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<strong>White</strong> <strong>Hill</strong> <strong>Woods</strong>, <strong>Easington</strong> <strong>Lane</strong>,<br />
<strong>Tyne</strong> & <strong>Wear</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>County</strong> Durham<br />
geophysical surveys phase 2<br />
on behalf of<br />
The Woodl<strong>and</strong> Trust<br />
Report 2151<br />
March 2009<br />
Archaeological Services<br />
Durham University<br />
South Road<br />
Durham DH1 3LE<br />
Tel: 0191 334 1121<br />
Fax: 0191 334 1126<br />
archaeological.services@durham.ac.uk<br />
www.durham.ac.uk/archaeological.services
<strong>White</strong> <strong>Hill</strong> <strong>Woods</strong>, <strong>Easington</strong> <strong>Lane</strong>,<br />
<strong>Tyne</strong> & <strong>Wear</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>County</strong> Durham<br />
geophysical surveys phase 2<br />
Report 2151<br />
March 2009<br />
Archaeological Services Durham University<br />
on behalf of<br />
The Woodl<strong>and</strong> Trust<br />
Autumn Park, Dysart Road, Grantham, Lincolnshire NG31 6LL<br />
Contents<br />
1. Summary . . . . 1<br />
2. Project background . . . 2<br />
3. Archaeological <strong>and</strong> historical background 3<br />
4. L<strong>and</strong>use, topography <strong>and</strong> geology . 3<br />
5. Geophysical survey . . . 3<br />
6. Discussion <strong>and</strong> conclusions . . 6<br />
7. Sources . . . . . 6<br />
Figures (inside back cover)<br />
Figure 1: Site location<br />
Figure 2: Overview of results<br />
Figure 3: Area 3 magnetic survey results <strong>and</strong> archaeological<br />
interpretation<br />
Figure 4: Area 4 magnetic survey results <strong>and</strong> archaeological<br />
interpretation<br />
Figure 5: Trace plots of geomagnetic data<br />
© Archaeological Services 2009
<strong>White</strong> <strong>Hill</strong> <strong>Woods</strong>, <strong>Easington</strong> <strong>Lane</strong>: geophysical surveys phase 2; Report 2151, March 2009<br />
1. Summary<br />
The project<br />
1.1 This report presents the results of a second phase of geophysical survey<br />
conducted in advance of a tree planting scheme at <strong>White</strong> <strong>Hill</strong> <strong>Woods</strong>, <strong>Easington</strong><br />
<strong>Lane</strong>. The study area spans the border between <strong>Tyne</strong> & <strong>Wear</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>County</strong><br />
Durham. This phase of work comprised detailed geomagnetic survey of two<br />
areas in order to confirm the reliability of the earlier magnetic susceptibility<br />
survey.<br />
1.2 The works were commissioned by The Woodl<strong>and</strong> Trust <strong>and</strong> conducted by<br />
Archaeological Services Durham University.<br />
Results<br />
1.3 Area 4 was within the zone of anomalously high magnetic susceptibility (MS)<br />
values recorded in the earlier MS survey, <strong>and</strong> just south of at least one<br />
enclosure <strong>and</strong> other features of probable archaeological significance detected in<br />
the earlier detailed gradiometer survey. Detailed gradiometry of Area 4 has<br />
now recorded a large number of probable pits, similar to those detected just to<br />
the north in the earlier detailed survey.<br />
1.4 Probable traces of former ridge <strong>and</strong> furrow cultivation have also been detected<br />
across Area 4.<br />
1.5 In contrast, only two potential pit features were detected in Area 3, where<br />
consistently low magnetic susceptibility values had previously been recorded.<br />
1.6 This phase of detailed geomagnetic survey has confirmed the reliability <strong>and</strong><br />
interpretation of the earlier magnetic susceptibility survey.<br />
1.7 Based on geophysical evidence, the potential for the presence of archaeological<br />
features is highest in the north, north-west <strong>and</strong> north-east of the development<br />
area, where detailed survey has already identified probable enclosures <strong>and</strong> other<br />
