Australian Citizenship: Our Common Bond - Burmese Translation

tydkif; 1
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmfESifh jynfoljynfom;rsm;
,cktcsdefrS tpjyKNyD; a&SUa&Smuf? bk&m;ocifudk wdkifwnfum?*
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmfESifh ¤if;\jynfoljynfom;rsm;xH? uREfkyfopömcHygonf
¤if;wdkY\ 'Drdku&ufwpf,HkMunfcsufrsm;udk uREfkyfuvnf;vufcHoabmwlygonf
¤if;wdkY\ tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh vGwfvyfrIrsm;udk uREfkyfvufcHav;pm;NyD;?
¤if;wdkY\ pnf;urf;Oya'rsm;udk uREfkyfonf xdef;odrf;í vdkufemNyD; emcHygrnf/
* ]bk&m;ocifudk wdkifwnfum} pum;vHk;rsm;ukd xnfhoGif;ajym&ef? odkYr[kwf rajym&ef? uwdjyKolu a&G;cs,fEdkifonf/

MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmfESifh
jynfoljynfom;rsm;
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;tjzpfcH,lyGJtcrf;tem;wGif? MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmfESifh
¤if;\jynfolvlxkxHü? oifonf uwdopömcHchJonf/ xdkYaMumifh oifonf?
uREfkyfwdkY\ a&S;OD;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;\ ½dk;&m,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfrsm;taMumif;
tygt0if? MopaMw;vsm;\ vlrItzGJUtpnf;ESifh vlOD;a&taMumif;rsm;udkvnf;
em;vnfoabmayguf&efta&;BuD;onf/ MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmfonf a&&mrI
uif;rhJpGm tpysdK;chJ&onfh NAdwdoQ vufatmufcHa'o(udkvdkeD) wpfcktjzpfrS?
,cktcg cdkifcHhwnfNidrfí atmifjrifaeaom ,Ofaus;rIaygif;pHk EdkifiHwpfEdkifiH
tjzpfodkY rnfodkYwdk;wufzGHYNzdK;vmonfudkvnf; oifem;vnf&efta&;BuD;onf/
þu@tyd kif;ü? uREf kyfwd Y\tjzpftysuftwdwford
k
kif;ud k taMumif;jyKch Jonf h
tcsdKUaomjzpf&yfrsm;ud k zwf½I&vdrf hrnf/ uREf kyfwd Y\ k jynfe,frsm;ESif h a'orsm;
wd Y\ k owif;taMumif;tcsufrsm;yg&S donf htjyif? uREf kyfwd Yud k k,f uREf kyfwd Y k odom
xif&Sm;pGmESif h *kPf,lpGm cG Jjcm;owfrSwfaom MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiHawmf\ wpfrl
xl;jcm;onf h ,Ofaus;rItpOftvmrsm;ESif h trSwfonmrsm;\taMumif;tcsuf
rsm;yg&S donf/
uREfkyfwdkY\ vlrsdK;rsm;
a&S;OD;wdkif;&if;om;MopaMw;vsm; vlrsdK;EG,frsm;
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHü pOD;aexdkifchJMuolrsm;onf tufabmf&pf*sifevfESifh
awm&,fpf a&vufMum;uRef;rsm;rS vlrsdK;rsm;wdkY jzpfMuonf/ ¤if;wkdYonf
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiH\a&S;OD;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiH\
a&S;OD;wdkif;&if;om; ,Ofaus;rIrsm;onf urÇmay:&Sd a&S;tusqHk;ESifh qufvuf
,SOfoefqJ ,Ofaus;rIrsm;jzpfonf/
ordkif;aMumif;t&? tufabmf&pf*sifevf vlrsdK;rsm;onf MopaMw;vsm;
jynfrBuD;ESifh w,fpfar;eD;,m;wdkYrS jzpfMuonf/ ¤if;wkdYonf þae&mwGif
tESpf 40000 rS tESpf 60000 twGif; rSDwif;aexkdifchJMuonf/
awm&,fpf a&vufMum;uRef;rsm;rSS uRef;om;rsm;onf uGif;pvefjynfe,f\
ajrmufzuf&Sd uRef;rsm;rSjzpfMuonf/ ¤if;wdkYü xl;jcm;onfh ,Ofaus;rIvu©Pm
rsm;&SdMuonf/
a&S;OD;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;ü? ¤if;wdkYtm; ,aeYxufwdkif vrf;ñTefay;aeaom
bHk,HkMunfcsufrsm;ESifh tpOftvmrsm;&SdMuonf/ ¤if;wdkYü ukef;ajrESifh
eufeJaom qufpyfrI&SdMuNyD;? xdkqufpyfrIudk ¤if;wkdY\ tjzpftysufrsm;?
tEkynmESifh tutckefwdkYrSwqifh az:MuL;Muonf/
Oa&mywdkufom;rsm; tajccsjcif;\ pOD;ydkif;tcsdef
Oa&mywdkufom;rsm; pwiftajccsonfh&ufrSm? *&dwfjAdwdefrS Zefe0g&D 26?
1788 wGif aemiftcgü yxroabFmtkyfpk ]zwfpfwf zvD;wf} (First Fleet) [k
ac:wGifchJonfh tusOf;om;wif oabFm 11 pD; qdkufa&mufvmaomaeY
jzpfonf/
xdkpOftcgu jAdwdoQOya'rsm;rSm jyif;xefí? tusOf;cscHchJ&aom jypfrI
usL;vGefolrsm;\ ta&twGufBuD;rm;vSojzifh? ¤if;wdkYtm; xdef;odrf;xm;&ef
tusOf;axmifrsm; rvHkavmufcJhacs/ þjyóemukdajz&Sif;&ef? xdktusOf;om;
rsm;udk urÇmhtjcm;buf&Sd? vufatmufcHa'o(udkvdkeD) topfjzpfaom
e,l;aqmufofa0;vfpfodkY ydkYaqmif&ef? jAdwdoQtpdk;&u qHk;jzwfcJhonf/
e,l;aqmufofa0;vfpf udkvdkeD\ yxr bk&ifcHrSm? uyÜwdef tmom zdvpfyf
(Captain Arthur Phillip) jzpfchJonf/ xdkolonf Oa&mywdkufom;rsm; tajccs
onfh ESpfOD;ydkif;rsm;twGif;&Sd tcuftcJjyóemrsm;pGmudk ausmfvTm;ajz&Sif;Edkif
chJonf/ e,l;aqmufofa0;vfpf udkvdkeDonf &SifoefchJNyD;? tusOf;om;rsm;ESifh
vGwfvyfpGmvma&muf tajccsMuolrsm;wdkY ydkrdka&muf&SdvmMuonfESifhtrQ?
BuD;xGm;NyD;? wdk;wufzGHYNzdK;vmchJonf/ EdkifiH\ tjcm;a'o&yftydkif;rsm;ü
udkvkdeDrsm;udk ydkrdkí wdk;csJUwnfaxmifcJhonf/
jypfrIuif;Muaom tpOD;ajccsMuolrsm;wdkYonf *&dwfjAdwdefESifh tdkif,mvef
wdkYrS jzpfMuonf/ MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf\ ordkif;? ,Ofaus;rIESifh EdkifiHa&;
,EÅ,m;rsm;wdkYtay:? þ jAdwdoQESifh tdkif&pfoQ tarGtESpfrsm;\ MoZm
vTrf;rdk;rIrsm; BuD;rm;chJavonf/
1851 ckESpfwGif? vufatmufcH a'orsm;jzpfMuaom e,l;aqmufofa0;vfpf
ESifh Apfufwdk;&D;,m;wdkYü a&T &SmazGawGYchJonf/ urÇmha'ot&yf&yfrS vlrsm;
onf? BuD;yGg;csrf;omuH &SmazGa&;tvdkYiSm? þa'orsm;wdkYodkY vma&mufMu
onf/ xkdtcsdeftcgu a&muf&SdvmMuaom w½kwfvlrsdK;rsm;onf? Oa&myrS
r[kwfonhf EdkifiHul;ajymif;vmMuaom vltpkBuD;\ wpfpkjzpfonf/ 10 ESpf
twGif;? vlOD;a& ESpfqxufydk wdk;oGm;chJavonf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf
aemufquf 10 pkESpfrsm;twGif;? wpfoD;wpfjcm;jzpfaeMuaom udkvdkeDrsm;
onf EdkifiHwpfckwnf;jzpfvmMu&ef tMuHjyKaqG;aEG;Muonf/
1901 ckESpfwGif vufatmufcH a'orsm;onf MopaMw;vsm; "eo[m,
(Commonwealth of Australia) [k ac:aom? jynfe,frsm;\ jynfaxmifpktjzpf
aygif;pnf;ch JMuonf/ xd kpOfu? MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiHawmf vlOD;a& 4 oef;cef Y
a&wGufEd kifch Jonf/ þudef;*Pef;xJü a&S;OD;wd kif;&if;om;rsm; ryg0ifch Jay/
20 &mpkESpf\ yxr xuf0ufoufwrf;wpfavQmufwGif? EdkifiHul;ajymif;vmol
rsm; vlOD;a& twuftus&SdchJonf/ jAdwdefEdkifiHrS EdkifiHul;ajymif;vmolrsm;tm;
MopaMw;vsm;ü tajccsap&ef wuf

10
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf\ jynfe,frsm;ESifh a'orsm;
MopaMw;vsm; "eo[m,onf jynfe,frsm;ESif h a'orsm;wd Y\ k zG Ypnf;xm;rIjzpfonf/ J
jynfe,fajcmufckESif h jynfra'oESpfck&S donf/ u,fefb&m (Canberra) onf
MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiH\NrdKUawmfjzpfNyD;? jynfe,fESif h jynfra'owpfckpDüvnf; ¤if;wd Y\NrdKUawmfrsm; k toD;oD;&S dMuonf/
Perth
Western Australia
MopaMw;vsm; EdkifiHom;? uREfkyfwdkY\ bHkaESmifBudK;
Darwin
Northern
Territory
South Australia
jynfe,f NrdKUawmf
New South Wales (NSW) Sydney
Queensland
New South Wales
Hobart
Brisbane
Sydney
Adelaide
Canberra
Australian Capital Territory
Victoria
Melbourne
Tasmania
Victoria (Vic.) Melbourne
Queensland (Qld) Brisbane
Western Australia (WA) Perth
South Australia (SA) Adelaide
Tasmania (Tas.) Hobart
a'o NrdKUawmf
Australian Capital Territory (ACT) Canberra
Northern Territory (NT) Darwin
Canberraonf MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiH\ NrdKUawmfvnf;jzpfonf

jynfe,frsm;
e,l;aqmufofa0;vfpf (New South Wales) onf NAdwdoQwd Yu k
wnfaxmifch Jaom yxrqH k; ud kvd keDjzpfonf/ qpf'feDonf e,l;aqmufof
a0;vfpf\ NrdKUawmfjzpfNyD;? Ed kifiHawmf\ tBuD;rm;qH k;aom NrdKUBuD;jzpfonf/
qpf'feD\ ][mbm b&pf*sf f} (Harbour Bridge) qdyfurf; wHwm;ESif h ]atmfy&m
a[mufpf}(Opera House) uZmwf½H kwd Yonf k Ed kifiHawmf\ txifu&
trSwfonmrsm;jzpfMuonf/
Apfufwd k;&D;,m; (Victoria) onf jynfr&S d jynfe,frsm;teuf? tao;i,f
qH k;jzpfonf/ Apfufwd k;&D;,m;ü&S daom vuf&majrmufonf h taqmuftODrsm;pGmud k
1850 ckESpfpOfrsm;ü a&TxGufEIef; BuD;rm;pOfu &&S dch Jaom "ejzif h wnfaqmufch Jjcif;
jzpfonf/ r,fvfbef onf Apfufwd k;&D;,m;\ NrdKUawmfjzpfonf/
uGif;pvef (Queensland) onf 'kwd,tBuD;qH k;aom jynfe,fjzpfonf/
¤if;\ajrmufzufü awm&,fpf a&vufMum;uRef;rsm;? tylyd kif;a'o rd k;opfawm
rsm;? tyltat; rQwaom yifv,furf;ajca'orsm;ESif h ajcmufaoG Yxrsm;aom
twGif;yd kif;us ukef;ajrrsm;&S donf/ ¤if;\ ta&SUzufurf;ajcwpfavQmufü
urÇmausmf ]*&dwf b,f&D,m &D;zf} (Great Barrier Reef) ausmufwef;BuD;&S donf/
b&pfpfbdef; onf? uGif;pvef\ NrdKUawmfjzpfonf/
taemufMopaMw;vsm; (Western Australia) onf tBuD;qHk;aom
jynfe,fjzpfonf/ jynfe,f\ ta&SUzufü t"dutm;jzifh oJuEÅm&&SdNyD;?
taemufawmifzufonf aumufyJ oD;ESHESifh 0dkift&ufcsufonfh pyspf aygrsm;
onfht&yfa'ojzpfonf/ þjynfe,fonf BuD;rm;aom owÅKwGif;vkyfief;rsm;
&Sd&mt&yfjzpfonf/ jynfe,fvlOD;a&\ av;yHkyHk? oHk;yHkonf NrdKUawmfjzpfaom
ywfof ü rSDwif;aexkdifMuonf/
awmifMopaMw;vsm; (South Australia) ü ausmufaqmifurf;yg;aygrsm;
onf h yifv,furf;½d k;wef;&S d NyD;? trnfausmfMum;aom 0d kift&ufxGufonf he,fajr
tajrmuftjrm;&S donf/ NrdKUawmfjzpfonf h t,f'Dvdyf'f ü vuf&majrmufaom
ud kvd keDacwf AdokumyH kpH tajrmuftjrm;&S donf f/
w,fpfar;eD;,m; (Tasmania) onf tao;i,fqHk;aom jynfe,fjzpfNyD;?
¤if;ESifh jynfrudk ]bwfpf px&dwf}a&vufMum; (Bass Strait) u cGJxm;onf/
uRef;\ ae&mtrsm;pkü rlvobm0 twdkif;&Sdaeao;aom awmawmifuEÅm&
½Icif;rsm; &Sdonf/ w,fpfar;eD;,m;\ NrdKUawmfrSm [dk;bwfwf jzpfonf/
a'orsm;
MopaMw;vsm;NrdKUawmfa'o (Australian Capital Territory)
onf qpf'feDESifh r,fvfbefwdkYtMum;ü wnf&Sdonf/ ¤if;onf EdkifiHawmf\
NrdKUawmf? u,fefb&m wnf&Sd&mt&yfjzpfonf/ u,fefb&m onf vTwfawmf
]ygvDref a[mufpf}(Parliament House) ESifh A[kdw&m;½Hk; ] [dkif;aumhwf}
(High Court)wdkYuhJodkYaom ta&;BuD;onfh EdkifiHawmf\ txifu&
tzGJUtpnf;rsm; ½Hk;pdkuf&mt&yfjzpfonf/
ajrmufydkif;a'o (Northern Territory) wGif ,OfpGef;wef; tylydkif;
a'o&SdNyD;? awmifydkif;ü ajreDuEÅm&&Sdonf/ ¤if;\ ao;i,faomvlOD;a&
trsm;pkonf? NrdKUawmf 'g&f0if ü¤if;? 'g&f0iff ESifh tJvpfpy&if; tMum;&Sd
ta0;ajy;um;vrf;rBuD; wpfavQmufüvnf;¤if;? rSDwif;aexkdifMuonf/
tJvpfpy&if;onf MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiH\ A[dkcsufteD;&Sdaom t"duNrdKUuav;
jzpfonf/
e,l;aqmufofa0;vfpf
Apfufwdk;&D;,m;
uGif;pvef
taemufMopaMw;vsm;
awmifMopaMw;vsm;
w,fpfar;eD;,m;
MopaMw;vsm;NrdKUawmfa'o
ajrmufydkif;a'o
tydkif; 1 - MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmfESifh jynfoljynfom;rsm; 11

