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THE SAXON LAND CHARTERS OF WILTSHIRE. I ~J\ Wood stands. The pond must have stood on or near this ridge. 1 4. Thanon on Throe Mere : ' Then to Drain Pond.' 2 This would be a pond supplied, like other ponds in this dry region, from the surface drainage of the neighbouring land. The pond survives as Rockmoor Pond at the NW. corner of Linkenholt parish, and at the end of a SW. extension of Combe Wood, and at the place where the three counties of Wilts., Berks, and Hants meet. 5. Thanon on Thyrran Maerae : ' Then to Dry Pond.' This pond is mentioned in the Hurstbourne charter. It is probable that it stood at that bend in the S. by. of Buttermere f m. SSW. of White Farm (OMi). (From this point onwards the survey gives the bounds of Buttermere only.) 6. Thanon on Erthlandes Hege : ' Then to the Hedge of the Plough Land.' 7. Thanon on Balderaes Lege : ' Then to Balder's Lea.' 8. Thanon on Bares Stigan : ' Then to (Bar's ?) Path.' 3 9. Thanon on Clophangran (? read Clofhangran) 4 : ' Then to the Hanging Wood where bulbs grow.' 10. Thanon on Readan Die : ' Then to (the) Red Dyke.' 11. Thanon on Oswaldes Mere midneweardne : 'Then to Oswald's Pond (to the middle of one side of it ?).' 12. Of, etc. on tha Beee : ' From Oswald's Pond to the Intermittent Stream.' 13. On Crawancumb ofeweardne·. 'To Crow Combe from its upper side.' 14. Thanon on Trydding Leage ufeweardne ·. ' Then to . . . Lea from its upper side.' 15. Thanon on Throe Mere : ' Then to Drain Pond.' On two of these landmarks, 6-15, light is thrown by the 1 In the present charter we have four such references to such meres or ponds. In the neighbouring Hurstbourne Tarrant charter five such ponds are mentioned, two of which are also mentioned in this charter. The occurrence of numerous ponds on high dry land such as this may seem at first strange ; but as a fact, the making of small artificial rainwater ponds in such a region would be necessary for cattle pasture; and also at the present day such ponds exist in the region, and the traces of preexisting ones are apparent. 2 This suggestion as to the meaning of Throe, which appears as Thuroc or Thorc in the Hurstbourne charter, comes from Dr. Henry Bradley. He thinks that it is connected with the dialectic ' thurrock,' which occurs as a place-name, and means a ' drain.' Cf. also the place-name Throckmorton. 3 From the denotation of Amtiga in the charters I am inclined to think that it meant a path up a hill. 4 There is no such word as clop known in AS.
THE SAXON LAND CHARTERS OF WILTSHIRE. I ~J\ Ham charters B.677, viz. Bares Stiga of 8, which is the Bares Anstiga of Ham, and Oswaldes Mere which was almost certainly near the Oswaldes Beorh of Ham. Comparison of the two charters would point to the track which runs up to Town Farm (OMi) from the W. as being on the line of Bares Stiga ; and, as Oswald's Barrow is undoubtedly the barrow or tumulus marked (OMi) at the SE. corner of Ham, Oswald's Pond must have been on the Buttermere by. near that point. As to Crawancumb of 13, there is no doubt that it was the great combe which runs through the SE. part of the parish between Buttermere Wood (OMi) and Combe Wood (OMi) ; and Trydding Leah must therefore have been on the high ground S. of the combe, and N. of Rockmoor Pond of 15. The Erthlandes Hege of 6 was probably at the SW. corner of the parish, J m. NE. of Moordown Farm (OMi) in Ham parish. Balder's Lea of 7 must have been on the W. by. just N. of this, in the neighbourhood of Bishop's Barn in Ham parish. (OMi) The Clop (sic) Hangra of 9 was probably at or near the NE. corner of the parish, at any rate on the slope of Ham Hill (OMi). The red dyke of 10 may possibly be a piece of the Wansdyke, for a piece of that earthwork is shown in the map 3 fur. W. of the village of Inkpen, running in a line from N. to S., a line which would take it down the E. by. of Ham parish to the N. corner of Buttermere parish, close by Oswald's Barrow above mentioned. Here, I fancy, was the red dyke. The Baee of 12 was probably a stream flowing only in rainy weather down the small valley at the NE. angle of the parish, which is about 1 m. due E. of Buttermere village. Two Charters of North Newnton, 8 m. ESE. of Devizes. 1 B.567; K.320. RD. A.D. 892. Granted by King Aelfred to Earl Aethelhelm. Hides. 10. Names in title, Northniwetune, and the same in the body of the document. 1 I have taken these two charters together and the landmarks of the two are largely because they refer to the same piece of land, correspondent.
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