features. The archaeological potential of areas in the eastern <strong>and</strong> southern parts<br />
of the site could be considered to be medium, whilst the triangular area in the<br />
west-central part of the site can be considered as having low archaeological<br />
potential.<br />
Archaeological Services Durham University 1
<strong>White</strong> <strong>Hill</strong> <strong>Woods</strong>, <strong>Easington</strong> <strong>Lane</strong>: geophysical surveys phase 2; Report 2151, March 2009<br />
2. Project background<br />
Location (Figures 1 & 2)<br />
2.1 The site comprises l<strong>and</strong> at <strong>White</strong> <strong>Hill</strong>, to the south of <strong>Easington</strong> <strong>Lane</strong> <strong>and</strong> north<br />
of Pig <strong>Hill</strong>, spanning the border between <strong>Tyne</strong> & <strong>Wear</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>County</strong> Durham<br />
(NGR centre: NZ 3677 4511). It is bounded by Salter’s <strong>Lane</strong> (B1280) to the<br />
east <strong>and</strong> by a track <strong>and</strong> Coldwell Burn to the south, with areas of woodl<strong>and</strong> to<br />
the west. The northern boundary is the rear of properties on South View,<br />
<strong>Easington</strong> <strong>Lane</strong>. The total area of the site is 82ha, of which 9.5ha consists of<br />
existing woodl<strong>and</strong>. An earlier phase of survey using magnetic susceptibility<br />
(MS) <strong>and</strong> detailed gradiometry covered approximately 73ha (Archaeological<br />
Services 2008b). This second phase comprised the detailed survey of two areas<br />
measuring one hectare each, in order to test the results of the earlier MS<br />
survey.<br />
Development proposal<br />
2.2 The Woodl<strong>and</strong> Trust are proposing to create native woodl<strong>and</strong>. The scheme will<br />
involve some deep ploughing (five <strong>and</strong> three hectares in the northern <strong>and</strong><br />
southern parts of the area respectively) <strong>and</strong> both grassl<strong>and</strong> seeding <strong>and</strong> tree<br />
planting.<br />
Objective<br />
2.3 The principal aim of the surveys was to assess the nature <strong>and</strong> extent of any subsurface<br />
features of potential archaeological significance within the proposed<br />
development area, so that an informed decision may be made regarding the<br />
nature <strong>and</strong> scope of any further scheme of archaeological works that may be<br />
requested in advance of development.<br />
Methods statement<br />
2.4 The surveys have been undertaken in accordance with instructions from The<br />
Woodl<strong>and</strong> Trust, following a specification previously supplied by Durham<br />
<strong>County</strong> Council Archaeology Section.<br />
Dates<br />
2.5 Fieldwork was undertaken on 27 th October 2008. This report was prepared<br />
between then <strong>and</strong> 4 th March 2009.<br />
Personnel<br />
2.6 Fieldwork was conducted by David Graham <strong>and</strong> Andy Platell. This report was<br />
prepared by Duncan Hale, the Project Manager, with illustrations by Edward<br />
Davies.<br />
Archive/OASIS<br />
2.7 The site code is WHW08-2, for <strong>White</strong> <strong>Hill</strong> <strong>Woods</strong> 2008 phase 2. The survey<br />
archive will be supplied on CD to the Bowes Museum on completion of the<br />
project. Archaeological Services is registered with the Online AccesS to the<br />
Index of archaeological investigationS project (OASIS). The OASIS ID<br />
Archaeological Services Durham University 2
<strong>White</strong> <strong>Hill</strong> <strong>Woods</strong>, <strong>Easington</strong> <strong>Lane</strong>: geophysical surveys phase 2; Report 2151, March 2009<br />
numbers for this project are archaeol3-56355 (Co Durham) <strong>and</strong> 56352 (<strong>Tyne</strong><br />
& <strong>Wear</strong>).<br />
3. Archaeological <strong>and</strong> historical background<br />
