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TABLE 2
Characteristics of <strong>the</strong> Research Designs and Interventions
Study
Adkins &
Axelrod
(2002)
Anderson
(2002)
Charlop-Christy
et al. (2002)
Ganz &
Simpson
(2004)
Heneker &
Page (2003)
Jones (2005)
Kravits et al.
(2002)
Liddle (2001)
Research
Design a Dependent Measures
(S)
Alternative
treatments
(S)
Alternative
treatments
(S)
Multiple
baseline
(S)
Changing
criterion
(S)
O 1XO 2O 3
(S)
O 1XO 2O 3
(S)
Multiple
baseline
(S)
Multiple
baseline
(S)
Changing
criterion
a. Correct responses
b. Mastery rate
c. Most preferred
responding
technique
a. Correct responses
b. Mastery rate
c. Frequency of
initiation
d. Behavior
e. Eye contact
f. Vocalization.
a. Spoken language
b. Socialcommunicative
behavior
c. Problem behavior
a. PECS acquisition
b. Intelligible words
c. Non-word
vocalization
a. Amount of
communication
b. Function of
communication
c. Methods of
communication
d. Level of adult
support
a. Amount of
communication
b. Function of
communication
c. Methods of
communication
d. Level of adult
support
a. Spontaneous
requests
b. Time delay
c. Generalization
The frequency of
spontaneous
language
spondents. The majority of communication
outcomes were measured through two individual
observation reports or through observa-
Natural
Intervention
Setting
PECS acquisition Y
Intervention
Agent
PECS
Phase
Average
Length of
Follow-up Fidelity b Reliability
Y Experimenters N/A* N/A M N/A
N N/A I–III N/A M, O Y
Y Therapists I–VI
10
months
M Y
Y Experimenters I–IV N/A M Y
Y Teachers N/A
Y Teachers N/A
10
months
6
months
C N/A
C N/A
Y N/A I–VI 1 month C, O Y
Y
Teachers
Mo<strong>the</strong>r
Teachers
Speech and
language
<strong>the</strong>rapist
I–III N/A M Y
I–VI N/A C N/A
tional coding of sessions videotapes by two
independent observers. Outcomes assessed included
(a) observer reports of mastery rate of
Functional Communication Intervention / 67