12
½dk;&m"avhrsm;ESifh txdrf;trSwfrsm;
MopaMw;vsm;jynfom;rsm;twGuf aeYBuD;&ufBuD;rsm;
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmfaeY
ESpfpOf Zefe0g&Dv 26 &ufaeYü? uREk fyfwd Yonf k MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiHawmfaeYud k usif;yMuonf/ MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiHawmfaeYonf MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiHawmf\ jynfe,fwd kif;ESif h
a'owd kif;ü tpd k;&½H k;ydwf&uf wpf&ufjzpfonf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmfaeYü EdkifiHawmfwpf0ef;&Sd vlrsKd;pktzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf BuD;i,fra&G;? MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmfESifh MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;rsm;jzpfjcif;\
BuD;jrwfrIrsm;tm;vHk;udk csD;rGrf;*kPf,lMuonf/ ¤if;onf MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHü&Sdaom? trsm;jynfolwdkY\ tBuD;us,fqHk;aom ESpfpOftxdrf;trSwfaeYjzpfonf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmfaeYonf? uREkfyfwdkY\EdkifiHordkif;ESifh þEkdifiHtm; xl;uJ*kPfjrifhapchJMuolrsm;tm;vHk;udk *kPfjyKaomaeYjzpfonf/ þaeYonf ypöKyÜefü 0rf;om
MuNyD;? tem*wfwGif aysmf&TifpGm

MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf\tvHrsm;
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf\ w&m;0iftvH oHk;ck&Sdonf/ MopaMw;vsm; EdkifiHawmftvH? MopaMw;vsm; tufabmf&pf*sifevftvHESifh awm&,fpf a&vufMum;uRef;om;
tvHwdkYjzpfMuonf/
jynfe,fwpfckpDESifh a'owpfckpDwdkYüvnf;? ¤if;wdkY\ oD;jcm; tvHrsm;&SdMuao;onf/ ¤if;wdkYudk pmrsufESm 11 üawGY&SdEdkifonf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmftvH
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmftvHonf tjym? tjzLESifh teDa&mifwdkYjzpfonf/ ¤if;ü
ta&;BuD;aomtydkif; oHk;ydkif;yg0ifonf?
• ,leD,H*suf(Union Jack)[k od&SdMuaom *&dwfNAdwdef\tvHonf
b,fzuf? txufaxmifhpGef;wGif&Sdonf/ ,if;tvHonf uREkfyfwdkYü
NAdwdoQtajccsrI\ ordkif;&Sdjcif;udk udk,fpm;jyKonf/
• "eo[m, Mu,fyGif h (Commonwealth Star) onf? ,leD,H*suf atmufü
&S donf/ þMu,fyGif hü tpGef; 7 pGef;&S dNyD;? jynfe,fajcmufcktwGufESif h a'o
wpfcktwGuf? wpfpGef;pDjzpfonf/
• awmifydkif;Mu,fpk (Southern Cross)onf awmifydkif; aumif;uifü
uREkfyfwdkYawGY&SdEdkifaom Mu,ftpkjzpfonf/
MopaMw;vsm; tufabmf&pf*sifevftvH
MopaMw;vsm; tufabmf&pf*sifevftvHonf teuf? teDESifh t0ga&mifwdkYjzpf
onf/ ¤if;ü ta&;BuD;aomtydkif; oHk;ydkif;yg0ifNyD;? ta&mifrsm;\ vlod
trsm;qHk; t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsufrSm?
• tay:xuff0ufonf teufa&mifjzpfNyD;? MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiH\
tufabmf&pf*sifevf vlrsdK;rsm;tm; udk,fpm;jyKonf/
• atmufxuf0ufonf teDa&mifjzpfNyD;? urÇmajrBuD;? xdkYtjyif
ukef;ajrESifh 0dnmOfydkif;qdkif&m qufpyfrIudk udk,fpm;jyKonf/
• puf0dkif;t0gonf aeol&defudk udk,fpm;jyKonf/
awm&,fpf a&vufMum;uRef;om; tvH
awm&,fpf a&vufMum;uRef;om; tvHonf tpdrf;? tjym? teufESif h tjzLwd Y k
jzpfonf/
• tpdrf;a&mif tpif;rsm;onf ukef;ajrudk udk,fpm;jyKonf/
• tv,fA[k dü&S daom abmifuGuftjymonf yifv,fud k ud k,fpm;jyKonf/
• rsOf;teufa&mifrsm;onf awm&,fpf a&vufMum;uRef;om;vlrsKd;udk
udk,fpm;jyKonf/
• tv,fA[kdü&Sdaom uacsonf\ acgif;aqmif;tjzLonf
awm&,fpf a&vufMum;uRef;om;tm;vHk;\ oauFwjzpfonf/
• Mu,fjzL\tpGef;rsm;onf awm&,fpf a&vufMum;&Sd uRef;pkrsm;udk
udk,fpm;jyKonf/
• tjzLa&mifonf Nidrf;csrf;a&;\ oauFwwpfckjzpfonf/
MopaMw;vsm; EdkifiHawmftvHonf tjym? tjzLESifh teDa&mifwdkYjzpfonf
MopaMw;vsm; tufabmf&pf*sifevftvHonf teuf? teDESifh t0ga&mifwdkYjzpf onf
awm&,fpf a&vufMum;uRef;om; tvHonf tpdrf;? tjym? teufESifh tjzLwdkY jzpfonf
tydkif; 1 - MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmfESifh jynfoljynfom;rsm; 13

14
"eo[m, wHqdyftrSwftom;
"eo[m, wHqdyftrSwftom;onf MopaMw;vsm;"eo[m,\ w&m;0if
oauFwjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf uREk fyfwd Y\ k trsdK;om;nDñGwfrIud k ud k,fpm;jyKonf/
¤if;onf MopaMw;vs"eo[m,\ tcsKyftcsmtmPmESif h yd kifqd kifrIjyjcif;wk dud Y k
az:ñTef;onf/
• tv,fA[k dü&S daom 'd kif;onf jynfe,fajcmufckESif h jynfawmifpkud k
ud k,fpm;jyKonf/
• om;yd kufaumif wpfaumifESif h tD;rsL;iSuf wpfaumifwd Yu k 'd kif;ud k
wpfzufwpfcsufrS az;rxm;Muonf/ om;yd kufaumifrsm;onf
MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiHwGif rlvuwnf;u &S daecJ haomwd&pämefrsm;jzpfMuNyD;?
tD;rsL;iSufrsm;onf MopaMw;vsm;\ Ed kifiHwGif rlvuwnf;u &S daecJ haom
iSufrsm;jzpfMuonf/
• a&Ta&mif "eo[m, Mu,fwpfyGif h onf 'd kif;tay:wGifwnf&S donf/
• aemufcHonf? MopaMw;vsm;\ Ed kifiHawmfyef; ]*d k;vf'ef 0yfwvf}
(golden wattle) jzpfonf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf\ yef;oauFw
MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiHawmf\ yef;oauFwjzpfonh f ]*d k;vf'ef 0yfwvf} opfyifi,fonf
t"dutm;jzif h? ta&SUawmifMopaMw;vsm;ü aygufonf/ aEGOD;ü tpdrf;vGifa&mif
t&Gufrsm;ESif h a&T0ga&mifyef;tajrmuftjrm;yGif honf/ MopaMw;vsm;\ jynfe,f
wpfckpDESif h a'owpfckpDwd Yüvnf;? k ¤if;wd Y\ k ud k,fyd kif yef;oauFwrsm;&S dMuonf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf\ EdkifiHawmfta&mifrsm;
MopaMw;vsm; Ed kifiHawmf\ Ed kifiHawmfta&mifrsm;rSm? ]*d k;vf'ef 0yfwvf} \
ta&mifrsm;jzpfMuaom tpdrf;a&mifESif h a&Ta&mifwd YjzpfMuonf/ k uREk fyfwd Y\ k
Ed kifiHawmftm;upm;toif;rsm;\ 0wfpH krsm;onf trsm;tm;jzif h? tpdrf;a&mifESif h
a&Ta&mifwd YjzpfMuonf/ k
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf\ EdkifiHawmfausmufrsuf
r[l&mzvm; ]td kyvf} (opal) onf MopaMw;vsm;\ Ed kifiHawmfausmufrsufjzpfonf/
tufabmf&pf*sifevf '@m&DwGif? oufwef Yu yx0Dajrud k xdawG YNyD;onf h aemuf?
r[l&mzvm;\ ta&mifud k zefwD;ch Javonf/
MopaMw;vsm; EdkifiHom;? uREfkyfwdkY\ bHkaESmifBudK;
"eo[m,\ w&m;0if oauFw
*dk;vf'ef 0yfwvf
MopaMw;vsm; EdkifiHawmf\ EdkifiHawmfta&mifrsm;jzpfMuaom tpdrf;a&mifESifh a&Ta&mif
r[l&mzvm; (Opal)

MopaMw;vsm;\ EdkifiHawmfoDcsif;
]MopaMw;vsm;\ tvSudk wdk;jr§ifhMuygpdkY}(Advance Australia Fair)onf MopaMw;vsm;\ EdkifiHawmfoDcsif;jzpfonf/ EdkifiHawmf\ aeYBuD;&ufBuD;rsm;ü
¤if;oDcsif;udk oDqdkMuonf/ MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;tjzpfcH,lyGJrsm;? t"du tm;upm; NydKifyGJpOfrsm;ESifh ausmif;rsm;üvnf; oDqdkMuonf/ ¤if;onf EdkifiHudk
nDñGwfapNyD;? MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;jzpf&jcif;\ 0rf;omaysmf&TifrIESifh yDwd*kPf wdkYudk vlod&SifMum; az:MuL;jcif;wpf&yfyifjzpfonf/
Advance Australia Fair
Australians all let us rejoice,
For we are young and free;
We’ve golden soil and wealth for toil;
Our home is girt by sea;
Our land abounds in nature’s gifts
Of beauty rich and rare;
In history’s page, let every stage
Advance Australia Fair.
In joyful strains then let us sing,
Advance Australia Fair.
Beneath our radiant Southern Cross
We’ll toil with hearts and hands;
To make this Commonwealth of ours
Renowned of all the lands;
For those who’ve come across the seas
We’ve boundless plains to share;
With courage let us all combine
To Advance Australia Fair.
In joyful strains then let us sing,
Advance Australia Fair.
*MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmfoDcsif;\trnfudk oifhtm; ppfar;Edkifaumif;aomfvnf;? EdkifiHawmfoDcsif;\ aw;om;rsm;udkrl pmar;yGJppfaq;rnf r[kwfyg/
tydkif; 1 - MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmfESifh jynfoljynfom;rsm; 15

tydkif; 2
MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiHawmf\ 'Drd ku&ufwpf
,H kMunfcsufrsm;? tcGif hta&;rsm;ESif h vGwfvyfrIrsm;
,cktcsdefrS tpjyKNyD; a&SUa&Smuf? bk&m;ocifudkwdkifwnfum?*
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmfESifh ¤if;\jynfoljynfom;rsm;xH? uREfkyfopömcHygonf
¤if;wdkY\ 'Drdku&ufwpf,HkMunfcsufrsm;udk uREfkyfuvnf;vufcHoabmwlygonf
¤if;wdkY\ tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh vGwfvyfrIrsm;udk uREfkyfvufcHav;pm;NyD;?
¤if;wdkY\ pnf;urf;Oya'rsm;udk uREfkyfonf xdef;odrf;í vdkufemNyD; emcHygrnf/
* ]bk&m;ocifudkwdkifwnfum} pum;vHk;rsm;ukd xnfhoGif;ajym&ef? odkYr[kwf rajym&ef? uwdjyKolu a&G;cs,fEdkifonf/

MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiHawmf\ 'Drd ku&ufwpf ,H kMunfcsufrsm;? tcGif hta&;rsm;ESif h vGwfvyfrIrsm;
MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiHom;tjzpfcH,lyG Jtcrf;tem;wGif? oifonf MopaMw;vsm; Ed kifiHawmf\
'Drd ku&ufwpf ,H kMunfrIrsm;ud kvufcHaMumif;? MopaMw;vsm;jynfolvlxk\ tcGif hta&;rsm;ESif h
vGwfvyfrIrsm;ud k av;pm;aMumif;wk dud Y k uwdopömjyKch Jonf/
MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiHawmfonf 'Drd kua&pDpepfud kusif hoH k;onf/ 'Drd kua&pDqd konfrSm?
rdrdwd Y\Ed k kifiHtm; tkyfcsKyf&efESih f rdrdwd Yud k k,fpm; Oya'rsm;ud k a&;qG Jjy|mef;&eftwGuf
jynfoljynfom;rsm;u ud k,fpm;vS,frsm;tm; vGwfvyfpGma&G;aumufonf h tpd k;&
pepfwpfckjzpfonf/
MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiHom;rsm;onf Nidrf;csrf;a&;? tav;*½kjyKrI? vGwfvyfrIESif h omwl
nDrQrIwd Yud k k ouf0if,H kMunfMuonf/ MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiHom;jzpfjcif;\ ta&;BuD;
aom tyd kif;u@wpfckrSm? tjcm;olrsm;wd YESif k h uG Jjym;jcm;rsm;rIrsm;ESif h qE´rsm;ud k
oifu oabmrwlvif hupm;? ¤if;wd Yud k k av;pm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ,if;\t"dyÜm,frSm?
rnfonf ht&yfa'ourSrqd k vmMuonfjzpfap? rnfonh ftpOftvmrsm;rqd k
&S dMuonfjzpfap od Yr[kwf? k usm;? r ra&G;? vlrsm;tm; w&m;rQwpGmqufqHjcif;ESif h
MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiHom;tm;vH k;ud k tcGif hta&;rsm;ESif h vGwfvyfrIrsm;ud k omwlnDrQ
ay;jcif;jzpfonf/
þ'Drd ku&ufwpf ,H kMunfcsufrsm;onf uREk fyfwd Y\ k Ed kifiHawmfESif h ,Ofaus;rIwd Yud k k
yH koGif;ch Jjcif;jzpfNyD;? vltajrmuftjrm;u MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiHom;rsm;jzpfvd kMujcif;\
taMumif;t&if;wpfckjzpfonf/ xd YaMumif k h oifonf þ'Drd ku&ufwpf ,H kMunfcsuf
rsm;ESif hwuG? MopaMw;vsm;jynfolvlxktm;vH k;u av;pm;Muaom tcGif hta&;rsm;
ESif h vGwfvyfrIrsm;wd Yud k k em;vnf&ef tvGefta&;BuD;ayonf/
uREk fyfwd Y\ k 'Drd ku&ufwpf ,H kMunfcsufrsm;
ygvDref 'Drd kua&pD
MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiH\ tpd k;&pepfrSm ygvDref 'Drd kua&pDpepfjzpfonf/ ¤if;\
t"dyÜm,frSm? Ed kifiHud k rnfod YtkyfcsKyf&rnfqd k konf htyd kif;ü MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiHom;
tm;vH k; yg0ifMuonf/ MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiHom;rsm;onf vTwfawmf(ygvDref) ü
rdrdwd Ytm; k ud k,fpm;jyKMurnf holrsm;ud k yH krSef rJqE´xnf hMujcif;aMumif h? tpd k;&\
trdef YtmPmonf MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiHom;rsm;wd YxHrS k vm&S donf/ Ed kifiHawmfud kpd k;rd k;
tkyfcsKyfonf hOya'rsm;ud k jy|mef;Ed kifpGrf;tmPmESif h jyKjyifajymif;vJEd kifpGrf;tmPm
onf vTwfawmf(ygvDref)üom&S donf/
ygvDref'Drd kua&pDpepfwpfckü vTwfawmfud k,fpm;vS,frsm;onf? ¤if;wd Y\ k qH k;jzwf
csufrsm;twGuf? a&G;aumufyG Jrsm;rSwqif h jynfolvlxkwd Ytay: k wm0ef&S dMu&onf/
w&m;Oya' pd k;rd k;rI
MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiHü aexd kifMuolrsm;tm;vH k;wd YtwGuf? k MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiH\
w&m;Oya'rsm;onf ta&;BuD;ayonf/ Nidrf;csrf;í pnf;pepfusaom vl Yabmif
wpfcktm; xdef;odrf;&mü? w&m;Oya'\ wefzd k;&S dta&;ygrIud k MopaMw;vsm;
Ed kifiHom;rsm;u vufcHtodtrSwfjyKMuonf/ MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiHom;rsm;tm;vH k;
onf MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiH wnfqJOya'rsm;\ tumtuG,fay;rIud k &yd kifcGif h&S dMu
onf/
MopaMw;vsm;Ek difiHawmf\ w&m;Oya'rsm;ud k vlwd kif; emcH&rnfjzpfonf/
tu,fí vlrsm;onf w&m;Oya'rsm;ud k rvd kufemMuygu? ¤if;wd Ytm; k &Jrsm;u
zrf;qD;Ed kifNyD; w&m;½H k; wuf&Ed kifonf/
MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiHom;rsm;tm;vH k;onf w&m;Oya't& omwlnDrQjzpfMuNyD;?
rnfonf hyk*¾ dKvf od Yr[kwf k tzG Ytpnf;rqd J k? Oya'pd k;rd k;rI\jyifywGif r&S dyg/ ¤if;ud k
]w&m;Oya' pd k;rd k;rI} [kac:onf/ MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiH\ vlrItzG JUtpnf;ü
vkyfyd kifcGif h tmPm&S dMuolrsm;onf? MopaMw;vsm;Ek difiHawmf\ w&m;Oya'rsm;ud k
vd kufemMu&rnf/ ¤if;ü tpd k;&? vlrItzG JUtpnf;acgif;aqmifrsm;? bmoma&;
acgif;aqmifrsm;tjyif? pD;yGg;a&;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;ESif h &JwyfzG JUwd Yvnf;yg0ifMuonf/
k
at;csrf;pGm aexk difMujcif;
uREk fyfwd Yonf k wnfNidrfrI&S daom tpd k;&pepf&S donf h Nidrf;csrf;aomEd kifiHwpfckü
aexd kifMu&jcif;ud k *kPf,lonf/ uREk fyfwd Y,H k kMunfMuonfrSm? ajymif;vJrIrsm;onf
aqG;aEG;jcif;? Nidrf;csrf;pGm qG Jaqmifjcif;ESif h 'Drd ku&ufwpfvkyfief;pOfrsm;wd Yjzih k fom
jzpfoif honf/ uREf kyfwd Yonf k tMurf;zufenf; oH k;pG Jí olwpfyg;\ pdwf? od Yr[kwf k
w&m;Oya'tm; ajymif;vJjcif;ud k jiif;y,fonf/
vlwpfOD;csif; tm;vH k;ud k? aemufcHra&G; av;pm;rI
urÇmwpf0ef;&S dEd kifiHrsm;rS vlrsm; MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiHütajccs&ef vmMuonf/
vltajrmuftjrm;ü uG Jjym;jcm;em;aom ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfrsm;? ,H kMunfcsufrsm;
ESif h ½d k;&mtpOftvmrsm;&S dMuonf/ uREk fyfwd Y\ k 'Drd ku&ufwpfvl Yabmifü?
MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiH\ Oya'rsm;ud k rcsdK;azmuforQumvywfvH k;? þ,H kMunfcsufrsm;
ESif h tpOftvmrsm;ud k uREk fyfwd Ytm;vH k k; vGwfvyfpGm vd kufemusif hoH k;Ed kifMuonf?
twlwuGrQa0Ed kifMuonf/
þvGwfvyfrIrsm;ud k uREk fyfwd Yu k wefzd k;xm;NyD;? MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiHom;tm;vH k;onf
rnfonf h vlrsdK;? csufjr§KyfEd kifiH? vdif? vdifwdrf;ñGwfrI? tdrfaxmifa&;tajctae?
touf? roefpGrf;rI? ½d k;&mtarGtESpf? ,Ofaus;rI? Ed kifiHa&;,H kMunfcsuf? Opöm"e
od Yr[kwf? k bmoma&;cH,lcsuf[líra&G;bJ wpfOD;ESif h wpfOD;tm; *kPfodu©mxm;?
av;pm;Mua&;ud k arQmfvif hvd kvm;onf/
vlrsm;tm;vH k;\ *kPfodu©mtm; tjyeftvSefav;pm;jcif;ud k uREk fyfwd Y k wefzd k;xm;
Muonf/
csKdUih Jaeolrsm;ud k pmem½d kif;yif;rI
MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiHü]taygif;toif;}(mateship) pdwf"mwfwpfck&S donf/ xd kt"dyÜm,f
rSm? vd ktyfrI&S donf htcgrsm;ü uREk fyfwd Yonf k wpfOD;ESif hwpfOD;tm; tultnDay;MuNyD;?
tultnDvnf;&,lMuonf/ taygif;toif;wpfOD;onf? rsm;aomtm;jzif h rdwfaqG
wpfOD;jzpfwwfNyD;? wpfpdrf;wpf&Hvnf; jzpfaumif;jzpfEd kifonf/ taygif;toif;wpfOD;
onf? td krif;aom tdrfeD;csif;xHod Y k tpm;tpm yd Yay;aumif;yd k Yay;rnf? k oli,fcsif;
wpfOD;tm; aq;ukorIcH,la&; csdef;qd kcsufod Y k um;armif;í yd Yay;aumif;yd k Yay;rnf? k
od Yr[kwf k txD;usefaeolwpfOD;tm; oGm;a&mufawG YqH kaumif;awGUqH krnf/
þtaygif;toif;pdwf"mwfaMumif h ajrmufjrm;vSaom vlwpfOD;csif;ESif h tzG Ytpnf; J
rsm;onf? apwemh0efxrf; vlrItzG JUtpnf;tvkyfrsm;rSwqif h? tjcm;olrsm;tm;
ulnDMuonf/ oifonfvnf; apwemh0efxrf;wpfOD;tjzpf vkyfud kifEd kifayonf/
apwemh0efxrf;tvkyfvkyf&jcif;tm;jzif h tvGefauseyfESpfoufrI&½S daponf/
¤if;onf ynmA[kokwud k a0rQ&ef? uRrf;usifrItopftqef;rsm;ud k wwfajrmuf&ef
ESif h MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiH\ vl Ytod kif;t0d kif;ü oif\yg0ifywfoufaepdwfud k wd k;yGm;
ap&efwd YtwGuf k tcGif haumif;BuD;wpfckvnf;jzpfayonf/ uREk fyfwd Y\ k tpd k;&onf?
csKdUih JaeMuaom MopaMw;vsm;jynfolrsm;wd Ytm;? k vlrIzlvH ka&;ESif h tjcm;0efaqmifrI
rsm;wd YrSwqif k hvnf; ulnDaxmufyH honf/
tydkif; 2 - MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf\ 'Drdku&ufwpf rl0g'rsm;? tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh vGwfvyfrIrsm; 17

18
uREkfyfwdkY\ vGwfvyfcGifhrsm;
vGwfvyfpGm ajymqdkEdkifcGifhESifh vGwfvyfpGm az:jyEdkifcGifh
vGwfvyfpGm ajymqdkEdkifcGifhonf vlrsm;tm; ¤if;wdkY\xifjrif,lqcsufrsm;udk
ajymqdkcGifh? a&;om;cGifh? ¤if;wdkY\ xifjrif,lqcsufrsm;udk tjcm;olrsm;ESifh
aqG;aEG;cGifhrsm;ay;onf/ vGwfvyfpGm az:jyEdkifcGifhonf vlrsm;tm; ¤if;wdkY\
tjrifudk tEkynm? ½kyf&Sif? *DwESifh pmayrsm;wdkYrSwqifh az:jycGifhay;onf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHü rnfonfhtaMumif;t&mESifhrQrqkdywfoufaom
uREkfyfwdkY\ xifjrif,lqcsufrsm;udk oD;oefYaomf¤if;? vlod&SifMum;aomf¤if;?
vGwfvyfpGm ajymqdka&;om;EdkifMuonf/ odkYaomfvnf;? uREkfyfwdkYonf tjcm;ol
rsm;ü xdcdkufepfemrI r&Sdap&yg/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;rsm;ü tpdk;&\ qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;ESifh w&m;Oya'rsm;udk Nidrf;jcrf;pGm
uefYuGufqE´jy&ef vGwfvyfcGifh&SdMuonf
vdrfnmpGyfpGJrIrsm;? w&m;Oya'tm; csdK;azmuf&ef? odkYr[kwf tjcm;yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;
tm; toa&zsuf&efwdkYtwGuf? tjcm;olrsm;udk tm;ay;rIrsm;udk uREkfyfwdkY
rjyKvkyfEdkifyg/ yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;\ toa&udkxdef;odrf;ay;&ef vdrfnmowif;ay;rI
rsm;rS umuG,fay;onfh Oya'rsm;&Sdonf/
vlrsm;\ ,Ofaus;rI? rsdK;EG,fZmwd? odkYr[kwf aemufcHtaMumif;rsm;wdkYaMumifh
¤if;wdkYtay:? tjcm;olrsm;u rkef;wD;Mu&ef? odkYr[kwf tMurf;zufMu&ef
BudK;pm;rIonf w&m;Oya'ESifh qefYusifonf/
vlrIa&;? odkYr[kwf EdkifiHa&;aqG;aEG;rItwGuf? trsm;oHk;ae&mrsm;ü¤if;?
odkYr[kwf oD;oefYae&mrsm;ü¤if;? vlrsm;ESifhawGYqHk&ef? uREkfyfwdkYwGif vGwfvyfrI
&Sdonf/ uREkfyfwdkYonf tpdk;&udk a0zefEdkifonf? tpdk;&\ qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk
Nidrf;jcrf;pGm uefYuGufqE´jyí Oya'rsm;udk ajymif;vJypf&ef pnf;½Hk;vIHYaqmfEdkif
onf/
uREkfyfwdkYuvnf; tjcm;olrsm;wdkY\ vGwfvyfpGm ajymqdkEdkifcGifhESifh vGwfvyfpGm
az:jyEdkifcGifhwdkYudk av;pm;&ayrnf/
owif;pm? ½kyfjrifoHMum;ESifh a&'D,dkrsm;wdkYüvnf; tvm;wl vGwfvyfrI&Sdonf/
MopaMw;vsm; EdkifiHom;? uREfkyfwdkY\ bHkaESmifBudK;
tzGJUtpnf;qdkif&m vGwfvyfcGifh
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;rsm;onf EdkifiHa&;tzGJYtpnf;? tvkyform;or*¾?
bmoma&;? ,Ofaus;rI? odkYr[kwf vlrIa&;tzGJYtpnf;rsm;wdkYuJhodkYaom
rnfonfh w&m;0iftzGJYtpnf;ürqdk? vGwfvyfpGm tzGJY0ifEdkifonf/ tzGJUr0if
vdkaMumif;udkvnf; qHk;jzwfEdkifonf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;rsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;ESifh pkaygif;í tpdk;&\ vkyf&yf
wpfckck? odkYr[kwf tzGJYtpnf;wpfckckudk uefYuGufqE´jyEdkifonf/ odkYaomf?
uefYuGufqE´jyjcif;rsm;tm;vHk;onf Oya'abmiftwGif;&Sd&rnf/ ,if;\
t"dyÜm,frSm? uefYuGufqE´jyjcif;rsm;onf at;csrf;rI&Sd&NyD;? rnfoltm;rqdk
xdcdkufemusifrIrjzpfap&yg? odkYr[kwf ydkifqdkifypönf;udk rzsufpD;&yg/
bmoma&;vGwfvyfcGifhESifh avmuDoD;oefY tpdk;&
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHü *sL;(&[l'D)ESifh c&pf,mef tarGtESpf&SdNyD;? MopaMw;vsm;
EdkifiHom;tajrmuftjrm;onf rdrdwdkYudk,frdrd c&pf,mefrsm;[kaz:jyMuonf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHü ]*G'fz½dkif;a';}(Good Friday)? ]tDpfwm qef;a';}
(Easter Sunday)ESifh ]c&pfpfrwfpfa';}(Christmas Day)uhJodkYaom
c&pf,mefaeYBuD;&ufBuD; rsm;onf trsm;jynfol ½Hk;ydwf&ufrsm;jzpfMuonf/
odkYaomfvnf;? MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmftpdk;&onf avmuDoD;oefYyHkpHjzpfonf/
¤if;\t"dyÜm,frSm? EdkifiHawmf\ w&m;0ifbmom[lír&Sd [kqdkvdkonf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;rsm;onf? ¤if;wdkY\ bmoma&;usifhoHk;rIrsm;u
EdkifiHawmf\ wnfqJOya'rsm;udk rcsdK;azmuforQumvywfvHk; rnfonfh
bmomw&m;udk rqdk? vGwfvyfpGm udk;uG,fcGifh&SdMuonf/ MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHü
c&pf,mefbmom tjyif? Ak'¨bmom? tpövmrfbmom? [dE´Lbmom? &[l'D
bmomrsm;ESifh tjcm;bmomtajrmuftjrm;udk vGwfvyfpGm udk;uG,fMuonf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;rsm;onf rnfonfhbmomt,l0g'wpfckckudkrQ
rvdkufemMubJ aevdku aeEdkifMu&efvnf; vGwfvyfrI&SdMuonf/ EdkifiHawmf
tpdk;&onf EdkifiHom;rsm;tm;vHk;udk bmomra&G;? ,HkMunfrIra&G;? wef;wlnDwl
qufqHonf/
bmoma&;aygif;pHk&Sdjcif;onf MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmftm; oGufvufjrL;