3.1 An archaeological desk-based assessment for the proposed woodl<strong>and</strong> scheme<br />
was conducted by Archaeological Services Durham University on behalf of The<br />
Woodl<strong>and</strong> Trust (Archaeological Services 2008a).<br />
3.2 In summary, the assessment indicated that the proposed development might<br />
impact upon unknown archaeological resources most likely dating to the<br />
prehistoric/Romano British periods in terms of agricultural remains <strong>and</strong><br />
settlement. Analysis of sites in the vicinity has indicated a high potential for<br />
potential prehistoric features.<br />
3.3 Geophysical investigations comprising 65ha of topsoil MS survey <strong>and</strong> 8ha of<br />
detailed fluxgate gradiometer survey were undertaken in September-October<br />
2008 (Archaeological Services 2008a). These surveys detected the probable<br />
presence of archaeological features across Area 1 in the north, including at least<br />
one enclosure, <strong>and</strong> the likelihood for further archaeological features in Area 2<br />
in the south. The MS survey of the area in between indicated a higher potential<br />
for further archaeological features to survive in the northern <strong>and</strong> north-western<br />
parts of the area, with slightly raised values in the eastern <strong>and</strong> east-central parts.<br />
A roughly triangular area of particularly low MS values, <strong>and</strong> hence low<br />
archaeological potential, was identified in the west-central part of the site.<br />
4. L<strong>and</strong>use, topography <strong>and</strong> geology<br />
4.1 At the time of survey, the bulk of the site (73ha) was in use as arable l<strong>and</strong> with<br />
9.5ha of mature woodl<strong>and</strong> in the west.<br />
4.2 The l<strong>and</strong> slopes gradually down to Coldwell Burn in the south. To the north is<br />
the village of <strong>Easington</strong> <strong>Lane</strong>. The mean elevation on the northern-eastern part<br />
of the site is 133m OD, <strong>and</strong> at Coldwell Burn 115m OD.<br />
4.3 The underlying solid geology of the area is Magnesian Limestone which is<br />
overlain by boulder clay <strong>and</strong> morainic drift (glacial till).<br />
5. Geophysical survey<br />
St<strong>and</strong>ards<br />
5.1 The surveys <strong>and</strong> reporting were conducted in accordance with English Heritage<br />
guidelines Geophysical survey in archaeological field evaluation, 2 nd edition<br />
(David, Linford & Linford 2008); the Institute of Field Archaeologists<br />
Technical Paper No.6, The use of geophysical techniques in archaeological<br />
evaluations (Gaffney, Gater & Ovenden 2002); <strong>and</strong> the Archaeology Data<br />
Archaeological Services Durham University 3
<strong>White</strong> <strong>Hill</strong> <strong>Woods</strong>, <strong>Easington</strong> <strong>Lane</strong>: geophysical surveys phase 2; Report 2151, March 2009<br />
Service Geophysical Data in Archaeology: A Guide to Good Practice<br />
(Schmidt 2002).<br />
Technique selection<br />
5.2 Geophysical survey enables the relatively rapid <strong>and</strong> non-invasive identification<br />
of sub-surface features of potential archaeological significance <strong>and</strong> can involve<br />
a variety of complementary techniques such as magnetometry, earth electrical<br />
resistance, ground-penetrating radar <strong>and</strong> electromagnetic survey. Some<br />
techniques are more suitable than others in particular situations, depending on a<br />
variety of site-specific factors including the nature of likely targets; depth of<br />
likely targets; ground conditions; proximity of buildings, fences or services <strong>and</strong><br />
the local geology <strong>and</strong> drift.<br />
5.3 In this instance, the efficacy of detailed fluxgate gradiometer survey had already<br />
been demonstrated, <strong>and</strong> the technique was now required to test the results of<br />
the MS survey.<br />
5.4 Fluxgate gradiometry involves the use of h<strong>and</strong>-held magnetometers to detect<br />
