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TABLE 1<br />
Social Stories<br />
The Social Story for Taro<br />
Who is in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> chair of Friday?<br />
I am Taro. I am a boy who loves Bob Sap. I am good at being in chair. I want to be in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> chair of Friday.<br />
But sometimes I am not always in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> chair of Friday because <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> chair comes around in turn. When<br />
everybody complies with <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> turn, everybody feels good because everybody can be fairly in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> chair. The chair of<br />
Friday this week is (student name). (student name) is good at being in chair, too. So, it is OK. I will<br />
comply with <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> turn.<br />
The Social Story for Kenji<br />
Sitting in a cool way<br />
There are cool people <strong>and</strong> n<strong>on</strong>-cool people in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> world. Whe<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>r <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> pers<strong>on</strong> is cool or n<strong>on</strong>-cool depends<br />
<strong>on</strong> how <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> pers<strong>on</strong> does something. I am <strong>on</strong>e of cool people because I write a lunch menu of <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> day<br />
neatly <strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> blackboard <strong>and</strong> I never take a break during morning exercise. When I ate lunch at a hotel,<br />
I did in a good manner. So, many people in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> hotel thought I am cool. Many people around me watch me do<br />
something <strong>and</strong> think I am cool. As for sitting, <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>re are a cool way <strong>and</strong> a n<strong>on</strong>-cool way. Sitting in a cool way<br />
means placing hip all <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> way, making body upright, <strong>and</strong> putting heels near <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> sofa. The points are<br />
shown in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> following figure (line drawing is shown). I will take care of <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> way of sitting.<br />
The Social Story for Tatsunori<br />
Why do I have to wash my h<strong>and</strong>s?<br />
I am Tatsunori, a boy who loves Giants. After toileting, people usually wash <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>ir h<strong>and</strong>s. There are germs in<br />
a bathroom. When people go to a bathroom, germs may be put <strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>ir h<strong>and</strong>s. But, germs are invisible.<br />
If people wash <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>ir h<strong>and</strong>s, most of <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> germs <strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>ir h<strong>and</strong>s are g<strong>on</strong>e. So, people wash <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>ir h<strong>and</strong>s. I<br />
will wash my h<strong>and</strong>s with soap after toileting. Ms. (teacher’s name) thinks <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> pers<strong>on</strong> is wise when <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> pers<strong>on</strong><br />
washes h<strong>and</strong>s after toileting. Mr. (teacher’s name) thinks <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> pers<strong>on</strong> is cool when <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> pers<strong>on</strong> washes h<strong>and</strong>s after<br />
toileting. Ms. (teacher’s name) thinks <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> pers<strong>on</strong> is lovely when <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> pers<strong>on</strong> washes h<strong>and</strong>s after toileting.<br />
Note. The italic parts are perspective sentences that are withdrawn in SS without PS <strong>and</strong> not withdrawn in SS<br />
with PS.<br />
fore, <strong>on</strong>e Social Story c<strong>on</strong>sisted of three or<br />
four pages. One or two sentences <strong>and</strong> <strong>on</strong>e<br />
illustrati<strong>on</strong> were included in <strong>on</strong>e panel. For<br />
Kenji, all texts in both types of stories were<br />
printed <strong>on</strong> <strong>on</strong>e page, with three illustrati<strong>on</strong>s<br />
exhibiting a point of “cool sitting” for each.<br />
The story for Taro was written by <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> primary<br />
investigator <strong>and</strong> modified based <strong>on</strong> feedback<br />
from his teachers <strong>and</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> sec<strong>on</strong>d author,<br />
whereas <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> story for Kenji was written by <strong>on</strong>e<br />
of his teachers <strong>and</strong> modified based <strong>on</strong> feedback<br />
from <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> primary investigator <strong>and</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
sec<strong>on</strong>d author. The teachers c<strong>on</strong>firmed that<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> complexity <strong>and</strong> length of <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> stories were<br />
appropriate for <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> two students.<br />
The text <strong>and</strong> illustrati<strong>on</strong>s of <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Social Story<br />
were printed <strong>on</strong> A4 white paper, which was<br />
later laminated <strong>and</strong> bound by a metal ring <strong>on</strong><br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> upper left-h<strong>and</strong> side. The text, developed<br />
by PowerPoint 2002 TM for Taro <strong>and</strong> by Ichitaro<br />
2005 TM for Kenji, was placed <strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> upper<br />
part of each panel. In <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> illustrati<strong>on</strong>s,<br />
ic<strong>on</strong>s were developed by Hanako 2005 TM <strong>and</strong><br />
digital photographs were retrieved from free<br />
internet sites, with some modificati<strong>on</strong>s, using<br />
Photoshop 6.0 TM . The illustrati<strong>on</strong>s were<br />
placed <strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> lower part of each panel for<br />
Taro <strong>and</strong> of a page for Kenji.<br />
Data Collecti<strong>on</strong><br />
50 / Educati<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong> Training in Developmental Disabilities-March 2008<br />
Taro. For Taro, Voice Trek TM , an integrated<br />
circuit (IC) recorder, was utilized to<br />
record his persistent <strong>and</strong> aggressive verbal behaviors.<br />
The recorder was set by his teachers<br />
in a closet, which was invisible to <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> student<br />
but allowed <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> recorder to catch c<strong>on</strong>versati<strong>on</strong>s<br />
effectively. The recorder was activated<br />
so<strong>on</strong> after Taro entered his classroom each<br />
morning. A 6-minute block was r<strong>and</strong>omly selected<br />
from a 15-minute record in each sessi<strong>on</strong><br />
to be analyzed by <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> primary investigator,<br />
using a 10-sec<strong>on</strong>d partial interval<br />
recording procedure. This observati<strong>on</strong> was<br />
c<strong>on</strong>ducted during <strong>on</strong>ly <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> weeks when Taro<br />
was not in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> chair <strong>on</strong> Friday.