uREkfyfwdkY\ wef;wlnDrIrsm;
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHü wef;wlnDrI
olwpfOD;tm;? ¤if;\ vdif? vlrsdK;EG,f? roefpGrf;rI? odkYr[kwf touft&G,fwdkY
uhJodkYaom taMumif;wpfckckaMumifh tjcm;olrsm;ESifhrwl? cGJjcm;qufqH rcH&
ap&ef jy|mef;xm;aomOya'rsm;? tajrmuftrsm;&Sdonf/
trsdK;om;rsm;ESifh trsdK;orD;rsm;wdkY\ wef;wlnDrI
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHü trsdK;om;rsm;ESifh trsdK;orD;rsm;wdkYonf wef;wlnDwl
tcGifhta&;rsm;&SdMuonf/ olwpfOD;tm;? ¤if;\vdifaMumifh cGJjcm;qufqHjcif;
onf w&m;Oya'ESifh qefYusifonf/
trsdK;om;rsm;a&m trsdK;orD;rsm;yg tdrfaxmifa&;uJhodkYaom udk,fa&;udk,fwm
udpörsm;ESifhywfoufí? rdrdwdkYbmom vGwfvyfpGma&G;cs,fydkifcGifhrsm;&SdMuNyD;?
tNcdrf;ajcmufcH&jcif;? odkYr[kwf tMurf;zufcH&jcif;wdkYrS w&m;Oya'u
umuG,fay;xm;onf/
trsdK;om;rsm;ESifh trsdK;orD;rsm;yg? ynma&;ESifh tvkyftudkifwdkYü omwlnDrQ
tcGifhta&;&ydkifcGifh&SdMuonf/ trsdK;om;rsm;ESifh trsdK;orD;rsm;yg ygvDrefü
rJxnfhEdkifMuNyD;? ygvDrefü 0ifa&mufa&G;cs,fcHydkifcGifh&SdMuonf/ trsdK;om;rsm;
ESifh trsdK;orD;rsm;yg MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHwyfrawmfESifh &JwyfzGJUwdkYodkY0ifEdkifMu
onf/ trsdK;om;rsm;ESifh trsdK;orD;rsm;udk w&m;½Hk;rsm;ü nDwlrQwlqufqHonf/
tcGifhta&;\ wef;wlrI
uREkfyfwdkY\ vlYabmifü vlwef;pm;uGJjym;rIudk MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;rsm;u
vufcH,HkMunfrI r&Sdyg/ xdktpm;? uREkfyfwdkYonf vlwdkif;ü ]w&m;rQwaom
tcGifhta&;} (fair go) &xdkufonfh vlYabmifwpfckudk ,HkMunfMuonf/
þt"dyÜm,frSm? vlwpfOD;u ol\b0ü pGrf;aqmif&&SdcJhaom t&mwpfckckonf?
xdkol\ "e? odkYr[kwf aemufcHtajctaexuf? vkHYvESifh pGrf;&nfrsm;wdkY\
&v'faMumifhjzpfoifhonf/ Oyrm? olwpfOD;onf tvkyf&&Sd&mü? odkYr[kwf
&mxl;wdk;&mü? xdkol\ vlrIa&;aemufcHaMumifhr[kwfbJ? uRrf;usifrI? vkyf&nf
ukdif&nfESifh tawGYtMuHKrsm;wdkYtay: tajccHoifhonf/
MopaMw;vsm;ü rdrdwdkY\ vkHYv0D&d,ESifh pGrf;&nfwdkYaMumifh pD;yGg;a&;avmu?
twwfynm&Sifavmu? tEkynm&Sifavmu? tpdk;&0efxrf;avmuESifh
tm;upm;avmursm;wdkYü acgif;aqmifrsm;jzpfvmchJMuaom EdkifiHul;ajymif;vm
onfh vlopfrsm;\ b0ZmwfaMumif; ajrmufrsm;pGm&Sdayonf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHü &Sdaomolrsm;onf rnfonfhbmomudkrqdk vGwfvyfpGm udk;uG,fEdkifMuonf
trsdK;om;rsm;ESifh trsdK;orD;rsm;onf Munf;wyf? a&wyfESifh avwyfwdkYodkY 0ifEdkifMuonf
MopaMw;vsm;jynfom;rsm;tm;vH k; wuúod kvfwufMu&ef tcGif hta&;&S dMuonf
tydkif; 2 - MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf\ 'Drdku&ufwpf rl0g'rsm;? tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh vGwfvyfrIrsm; 19

20
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;
wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;ESifh tcGifhxl;rsm;
oifonf MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHü tjrJwrf;aexkdifolwpfOD;tjzpf? vGwfvyfí
'Drdkua&pDpepfusifhoHk;aom vlYabmifwpfckwGif aexdkifae&jcif;twGuf
arGYavsmfNyD;jzpfonf/ MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;wpfOD;jzpfvmonfhtcg? oifhü
wm0ef0wå&m; topfrsm; &Sdvmvdrhfrnf/ oifhü trsdK;pHkvifaom tusdK;aus;Zl;
topfrsm;vnf; &Sdvmvdrfhrnf/
wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;/ MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHudk oifu
aqmif&Gufay;&rnf
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;wpfOD;taejzifh? oifonf?
• w&m;Oya'udk vdkufem&rnf
• jynfaxmifpk? jynfe,f? odkYr[kwf a'oa&G;aumufyGJrsm;ESifh
qE´cH,lyGJwpfckckü rJxnfh&rnf
• vdktyfvmygu? MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmfudk ckcHumuG,fay;&rnf
• qifhac:cH&ygu? w&m;½Hk;ü cHkorm"dtzGJY0if (*sL&D)wm0ef xrf;aqmif
&rnf/
tcGifhxl;rsm;/ MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHu oihftm;
aqmif&Gufay;rnf
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;wpfOD;taejzifh? oif&xdkufonfrSm?
• jynfaxmifpk? jynfe,f? odkYr[kwf a'oa&G;aumufyGJrsm;ESifh
qE´cH,lyGJwpfckckü rJxnfh&rnf
• MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiH jynfolU0efxrf;vkyfief;? odkYr[kwf
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHwyfrawmfü tvkyfavQmufxm;Edkifonf
• vTwfawmf(ygvDref)ü a&G;cs,fcHEdkifonf
• MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHul;vufrSwfudk avQmufxm;NyD;? MopaMw;vsm;
EdkifiHwGif;odkY vGwfvyfpGm jyefvnf0ifa&mufEdkifonf
• yifv,f&yfjcm;ü&Sdcdkuf? MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiH\wm0ef&Sd yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;OD;
xHrS tultnD&,lEdkifonf
• yifv,f&yfjcm;ü&Sdcdkuf arG;zGm;aomuav;rsm;udk? rsdK;EG,foufqif;rI
t&? MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;rsm;tjzpf rSwfykHwifEdkifonf/
wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;
w&m;Oya' vdkufemrI
uREkfyfwdkY\ tpdk;&udk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf pnf;pepfusí? vGwfvyfNyD;? vHkjcHKrI&Sd
aom vlYtodkif;t0dkif;wpfckudk xdef;odrf;&efESifh? uREkfyfwdkY\ tcGifhta&;rsm;udk
umuG,f&eftwGuf? w&m;Oya'rsm;udk jy|mef;onf/ MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;
rsm;tm;vHk;wdkYonf MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiH\ vTwfawmf(ygvDref)? jynfe,fESifh
a'ovTwfawmfrsm;? NrKdUe,ftpdk;&rsm;u jy|mef;onfh w&m;Oya'rsm;wdkYudk
vdkufem&rnfjzpfonf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiH\ tcsdKUaom ta&;BuD;onfh w&m;Oya'rsm;\ taMumif;
tcsufrsm;udk ydkrdkod&Sd&ef? tydkif; 3? MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiH&Sd tpdk;&ESifh
w&m;Oya' üawGY&SdEdkifonf/
MopaMw;vsm; EdkifiHom;? uREfkyfwdkY\ bHkaESmifBudK;
jynfaxmifpk? jynfe,f? odkYr[kwf a'oa&G;aumufyGJrsm;
ESifh qE´cH,lyGJwpfckckü rJxnfhjcif;
rJxnfhjcif;onf? MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;rsm;tm;vHk;twGuf ta&;BuD;aom
tcGifhta&;ESifh wm0ef0wå&m; ESpf&yfpvHk;jzpfonf/ vTwfawmf(ygvDref)ü
uREkfyfwdkYtm; udk,fpm;jyKapvdkolrsm;twGuf uREkfyfwdkY rJxnfhMuonf/ þodkY
vkyfudkifjcif;tm;jzifh? EdkifiHawmfudk tkyfcsKyfrnfhenf;vrf;ESifh MopaMw;vsm;
EdkifiH\ tem*wfudk yHhydk;a&;wdkYwGif? uREkfyfwdkYtm;vHk; rdrdwdkY\ t,ltqrsm;udk
wifoGif;jyEdkifMuonf/
EdkifiHom;wpfOD;tjzpf? oifonf jynfaxmifpk? jynfe,f? odkYr[kwf a'oqdkif&m
a&G;aumufyGJrsm;ü yHkrSeftm;jzifh rJxnfhEdkifrnf/ oifonf MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiH\
zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'udk jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;qdkif&m qE´cH,lyGJwpfckckü? &Hzef&Hcg
rJxnfh&vdrfhrnf/ MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'qdkif&m
taMumif;tcsufrsm;udk ydkrdkod&Sd&ef? tydkif; 3? MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiH&Sd tpdk;&ESifh
w&m;Oya' üawGY&SdEdkifonf/
touf 18 ESpf? odkYr[kwf ¤if;\txuf&SdMuaom MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;rsm;
onf? ¤if;wdkY\ trnfESifh vdyfpmudk a&G;aumufyGJpm&if;ü rSwfyHkwifMu&rnf/
oif\ trnfonf a&G;aumufyGJpm&if;0ifNyD;jzpfu? touf 18 ESpf? odkYr[kwf
¤if;\txuf&SdMuaom MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;tm;vHk;onf jynfaxmifpk?
jynfe,f? odkYr[kwf a'oa&G;aumufyGJrsm;ü rysufruGuf rJxnfh&onf/
tcsdKUjynfe,frsm;ü? NrKdYe,ftpdk;& a&G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif rJxnfhjcif;onf?
rvkyfrae& r[kwfyg/
jynfaxmifpk? jynfe,f? odkYr[kwf a'oESifh NrKdUe,ftpdk;& a&G;aumufyGJrsm;ü rJxnfhjcif;tm;jzifh?
uREkfyfwdkY\ t,ltqrsm;udkdk wifoGif;jyEdkifMuonf
vdktyfvmygu? MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmfudk
ckcHumuG,fjcif;
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHwyfrawmfwGif trIxrf;jcif;onf rdrd\
qE´oufouft&jzpfaomfvnf;? vdktyfrIay:aygufvmygu?
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;tm;vHk;onf EdkifiHawmfESifh vlaerIpepfwdkYudk
yl;aygif;umuG,fMua&;twGuf? wm0efodMu&ef tvGefta&;BuD;onf/