<strong>and</strong> record anomalies in the vertical component of the Earth’s magnetic field<br />
caused by variations in soil magnetic susceptibility or permanent magnetisation;<br />
such anomalies can reflect archaeological features.<br />
Field methods<br />
5.5 A 30m grid was established over each of the two areas <strong>and</strong> tied-in to known,<br />
mapped Ordnance Survey points.<br />
5.6 Measurements of vertical geomagnetic field gradient were determined using<br />
Geoscan Research FM256 fluxgate gradiometers. A zig-zag traverse scheme<br />
was employed <strong>and</strong> data were logged in 20m grid units. The instrument<br />
sensitivity was set to 0.1nT, the sample interval to 0.25m <strong>and</strong> the traverse<br />
interval to 1.0m, thus providing 1600 sample measurements per 20m grid unit.<br />
5.7 Data were downloaded on site into a laptop computer for initial processing <strong>and</strong><br />
storage <strong>and</strong> subsequently transferred to a desktop computer for processing,<br />
interpretation <strong>and</strong> archiving.<br />
Data processing<br />
5.8 Geoplot v.3 software was used to process the geophysical data <strong>and</strong> to produce<br />
both continuous tone greyscale images <strong>and</strong> trace plots of the raw (unfiltered)<br />
data. The greyscale images <strong>and</strong> interpretations are presented in Figures 3 & 4;<br />
the trace plots are provided in Figure 5. In the greyscale images, positive<br />
magnetic anomalies are displayed as dark grey <strong>and</strong> negative magnetic anomalies<br />
as light grey. A palette bar relates the greyscale intensities to anomaly values in<br />
nanoTesla.<br />
5.9 The following basic processing functions have been applied to the data:<br />
Archaeological Services Durham University 4
<strong>White</strong> <strong>Hill</strong> <strong>Woods</strong>, <strong>Easington</strong> <strong>Lane</strong>: geophysical surveys phase 2; Report 2151, March 2009<br />
zero mean traverse sets the background mean of each traverse within a grid<br />
to zero; for removing striping effects in the traverse<br />
direction <strong>and</strong> removing grid edge discontinuities.<br />
despike locates <strong>and</strong> suppresses iron spikes in gradiometer data.<br />
destagger corrects for displacement of anomalies caused by<br />
alternate zig-zag traverses.<br />
interpolate increases the number of data points in a survey to match<br />
sample <strong>and</strong> traverse intervals. In this instance the data<br />
have been interpolated to 0.25m x 0.25m intervals.<br />
Interpretation: anomaly types<br />
5.10 Two types of geomagnetic anomaly have been identified in the data:<br />
positive magnetic regions of anomalously high or positive magnetic field<br />
gradient, which may be associated with high magnetic<br />
susceptibility soil-filled structures such as pits <strong>and</strong><br />
ditches.<br />
dipolar magnetic paired positive-negative magnetic anomalies, which<br />
typically reflect ferrous or fired debris <strong>and</strong>/or fired<br />
structures such as kilns or hearths.<br />
Interpretation: features<br />
5.11 A scatter of small, discrete dipolar magnetic anomalies has been detected across<br />
each survey area. These anomalies almost certainly reflect items of near-surface<br />
ferrous <strong>and</strong>/or fired debris, such as horseshoes <strong>and</strong> brick fragments, <strong>and</strong> in most<br />
cases have little or no archaeological significance. They have been omitted from<br />
the archaeological interpretation plans <strong>and</strong> the following discussion.<br />
5.12 Except where stated otherwise in the text below, positive magnetic anomalies<br />
are taken to reflect relatively high magnetic susceptibility materials, typically<br />
sediments in cut archaeological features (such as furrows, ditches or pits)<br />
whose magnetic susceptibility has been enhanced, as above, by decomposed<br />
organic matter or by burning.<br />
