Innovation and institutional change: the transition to a sustainable ...

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Theoretical perspectives 57 permit givers and inspectors who are able to judge whether the delivered information is appropriate but much less so whether a production process could be significantly improved. 2.4.5 Theorising about the role of institutions in systems change However useful the analysis of networks this needs to be accompanied by a larger framework that explains evolution and change in networks. Networks are shaped in processes of co-evolution, for example, they co-evolve with their technologies, in the sense that networks shape the processes of innovation and the evolving technologies shape the networks. Our interest is mainly in the underlying mechanisms that can explain the direction and speed of these processes of co-evolution. The role of institutions and rules is central to these mechanisms: institutions explain how technologies are handled and productively used, i.e. every technology comes with a certain recipe, division of labour and mode of coordination (Nelson, 2002). Institutions can be seen as pieces of fabric that solidify certain ways of doing things and the nature of interactions between actors. These pieces of institutional fabric develop with technology and their networks in a process of co-evolution. Institutions are part of every day’s activities of actors, e.g. when taking a used bottle back to a supermarket there are institutions in place to make sure that deposit money is returned and that the bottles are reused (such as agreements between a variety of companies, laid down in contracts, with some kind of punitive scheme in case of defection). Essentially, these institutions have developed to routines and we don’t have to ponder over this every time we go to the supermarket. The nature of institutions can also create formidable barriers for the introduction of new innovations, especially when these require the creation of new linkages between actors, networks and technologies, and ultimately the creation of new routines. Walker (2000) introduces the term institutional entrapment to explain the difficulty to get out of the nuclear trajectory because of the embedded institutional, technological and economic commitments. While institutions play an important role in providing stability to existing systems, patterns of institutional change may provide the basis for processes of systems change. A sociotechnical system consists of various elements that are aligned and woven together. Institutional changes that represent change in the way an element is structured in the system is followed by adaptive changes in other parts of the system. In essence it is thus possible that a sequence of changes is set into motion that may erode the institutional structures that contribute to the system’s functioning and the underlying practices and may give rise to new ways of doing things.
58 Chapter 2 2.5 Concluding remark This chapter has taken stock of a number of theoretical perspectives relevant for the analysis of systems change. We started from two perspectives, one focussing at theories of innovation and technological change and another assessing institutional theories and their theoretical contribution to systems change. A first conclusion is that innovation oriented theories increasingly integrate institutional aspects into their perspectives in order to explain processes of innovation. Especially for the understanding of more fundamental systems change the role of changing interaction patterns and rule systems are more and more perceived as co-evolving with technological change. A second conclusion is that institutional theories can contribute to the conceptualisation of systems change based on the co-evolution of institutional and technical change. In the following chapter we will build upon these insights and develop a conceptual framework for the empirical part of the book.
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INNOVATION AND INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE
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In de reeks Schone Technologie en M
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Contents Preface v Chapter 1 Transi
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Contents iii 6.4 Liberalisation of
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vi Chapter This dissertation was fa
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2 Chapter 1 systems of production a
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4 Chapter 1 1995: 25). A basic tene
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Page 27 and 28: 16 Chapter 2 ways things were done
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Page 31 and 32: 20 Chapter 2 increasing scale and r
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Page 35 and 36: 24 Chapter 2 exchange of knowledge
Page 37 and 38: 26 Chapter 2 multidirectional flux
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Page 41 and 42: 30 Chapter 2 - Misadaptation betwee
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Page 45 and 46: 34 Chapter 2 New institutionalism i
Page 47 and 48: 36 Chapter 2 production and consump
Page 49 and 50: 38 Chapter 2 Figure 2.3 Model of an
Page 51 and 52: 40 Chapter 2 traditional forms of d
Page 53 and 54: 42 Chapter 2 2.4 Integrating insigh
Page 55 and 56: 44 Chapter 2 2.4.1 Innovation as a
Page 57 and 58: 46 Chapter 2 composition of the net
Page 59 and 60: 48 Chapter 2 its diffusion, to crea
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Page 63 and 64: 52 Chapter 2 - specificity: as an e
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Page 67: 56 Chapter 2 that the introduction
Page 71 and 72: 60 Chapter 3 society. A further sec
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Page 79 and 80: 68 Chapter 3 185). Institutional lo
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Page 83 and 84: 72 Chapter 3 analysts of, the elect
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Page 87 and 88: 76 Chapter 4 In their analysis of t
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Page 93 and 94: 82 Chapter 4 Figure 4.3 Technology
Page 95 and 96: 84 Chapter 4 by pollution, problems
Page 97 and 98: 86 Chapter 4 4.5 The development of
Page 99 and 100: 88 Chapter 4 energy sources. Safegu
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108 Chapter 4 More robust plans for
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110 Chapter 4 Table 4.4 Evolution o
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112 Chapter 4 4.11 The development
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114 Chapter 4 Table 4.6 Evolution o