qifhac:cH&ygu? w&m;½Hk;ü cHkorm"dtzGJY0if(*sL&D)wm0ef
xrf;aqmifjcif;
cHkorm"dtzGJY0if(*sL&D)wm0ef xrf;aqmifjcif;onf? touf 18 ESpf? odkYr[kwf
¤if;\txuf&SdMuaom MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;rsm;wdkYtwGuf wm0efwpf&yf
jzpfonf/ *sL&DqdkonfrSm? omrefMopaMw;vsm; trsdK;om;rsm;ESifh trsdK;orD;
rsm;wdkY\ tzGJYwpfckjzpfNyD;? xdktzGJYonf w&m;½Hk;trIwpfrIü taxmuftxm;
rsm;udk em;axmifMuNyD;? vlwpfOD;\ tjypf&Sdjcif;? r&Sdjcif;udk qHk;jzwfMuonf/
a&G;aumufyGJpm&if;0if rnfonfh MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;rqdk? *sL&Dwm0ef
xrf;aqmif&ef qifhac:cH&Edkifonf/
*sL&Dwm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;onf? w&m;½Hk;pepf\ yGifhvif;rIESifh rQwrIwdkY\
aocsmapa&;udk axmufulonf/
tcGifhxl;rsm;
MopaMw;vsm;jynfolU0efxrf;vkyfief;? odkYr[kwf
MopaMw;vsm; EdkifiHwyfrawmfü tvkyfavQmufxm;jcif;
tu,fí oifonf touf 18 ESpf? od Yr[kwf k ¤if;\txuf&S daom Ed kifiHom;
wpfOD;jzpfygu? oifonf MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiH jynfolU0efxrf;vkyfief;od Y k
0ifa&muf&ef avQmufxm;jyD;? MopaMw;vsm; tpd k;&xHü tvkyfvkyfud kifEd kif
onf? Oyrmtm;jzif h? pifwmvif h (Centrelink)? r,f'DuJ (Medicare)? od Yr[kwf k
MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiHawmftcGef½H k; (Australian Taxation Office) wd YjzpfMuonf/ k
touf 18 ESpf? odkYr[kwf ¤if;\txuf&Sdaom MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;rsm;
onf? oufarG;0rf;aMumif;twGuf? MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHwyfrawmf(Munf;wyf?
a&wyf ESifh avwyf) wdkYü? avQmufxm;Mu&efvnf; tcGifhta&;&SdMuonf/
vTwfawmf (ygvDref)ü ta&G;cH&&ef BudK;yrf;jcif;
touf 18 ESpf? odkYr[kwf ¤if;\txuf&Sdaom EdkifiHom;rsm;onf vTwfawmf
\ jynfaxmifpk? jynfe,f? odkYr[kwf a'tqifhrsm;wdkYü a&G;cs,fcHMu&&ef
BudK;yrf;EdkifMuonf/ MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf vTwfawmfü trIxrf;jcif;onf?
*kPfoa& wpf&yfjzpfonfhtjyif av;eufaomwm0efwpf&yf? ESpfckpvHk;rnf
onf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHul;vufrSwfudk avQmufxm;NyD;?
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHwGif;odkY vGwfvyfpGm jyefvnf
0ifa&mufjcif;
oifonf MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;jzpfvmonfhtcg? oifhwGif MopaMw;vsm;
EdkifiHü vGwfvyfpGmaexkdifcGifh&Sdonf/
oifhü MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHul;vufrSwfudk avQmufydkifcGifh&Sdonf/ MopaMw;vsm;
EdkifiHom;wpfOD;tjzpf? oifhü EdkifiHjcm;odkY c&D;xGuf&efESifh MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiH
twGif;odkY jyefvnf0ifa&muf&ef? vGwfvyfrI&Sdonf/ oifonf MopaMw;vsm;
EdkifiHodkY jyefvm&ef jynf0ifcGifh(ADZm) rvkdtyfyg/
yifv,f&yfjcm;ü&Sdcdkuf? MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiH oufqdkif&m
wm0ef&Sd yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;OD;xHrS tultnD&,ljcif;
urÇmhEdkifiHtajrmuftjrm;ü MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf\ oH½Hk;? r[mrif;BuD;½Hk;?
odkYr[kwf aumifppf0ef½Hk;rsm;&SdMuonf/ oiff EdkifiH&yfjcm;ü&SdaepOf? oifhwGif
vkdtyfrI&Sdaomtcgrsm;ü? oufqdkif&m t&m&SdwpfOD;OD;xHrS tultnDawmif;cH
Edkifonf/
þfvkdtyfrIwGif? jynfwGif;qlylrIESifh obm0ab;'ku©wdkYuJhodkYaom ta&;ay:
tajctaersm;yg0ifonf/ xdkt&m&Sdrsm;onf ta&;ay:EdkifiHul;vufrSwfrsm;
udkvnf;xkwfay;EdkifNyD;? xdcdkuf'Pf&m&jcif;? jyif;xefpGm emrusef;jzpfjcif;?
odkYr[kwf aoqHk;jcif;wdkYjzpfay:&mü tMuHÓPfrsm;ESifh taxmuftyHhrsm;udk
ay;Edkifonf/
tjcm;EdkifiHwpfckü&SdaepOf? xdkEdkifiH\ w&m;Oya'rsm;udk oifu vdkufem&rnf/
yifv,f&yfjcm;ü&Sdcdkuf arG;zGm;aomuav;rsm;udk?
rsdK;EG,foufqif;rIt&? MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;rsm;
tjzpf rSwfykHwifjcif;
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;rsm;ü EdkifiH&yfjcm;üarG;zGm;Muaom &ifaoG;rsm;&Sdaumif;
&SdEdkifonf/ ¤if;wdkY\ uav;rsm;udk MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;rsm;tjzpf rSwfyHkwif
EdkifMuonf/ xdktcg uav;rsm;onf? MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHü arG;zGm;Muaom
uav;rsm;tvm;? EdkifiHom;tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh wm0ef0wÅ&m;rsm;&SdvmMu
onf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiH vlrItzGJUtpnf;ü
yg0ifjcif;
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHonf EdkifiHom;tm;vHk;udk vlrItzGJUtpnf;ü yg0ifvIyf&Sm;Mu
&ef tm;ay;onf/ vlrItzGJUtpnf;ü yg0iffvIyf&Sm;Muaom EdkifiHom;rsm;onf?
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHudk enf;rsdK;pHkESifh taxmuftuljyKonf/ oifonf &yfuGuf
vlxktzGJYtpnf;rsm;ESifh a'ocH vlxktzGJYtpnf;rsm;wdkYü tzGJY0ifEdkifonf/
oifonf vlrIa&;&mESifh vlrItzGJYtpnf;a&;&mvkyfief;rsm;udk apwemh0efxrf;
wm0efxrf;aqmifay;Edkifonf/ oifonf tEkynm? odkYr[kwf ,Ofaus;rI
tzGJYtpnf;wpfckckü tzGJY0ifEdkifonf/ oifonf EdkifiHa&;avmuüvnf;
wuf

tydkif; 3
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf&Sd tpdk;&ESifh w&m;Oya'
22 MopaMw;vsm; EdkifiHom;? uREfkyfwdkY\ bHkaESmifBudK;
,cktcsdefrS tpjyKNyD; a&SUa&Smuf? bk&m;ocifudkwdkifwnfum?*
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmfESifh ¤if;\jynfoljynfom;rsm;xH? uREfkyfopömcHygonf
¤if;wdkY\ 'Drdku&ufwpf,HkMunfcsufrsm;udk uREfkyfuvnf;vufcHoabmwlygonf
¤if;wdkY\ tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh vGwfvyfrIrsm;udk uREfkyfvufcHav;pm;NyD;?
¤if;wdkY\ pnf;urf;Oya’rsm;udk uREfkyfonf xdef;odrf;í vdkufemNyD; emcHygrnf/
* ]bk&m;ocifudkwdkifwnfum} pum;vHk;rsm;ukd xnfhoGif;ajym&ef? odkYr[kwf rajym&ef? uwdjyKolu a&G;cs,fEdkifonf/

MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf&Sd tpdk;&ESifh w&m;Oya'
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;tjzpfcH,lyGJtcrf;tem;wGif? oifonf MopaMw;vsm; EdkifiHawmf\ wnfqJw&m;Oya'rsm;udk xdef;odrf;í vdkufemygrnfhaMumif;wkYdudk
uwdopömjyKchJonf/ oifonf MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf tpdk;&\tkyfcsKyfrIpepf? uREkfyfwdkY\ ygvDref'Drkdua&pDpepfü w&m;Oya'rsm;udk rnfodkYjy|mef;onfESifh
þw&m;Oya'rsm;udk rnfodkYusifhoHk;onfrsm;wdkYudk odem;vnf&efta&;BuD;onf/ oifonf EdkifiHom;wpfOD;tjzpf? wdkif;jynf\ tkyfcsKyfa&;ü oif\tqdkjyKcsufudk
rnfodkYwifjyEdkifrnfudk odem;&efvnf;ta&;BuD;onf/
oif\tqd kjyKcsufud k rnfod YwifjyEd k kifrnfenf;¿
rJqE´xnfhjcif;
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHü? touf 18 ESpf? odkYr[kwf ¤if;\txuf&Sdonfh EdkifiHom;
rsm;onf? EdkifiHawmfa&G;aumufyGJrsm;ü rJay;Mu&ef pm&if;oGif;Mu&rnf/
rJxnfhjcif;tm;jzifh? vTwfawmfü oifhtm; rnfolu udk,fpm;jyKrnfudk tqdkjyK
Edkifrnf/ tu,fí oifhtm; rSefuefpGm pm&if;roGif;xm;ygu? a&G;aumufyGJ
wpfckü oifonf rJay;Edkifrnfr[kwfacs/
oifonf a&G;aumufyGJrJay;&efpm&if;0ifoljzpfygu? MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf\
EdkifiHawmf(z,f'&,f)? jynfe,fESifh a'oa&G;aumufyGJrsm;wdkYü rJ rxnfhrae&
jzpfonf/ tu,fíoifonf a&G;aumufwpfckü rJ rxnfhchJbJ? rJ rxnfh&jcif;
\ taMumif;jycsuf rckdifvHkygu? oifonf 'PfaMu;ay;&rnf/ rJ rxnfhrae
&jcif;rSm? uREkfyfwdkYa&G;aumufMuonfholrsm;onf uREkfyfwdkY\ vltrsm;pku?
trSefwu,fyif vdkvm;Muolrsm;jzpfap&ef aocsmapaomenf;wpfckjzpfonf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf a&G;aumufyGJ aumfr&Sif Australian Electoral
Commission (AEC) onf? "eo[m, tzGJUtpnf;wpfckjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf
EdkifiHawmfqdkif&m a&G;aumufyGJrsm;ESifh qE´cH,lyGJrsm;udk usif;yay;NyD;? EdkifiHawmf
a&G;aumufMuolrsm;\pm&if;udk xdef;odrf;onf/ AEC onf rJqE´&Sifrsm;
twGuf? rQwNyD;? ajzmifhrwfaom a&G;aumufyGJrsm;jzpfajrmufa&;ü axmuful
onf/ AEC onf tpd k;&ESif hrqd kif oD;jcm;vGwfvyfrI&S donf/ Ed kifiHa&;tzG Ytpnf; J
rsm;? odkYr[kwf tpkd;&tzGJUtwGif;u vlrsm;wdkYu AEC qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;tay:
MoZmrvTrf;Edkifyg/ rJxnfh&mü vQdKU0Sufpepfjzpfojzifh? rnfonfh udk,fpm;vS,f
avmif;twGufrqdk rJxnfh&ef? oifhü vGwfvyfrIESifh vHkjcHKrI&Sdonf/ oifonf
rnfolYtwGuf rJxnfhonfudk rnfolrQrjrif&yg/ oifonf rnfolYtwGuf
rJxnfhonfudk oifu tjcm;olrsm;tm; ajymjyEdkifaomfvnf;? oifhtm;
rnfolurQ twif;tMuyf rajymckdif;Edkifyg/
taMumif;udpörsm;ud k oif\ ud k,fpm;vS,ftm; wifjyjcif;
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHwGif? oiftrIxm;&m taMumif;udpörsm;udk oifu
a&G;aumuf wifajr§mufxm;onfh udk,fpm;vS,ftm; wifjyydkifcGifh&Sdonf/
xdkYaemufü? Oya'topfrsm;? odkYr[kwf wnfqJOya'rsm;udk vTwfawmfu
pOf;pm;oHk;oyf aomtcgwGif? oif\tjrifrsm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;ay;Edkif
aumif;rnf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh? oifhü vl0ifrIBuD;Muyfa&;pepfudkydkrdkaumif;rGeffap
Edkifonfh tMuHÓPf wpfckck&Sdygu? oifonf xdkudpöudk aqG;aEG;&eftwGuf?
oif\ NrKdUe,fqdkif&m vTwfawmftrwfESifh &ufcsdef;,lEdkifonf/ oifonf
oif\½Iaxmifhtjrifrsm;udk pmjzifhvnf; &Sif;vif;az:jyEdkfifonf/
þenf;tm;jzifh? omref MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;rsm;onf tpdk;&\ w&m;Oya'
rsm;ESifh rl0g'rsm;udkyHkaz:&mü ¤if;wdkY\ oabmxm;tjrifrsm;udk tqdkwifoGif;
EdkifMuonf/
uREkfyfwdkY\ tpdk;&pepfudk rnfodkY
xlaxmifchJoenf;¿
jynfaxmifpk
1901 ckESpfrwkdifrD? MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHü udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfMuaom? NAddwdoQ
vufatmufcHa'o (udkvdkeD) ajcmufck oD;oefY&SdchJonf/
udk,fydkife,fedrdwfrsm;twGif;? vufatmufcHa'owpfckpDü ¤if;wdkY\udk,fydkif
zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'ESifh umuG,fa&;? vl0ifrIBuD;Muyfa&;? pmydkYc? ukefoG,fa&;
ESifh o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;wdkYESifh pyfvsOf;í ¤if;wdkY\udk,fydkif w&m;Oya'rsm;&SdchJ
onf/
vlrsm;u taMumif;jycsufrsm;pGmaMumifh? udkvdkeDrsm;udk aygif;pnf;apvdkMuNyD;?
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHwpfckwnf;tjzpfzGJYapvdkMuonf/ udkvdkeDrsm;wdkY\tMum;
ukefoG,fa&;ESifh o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;wdkYrSm wefzdk;BuD;rm;NyD;? aES;auG;chJonf/
e,fedrdwfrsm;ausmfNyD;? w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;rI cufcJcJhonf/ oD;jcm; udkvdkeDwdkYü
umuG,fa&;tiftm;onfvnf; csdeJYcJhonf/ ydkrdkí ta&;BuD;aomtcsufrSm?
MopaMw;vsm;\ EdkifiHawmftrsKd;om; vu©Pmonf pwifyHkay:aeNyDjzpfonf/
tm;upm;toif;rsm;u EdkfifiHwumü MopaMw;vsm;udk udk,fpm;jyKaeMuNyD;?
acwfpm;aom aw;oDcsif;rsm;? uAsmrsm;? 0w¦KESifh tEkynmwdkYü wpfrlxl;aom
MopaMw;vsm; ,Ofaus;rI zGHYNzdK;aeNyDjzpfonf/
EdkifiHudk pkpnf;wnfaxmif&mwGif tcuftcJMuHKchJMu&aomfvnf;? tcsdefumv
wpfck ausmfvmonfESifhtrQ? MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiH wpfpkwnf;jzpfvma&;
tMuHtpnfonf? vufawGUtaumiftxnfay:vmchJonf/ MopaMw;vsm;
EdkifiHom;rsm;onf ¤if;wdkY\EdkifiHay:xGef;vmchJ&mü awmfvSefa&;rS? odkYr[kwf
aoG;xGufoH,dkrIrSwqifh r[kwfbJ? aqG;aEG;nd§EIdif;rIESifh qE´cH,lyGJwdkYrSwqifh
jzpfay:vmchJonfh tcsufudk *kPf,lMuonf/
1901 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv 1 &ufaeYü udkvdkeDrsm;onf MopaMw;vsm;"eo[m,
EdkifiHawmf (Commonwealth of Australia) [kac:wGifchJaom jynfe,fwdkY\
jynfaxmifpktjzpf aygif;pnf;chJMuonf/
tydkif; 3 - MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf&Sd tpdk;&ESifh w&m;Oya' 23