Area 3<br />
5.13 Two discrete positive magnetic anomalies were detected here. These anomalies<br />
could reflect soil-filled features such as pits.<br />
Area 4<br />
5.14 A relatively high concentration of positive magnetic anomalies was detected<br />
across this area. These could similarly reflect features such as pits <strong>and</strong><br />
occasional possible remains of ditches. The date <strong>and</strong> function of these features<br />
is not known.<br />
5.15 A number of weak, parallel, positive magnetic anomalies were also detected<br />
across this area. The anomalies are slightly arcuate <strong>and</strong> fairly evenly spaced at<br />
Archaeological Services Durham University 5
<strong>White</strong> <strong>Hill</strong> <strong>Woods</strong>, <strong>Easington</strong> <strong>Lane</strong>: geophysical surveys phase 2; Report 2151, March 2009<br />
6-7m intervals. These anomalies almost certainly reflect former ridge <strong>and</strong><br />
furrow cultivation.<br />
6. Discussion <strong>and</strong> conclusions<br />
6.1 Detailed geomagnetic surveys were undertaken over two sample areas at <strong>White</strong><br />
<strong>Hill</strong>, <strong>Easington</strong> <strong>Lane</strong>, in order to test the efficacy of the earlier magnetic<br />
susceptibility survey prior to proposed deep-ploughing <strong>and</strong> tree-planting. The<br />
65ha MS survey identified broad areas of anomalously high <strong>and</strong> low MS values,<br />
which could reflect higher <strong>and</strong> lower levels of past human activity respectively.<br />
6.2 The survey within the area of anomalously low MS values detected only two<br />
anomalies reflecting features of possible archaeological origin <strong>and</strong> confirmed<br />
the low potential for survival of archaeological remains in that area, as<br />
indicated by the MS survey.<br />
6.3 The survey within the area of anomalously high MS values on the other h<strong>and</strong><br />
detected many probable soil-filled features of possible archaeological origin, as<br />
well as probable traces of former ridge <strong>and</strong> furrow cultivation. This also<br />
confirms the reliability <strong>and</strong> interpretation of the MS survey.<br />
6.4 In conclusion, based on geophysical evidence, the potential for the presence of<br />
archaeological features is highest in the north, north-west <strong>and</strong> north-east of the<br />
development area, where detailed survey has already identified probable<br />
enclosures <strong>and</strong> other features. The archaeological potential of areas in the<br />
eastern <strong>and</strong> southern parts of the site could be considered to be medium, whilst<br />
the triangular area in the west-central part of the site can be considered as<br />
having low archaeological potential.<br />
6.5 A programme of archaeological trial trenching could be used to try to establish<br />
the functions, dates, depths <strong>and</strong> preservation states of sub-surface features. It<br />
may then be possible <strong>and</strong> appropriate to re-define the areas proposed for deep<br />
ploughing <strong>and</strong> tree or grassl<strong>and</strong> planting schemes based on the depths to<br />
archaeological features, where present, in different parts of the site.<br />
7. Sources<br />
Archaeological Services 2008a <strong>White</strong> <strong>Hill</strong> <strong>Woods</strong>, <strong>Easington</strong> <strong>Lane</strong>, <strong>Tyne</strong> &<br />
<strong>Wear</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>County</strong> Durham: archaeological desk-based assessment.<br />
Unpublished report 2024 for The Woodl<strong>and</strong> Trust, Archaeological<br />
Services Durham University<br />
Archaeological Services 2008b <strong>White</strong> <strong>Hill</strong> <strong>Woods</strong>, <strong>Easington</strong> <strong>Lane</strong>, <strong>Tyne</strong> &<br />
<strong>Wear</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>County</strong> Durham: geophysical surveys. Unpublished report<br />
