ASEAN and Trafficking in Persons - IOM Publications - International ...
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<strong>ASEAN</strong> <strong>and</strong><br />
<strong>Traffick<strong>in</strong>g</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>Persons</strong><br />
Us<strong>in</strong>g Data as a Tool to Combat<br />
<strong>Traffick<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Persons</strong>
<strong>ASEAN</strong> <strong>and</strong> Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>Persons</strong><br />
USING DATA AS A TOOL TO COMBAT TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS
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<strong>ASEAN</strong> AND TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS: USING DATA AS A TOOL TO COMBAT TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS
Contents<br />
ANNEXES<br />
Acknowledgments vii<br />
Foreword viii<br />
Introduction ix<br />
Tables, Figure <strong>and</strong> Boxes xi<br />
Acronyms xii<br />
I Towards Best Practice Pr<strong>in</strong>ciples for Data on Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g 1<br />
I.1 Background 2<br />
I.2 Th e Start<strong>in</strong>g Po<strong>in</strong>t: What is “Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g”? 2<br />
I.3 Th e Diff erence between “Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g” <strong>and</strong> “Migrant Smuggl<strong>in</strong>g” 3<br />
I.4 What is “Data on Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g”? 4<br />
I.5 Best Practice Pr<strong>in</strong>ciples for Data on Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g 4<br />
II Th e Country Studies 11<br />
II.1 About the Country Studies 12<br />
II.2 Research Underly<strong>in</strong>g the Country Studies 12<br />
II.3 Research Challenges 13<br />
III Country Study: Cambodia 15<br />
III.1 Background 16<br />
III.2 Government Data Collection Practices <strong>in</strong> Cambodia 16<br />
III.2.1 M<strong>in</strong>istry of Interior 18<br />
III.2.1.1 LEASECT Database 18<br />
III.2.1.2 Secured Regional Information Shar<strong>in</strong>g Initiative 19<br />
III.2.2 M<strong>in</strong>istry of Justice (MOJ) 20<br />
III.2.3 M<strong>in</strong>istry of Social Aff airs, Veterans <strong>and</strong> Youth Rehabilitation (MoSVY) 21<br />
III.2.3.1 Coord<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>and</strong> Documentation Center 21<br />
III.2.3.2 “Child-Protection.<strong>in</strong>fo” Offi ce 22<br />
III.2.3.3 TSEC Database 23<br />
III.2.4 M<strong>in</strong>istry of Women’s Aff airs (MoWA) 24<br />
III.2.4.1 Counter-Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g Information Campaign 24<br />
III.2.4.2 Case Management Database 25<br />
III.3 Issues Identifi ed 26<br />
III.3.1 Defi nitions 26<br />
III.3.2 Limits of Exist<strong>in</strong>g IT 27<br />
III.3.3 Th e Need to Build Capacity <strong>in</strong> Information Management 27<br />
III.3.4 Towards Integrated Data on Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g 27<br />
IV Country Study: Indonesia 31<br />
IV.1 Background 32<br />
IV.2 Government Data Collection Practices <strong>in</strong> Indonesia 32<br />
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IV.2.1 State M<strong>in</strong>istry of Women Empowerment (MWE) 33<br />
IV.2.2 Coord<strong>in</strong>at<strong>in</strong>g M<strong>in</strong>istry on People’s Welfare 34<br />
IV.2.3 Department of Social Aff airs (DSA) 35<br />
IV.2.4 Department of Manpower <strong>and</strong> Transmigration (DMT) 36<br />
IV.2.5 Directorate General of Immigration (DGIM) 38<br />
IV.2.6 Indonesian National Police 39<br />
IV.3 Issues Identifi ed 41<br />
IV.3.1 Th e Need for Primary Data 41<br />
IV.3.2 Defi nitions <strong>and</strong> Data Categorization 41<br />
IV.3.3 Data not Comparable 43<br />
IV.3.4 Data Collected for Diff erent Objectives 43<br />
IV.3.5 Unrecorded Data 43<br />
IV.3.6 Data Validity 45<br />
IV.3.7 Use of Secondary Data 45<br />
IV.3.8 Problems with Cooperation <strong>and</strong> Coord<strong>in</strong>ation 46<br />
IV.3.9 Lack of Resources 47<br />
IV.3.10 Decentralization <strong>and</strong> its Eff ects on Data Collection 47<br />
IV.3.11 Case Identifi cation <strong>and</strong> H<strong>and</strong>l<strong>in</strong>g 48<br />
IV.3.12 Build<strong>in</strong>g Capacity <strong>in</strong> Information Management 48<br />
IV.3.13 Build<strong>in</strong>g Capacity <strong>in</strong> Data H<strong>and</strong>l<strong>in</strong>g 48<br />