24
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf\ zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'
1900 jynfhESpf "eo[m,MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'
(Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900) onf
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmftpdk;&twGuf? tajccHpnf;rsOf;rsm;udk owfrSwfxm;
aom w&m;0ifpm&Gufpmwrf;jzpfonf/ 1900 jynfhESpfü MopaMw;vsm;
EdkifiHawmf zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'udk rlvu? NAdwdoQvTwfawmfOya' (British
Act of Parliament) \ tpdwftydkif;wpfcktjzpf jy|mef;chJonf/ zGJYpnf;yHk
tajccHOya' pwiftwnfjzpfaom 1901 ckESpf ZEé0g&Dv 1 &ufaeYü?
MopaMw;vsm; udkvdkeDrsm;onf MopaMw;vsm;"eo[m, (Commonwealth
of Australia) rnfaom vGwfvyfonfhEdkifiHwpfEdkifiHjzpfvmchJonf/
atmufvTwfawmfwpfck(House of Representatives) ESifh txufvTwfawmf
wpfck(Senate) wdkYjzifh zGJUpnf;xm;aom "eo[m, MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiH
vTwfawmf (Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia)udk
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya't&? wnfaxmifcJhonf/
zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'onf? MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf\ w&m;Oya'rsm;udk
usihfoHk;&efESifh t"dyÜm,fzGifh&eftmPm&Sdonfhf? MopaMw;vsm; A[dkw&m;½Hk;
(High Court)udkvnf; wnfaxmifcJhonf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'ukd qE´cH,lyGJ[kac:onfh
txl;qE´rJxnfhjcif;rSwqifhom jyKjyifajymif;vJEdkfifonf/
qE´cH,lyGJwpfckwGif MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'udk jyKjyif
ajymif;vJ&ef? trsm;pkESpfq vdktyfonf/ ¤if;\t"dyÜm,frSm? jyKjyifajymif;vJ
a&; twGuf? jynfe,ftrsm;pkü&Sdaom rJqE´&Sifrsm;wdkY\trsm;pk &Sd&rnfjzpfNyD;?
EdkifiHwpf0ef;vHk;ü qE´rJxnfhMuoltrsm;pkwdkYu rJxnfhMu&rnfjzpfonf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf\ zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'
MopaMw;vsm; EdkifiHom;? uREfkyfwdkY\ bHkaESmifBudK;
tpkd;&\ trdefYtmPmudk
rnfodkYxdef;csKyfrnfenf;¿
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'onf? tmPmudk? tpdk;&\
tmPmydkiftzGJUtpnf; oHk;ckwdkYtMum; a0cGJxm;onf/ þodkYjyK&jcif;rSm?
vlwpfOD;? odkYr[kwf vltzGJYwpfpku MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmftm; tkyfcsKyf&ef
tmPmtvHk;pHkudk odrf;ydkufjcif;rS umuG,fwm;qD;a&;twGufjzpfonf/
Oya'jyKrI tmPm
Oya'rsm;udk a&;qGJjy|mef;&ef vTwfawmfü tmPm&Sdonf/
vTwfawmftm; udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh zGJYpnf;xm;NyD;? ¤if;wdkYudk
MopaMw;vsm;jynfolvlxku a&G;aumufwifajr§mufMuonf/
tkyfcsKyfrI tmPm
tkyfcsKyfrItmPmonf w&m;Oya'rsm;udk taumiftxnfaz:onfh
tcGifhtmPmjzpfonf/ tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJYpkü MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf
0efBuD;rsm;ESifh bk&ifcHcsKyfwdkYyg0ifMuonf/ 0efBuD;wpfOD;pDonf
tpdk;&Xmewpfck? odkYr[kwf wpfckxufydkaomXmersm;twGuf
wm0ef&SdMuonf/
w&m;pD&ifa&; tmPm
w&m;olBuD;rsm;xHü w&m;Oya'udk usihfoHk;&efESifh t"dyÜm,fzGifh&ef
tcGifhtmPm &Sdonf/ w&m;½Hk;rsm;ESifh w&m;olBuD;rsm;onf
vTwfawmfESifh tpdk;&wdkY\ MoZm vTrf;rdk;rIESifhrqdkif? oD;jcm;vGwfvyfrI&Sd
onf/
þtcGifhtmPmrsm;udk zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'ü xnfhoGif;a&;om;xm;onf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf\ t"dywdrSm
rnfolenf;¿
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf\ t"dywdonf MopaMw;vsm; EdkifiHawmf\ bk&ifr
(Queen of Australia)? bk&ifrBuD; 'kwd,ajrmuf tvdZbufof (Her
Majesty Queen Elizabeth II)jzpfonf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHwGif? bk&ifronf tpdk;&\ edpö'l0vkyfief;pOfü yg0ifjcif;
r&Sdyg/ bk&ifronf MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf\ tMuHay;csuft&?
bk&ifcHcsKyftm; olr\ udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfcefYtyfonf/ bk&ifcHcsKyfonf
EdkifiHa&;tzGJYtpnf; tm;vHk;wdkY\ MoZmvTrf;rdk;rIESifhrqdkif? oD;jcm;vGwfvyfrI
&Sdonf/
jynfe,fwpfckpDü bk&ifrtm; udk,fpm;jyKaombk&ifcH (Governor)
wpfOD;pD&SdNyD;? bk&ifcH\u@rSm bk&ifcHcsKyf\u@ESifh tvm;wljzpfonf/
pnf;rsOf;cH bk&ifpepf
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmfonf pnf;rsOf;cH bk&ifpepfjzpfonf/ pnf;rsOf;cH
bk&ifpepfqdkonfrSm? wdkif;jynfwpfcküf bk&if? odkYr[kwf bk&ifrwpfyg;u
t"dywdjzpfaomfvnf;? zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya't& vkyfudkifaqmif&Guf&onf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf\ ygvDref'Drdkua&pDpepfonf? zGHYNzdK;&ef &mpkaygif;
rsm;pGm MumchJaom NAdwdoQ pepftay: rSDjirf;xm;onf/ MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiH\
pepfwGif? EdkifiHawmftpdk;&\ acgif;aqmifrSm 0efBuD;csKyfjzpfonf/

k&ifcHcsKyf\u@
bk&ifcHcsKyfonf?
• MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmfvTwfawmfu twnfjyKay;onfh
Oya'rlMurf;rsm;(Bills) tm; Oya'jzpfvm&ef vufrSwfa&;xdk;onf?
(¤if;udk awmf0ifoabmwlnDcsuf Royal Assent [kac:onf)
• pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk vufrSwfa&;xdk;onf
• tcrf;tem;wm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifonf
• MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ESifh ¤if;\ 0efBuD;rsm;? EdkifiHawmf
w&m;olBuD;rsm;ESifh tjcm;t&m&Sdrsm;wdkY\ cefYtyfcH&jcif;rsm;udk
vufcHtwnfjyKonf/
bk&ifcHcsKyfwGif? oD;oefYtajctaersm;üom toHk;jyK&ef? ]oD;oefYtmPmrsm;}
(reserve powers) [kac:aom txl;tmPmrsm;vnf;&Sdao;onf/
MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiHawmf\ tcsdKUaomacgif;aqmif
rsm;um; rnfolwd Yenf;¿ k
EdkifiHawmf\t"dywd
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf\ bk&ifr
bk&ifcHcsKyf
t"dywd\ MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf&Sd udk,fpm;vS,f
bk&ifcH
MopaMw;vsm;jynfe,fwpfckpDüf&Sdaom t"dywd\ udk,fpm;vS,f
0efBuD;csKyf
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmftpdk;&\ acgif;aqmif
0efBuD;csKyf
jynfe,ftpdk;&wpfck\ acgif;aqmif
0efBuD;csKyf
a'otpdk;&wpfck\ acgif;aqmif
tpdk;&tzGJU0efBuD;
tpdk;&tzGJU\ tpdwftydkif;wpfcktm; wm0ef,l&eftwGuf? tpdk;&tzGJUwpfck\
acgif;aqmifu a&G;cs,faom vTwfawmftrwfwpfOD;
vTwfawmftrwf (MP)
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmfvTwfawmf? odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfwpfck?
odkYr[kwf a'ovTwfawmfwpfckü&Sdonfh MopaMw;vsm;jynfolvlxk\
a&G;aumufcH udk,fpm;vS,f
txufvTwfawmftrwf
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmfvTwfawmfü&Sdaom jynfe,fwpfck? odkYr[kwf
a'owpfck\ a&G;aumufcH udk,fpm;vS,f
NrdKUawmf0ef odkYr[kwf NrdKUe,fOuú|
NrKdUe,faumifpDwpfck\ acgif;aqmif
aumifpD0if
NrKdUe,faumifpDwpfck\ a&G;aumufcHtzGJY0ifwpfOD;
u,fefb&mNrdKUawmf&Sd vTwfawmf½Hk;a[mif; (Old Parliament House) udk 1927 ckESpfü zGifhvSpfonf
MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiHawmfud k rnfod YtkyfcsKyfoenf;¿ k
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmftpdk;&
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmftpdk;&udk jynfaxmifpk (Federal)tpdk;&? odkYr[kwf
"eo[m,(Commonwealth) tpdk;&[kvnf;ac:onf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmfvTwfawmfwGif vTwfawmfESpfck&Sdonf?
• atmufvTwfawmf
• txufvTwfawmf/
EdkifiHawmfa&G;aumufyGJrsm;ü? MopaMw;vsm;jynfolvlxku vTwfawmfESpfckpvHk;
\ trwfrsm;udk wdkuf½dkufa&G;cs,fMuonf/ EdkifiHawmfa&G;aumufyGJwpfckü oif
rJxnfhonfhtcg? oifonf trsm;tm;jzifh vTwfawmfwpfckpDtwGuf
udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk a&G;aumufwifajr§mufonf/
u,fefb&mNrdKUawmf&Sd vTwfawmf½Hk;opf (New Parliament House)udk 1988 ckESpfü zGifhvSpfonf
tydkif; 3 - MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf&Sd tpdk;&ESifh w&m;Oya' 25

26
atmufvTwfawmf (House of Representatives)
atmufvTwfawmfudk wpfcgwpf&H Lower House odkYr[kwf People's House
[kvnf;ac:Muonf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHudk jynfaxmifpk\ rJqE´e,frsm;tjzpf ydkif;jcm;xm;onf/
rJqE´e,fwpfckpDü&Sdaom MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;rsm;onf atmufvTwfawmfü
¤if;wdkYtm; udk,fpm;jyKrnfhyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;udk rJay;Muonf/ þudk,fpm;vS,fudk
vTwfawmftrwf Member of Parliament (MP) [kac:onf/
jynfe,fESifh a'owpfckpDwdkY\ vTwfawmftrwf ta&twGufudk ¤if;jynfe,f
ESifh a'owdkY\ vlOD;a&t&G,ftpm;tay: tajccHonf/ MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiH\
jynfolvlxkonf atmufvTwfawmfü trwf pkpkaygif; 150 wdkYudk a&G;aumuf
wifajr§mufMuonf/
atmufvTwfawmf\ ta&;BuD;aomwm0ef0wå&m;rSm? Oya'topfrsm;udk
jy|mef;jcif;? odkYr[kwf wnfqJOya'rsm;udk rGrf;rHjyifqifjcif;rsm;wdkYtm;? pOf;pm;
oHk;oyfjcif;? a0zefaqG;aEG;í rJcGJa&G;cs,fjcif;wdkYjzpfonf/ atmufvTwfawmf
trwfrsm;onf EdkifiHawmftwGuf? ta&;BuD;aomudpö&yfrsm;wdkYudkvnf;
aqG;aEG;Muonf/
txufvTwfawmf (Senate)
txufvTwfawmfudk wpfcgwpf&H Upper House odkYr[kwf House of Review
odkYr[kwf States' House [kac:Muonf/
txufvTwfawmfwGif? jynfe,frsm;\ vlOD;a& t&G,ftpm;udk y"merxm;bJ?
jynfe,frsm;tm; nDrQpGm udk,fpm;jyKxm;onf/ jynfe,fwpfckpDrS udk,fpm;vS,f
12 OD; a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufcHMu&onf/ jynfrBuD;\ a'oESpfckpvHk;wdkYu
udk,fpm;vS,f 2 OD;pDudk a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufMuonf/ udk,fpm;vS,f pkpkaygif;
76 OD; a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufcH&NyD;? ¤if;wdkYtm; txufvTwfawmftrwfrsm;[k
ac:onf/
txufvTwfawmftrwfrsm;onfvnf; Oya'topfrsm; jy|mef;jcif;?
odkYr[kwf wnfqJOya'rsm;udk jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif;rsm;wdkYtm;? pOf;pm;oHk;oyf
jcif;? a0zefaqG;aEG;í rJcGJa&G;cs,fjcif;wdkYudkjyKvkyfMuonf/ txufvTwfawmf
trwfrsm;onfvnf; EdkifiHawmftwGuf? ta&;BuD;aomudpö&yfrsm;wdkYudk
aqG;aEG;Muonf/
MopaMw;vsm; EdkifiHom;? uREfkyfwdkY\ bHkaESmifBudK;
atmufvTwfawmf
txufvTwfawmf
jynfe,fESifh a'otpdk;&
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHü jynfe,fajcmufckESifh jynfra'o ESpfck&Sdonf/ jynfe,fwpfckpDwGif ¤if;wdkY\udk,fydkif zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'rsm;ESifh udk,fydkifvTwfawmfrsm;&SdMu
onf/ jynfe,fESifh a'otpdk;&rsmudk ¤if;wdkY\ NrdKUawmfrsm;ü tajcpdkufxm;Muonf/
jynfe,ftpdk;&wpfck\acgif;aqmifrSm 0efBuD;csKyf(Premier) jzpfNyD;? a'otpdk;&wpfck\acgif;aqmifrSm 0efBuD;csKyf(Chief Minister) jzpfonf/
jynfe,ftpdk;&rsm;onf MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmftpdk;&uJhodkYyif tvkyfvkyfudkifMuonf/ jynfe,fwpfckpDü bk&ifcHwpfOD;onf MopaMw;vsm; EdkifiHawmf\ bk&ifrtm;
udk,fpm;jyKonf/ ajrmufydkif;a'owGif? bk&ifcHcsKyfu tkyfcsKyfa&;rI;(Administrator) wpfOD;udk cefYtyfonf/ tkyfcsKyfa&;rI;wpfOD;\ u@ESifh 0wÅ&m;rsm;onf
jynfe,fbk&ifcHwpfOD;ESifh qifwljzpfonf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmftpdk;&twGuf? jynfolrsm;u ¤if;wdkY\t&yfa'otwGuf? udk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;udk a&G;aumufwifajr§mufMuonf/ þudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf
jynfe,f? odkYr[kwf a'ovTwfawmfwdkY\trwfrsm;jzpfvmMuonf/
NrKdUe,ftpdk;&
jynfe,frsm;ESif h ajrmufyd kif;a'owd Ytm; k NrKdUe,ftpd k;&qd kif&me,fajrrsm;tjzpf yd kif;cG Jxm;onf/ ¤if;wd Yud k k NrdKUawmfrsm;? NrdKUe,frsm;? NrdKUrsm;? od Yr[kwf k jrLeDpy,ftzG JUrsm;
[kac:Ed kifaumif;onf/ e,fajrwpfckpDü ¤if;wd Y\ud k k,fyd kif &yfuGufaumifpDrsm;&S dMuonf/ &yfuGufaumifpDrsm;ü? t&yfa'otwGif;&S dvlxktwGuf 0efaqmifrIrsm;ud k
pDpOf&efESif h aqmif&Gufay;&efwd YtwGuf k wm0ef&S dMuonf/ NrKdUe,ftpd k;&e,fajrwpfckpDü&S dMuaom Ed kifiHom;rsm;onf ¤if;wd Y\ k &yfuGufaumifpD0ifrsm;ud k a&G;aumuf
wifajr§mufMuonf/