2100 for The Woodl<strong>and</strong> Trust, Archaeological Services Durham<br />
University<br />
Archaeological Services Durham University 6
<strong>White</strong> <strong>Hill</strong> <strong>Woods</strong>, <strong>Easington</strong> <strong>Lane</strong>: geophysical surveys phase 2; Report 2151, March 2009<br />
David, A, Linford, N, & Linford, P, 2008 Geophysical survey in<br />
archaeological field evaluation, 2 nd edition, English Heritage<br />
Gaffney, C, Gater, J, & Ovenden, S, 2002 The use of geophysical techniques in<br />
archaeological evaluations, Technical Paper 6, Institute of Field<br />
Archaeologists<br />
Schmidt, A, 2002 Geophysical Data in Archaeology: A Guide to Good<br />
Practice, Archaeology Data Service, Arts <strong>and</strong> Humanities Data Service<br />
Archaeological Services Durham University 7
47<br />
46<br />
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<strong>White</strong> <strong>Hill</strong> <strong>Woods</strong>, <strong>Easington</strong> <strong>Lane</strong>, <strong>Tyne</strong> & <strong>Wear</strong> <strong>and</strong><br />
<strong>County</strong> Durham<br />
geophysical surveys - phase 2<br />
Report 2151<br />
Figure 1<br />
Site location<br />
proposed development area<br />
on behalf of<br />
The Woodl<strong>and</strong> Trust<br />
Reproduced from Explorer 308 1:25 000 by<br />
permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of<br />
The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery<br />
Office. c Crown copyright 1995. All rights<br />
reserved. Licence number AL100002176<br />
35 36 37 38<br />
0 1km<br />
scale 1:25 000 - for A4 plot
Path<br />
Path<br />
FB<br />
llotment Gardens<br />
Track<br />
45<br />
Def<br />
Def<br />
Path<br />
Pond<br />
10<br />
Track<br />
S Tk<br />
LOWESWATER AVEN<br />
RH<br />
Drain<br />
Elmore Wood<br />
1<br />
Path (um)<br />
RMERE AVENUE<br />
Boro Const an d Met Dist Bdy<br />
Co Const Bdy<br />
Elemore<br />
13<br />
Reproduction in whole or in part is<br />
prohibited without the prior permission<br />
of The Woodl<strong>and</strong> Trust<br />
9<br />
6<br />
Path<br />
20<br />
Path<br />
19<br />
35<br />
Path (um)<br />
28<br />
Path<br />
FB<br />
BS<br />
Def<br />
Boundary Stone<br />
Def<br />
FF<br />
25<br />
BUTTERMERE AVENUE<br />
1<br />
14<br />
FF<br />
Path (um)<br />
Area 1<br />
Path<br />
Co Con st, CP <strong>and</strong> ED Bdy<br />
Path (um)<br />
Co Const, CP <strong>and</strong> ED Bdy<br />
Track<br />
Path (um)<br />
13<br />
FF<br />
Def<br />
7<br />
Path<br />
13<br />
Post<br />
Issues<br />
Path (um)<br />
WHITE HILLROAD<br />
East Wood<br />
27<br />
21<br />
Path (um)<br />
20<br />
34<br />
32<br />
33<br />
2<br />
1<br />
3<br />
1<br />
Def<br />
T<br />
SHERIFF'S MOOR AVENUE<br />
T AY STREET<br />
TEVIOT STREET<br />
RUSKIN AVENUE<br />
1438<br />
2<br />
8<br />
10<br />
4<br />
Coldwell Burn<br />
5<br />
14<br />
9<br />
2<br />
3<br />
20<br />
10<br />
13<br />
11<br />
1<br />
19<br />
24<br />
13<br />
TAY STREET<br />
16<br />
SHERIFF'S<br />
15<br />
RUS<br />
SCHOOL<br />
MOOR<br />
28<br />
13<br />
KIN<br />
VIEW<br />
AVENUE<br />
AVE<br />
NUE<br />
Ward Bdy<br />
8<br />
22<br />
27<br />
32<br />
40<br />
LB<br />
47<br />
El<br />
Sub Sta<br />
Area 4<br />
2<br />
1<br />
TCB<br />
Area 3<br />
28<br />
33<br />
6<br />
2<br />
16<br />
1<br />
14<br />
31<br />
SHELLEY AVENUE<br />
12<br />
QUEEN ELIZABETH D RIVE<br />
Def<br />
Cherry Garth<br />
13<br />
CS<br />
2<br />
15<br />
13<br />
C ORONATI<br />
19<br />
6<br />
13<br />
14<br />
SOUTH CLOSE<br />
1<br />
13<br />
7<br />
16<br />
5<br />
2<br />
1<br />
14<br />
SOUTH VIEW<br />
Boro Co nst <strong>and</strong> Met Dist Bdy<br />
Co Const Bdy<br />
1<br />
5<br />
15<br />
51<br />
46<br />
WOR DSWOR TH AVENUE<br />
44<br />
22<br />
45<br />
N ROAD<br />
RH<br />
BM 135.65m<br />
28 7<br />
31<br />
35<br />
135.0m<br />
Sheriff's Moor<br />
34<br />
Track<br />
35<br />
33<br />
Tudor Rose<br />
Area 2<br />