IV.3.14 Improv<strong>in</strong>g IT 49<br />
V Country Study: Th e Philipp<strong>in</strong>es 51<br />
V.I Background 52<br />
V.2 Government Data Collection Practices <strong>in</strong> the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es 52<br />
V.2.1 Department of Justice (DoJ) 53<br />
V.2.2 National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) 54<br />
V.2.3 Philipp<strong>in</strong>e National Police (PNP) 55<br />
V.2.4 Philipp<strong>in</strong>e Overseas Employment Adm<strong>in</strong>istration (POEA) 57<br />
V.2.5 Offi ce of the Undersecretary for Migrant Workers’ Aff airs (UMWA), Department of<br />
Foreign Aff airs 59<br />
V.2.6 Department of Social Welfare <strong>and</strong> Development (DSWD) 60<br />
V.2.7 Philipp<strong>in</strong>e Center on Transnational Crime 62<br />
V.3 Issues Identifi ed 64<br />
V.3.1 Legal <strong>and</strong> Practical Issues 64<br />
V.3.2 Double Count<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> Under-report<strong>in</strong>g 64<br />
V.3.3 Questions About Reliability of Data 65<br />
V.3.4 Th e Need to Improve Agency Data Skills 65<br />
V.3.5 Agency Practices are not Geared towards Collect<strong>in</strong>g Data on Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g 65<br />
V.3.6 Towards Integrated Data on Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g 66<br />
VI Country Study: Th ail<strong>and</strong> 67<br />
VI.1 Background 68<br />
VI.2 Government Data Collection Practices <strong>in</strong> Th ail<strong>and</strong> 68
ANNEXES<br />
VI.2.1 Royal Th ai Police 69<br />
VI.2.2 Immigration Bureau 71<br />
VI.2.3 Offi ce of the Attorney-General 73<br />
VI.2.4 Department of Social Development <strong>and</strong> Welfare (DSW) 74<br />
VI.3 Issues Identifi ed 76<br />
VI.3.1 Inadequacies of the Legal Framework 76<br />
VI.3.2 Double Count<strong>in</strong>g 77<br />
VI.3.3 Reliance on Law Enforcement to Identify Victims 77<br />
VI.3.4 Lack of Analysis <strong>and</strong> Report<strong>in</strong>g of Useful Data 78<br />
VI.3.5 Problems with Shar<strong>in</strong>g Data 78<br />
VI.3.6 Data Protection, Privacy <strong>and</strong> Confi dentiality 78<br />
VI.3.7 Towards Integrated Data on Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g 78<br />
VII Lessons Learned <strong>and</strong> the Way Forward 81<br />
VII.1 Common Challenges 82<br />
VII.1.1 Defi nitions 82<br />
VII.1.2 Data cannot be Integrated 82<br />
VII.1.3 Poor Communication between Agencies 82<br />
VII.1.4 Gaps <strong>in</strong> Data Collection 82<br />
VII.1.5 Under-report<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> Over-report<strong>in</strong>g 83<br />
VII.1.6 Privacy <strong>and</strong> Confi dentiality not Protected 83<br />
VII.1.7 No Oversight of “Data on Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g” 83<br />
VII.1.8 Lack of Properly Designed Information Systems 84<br />
VII.1.9 Recogniz<strong>in</strong>g the Problems <strong>and</strong> Committ<strong>in</strong>g to Action 84<br />
VII.2 Th e Way Forward 85<br />
VII.2.1 Underst<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Implement the Best Practice Pr<strong>in</strong>ciples 85<br />
VII.2.2 Clarify Laws <strong>and</strong> Policies on Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g 86<br />
VII.2.3 Introduce Oversight of “Data on Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g” 86<br />
VII.2.4 Improve Communication 86<br />
VII.2.5 Tra<strong>in</strong> Offi cials <strong>in</strong> Identify<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> H<strong>and</strong>l<strong>in</strong>g Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g Cases 87<br />
VII.2.6 Focus on Build<strong>in</strong>g Eff ective Information Systems 87<br />
VII.2.7 Protect Personal Information 88<br />
VII.2.8 Work with <strong>ASEAN</strong> Neighbours to Agree on Fundamentals 88<br />
Annexes 91<br />
Annex 1 Summary of Data Collected by Country <strong>and</strong> Agency 92<br />
Cambodia<br />
Annex 2 Data Sheet Used by M<strong>in</strong>istry of Justice to Collect Data on Crim<strong>in</strong>al Cases <strong>in</strong> Cambodia 102<br />
Annex 3 Screen<strong>in</strong>g Interview Questionnaire Used by the Counter-Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g Information Campaign 108<br />
Indonesia<br />
Annex 4 Example: Statistics of Women Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g, 2000-2005, Crim<strong>in</strong>al Investigation Division, INP 115<br />
