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etadd_46(4) - Division on Autism and Developmental Disabilities

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TABLE 1—(C<strong>on</strong>tinued)<br />

Overview of H<strong>and</strong>held Technology<br />

Research Design Setting Results<br />

Author(s) Participants Target Skill<br />

(Dependent Variable)<br />

Use of PDA with specially<br />

designed software increased<br />

number of steps performed<br />

without adult prompting.<br />

Decrease in durati<strong>on</strong> time<br />

to complete tasks.<br />

School, group<br />

home, retirement<br />

home, restaurant<br />

Multiple probe across<br />

participants<br />

Table setting, rolling<br />

silverware, laundry<br />

Riffel et al. (2005) n 4CA 16-21yrs<br />

Mild to moderate<br />

ID, <strong>Autism</strong><br />

PDA with Video Cues &<br />

H<strong>and</strong>held Video<br />

Players<br />

ABAB Elementary school Increased independent<br />

transiti<strong>on</strong>ing with video<br />

models presented <strong>on</strong><br />

video iPod. Performance<br />

decreased with withdrawal<br />

Transiti<strong>on</strong>s between<br />

school locati<strong>on</strong>s &<br />

activities<br />

n 4CA 6-8yrs<br />

<strong>Autism</strong><br />

Cihak, Fahrenkrog,<br />

Ayres, & Smith (2010)<br />

of video models.<br />

Use of PDA with multiple<br />

prompt levels (audio,<br />

picture, video) resulted in<br />

immediate increase in<br />

independent completi<strong>on</strong> of<br />

cooking recipes. Students<br />

prompts used. Performance<br />

Home living area of<br />

high school<br />

Food preparati<strong>on</strong> Multiple probe across<br />

tasks<br />

n 3CA 15-17yrs<br />

Moderate ID<br />

Mechling, Gast, & Seid<br />

(2010)<br />

484 / Educati<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong> Training in <strong>Autism</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Developmental</strong> <strong>Disabilities</strong>-December 2011<br />

maintained over time.<br />

Use of PDA with multiple<br />

prompt levels (audio,<br />

picture, video) replicated<br />

results of Mechling et al.<br />

(2010) although use &<br />

self-adjustment of prompt<br />

levels differed from<br />

previous findings.<br />

Home living area of<br />

high school<br />

Food preparati<strong>on</strong> Multiple probe across<br />

tasks<br />

n 3CA 16-17yrs<br />

<strong>Autism</strong><br />

Mechling, Gast, & Seid<br />

(2009)

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