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116 Chapter 4 Parties involved are
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118 Chapter 4 Figure 4.5 Conversion
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120 Chapter 4 combustion of biomass
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122 Chapter 4 The focus on biomass
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124 Chapter 4 Let us consider other
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126 Chapter 4 varying processes of
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128 Chapter 5 technological and ins
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130 Chapter 5 Figure 5.3: Share of
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132 Chapter 5 and search routines i
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134 Chapter 5 solutions is main con
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136 Chapter 5 and was triggered by
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138 Chapter 5 signalling significan
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140 Chapter 5 Table 5.2 Main change
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142 Chapter 5 1982; Blok, 1991; Bui
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144 Chapter 5 10-12). The third iss
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146 Chapter 5 replaced the focus on
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148 Chapter 5 from 220 MWe in 1990
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150 Chapter 5 and supply. Only afte
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152 Chapter 5 provides an overview
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154 Chapter 5 Prospects for cogener
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156 Chapter 5 the existing system a
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158 Chapter 5 add, not a sufficient
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160 Chapter 5
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162 Chapter 6 signify a process of
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164 Chapter 6 a liberalised market.
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166 Chapter 6 were allowed to produ
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168 Chapter 6 in the municipality o
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170 Chapter 6 became in turn one of
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172 Chapter 6 Table 6.1 Milestones
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174 Chapter 6 6.4 Liberalisation of
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176 Chapter 6 After the opening of
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178 Chapter 6 Renewable Energy Cert
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180 Chapter 6 2001b). The company w
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182 Chapter 6 infancy, energy compa
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184 Chapter 6 What is striking that
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186 Chapter 6
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188 Chapter 7 meaning, infrastructu
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190 Chapter 7 Figure 7.2 Social gro
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192 Chapter 7 Figure 7.3 A dynamic
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194 Chapter 7 7.3 Strengths and wea
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196 Chapter 7 Table 7.3 shows that
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198 Chapter 7 The process of libera
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200 Chapter 7 towards resource inde
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202 Chapter 7 improvement of cable
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204 Chapter 7 project. The high ene
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206 Chapter 7 of the promising nich
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208 Chapter 7
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210 Chapter 8 gain stability as a c
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212 Chapter 8 with the application
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214 Chapter 8 Table 8.2 Institution
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216 Chapter 8 growth rates of insta
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218 Chapter 8 This involved changes
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220 Chapter 8 contributes to a bett
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222 Chapter 8 decisions and rates o
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224 Chapter 8 The applicability of
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226 Chapter 8 8.5 Lessons for trans
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228 Chapter 8 ideas. Moreover, the
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230 Chapter 8 and decentral cogener
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232 Chapter 8
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234 References Arentsen, M.J., and
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236 References Bressers, H.Th.A. an
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238 References De Jong, J.J., E. We
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240 References EPRI (1999) Electric
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242 References Geels, F.W. (2002b)
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244 References Henderson, R.M. and
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246 References Islas, J. (1999) The
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248 References Dependence and Creat
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250 References Nelson, R.R. (1995a)
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252 References Quarles van Ufford,
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254 References Schmidheiny S. (1992
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256 References SNM (2000) Frisse Wi
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258 References Van de Ven, A.H. and
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260 References VROM (1993) National
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262 References
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264 Samenvatting analytisch kader d
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266 Samenvatting maar toch een grot
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268 Samenvatting
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