physicochemical and functional properties of crawfish chitosan as ...

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DMPAC which showed very low EV (0.648 cP) at pH 4.0 (Figure 10). The decrease in EV of DPMCA may relate to low viscosity (1.0 cP) of chitosan itself at unadjusted pH. EV (cps X 1,000) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 (pH) 62 1-DCMPA 2-DMCPA 3-DMPCA 4-DMPAC 5-DPMCA Vanson75 Sigma 91 Figure 10. Emulsion Viscosity Measurement of Crawfish and Commercial Chitosans DCMPA=decolorized, demineralized, deproteinized, deacetylated; DMCPA= demineralized, decolorized, deproteinized, deacetylated; DMPCA= demineralized, deproteinized, decolorized, deacetylated; DMPAC= demineralized, deproteinized, deacetylated, decolorized; and DPMCA= deproteinized, demineralized, decolorized, deacetylated. Commercial chitosans (Vanson75 and Sigma91). Sigma91 showed high emulsion viscosity at pH 2.0 with 52,400 cP and at pH 10.0 with 34,000 cP. Vanson75 showed relatively lower emulsion viscosity than all the modified chitosan samples. At pH 10.0, DCMPA and DMCPA demonstrated decreased emulsion viscosity from 24,642 cP to 14,233 cP and 26,320 cP to 21,518 cP, respectively. This probably can be attributed to the denaturation of protein occurrence when pH was adjusted from 8.0 to 10.0.
CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Throughout the literature on chitosan, the main emphasis is on its quality and physicochemical properties which vary widely with crustacean species and preparation methods. Upon this emphasis, this research study was attempted to prove or dispute these views by conducting similar studies and monitoring the modification of processing protocols of the chitosan production using crawfish shell waste, and to determine whether such modifications had any effect on the various physicochemical and functional properties of chitosans. From our results, we found that specific physicochemical and functional properties of chitosan have affected by process protocol alteration/modification. Change/modification of decoloration (DC) step among four steps for the production of crawfish chitosan affected the physiochemical and functional properties. DCMPA and DMCPA resulted in an increase in molecular weight and ash, respectively. In contrast, DMPCA yielded chitosan with low-viscosity. The most notable change observed with DMPAC was a light brown degraded colored chitosan that exhibited properties of a weak polyelectrolyte. When the process of deacetylation changed its order from the standard method, significant degradation of the chitosan structure occurred, because the process was a very harsh treatment with concentrated sodium hydroxide (40-50%) usually at 100 o C or higher for 30 min. Similarly, when chitosan process started with Deacetylation (DA), the sudden formation of gel, an unknown white polymer with very poor yield was obtained and the process considered unsuccessful. Thus, it is suggested not to conduct this process step for chitosan production. In a similar manner, when demineralization (DM) and deproteinization (DP) were reversed during production, the results did not show much difference except for the low 63
Page 1 and 2:
PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL PROP
Page 3 and 4:
TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Page 5 and 6:
LIST OF TABLES 1. Applications of C
Page 7 and 8:
ABSTRACT Chitosan is made from chit
Page 9 and 10:
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Chitosan is
Page 11 and 12:
Crawfish shell as well as crustacea
Page 13 and 14:
5. Investigate the effect of deacet
Page 15 and 16:
With regards to their chemical stru
Page 17 and 18:
acetic acid. The second advantage i
Page 19 and 20: lower viscosity chitosan obtained f
Page 21 and 22: not deacetylated sufficiently to be
Page 23 and 24: 2.2.8 Emulsification Even though ch
Page 25 and 26: 2.2.10 Formation of Film Chitosan h
Page 27 and 28: Fortunately, the sequence of demine
Page 29 and 30: of the demineralization process. El
Page 31 and 32: 2.4 Factors Affecting Production of
Page 33 and 34: (0.841-0.177 mm) had no effect on t
Page 35 and 36: methods are those of Hackman (1954)
Page 37 and 38: degree of deacetylation, and molecu
Page 39 and 40: 2.6.3 In Medical In the study condu
Page 41 and 42: 2) DM (Demineralization) Depending
Page 43 and 44: analyze. The encapsulated sample wa
Page 45 and 46: and centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 1
Page 47 and 48: with 0.03% Oil-Red-O biological sta
Page 49 and 50: CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Re
Page 51 and 52: The shell was almost impossible to
Page 53 and 54: ut the values were slightly higher
Page 55 and 56: %DD values. Thus, accurate determin
Page 57 and 58: degradation of the chitosan structu
Page 59 and 60: treatment for deproteinization. In
Page 61 and 62: chitosan samples, we arbitrarily de
Page 63 and 64: Amongst the five types of oil used,
Page 65 and 66: - 0.5% chitosan solution only. Even
Page 67 and 68: showed 271 ml/g. All modified chito
Page 69: At 0.1% concentration of chitosan,
Page 73 and 74: REFERENCES Alimuniar and Zainuddin.
Page 75 and 76: pigment concentration in oil extrac
Page 77 and 78: Jeon, Y.J., Shahidi, F., and Kim, S
Page 79 and 80: Utilization of Louisiana Crawfish P
Page 81 and 82: Ogawa, S., Decker, E., McClememts D
Page 83 and 84: Smith, J.P. Simpson, B.K. and Morri
Page 85 and 86: APPENDIX A. DATA OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL
Page 87 and 88: APPENDIX 5. Degree of Deacetylation
Page 89 and 90: Bulk density (g/ml) APPENDIX 9. Bul
Page 91 and 92: WBC (%) 1200.0 1000.0 800.0 600.0 4
Page 93 and 94: APPENDIX 13. Emulsion Capacity Meas
Page 95 and 96: APPENDIX 15. Emulsion Viscosity Mea
Page 97 and 98: APPENDIX 18. DMPCA y = 33.471x + 9.
Page 99 and 100: APPENDIX 21. Vanson 75 y = 21.926x
Page 101 and 102: APPENDIX C. DATA OF DEGREE OF DEACE
Page 103 and 104: APPENDIX 27. DPMCA(control) A1655 =
Page 105 and 106: APPENDIX D. DATA OF AMOUNTS OF OIL
Page 107: VITA The author was born in Taegu,
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