Annex 5 Example: Report<strong>in</strong>g Form Used by Indonesian National Police: Case Reports of Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>Persons</strong>, Regional Police Offi ces <strong>in</strong> Indonesia, 2002-2005 116<br />
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<strong>ASEAN</strong> AND TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS: USING DATA AS A TOOL TO COMBAT TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS<br />
Annex 6 Example: Table Issued by Department of Social Aff airs: Data on Return<strong>in</strong>g Ab<strong>and</strong>oned Workers<br />
<strong>and</strong> Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g Victims, 2002-2005 117<br />
Annex 7 <strong>IOM</strong> Indonesia Screen<strong>in</strong>g Form Used at Recovery Centres for Victims of Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g 118<br />
Th ail<strong>and</strong><br />
Annex 8 Prelim<strong>in</strong>ary Identifi cation Form Used by Royal Th ai Police <strong>and</strong> Immigration Bureau 124<br />
Annex 9 Report Form PorDorSor. 1/48, Used by Royal Th ai Police 127<br />
Annex 10 Additional Report Form PorDorSor. 1/48, Used by Royal Th ai Police 128<br />
Annex 11 Format Used by Th ai Police Stations to Submit Monthly Reports of Aggregate Data on Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Cases to the Women <strong>and</strong> Child Division (Royal Th ai Police) 129<br />
Annex 12 Form Used by Immigration Bureau: Memor<strong>and</strong>um of Prelim<strong>in</strong>ary Identifi cation to Separate<br />
Human Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g Victim 130<br />
Annex 13 Example: Monthly Statistic Report on Identifi cation of Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g Victim of Women <strong>and</strong><br />
Children Migrants to Immigration Headquarters 131<br />
Annex 14 Report Form Used by Attorney-General’s Offi ce to Report Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g Prosecutions 133<br />
Annex 15 Examples of Types of Data Included <strong>in</strong> Summary Tables Generated by the Kredtrakan<br />
Vocational Centre, for Shelter’s Monthly Operations Summary, Us<strong>in</strong>g Data Collected by the<br />
Traffi cked Person Case Interview Report 134<br />
General Information<br />
Annex 16 <strong>ASEAN</strong> Workshop on Improv<strong>in</strong>g Data on Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g 135<br />
Annex 17 Recommendations of the SOMTC Work<strong>in</strong>g Group Meet<strong>in</strong>g on Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>Persons</strong> Particularly<br />
Women <strong>and</strong> Children 136<br />
Bibliography 139
Acknowledgments<br />
ANNEXES<br />
Th e research for this project was managed by <strong>International</strong> Organization for Migration (<strong>IOM</strong>), <strong>in</strong> collaboration with<br />
<strong>ASEAN</strong>. Th e project was funded by the United States government.<br />
Th is report was written by Fiona David with the assistance of Syahgena Ardhila <strong>and</strong> Krist<strong>in</strong> Dadey. Th e country<br />
studies are based on reports researched <strong>and</strong> written by:<br />
Ken White (Pr<strong>in</strong>cipal, Prefer Soft ware) <strong>and</strong> Suon Visal (Attorney, Phnom Penh, Cambodia).<br />
Medel<strong>in</strong>a Hendytio, Dr Vidhy<strong>and</strong>ika Jati Perkasa, Made Leo Wiratmat, F. Andrea, Ud<strong>in</strong> Silallahi <strong>and</strong> Lia Suntoso<br />
(Center for Strategic <strong>and</strong> <strong>International</strong> Studies, Jakarta, Indonesia).<br />
Associate Professor Violeda Acosta Umali, Elma Laguna, Emerson Bañez, Mark Javelosa (University of the<br />
Philipp<strong>in</strong>es, Manila, the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es).<br />
Nippita Pukdeetanakul (Attorney, Bangkok, Th ail<strong>and</strong>).<br />
<strong>IOM</strong> would like to thank ECPAT <strong>International</strong> (Bangkok), <strong>and</strong> Fight Aga<strong>in</strong>st Child Exploitation (Th ail<strong>and</strong>) for<br />
provid<strong>in</strong>g background research material on Th ail<strong>and</strong>. <strong>IOM</strong> would also like to thank the professional <strong>and</strong> dedicated<br />
staff at the <strong>ASEAN</strong> Secretariat for their support <strong>and</strong> assistance with this project.<br />
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<strong>ASEAN</strong> AND TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS: USING DATA AS A TOOL TO COMBAT TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS<br />
