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Innovation and institutional change: the transition to a sustainable ...

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Contents iii<br />

6.4 Liberalisation of <strong>the</strong> green electricity market 174<br />

6.5 Exp<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>the</strong> supply base for green electricity 178<br />

6.6 Explaining momentum for green electricity 180<br />

6.7 Filling <strong>the</strong> <strong>institutional</strong> void: defining green electricity <strong>and</strong><br />

its market 183<br />

6.8 Green electricity as a <strong>transition</strong> path: success <strong>and</strong> failure<br />

fac<strong>to</strong>rs for systems <strong>change</strong> 184<br />

Chapter 7<br />

Exploring <strong>transition</strong>s through socio-technical scenarios 187<br />

7.1 Introduction 187<br />

7.2 Transition <strong>the</strong>ory 189<br />

7.3 Strengths <strong>and</strong> weaknesses in existing scenarios methods 194<br />

7.4 Socio-technical scenarios <strong>and</strong> guidelines for <strong>the</strong>ir construction 194<br />

7.5 Towards a <strong>sustainable</strong> electricity system: illustration of two<br />

<strong>transition</strong> paths 196<br />

7.5.1 1990-2000: The electricity regime opening up 196<br />

7.5.2 Scenario 1: Large scale integration of renewables in <strong>the</strong><br />

electricity regime 198<br />

7.5.3 Scenario 2: Towards distributed generation 202<br />

7.6 The value of STSc for <strong>transition</strong> policy in <strong>the</strong> electricity<br />

domain 205<br />

7.7 Conclusion 206<br />

Chapter 8<br />

Conclusions 209<br />

8.1 Introduction 209<br />

8.2 Evaluation of alternative paths in <strong>the</strong> electricity system 210<br />

8.3 Underst<strong>and</strong>ing momentum in <strong>the</strong> electricity system 217<br />

8.4 Revisiting <strong>the</strong>oretical approaches 221<br />

8.5 Lessons for <strong>transition</strong> policy 226<br />

8.6 Epilogue: <strong>transition</strong> <strong>to</strong> a <strong>sustainable</strong> electricity system 230<br />

References 233<br />

Summary in Dutch 263<br />

About <strong>the</strong> author 269

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