27<br />
28<br />
134.1m<br />
Snippersgate Cottage<br />
Garage<br />
Pig <strong>Hill</strong><br />
FF<br />
Bamburgh<br />
132.3m<br />
Bamburgh<br />
A 182<br />
37<br />
Lindisfarne<br />
SOUTH HETTON<br />
130.5m<br />
FF<br />
ROAD<br />
Track<br />
128.3m<br />
Boro Const & Met Dist Bdy<br />
Co Const Bdy<br />
Def<br />
Track<br />
B 1280<br />
RH<br />
124.1m<br />
ETL<br />
FW<br />
Shelter<br />
Ullswater Terrace<br />
Shelter<br />
Snipper's Gate<br />
Farm Cottage<br />
9<br />
DEF<br />
127.1m<br />
13<br />
SALTER'S LANE<br />
1<br />
Aspley House<br />
Snipper's Gate<br />
House<br />
16<br />
5<br />
Kennels<br />
113.2m<br />
121.6m<br />
BM 119.93m<br />
1<br />
119.2m<br />
127.1m<br />
B 1280<br />
1<br />
B 1280<br />
BM<br />
111.79m<br />
1<br />
117.7m<br />
121.0m<br />
<strong>White</strong>gates<br />
Equestrian Centre<br />
7<br />
7<br />
7<br />
116.2m<br />
Logan Terrace<br />
CS<br />
BUTTERMERE CRESCENT<br />
13<br />
Keswick Terrace<br />
Derwent Terrace<br />
13<br />
13<br />
21<br />
5<br />
1<br />
119.8m<br />
Scout Hut<br />
18<br />
17<br />
118.9m<br />
Lodge<br />
8<br />
22<br />
Derwent<br />
20<br />
29<br />
SALTER'S LANE<br />
39<br />
1<br />
38<br />
BM 117.61m<br />
1<br />
Track<br />
BM 112.33m<br />
114.5m<br />
7<br />
30<br />
Coldw<br />
PA<br />
11<br />
LB TCB<br />
Issues<br />
44<br />
7<br />
2<br />
6<br />
Po<br />
W<br />
<strong>White</strong> <strong>Hill</strong> <strong>Woods</strong>, <strong>Easington</strong> <strong>Lane</strong>,<br />
<strong>Tyne</strong> & <strong>Wear</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>County</strong> Durham<br />
geophysical surveys - phase 2<br />
Report 2151<br />
Figure 2<br />
Overview of results<br />
on behalf of<br />
The Woodl<strong>and</strong> Trust<br />
0 250m<br />
scale 1:5000 - for A3 plot<br />
proposed development area<br />
survey area<br />
proposed deep ploughing area
452<br />
451<br />
Reproduction in whole or in part is<br />
prohibited without the prior permission<br />
of The Woodl<strong>and</strong> Trust<br />
Area 3 Area 3<br />
367<br />
452<br />
451<br />
367<br />
<strong>White</strong> <strong>Hill</strong> <strong>Woods</strong>, <strong>Easington</strong> <strong>Lane</strong>,<br />
<strong>Tyne</strong> & <strong>Wear</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>County</strong> Durham<br />
geophysical surveys - phase 2<br />
Report 2151<br />
Figure 3<br />
Area 3 magnetic survey results <strong>and</strong><br />
archaeological interpretation<br />
on behalf of<br />
The Woodl<strong>and</strong> Trust<br />
0 50m<br />
scale 1:1000 - for A3 plot<br />
survey area<br />
soil-filled features<br />
5.00<br />
4.17<br />
3.33<br />
2.50<br />
1.67<br />
0.83<br />
0.00<br />
-0.83<br />
-1.67<br />
-2.50<br />
-3.33<br />
-4.17<br />
-5.00 nT
1<br />
454<br />
45<br />
453<br />
Reproduction in whole or in part is<br />
prohibited without the prior permission<br />
of The Woodl<strong>and</strong> Trust<br />
366<br />
Def<br />
1<br />
454<br />
453<br />
Area 4 Area 4<br />
367<br />
366<br />
37<br />
Def<br />
367<br />
<strong>White</strong> <strong>Hill</strong> <strong>Woods</strong>, <strong>Easington</strong> <strong>Lane</strong>,<br />
<strong>Tyne</strong> & <strong>Wear</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>County</strong> Durham<br />
geophysical surveys - phase 2<br />
Report 2151<br />
Figure 4<br />
Area 4 magnetic survey results <strong>and</strong><br />
archaeological interpretation<br />
on behalf of<br />
The Woodl<strong>and</strong> Trust<br />
0 50m<br />
scale 1:1000 - for A3 plot<br />
survey area<br />
area of deep ploughing<br />
soil-filled features<br />
service pipes<br />
orientation of<br />
ridge <strong>and</strong> furrow<br />
5.00<br />
4.17<br />
3.33<br />
2.50<br />
1.67<br />
0.83<br />
0.00<br />
-0.83<br />
-1.67<br />
-2.50<br />
-3.33<br />
-4.17<br />
-5.00 nT
Figure 5: Trace plots of geomagnetic data<br />
41.40nT/cm<br />
0 50m<br />
scale 1:1000<br />
66.90nT/cm<br />
0 50m<br />
scale 1:1000