Foreword<br />
Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> persons is a crime. Th e perpetrators of this crime must be stopped. Th e victims have to be protected<br />
<strong>and</strong> cared for.<br />
<strong>ASEAN</strong> member countries have committed themselves to the fi ght aga<strong>in</strong>st traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> persons. Th is <strong>in</strong>cludes<br />
commitments to work together to prevent traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g, to identify <strong>and</strong> protect the victims, <strong>and</strong> to ensure that<br />
off enders are punished. <strong>ASEAN</strong> member countries are work<strong>in</strong>g hard to put these commitments <strong>in</strong>to action, through<br />
mechanisms such as the Senior Offi cials Meet<strong>in</strong>g on Transnational Crime (SOMTC) <strong>and</strong> the Director-General of<br />
Immigration Departments <strong>and</strong> Heads of Consular Aff airs Divisions of the M<strong>in</strong>istries of Foreign Aff airs Meet<strong>in</strong>g<br />
(DGICM) that <strong>in</strong>itiated this Report.<br />
To succeed <strong>in</strong> the fi ght aga<strong>in</strong>st such traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>ASEAN</strong> member countries need access to the best possible<br />
<strong>in</strong>formation. Th is <strong>in</strong>cludes the raw data about the traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g situation, <strong>and</strong> the <strong>in</strong>formation <strong>and</strong> knowledge this can<br />
generate about “what will work” to prevent traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g, protect victims <strong>and</strong> prosecute traffi ckers.<br />
Four <strong>ASEAN</strong> member countries, namely Cambodia, Indonesia, the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es <strong>and</strong> Th ail<strong>and</strong>, allowed external<br />
researchers to exam<strong>in</strong>e <strong>and</strong> assess their <strong>in</strong>ternal processes of data collection. Th is demonstrates their commitment<br />
to cont<strong>in</strong>ual improvement. Th e results of the research are compell<strong>in</strong>g. Th ere is clearly an urgent need to improve<br />
exist<strong>in</strong>g data on traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g so that we can more fully underst<strong>and</strong> the traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g situation, <strong>and</strong> develop responses<br />
that are eff ective <strong>and</strong> effi cient. Th is report is the fi rst step <strong>in</strong> gett<strong>in</strong>g access to better data <strong>and</strong> ultimately better<br />
<strong>in</strong>formation <strong>and</strong> knowledge about traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> persons.<br />
I am therefore pleased to present <strong>ASEAN</strong> <strong>and</strong> Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>Persons</strong>: Us<strong>in</strong>g Data as a Tool to Combat Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>Persons</strong> with the hope that it will support the development of appropriate, accurate, <strong>and</strong> susta<strong>in</strong>able data collection<br />
on such traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>ASEAN</strong>. Th e <strong>in</strong>formation will help arm decision makers with eff ective tools they need to make<br />
important decisions about how to combat traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
I would like to thank the Department of State of the United States of America, the <strong>International</strong> Organization for<br />
Migration (<strong>IOM</strong>) <strong>and</strong> all those who contributed to this valuable output.<br />
ONG KENG YONG<br />
Secretary-General of <strong>ASEAN</strong>
Introduction<br />
<strong>ASEAN</strong> member countries are committed to prevent<strong>in</strong>g traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> persons, punish<strong>in</strong>g off enders, <strong>and</strong><br />
protect<strong>in</strong>g victims of traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g. Th ese commitments are expressed <strong>in</strong> the <strong>ASEAN</strong> Declaration aga<strong>in</strong>st<br />
Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>Persons</strong>, especially Women <strong>and</strong> Children, the <strong>ASEAN</strong> Declaration aga<strong>in</strong>st Transnational<br />
Crime, <strong>and</strong> the <strong>ASEAN</strong> Vision 2020. Also, several <strong>ASEAN</strong> member countries have ratifi ed the UN Convention<br />
aga<strong>in</strong>st Transnational Crime <strong>and</strong> the UN Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g Protocol.<br />
<strong>ASEAN</strong> member countries are tak<strong>in</strong>g many practical steps to combat traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g. For example, several countries<br />
<strong>in</strong> the region have specifi c anti-traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g laws, <strong>and</strong> some even have specialist anti-traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g police units.<br />
Several countries have, or are seek<strong>in</strong>g, agreements with their neighbours to facilitate return <strong>and</strong> re<strong>in</strong>tegration<br />
of victims. Th ese, <strong>and</strong> many other examples of good practices from the <strong>ASEAN</strong> region, can be found <strong>in</strong> <strong>ASEAN</strong>’s<br />
fi rst report on traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>ASEAN</strong> Responses to Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>Persons</strong>: End<strong>in</strong>g Impunity for Traffi ckers <strong>and</strong><br />
Secur<strong>in</strong>g Justice for Victims (2006).<br />
<strong>ASEAN</strong> member countries are always look<strong>in</strong>g for ways to improve their response to traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> persons.<br />
However, these eff orts are be<strong>in</strong>g held back by a lack of relevant, reliable data on traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g. Recogniz<strong>in</strong>g this<br />
problem, <strong>in</strong> 2005, the <strong>ASEAN</strong> member countries commissioned <strong>IOM</strong> to conduct a pilot research project to<br />
identify “best practice” <strong>in</strong> data collection on traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>and</strong> to prepare a situation report on data collection by<br />
government agencies <strong>in</strong> four <strong>ASEAN</strong> member countries (Cambodia, Indonesia, the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es <strong>and</strong> Th ail<strong>and</strong>).<br />
Th is report presents the fi nd<strong>in</strong>gs of that research.<br />
Th is report refl ects the work of four national research teams, based <strong>in</strong> Phnom Penh, Jakarta, Manila <strong>and</strong><br />
Bangkok, <strong>and</strong> two central research staff , based at the <strong>ASEAN</strong> Secretariat <strong>in</strong> Jakarta. It analyzes <strong>in</strong>formation<br />
obta<strong>in</strong>ed through reviews of the exist<strong>in</strong>g literature, <strong>in</strong>terviews with government offi cials, <strong>and</strong> exam<strong>in</strong>ation of<br />
government documents, such as <strong>in</strong>take forms <strong>and</strong> annual reports. Th e report would not have been possible<br />
without the assistance <strong>and</strong> cooperation of the four host governments – Cambodia, Indonesia, the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es<br />
<strong>and</strong> Th ail<strong>and</strong>.<br />
Th e fi rst chapter of the report takes the issue of “data on traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g” back to basic pr<strong>in</strong>ciples. What is “data on<br />
traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g”? Why do we need it? How <strong>and</strong> where do we get it? Draw<strong>in</strong>g on the literature from traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g, crime<br />
prevention, statistics, <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>formation management, this chapter identifi es <strong>and</strong> discusses several best practice<br />
pr<strong>in</strong>ciples that should assist governments want<strong>in</strong>g to improve their data on traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> persons.<br />
Chapters 2 to 6 look at the data presently available from government sources <strong>in</strong> the four countries studied by this<br />
project: Cambodia, Indonesia, the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es <strong>and</strong> Th ail<strong>and</strong>. Th ey describe data collection practices of the four<br />