tpdk;&tzGJU\ tmPmydkiftzGJUtpnf;oHk;&yfwdkYu
bmvkyfMuoenf;¿
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ü wm0ef&Sd&mrsm;rSm?
• taumufcGef
• EdkifiHawmf\ pD;yGg;a&;udk pDrHtkyfcsKyfrI
• vl0ifrIBuD;Muyfa&;ESifh EdkifiHom;jzpfrI
• tvkyftudkif
• pmydkYvkyfief;rsm;ESifh qufoG,fa&;&m uGef,uf
• vlrIzlvHka&; (tNidrf;pm;vpmESifh rdom;pkaxmufyHha&;)
• umuG,fa&;
• ukefoG,fa&;
• avqdyfrsm;ESifh avaMumif;vHkjcHKa&;
• EdkifiHjcm;a&;&mrsm; (tjcm;EdkifiHrsm;ESifh qufqHa&;)/
jynfe,fESihf a'otpdk;&wdkYü wm0ef&Sd&mrsm;rSm?
• aq;½Hkrsm;ESifh usef;rm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;
• ausmif;rsm;
• rD;&xm;ydkYaqmifa&;
• vrf;yef;ESifh ,mOftoGm;tvm xdef;odrf;a&;
• opfawma&;
• &JwyfzGJU
• trsm;jynfol o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;/
NrKdUe,ftpdk;&ü wm0ef&Sd&mrsm;rSm?
• vrf;oauFwrsm;? ,mOftoGm;tvm xdef;odrf;a&;
• NrKdUe,fwGif;vrf;rsm;? vloGm;pBuørsm;? wHwm;rsm;
• a&Ekwfajrmif;rsm;
• O,mOfrsm;? uav;upm;uGif;rsm;? a&ul;uefrsm;? tm;upm;uGif;rsm;
• pcef;csuGif;rsm;ESifh vlae,mOffuGif;rsm;
• tpm;tpmESifh tom; ppfaq;jcif;
• toHESifh wd&pämef xdef;orf;a&;
• trdIufodrf;qnf;a&;
• &yfuGufpmMunfhwdkufrsm;? cef;rrsm;ESifh vlrsdK;pktzGJYtpnf;
pka0;&mtaqmuftODrsm;
• tcsdKUaom uav;xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufa&;ESifh
oufBuD;&G,ftdkrsm;tm; jyKpkapmifha&Smufa&; udpö&yfrsm;
• taqmuftODaqmufvkyfa&;qdkif&m cGifhjyKcsufrsm;
• vlrIa&; pDrHudef;
• &yf&GmNrKdUe,fwpf0ef; obm0ywf0ef;usifa&;&mudpörsm;/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ü EdkifiHawmf\ pD;yGg;a&; pDrHtkyfcsKyfrItwGuf wm0ef&Sdonf
jynfe,fESihf a'otpdk;&wdkYü aq;½Hkrsm;twGuf wm0ef&SdMuonf
NrKdUe,ftpdk;&ü uav;upm;uGif;rsm;twGuf wm0ef&SdMuonf
tcsdKUwm0efrsm;udk tpdk;&\tqifhtoD;oD;tMum; cGJa0,lMuonf/ tpdk;&\ tqifhtoD;oD;tMum; yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIudk tm;ay;&eftwGuf? MopaMw;vsm;tpdk;&
tzGJUaumifpD Council of Australian Government (COAG) udk wnfaxmifchJonf/
tydkif; 3 - MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf&Sd tpdk;&ESifh w&m;Oya' 27

28
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHudk tkyfcsKyfyHkü
EdkifiHa&;tzGJYtpnf;rsm; rnfonfhu@u
yg0ifMuoenf;¿
EdkifiHa&;tzGJYtpnf;wpfckonf? EdkifiHwpfckudk rnfodkYtkyfcsKyf&rnf[laom
tawG;tac:csif; qifwl&SdMuolrsm;\ tkyfpkwpfpkjzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf
tzGJYtpnf;\ oabmw&m;rsm;udk Oya'tjzpfodkYajymif;vJ&ef? vufwGJ
vkyfudkifMuonf/ MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHü&SdMuaom t"du EdkifiHa&;tzGJYtpnf;
rsm;rSm? Australian Labor Party? Liberal Party of Australia? the Nationals
ESifh Australian Greens wdkYjzpfMuonf/
atmufvTwfawmftrwfrsm;ESifh txufvTwfawmftrwfrsm;wdkY\ trsm;pkonf
EdkifiHa&;tzGJYtpnf;0ifrsm;jzpfMuonf/ tcsdKU EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;onf rnfonfh
EdkifiHa&;tzGJYtpnf;ürQ tzGJYr0ifxm;Muyg/ ¤if;wdkYtm; wpfoD;yk*¾vtrwfrsm;
(Independents) [kac:onf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHwGif oiffhpdwfqE´t&? oifonf EdkifiHa&;tzGJYtpnf;wpfckü
vGwfvyfpGm tzGJY0ifEdkifonf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmftpdk;&udk
rnfodkYzGJUpnf;oenf;¿
a&G;aumufyGJwpfckjyD;qHk;onfhtcg? atmufvTwfawmfü trwftrsm;pka&G;cH&
aom EdkifiHa&;tzGJYtpnf;? odkYr[kwf ñGefYaygif;tzGJYtpnf;u MopaMw;vsm;
EdkifiHawmftpdk;&udk zGJYpnf;onf/ þtzGJYtpnf;\ acgif;aqmifonf?
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmftpdk;&\ acgif;aqmif? 0efBuD;csKyf jzpfvmonf/
atmufvTwfawmfü 'kwd,trsm;qHk; aom trwfrsm;\ta&twGuf&Sdonfh
EdkifiHa&;tzGJYtpnf;? odkYr[kwf ñGefYaygif;tzGJYtpnf;udk twkduftcHtzGJU
(Opposition)[kac:onf/ ¤if;\ acgif;aqmifudk twdkuftcHtzGJU
acgif;aqmif (Leader of the Opposition) [kac:onf/
0efBuD;csKyfonf atmufvTwfawmfESifh txufvTwfawmftrwfrsm;udk
a&G;cs,fí 0efBuD;rsm;tjzpfcefYtyfonf/ 0efBuD;rsm;onf? tvkyftudkifa&;&m?
a&S;OD; wdkif;&if;om;rsm;a&;&m (Indigenous affairs)? odkYr[kwf b@ma&;
(Treasury) wdkYuhJodkYaom ta&;BuD;onfh tpdk;&tydkif;rsm;wdkY (Xmevufudkif
[kac:onf)twGuf wm0ef,lMu&onf/ MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmftpdk;&\
qHk;jzwfcsufcs&mü t"dutzGJUtpnf;jzpfaom 0efBuD;tzGJY (Cabinet) udk
tqifhtjrihfqHk;aom Xmevufudkif0efBuD;rsm;wdkYjzifh zGJYpnf;xm;onf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf\ A[dkw&m;½Hk;
MopaMw;vsm; EdkifiHom;? uREfkyfwdkY\ bHkaESmifBudK;
Oya'rsm;udk rnfodkYjy|mef;oenf;¿
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;rsm;onf? MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf\vTwfawmfwGif
¤if;wdkYtm;udk,fpm;jyK&ef? vlrsm;udk a&G;aumufwifajr§mufMuonf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmfvTwfawmfonf EdkifiHawmf\tusdK;twGuf?
Oya'rsm;udk jy|mef;jcif;? jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif;wdkYudk aqmif½Gufonf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmfvTwfawmf\ trwfwpfOD;onf Oya'opfwpf&yfudk
jy|mef;&ef? odkYr[kwf wnfqJOya'wpf&yfudk jyKjyifajymif;vJ&ef?
tqdkwifoGif; onf/ þtqdkwifrIudk Oya'rlMurf; (Bill) [kac:onf/
atmufvTwfawmfESifh txufvTwfawmfwdkYu Oya'rlMurf;tm; oabmwl?
rwludk pOf;pm;oHk;oyfMuí? a0zefaqG;aEG;MuNyD;? rJcGJa&G;cs,fMuonf/
tu,fí vTwfawmfwpfckpDrS trwftrsm;pkwdkYu Oya'rlMurf;udk
oabmwlMuvQif? Oya'rlMurf;udk bk&ifcHcsKyfxH wifjyMuonf/
bk&ifcHcsKyfu Oya'rlMurf;ud k vufrSwfa&;xd k;onf htcg? ¤if;onf
Oya'wpf&yf jzpfvmonf/ ¤if;ud k awmf0ifoabmwlnDcsuf (Royal Assent)
[kac:onf/
jynfe,fESifh a'otpdk;&rsm;onfvnf; ¤if;wdkY\ Oya'rsm;udk tvm;wl
jy|mef;Muonf/
Oya'rsm;udk rnfodkY pDrHcefYcGJoenf;¿
w&m;½Hk;rsm;
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHw&m;½Hk;rsm;onf Oya' t"dyÜm,fzGifh&efESifh usihfoHk;&efwdkY
twGuf wm0ef&SdMuonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf tpdk;&tzGJU\ MoZmvTrf;rdk;rIESifhrqdkif?
oD;jcm;vGwfvyfrI&Sdonf/ tu,fí olwpfOD;onf wnfqJOya'tm;
csdK;azmufcJhjcif;&Sd? r&Sdudk w&m;½Hk;uqHk;jzwfjyD;? 'PfaiGudk owfrSwfonf/
vlwdkif; w&m;½Hk;ü a&ShaewpfOD;\ udk,fpm;jyKay;cHcGifh&Sdonf/ w&m;½Hk;rsm;onf
¤if;wdkY\ qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk ¤if;wdkY\a&SUarSmuf&Sd taxmuftxm;rsm;tay:ü
om tajcjyKEdkifonf/
w&m;olBuD;rsm;ESifh atmuf½Hk;w&m;olBuD;rsm;
w&m;olBuD;? odkYr[kwf atmuf½Hk;w&m;olBuD;rsm;onf w&m;½Hk;ü tjrifhqHk;
aom tmPmydkifjzpfonf/ w&m;olBuD;rsm;ESifh atmuf½Hk;w&m;olBuD;rsm;ü
vGwfvyfrI&SdMuNyD;? rnfolurQ ¤if;wdkYtm; rnfodkYqHk;jzwf&rnfudk rñTefMum;
Edkifyg/
w&m;olBuD;rsm;ESifh atmuf½Hk;w&m;olBuD;rsm;udk tpdk;&u cefYtyfaomfvnf;?
¤if;wdkY\ qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk tpdk;&u oabmrwlvifhupm;? ¤if;wdkYtm;
tvkyfrjzKwfEdkifyg/

cHkorm"dtzGJYrsm;
w&m;½Hk;onf olwpfOD;u tu,fí wnfqJOya'csdK;azmufcJhjcif;&Sd? r&Sdudk
qHk;jzwf&ef? tcsdKUtrIrsm;ü cHkorm"dtzGJYudk toHk;jyKvdrfhrnf/
cHkorm"dtzGJYqdkonfrSm? jynfolvlxktMum;rS omrefvlrsm;udk MuHK&ma&G;cs,fNyD;
zGJYpnf;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ w&m;olBuD;u cHkorm"dtzGJYtm; w&m;Oya'udk
&Sif;jyonf/ jypfrIwpfckudk ppfaq;&mü? cHkorm"dtzGJYu vlwpfOD;tm; tjypf&Sd
aMumif;taxmuftxm;udk tu,fí &SmawGYvQif? w&m;olBuD;u jypf'Pfudk
csrSwfqHk;jzwfonf/
w&m;Oya't&qdkvQif? MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiH&Sdvlrsm;ü w&m;½Hk;u tjypf&Sd
aMumif;taxmuftxm; rawGY&SdorQumvywfvHk;? tjypfrJholrsm;[kowfrSwfcH
Mu&onf/
&JwyfzGJY
&JwyfzYGJonf vlxktwGif; Nidrf;jcrf;a&;ESifh pnf;pepf&Sda&;wdkYudk xdef;odrf;onf/
toufESifh Opömypönf;wdkYudk umuG,f&efrSm? ¤if;wdkY\wm0efjzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkY
onf tpdk;&\ MoZmvTrf;rdk;rIrS uif;Muonf/ tu,fí&JwyfzGJUu olwpfOD;
wpfa,muf Oya'csdK;azmufcJhonf[k ,HkMunfvQif? ¤if;wdkYu xdkoltm;
zrf;qD;EdkifNyD;? w&m;½Hk;wpf½Hk;odkY ac:xkwfEdkifonf/ w&m;½Hk;ü &JwyfzGJUu
oufaoxGufqdkEdkifaomfvnf;? olwpfOD;ü tjypf&Sdjcif;? r&dSjcif;udk w&m;½Hk;u
qHk;jzwfonf/
jynfe,frsm;ESifh taemufydkif;a'orsm;wdkYü? ¤if;wdkY\ udk,fydkif &JwyfzGJYrsm;&SdMu
onf/ ¤if;wdkYonf jypfrIrsm;udk jynfe,fESifh a'ow&m;Oya'rsm;jzifh udkifwG,f
ajz&Sif;Muonf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHwGif MopaMw;vsm;jynfaxmifpk&JwyfzGJU (Australian
Federal Police) [kac:onfh EdkifiHawmf&JwyfzGJY wpfzGJYvnf;&dSonf/
þ&JwyfzGJUonf jynfaxmifpkOya'qdkif&m jypfrIrsm;ukd pHkprf;ppfaq;onf/
Oyrm? rl;,pfaq;0g;ukeful;rI? EdkifiHawmfvHkjcHKa&;jypfrIrsm;ESifh
obm0ywf0ef;usif jypfrIrsm;wdkYjzpfMuonf/ MopaMw;vsm;jynfaxmifpk&JwyfzGJ
Uonf MopaMw;vsm;NrdKUawmfa'o (Australian Capital Territory)&Sd
taxGaxG &JwyfzGJUvkyfief;rsm;wdkYtwGufvnf; wm0ef&Sdonf/
MopaMw;vsm;ü &JwyfzGJUESifh vlxkwdkYtMum; qufqHa&;aumif;rGefMuonf/
oif\ t&yfa'o &JwyfodkY jypfrIrsm;udk wdkifMum;? tultnDawmif;cHEdkifonf/
oifonf MopaMw;vsm;Oya'rsm;jzifh tuRrf;0if&efta&;BuD;onf/
tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf? w&m;Oya'ukd rodem;vnfojzifh csdK;azmufrdygonf
[laom qifajcukd vufrcHjcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/
&Jt&m&SdwpfOD;tm; vmbfay;jcif;onf av;eufaomjypfrIwpfckjzpfonf/
&Jt&m&SdwpfOD;tm; vmbfxdk;&ef urf;vSrf;jcif;onfyif jypfrIwpfckjzpfonf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiH&Sd jypfrIrsm;
tcsdKUaom tvGefav;eufonfh jypfrIrsm;wGif? vlowfrI? wdkufcdkufrI? Avuúm&
jyKrI? vl odkYr[kwf ydkifqdkifypönf;wdkYtay: tMurf;zufrI? vufeufudkifí "m;jy
wdkufrI? odkYr[kwf cdk;0SufrI? Oya't& owfrSwfxm;aom vdkufavsmcGifhay;Edkif
onfht&G,f rrDfao;aom uav;i,frsm;? odkYr[kwf vli,frsm;wdkYESifh
vdifqufqHrI? armfawmf,mOf wpfpD;pD;udk tEÅ&m,fBuD;pGm armif;ESifrI?
w&m;r0ifonfh rl;,pfaq;rsm; ydkifqdkifrIESifh oHk;pGJrIESifh? vdrfvnfrIrsm;wdkYyg0if
Muonf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHwGif tjcm;olwpfOD;tm; tMurf;zufjcif;onf? tjcm;EdkifiH
rsm;ürSmuhJodkYyif? Oya'ESifhqefYusifNyD; tvGefBuD;av;aom jypfrIwpfckjzpfonf/
þwGif? tdrfwGif;ESifh tdrfaxmifa&;twGif; tMurf;zufjcif;wdkYyg0ifMuNyD;?
¤if;udk tdrfwGif;? odkYr[kwf rdom;pktwGif; tMurf;zufjcif; (domestic or
family violence) [kac:onf/ tdrfwGif;tMurf;zufjcif;ü? cE¨mudk,fydkif;?
vdifydkif;? odkYr[kwf pdwfydkif;wdkYt& ESdyfpufn§if;yef;rI? odkYr[kwf tEÅ&m,fjyKrI?
t"r® vdifqufqHrIrsm;? t"r®txD;usefaprI? odkYr[kwf t"r® aiGa&;aMu;a&;
ydwfyifrIrsm;wdkYyg0ifMuonf/
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHwGif "m;rsm;? odkYr[kwf aoewfrsm;wdkYuJhodkYaom vufeuf
rsm;udk udkifaqmifjcif;onf? Oya'ESifhqefYusifonf/ olwpfOD;onf Oyrm?
arG;jrLa&;jcHwpfjcHü oHk;pGJ&ef aoewfwpfvufudk ydkifqdkifvdkygu? aoewf
vdkifpifudk &JwyfzGJUxHrS OD;pGmyxr &,l&rnfjzpfonf/
,mOftoGm;tvm jypfrIrsm;
vrf;ESifh ,mOftoGm;tvm pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk jynfe,fESifh a'otpdk;&rsm;wdkYu
xdef;csKyfxm;onf/ ,mOftoGm;tvmpnf;urf;Oya'rsm;udkcsdK;azgufrItwGuf?
vlrsm;tm; BuD;rm;aom 'PfaiGrsm;udk csrSwfEdkifonf? odkYr[kwf axmifyifus
Edkifonf/ MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHwGif um;wpfpD;armif;&ef? oifhü xdkt&yfa'o
xkwf ,mOfarmif;vkdifpifwpfck&Sd&rnfjzpfNyD;? um;udkrSwfyHkwifxm;NyD;jzpf&rnf/
um;wpfpD;ü c&D;oGm;aeMuolrsm;tm;vHk;? xkdifcHkcg;ywfrsm;udkwyfqifMu&rnf/
arG;umpuav;rsm;onf? Oya'u twnfjyKtcGifhay;xm;aom arG;ump
uav; xdkifcHktwGif;ü &SdaeMu&rnf/ um;udk t&Sdefjyif;pGmarmif;ESifjcif;?
odkYr[kwf t&ufaomufNyD;aemuf? odkYr[kwf rl;,pfaq;oHk;pGJNyD;aemuf
um;armif;jcif;wdkYESifh pyfqdkifonfh ,mOfarmif;ESifrI pnf;urf;Oya'rsm;rSm
tvGefwif;usyfonf/ um;armif;aepOf vufudkifrdkbdkif;zHk;ESifh pum;ajymjcif;
onfvnf; Oya'ESifh qefYusifonf/
ed*Hk;
uREkfyfwdkY\ 'Drdkua&pD,EÅ,m;rsm;onf Nidrf;csrf;NyD;? wnfNidrfaom
todkif;t0dkif;wpfckudk zefwDf;xm;chJonf/ uREkfyfwdkYü

