem?
Electrically conductive.
Can carry 10mA before burning up
Electrical resistance (3mm long) = 50ohms.
Cause a threat to electronic circuits (short circuits).
Direct threat by growing and connecting/bridging conductive
material e.g leadframes.
Indirect threat, as debris e.g. in cooling systems
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 35

Structures and orientations of whiskers
using SEM and EBSP
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 36

Short whisker
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 37

Properties Investigated by KIMAB
Plating Alloy.
Substrate.
Plating Process.
Temperature.
Stresses.
Accelerated Tests.
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 38

IMC
Bronze IMC
Sn
Brass IMC
Form of Intermetallic
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 39

Max whisker length (µm)
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Effect of plating thickness
arrival 6W 3M 5M 7M 9M 11M
time
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 40
2 µm
7 µm
12 µm
12 µm
7 µm
2 µm
Thickness (µm)

Användning av
FIB (Focused Ion Beam)
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 41

9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 42

9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 43

X-section
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 44

•IMC
•Voids
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 45

9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 46

Cross-section of a whisker
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 47

9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 48

9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 49

9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 50

9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 51

Case Study 1 - A Direct Threat
Millstone Nuclear Power Plant (2005)
Computer circuit card signalled an
unsafe drop in pressure.
Led to an automatic reactor shutdown –
as is standard procedure for such a signal.
However, pressure was in fact OK. A tin whisker had bridged
components causing a short circuit and giving a false signal.
Problem for nuclear industry?
Not only the fact that a short circuit caused an automatic shutdown.
If a Sn whisker could prevent a safety function from occurring.
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 52

Case Study 2 - An Indirect Threat
Raised Floor System
During 1 month a NASA data center experienced 18 “catastrophic”
power failures in newly installed mass memory storage systems.
Existing raised floors tiles (zinc
electroplated steel) had been
growing whiskers.
The activity to install the new
equipment, dislodged these
whiskers.
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 53

Case Study 2 - An Indirect Threat
Raised Floor System
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 54

Contamination?
Oxide?
Clean?
Surface Differences
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 55

Whisker-free
With whiskers
Sn Grain Orientations
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 56

Interkristallint sprödbrott
Brustna skruvar
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 57
Brottytan med SEM
ger info om typ av brott
och möjlig orsak

Brustna skruvar
9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 58
Tvärsnitt med ASEM
struktur, sprickor,
beläggning, ämnesanalys
Zink analyserades
långt inne i sprickan Elektropläterad
zink beläggning

9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 59