countries, <strong>and</strong> highlight some of the issues that need to be addressed <strong>in</strong> order to improve data on traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g over<br />
time. A summary of the <strong>in</strong>formation gathered can be found <strong>in</strong> Annex 1.<br />
Th e report’s fi nal chapter discusses lessons learned from the country studies, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g common challenges<br />
fac<strong>in</strong>g each of the four countries. Th ese challenges suggest practical solutions that are potentially relevant to all<br />
<strong>ASEAN</strong> member countries want<strong>in</strong>g to improve their data on traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g. Th is chapter <strong>in</strong>cludes recommendations<br />
that can be adopted at the agency level, at the national level, <strong>and</strong> also at the <strong>ASEAN</strong> level. It is hoped that by<br />
ANNEXES<br />
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<strong>ASEAN</strong> AND TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS: USING DATA AS A TOOL TO COMBAT TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS<br />
putt<strong>in</strong>g these recommendations <strong>in</strong>to practice, the <strong>ASEAN</strong> member countries will move closer towards their objective<br />
of hav<strong>in</strong>g the <strong>in</strong>formation <strong>and</strong> knowledge they need to combat traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g eff ectively.<br />
STEVE COOK<br />
Chief of Mission<br />
<strong>IOM</strong> Indonesia
Tables, Figure <strong>and</strong> Boxes<br />
ANNEXES<br />
Tables<br />
1 Government m<strong>in</strong>istries <strong>and</strong> departments deal<strong>in</strong>g with traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g – Cambodia 17<br />
2 Summary of deportation cases – Indonesia, 2003-2004 39<br />
3 Categories of data used by three government agencies – Indonesia 42<br />
4 Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> persons, as reported to INP’s Crim<strong>in</strong>al Investigation Division – Indonesia, 2002-2005 44<br />
5 Victims of traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g (VOT) assisted by recovery centers <strong>in</strong> police hospitals – Indonesia,<br />
March 2005-October 2006 44<br />
6 Reports accepted by CID (INP) 45<br />
7 Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> persons – Indonesia, 1999-2004 45<br />
Figure<br />
1 Steps <strong>in</strong> mak<strong>in</strong>g an <strong>in</strong>formation system 8<br />
Boxes<br />
1 What are the elements of traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> persons? 3<br />
2 What is data? 4<br />
3 Why do <strong>ASEAN</strong> member countries need traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g data? 5<br />
4 What sort of data do <strong>ASEAN</strong> member countries need? 5<br />
5 What is an “<strong>in</strong>formation system”? 8<br />
6 <strong>ASEAN</strong> <strong>and</strong> best practice for data collection on traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g 9<br />
7 Sett<strong>in</strong>g up a reconciliation platform 28<br />
8 Th e Transnational Crime Coord<strong>in</strong>ation Center 40<br />
9 Best practice pr<strong>in</strong>ciples 85<br />
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Acronyms<br />
General<br />
AIC Australian Institute of Crim<strong>in</strong>ology<br />
ARCPPT Asia Regional Cooperation to Prevent People Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>ASEAN</strong> Association of South-East Asian Nations<br />
CTM Counter-Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g Module (developed by <strong>IOM</strong>)<br />
ECPAT End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography <strong>and</strong> Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g of Children for Sexual<br />
Purposes<br />
FACE Fight Aga<strong>in</strong>st Child Exploitation<br />
ILO <strong>International</strong> Labour Offi ce<br />
<strong>IOM</strong> <strong>International</strong> Organization for Migration<br />
MOU Memor<strong>and</strong>um of Underst<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g<br />
NGO Non-governmental organization<br />
TAF Th e Asia Foundation<br />
UN United Nations<br />
UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund<br />
UNIAP United Nations Inter-Agency Project<br />
