See summary of dissertation in English - Baltijos regiono istorijos ir ...

from the late 14 th century – the early 15 th century accelerated the processes
to an even greater degree. Due to the social changes in the mid-
16 th century the legal situation of private manors strengthened and the
circumstances for the growth of their number emerged. The manors of
lords and nobles acquired the administrative and legal (and even financial
in the case of lords) immunity.
The private estates of Lithuania and Samogitia alike distinguished
by large diversity during this period – in terms of both internal organisation
of their size and structure. Historiographical traditions determined
that other elements of the manor as a peculiar economic formation
of that time, which could also be referred to by the terms other
than 'manor' and 'folwark' in the sources, remained outside the scope
of research. Such one-sidedness of historiography encourages the
coming back to the research of the afore-mentioned structures and the
range of problems related to the terminology of the manor. The studies
of such topics and problems may contribute to reducing the vast gap
between the research of economic historiography of Lithuania and
European countries.
3. The existing diversity of land-ownership terminology and the
complexity of their meanings is one of the key problems in the field of
manorial research. The naming of a number of land-ownership objects
by the same historiographical – manor – construct does not only fail to
solve this problem but deepens it to an even greater degree. Due to the
afore-mentioned reasons, two research levels were distinguished in the
analysis of the range of manor-related problems for the first time:
practical or source interpretation previously applied by historians and
theoretical covering the construction of theoretical definitions of the
manor. The latter level has not been discussed in the Lithuanian historiography
to this day.
The analysis revealed that due to the practical source analysis alone
applied in Lithuanian historiography for a long time, the concept of
manor and folwark acquired a slightly different meaning than in other
countries of Central Europe or Western Europe. The hierarchical perception
of manor and folwark applied in our historiography lacks ac-
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