A solution and solid state study of niobium complexes University of ...
A solution and solid state study of niobium complexes University of ...
A solution and solid state study of niobium complexes University of ...
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Chapter 2<br />
been reported in literature. Recent studies include work done by Lui et al. 39 who<br />
prepared two new inorganic <strong>niobium</strong> phosphates, [KNbP2O8] <strong>and</strong> [NbPO4F2], by<br />
similar two-step hydrothermal methods.<br />
2.5 Niobium as catalyst<br />
Niobium compounds exhibit unique properties not displayed by the compounds <strong>of</strong><br />
neighbouring elements in the periodic table. These include stability <strong>and</strong> strong metal<br />
support interaction (SMSI) which are all important for the production <strong>of</strong> a catalyst.<br />
Niobium materials are currently <strong>of</strong> great importance in heterogeneous catalysis<br />
where they are used as catalyst components or are added in small amounts to<br />
catalysts. The characterization <strong>of</strong> <strong>niobium</strong> compounds is very important when<br />
considering their catalytic activity <strong>and</strong> for the prediction <strong>of</strong> both their selectivity <strong>and</strong><br />
activity in various reactions. 40<br />
Various functions <strong>of</strong> <strong>niobium</strong> compounds in heterogeneous catalysis: 41,42<br />
Redox Material: One <strong>of</strong> the main applications <strong>of</strong> <strong>niobium</strong>-based catalysis has<br />
been in the area <strong>of</strong> oxidation catalysis. The redox potential <strong>of</strong> niobia (Nb2O5)<br />
enhances the redox properties <strong>of</strong> some metal oxide species (Mo, V, Cr, etc)<br />
supported on Nb2O5. The addition <strong>of</strong> niobia to mixed oxide catalysts can result<br />
in enhanced activity <strong>and</strong> selectivity as displayed in the Bi-Nb-O <strong>and</strong> Nb-Ta<br />
systems. 43,44<br />
Support Effect: Niobium oxide has been used as an oxide support for<br />
numerous metals (Fe, Ru, Re, W, Mo). 45,46 The properties <strong>of</strong> the niobia are<br />
enhanced by the addition <strong>of</strong> these elements, while its high selectivity is<br />
preserved.<br />
39 G. Lui, J. Wang, L. Wang, Inorg. Chem. Comm., 14, 1279, 2011.<br />
40 K. Tanabe, Catal Today, 78, 65, 2003.<br />
41 I. Nowak, M. Ziolek, Chem. Rev., 99, 3603, 1999.<br />
42 M. Ziolek, Catal. Today, 78, 47, 2003.<br />
43 I. E. Wachs, J. Jehng, G. Deo, H. Hu, N. Arora, Catal. Today, 28, 199, 1996.<br />
44 A. Morikawa, A. Togashi, Catal. Today, 16, 333, 1993.<br />
45 M. D. Phadke, E. I. Ko, J. Catal., 100, 503, 1986.<br />
46 J. Jehng, A. M. Turek, I. E. Wachs, Appl. Catal. A, 83, 179, 1992.<br />
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