UNODC United Nations Offi ce on Drugs <strong>and</strong> Crime<br />
UN Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g Protocol UN Resolution No.55/25 of November 15, 2000 - “UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress<br />
<strong>and</strong> Punish Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>Persons</strong> Especially Women <strong>and</strong> Children, supplement<strong>in</strong>g the<br />
United Nations Convention aga<strong>in</strong>st Trans-national Organized Crime”<br />
Cambodia<br />
CDC Project Coord<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>and</strong> Documentation Center Project<br />
CNCC Cambodian National Council for Children<br />
CRIN Child Rights Information Network<br />
CSEC Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children<br />
DAHTJP Department of Anti-Human Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> Juvenile Protection<br />
LEASECT Law Enforcement Aga<strong>in</strong>st Sexual Exploitation of Children <strong>and</strong> Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g<br />
MoCR M<strong>in</strong>istry of Cults <strong>and</strong> Religions<br />
MoEYS M<strong>in</strong>istry of Education, Youth <strong>and</strong> Sport<br />
MoFA M<strong>in</strong>istry of Foreign Aff airs<br />
MoH M<strong>in</strong>istry of Health<br />
MoI M<strong>in</strong>istry of Interior<br />
MoJ M<strong>in</strong>istry of Justice<br />
MoL M<strong>in</strong>istry of Labor<br />
MoP M<strong>in</strong>istry of Plann<strong>in</strong>g<br />
MoPWT M<strong>in</strong>istry of Public Works <strong>and</strong> Transport<br />
MoSVY M<strong>in</strong>istry of Social Aff airs, Veterans <strong>and</strong> Youth Rehabilitation<br />
MoT M<strong>in</strong>istry of Tourism<br />
MoWA M<strong>in</strong>istry of Women’s Aff airs<br />
MPI Migration Policy Institute
PDWA Prov<strong>in</strong>cial Department of Women’s Aff airs<br />
RGC Royal Government of Cambodia<br />
TSEC Info Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> Sexual Exploitation of Children Information Database<br />
VBA Village based activities<br />
VPN Virtual Private Network<br />
ANNEXES<br />
Indonesia<br />
B<strong>in</strong>wasker (Directorate General for the Development of Industrial Relations <strong>and</strong> Labor Inspection)<br />
BPS-Statistics Indonesia Biro Pusat Statistik (Indonesia Central Bureau of Statistics)<br />
CID Crim<strong>in</strong>al Investigation Division<br />
CMPW Coord<strong>in</strong>at<strong>in</strong>g M<strong>in</strong>istry for People’s Welfare<br />
DGIM Directorate General of Immigration<br />
DMT Department of Manpower <strong>and</strong> Transmigration<br />
DSA Department of Social Aff airs<br />
INP Indonesian National Police<br />
KOPBUMI Konsorsium Pembela Buruh Migran Indonesia (Consortium for Indonesian Migrant<br />
Workers Advocacy)<br />
LP Laporan Polisi (Police Report)<br />
MWE M<strong>in</strong>istry of Women Empowerment<br />
Polda Police Offi ce at Prov<strong>in</strong>ce level<br />
Polres Police Offi ce at District level<br />
Polsek Police Offi ce at Sub-district level<br />
PPT Pusat Pelayanan Terpadu (Integrated Service Center)<br />
PTKLN Pemb<strong>in</strong>aan dan Penempatan Tenaga Kerja ke Luar Negeri (Directorate General of<br />
Overseas Employment Development)<br />
RPK Ruang Pelayanan Khusus (Women’s Help Desk <strong>in</strong> Police Stations)<br />
SAKERNAS Survey Tenaga Kerja Nasional (National Labor Force Survey)<br />
Philipp<strong>in</strong>es<br />
CFO Commission for Filip<strong>in</strong>os Overseas<br />
DFA Department of Foreign Aff airs<br />
DOJ Department of Justice<br />
DOLE Department of Labor <strong>and</strong> Employment<br />
DSWD Department of Social Welfare <strong>and</strong> Development<br />
IACAT Inter-Agency Committee aga<strong>in</strong>st Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g<br />
NBI National Bureau of Investigation<br />
NSO National Statistics Offi ce<br />
PCTC Philipp<strong>in</strong>e Center for Transnational Crime<br />
PNP Philipp<strong>in</strong>e National Police<br />
POEA Philipp<strong>in</strong>e Overseas Employment Agency<br />
POLO Philipp<strong>in</strong>e Overseas Labor Offi ce<br />
Thail<strong>and</strong><br />
BACKBONE Programme Integrated <strong>and</strong> Computerized Human Traffi ck<strong>in</strong>g Database/Data Collection System<br />
DSW Department of Social Development <strong>and</strong> Welfare<br />
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