30
ppfar;rnfhtydkif; pum;vHk; t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsuf
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiH jynfolU0efxrf;vkyfief;
tpdk&Xmersm;ESifh ¤if;wdkYu tvkyfcefYxm;Muonfh 0efxrf;rsm;
aygvf(Paul) onf pifwmvifh (Centrelink) t&m&SdwpfOD;tjzpf? MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiH jynfolU0efxrf;vkyfief;ü tvkyf&onf/
vlxk qlylrI
BuD;rm;onfh vlta&twGufwpfcku? trsm;tm;jzihf tpdk;&tzGJU\ qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;? odkYr[kwf rl0g'rsm;wdkYudk uefYuGufqE´jyMujcif;ESifh ½kef;&if;qefcwffjzpfMujcif;
tpdk;&u trsm;rBudKufaom w&m;Oya'rsm;udk xkwfjyefonfhtwGuf? vlxktHk

a&G;aumufyGJtrnfpm&if;
a&G;aumufyGJwpfck? odkYr[kwf qE´cH,lyGJwpfckü rJxnfhydkifcGifh&SdMuolrsm;wdkY\ trnfpm&if;
*s,fef(Jan) onf rJ½HkodkYa&mufvmaomtcg? t&m&Sdonf olr\trnfudk a&G;aumufyGJtrnfpm&if;ü Munfh½Ionf/
Oya'\ trdefYtmPmwnfaprI
vlrsm; w&m;Oya'vdkufemMuap&ef aocsmapjcif;
&JwyfzGJUonf Oya'\ trdefYtmPmudk wnfapNyD;? at;csrf;rIudk xdef;odrf;onf/
tkyfcsKyfrI tmPm
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'atmuf&Sd? tmPmoHk;ckteuf wpfckjzpfaom? w&m;Oya'rsm;udk pDrHtkyfcsKyfonfh tcGifhtmPmESifh vkyfydkifcGifh
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmftpdk;&tzGJU0efBuD;rsm;ESifh bk&ifcHcsKyfwdkYxHwGif? EdkifiHawmfvTwfawmfu jy|mef;aom w&m;Oya'rsm;tm; pDrHcefYcGJ&ef tkyfcsKyfrItmPm&Sd
Muonf/
jynfaxmifpk
udkvdkeDrsm;u? ¤if;wdkY\ tcGifhtmPmrsm;tcsdKUudk qufvufcsKyfudkifxm;vsuf? wpfEdkifiHwnf;jzpfvm&ef yl;aygif;Mujcif;
1901 ckESpfü? ukdvdkeDrsm;onf "eo[m, MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf[kac:onfh jynfaxmifpkwpfcktjzpf aygif;pnf;Muonf/
yxroabFmtkyfpk (First Fleet)
e,l;aqmufofa0;vfpfwGif tusOf;om;pcef;udkwnfaxmif&ef? uyÜwdef tmom zdvpfyf (Captain Arthur Phillip) acgif;aqmifí? NAdwdefrS xGufcGgvmcJhaom
oabFm(11)pD;\tkyfpk
MopaMw;vsm;aeYwGif? 26 Zefe0g&D 1788 ckESpfwGif Sydney Cove ü yxroabFmpk qdkufa&mufvmcJhjcif;udk? uREkfyfwdkY owd&Muonf/
yef; trSwfwHqdyf
EdkifiHawmf yef;
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf\ yef; trSwfwHqdyfonf ]*dk;vf'ef 0yfwvf} jzpfonf/
t"r® txD;usefaprI
tdrfaxmifqufqHa&;wpfckwGif? vlwpfOD;u rdrd\tdrfaxmifbufonf rnfolESifh awGYqHkpum;ajymqdkonf? rnfonfrsm;udk zwfonfESifh rnfonfhae&modkYoGm;onf
wdkYtm; xdef;csKyffrIonf? tdrfwGif;tMurf;zufrIyHkpHwpfckjzpfonf
qef'D(Sandi)onf t"r® txD;usefcHchJ&onf? tb,faMumifhqdkaomf olr\cifyGef;u olrtm; rdwfaqGrsm;? odkYr[kwf rdom;pkwdkYtm; awGYqHkcGifhrjyKchJay/
,cktcsdefrSa&SUa&Smuf
,cktcsdefrSESifh tem*wfwGif
EdkifiHom;cH,lyGJtcrf;tem;ü? oifonf MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmftay: ,cktcsdefrSa&SUa&SmufNyD;? opöm&Sdygrnf[k uwdjyKchJonf/
txifu& trSwftom;
vlodrsm; trSwftom;wpfck
Opera House onf qpf'eDjrdKU\ xifay:ausmfMum;aom txifu& trSwftom;wpfckjzpfonf/
a&S;OD;wdkif;&if;om; vlrsdK;rsm;
ukef;ajrü rlvu aexdkifcJhMuolrsm;/ MopaMw;vsm;ü? tufabmf&pf*sifevfESifh awm&,fpf a&vufMum;uRef;rS uRef;om;rsm;
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiH vlOD;a&\ 2.5 &mcdkifEIef;onf MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiH\ a&S;OD;wdkif;&if;om; vlrsdK;rsm;jzpfMuonf/
*sL;(&[l'D)? c&pf,mef(Judaeo-Christian)
*sL;(&[l'D)ESifh c&pf,mefbmomESpfrsdK;pvHk;ESifh ywfoufaom
*sL;? c&pf,mefpHrsm;onf or®musrf;pmtxJü&SdMuaom ocFPf;pmrsm;tay: tajcjyKxm;onf/
ppfar;rnfhtydkif; pum;vHk; t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsuf 31

32
w&m;pD&ifa&;tmPm
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'&Sd? tmPmoHk;ckteuf wpfckjzpfaom? w&m;Oya'rsm;udk usihfoHk;&efESifh teuft"dyÜm,fzGifh&efwdkYtwGuf tmPmESifh
vkyfydkifcGifh
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf&Sd w&m;½Hk;rsm;ü? w&m;Oya'rsm;udk usihfoHk;&efESifh t"dyÜm,fzGifh&efwdkYtwGuf tmPmESifh vkyfydkifcGifh&Sdonf/
Oya'jyKrItmPm
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'&Sd? tmPmoHk;ckteuf wpfckjzpfaom? Oya'rsm;udk a&;qGJjy|mef;&efESifh jyKjyifajymif;vJ&efwdkYtwGuf tmPmESifh
vkyfydkifcGifh
EdkifiHawmf zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya't&? vTwfawmfü Oya'jyKrItmPm&Sdonf? wpfenf;qdk&vQif? w&m;Oya'rsm;udk a&;qGJjy|mef;Edkifonfh tcGifhtmPm&Sdonf/
vGwfvyfrIrsm;(vGwfvyfrI)
udk,fydkif vGwfvyfrI? tcsKyftcs,fuif;rI
uREkfyfwdkY\ 'Drdku&ufwpfvlYabmifwGif? vlrsm;ü vGwfvyfpGmajymqdkcGifh? vGwfvyfpGmxkwfaz:cGifh? bmoma&;vGwfvyfcGifhESifh tzGJUtpnf;zGJUpnf;jcif;\ vGwfvyfcGifh
rsm;&SdMuonf/ þvGwfvyfcGifhrsm;udk uREkfyfwdkYwefzdk;xm;Muonf/
atmuf½Hk;w&m;olBuD;(magistrate)
tqifhedrhfw&m;½Hk;wpfck\ w&m;olBuD;(acgif;aqmif)
atmuf½Hk;w&m;olBuD;onf "m;jytm; tjypf&SdaMumif;awGY&SdNyD;? tusOf;axmifodkY ydkYvdkufonf/
taygif;toif;pdwf"gwf (mateship)
cufcJrI&Sdonfhtcdkuftcgrsm;ü txl;tm;jzifh? tjcm;olrsm;tm;ulnDjcif;ESifh tjcm;olrsm;xHrS tultnD&&Sdjcif;
uREkfyf\ um;ysufoGm;aomtcg? tjcm;um;armif;olrsm;wdkYu taygif;toif;pdwf"gwfjzifh? um;udk ulnDwGef;ay;Muonf/
EdkifiHawmfoDcsif;
EdkifiHawmf aw;oDcsif;
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiH\ EdkifiHawmfoDcsif;rSm Advance Australia Fair jzpfonf/
ygvDref 'Drdkua&pDpepf
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;rsm;u vTwfawmfü udk,fpm;jyKMurnfholrsm;tm; yHkrSef rJqE´xnfhMujcif;udktajcjyKxm;aom tpdk;&pepfwpfck
ygvDref 'Drdkua&pDpepfwpfckü? vlrsm;u ¤if;wdkY\udk,fpm;vS,frsm;twGuf? rJqE´xnfhMuonf/
tjrJwrf;aexkdifol
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHü tcsdeftuefYtowfr&Sd aexkdifEdkifNyD;? tvkyfvkyfudkif&ef ADZm&Sdol
tAf'kvf(Abdul) \ *syefvlrsdK; tdrfeD;em;csif;onf MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHü tjrJwrf;aexkdifolwpfOD;jzpfNyD;? bPfwpfckü tvkyfvkyfudkifonf/
EdkifiHa&;tzGJYtpnf;
EdkifiHwpfckudk rnfodkYtkyfcsKyf&rnf[laom tawG;tac:csif; wlnDMuolrsm;\ tkyfpkwpfpk
EdkifiHa&;tzGJYtpnf;wpfck\ tzGJY0ifrsm;onf yHkrSefawGYqHkMuonf? Oyrm trsm;jynfoloHk; o,f,lydkYaqmifa&; wdk;wufrIrsm;twGuf aqG;aEG;Mujcif;/
jynfolU0efaqmifrIvkyfief;
EdkifiHawmf\tusKd;twGuftwGuf? tcsdef? pGrf;tm;? odkYr[kwf uRrf;usifrIudk toHk;csrI
[dkaq(Jose) onf? 'ku©onfrsm; MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHü aeom;wus tajccs Edkifa&;udk ulnDaqmif&Gufay;jcif;tm;jzifh? tzdk;wefonfh jynfolU0efaqmifrI
vkyfief;wpf&yfudk aqmif&GufcJhonf/
qE´cH,lyGJ
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiH\ zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'udk tqdkwif jyKjyifajymif;vJrIwpfck twGuf rJqE´&Sifrsm;u rJxnfhMujcif;
1967 ckESpf qE´cH,lyGJwpfckwGif? oef;acgifpm&if;ü MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiH\ a&S;OD;wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;EG,fwdkYtm; xnfhoGif;a&wGuf&ef vlxku rJqE´ay;Muonf/
MopaMw;vsm; EdkifiHom;? uREfkyfwdkY\ bHkaESmifBudK;

udk,fpm;vS,f
tjcm;olrsm;\udk,fpm;? vkyfudkifaqmif&Gufol? odkYr[kwf ajymqdkol
uREkfyf\ NrKdUe,faumifpDudk,fpm;vS,fonf uREkfyf\ tMuHtpnfudk oabmus ESpfNcdKufNyD;? ¤if;udk aumifpDtpnf;ta0;üwifjyonf/
jyefvnfoHk;oyfcsuf
Oya'opfjzpfa&;tvdkYiSm? tqdkjyKcsufwpf&yftm; pOf;pm;oHk;oyfjcif;ESifh ¤if;udk vufcH&ef? odkYwnf;r[kwf y,fcs&ef qHk;jzwfjcif;
txufvTwfawmfonf House of Review tjzpf? atmufvTwfawmf\ tcGefqdkif&m Oya'rlMurf;wpfckudk tacstwif aqG;aEG;Muonf/
vQdKU0SufrJ
vlrsm;u wpfoD;wpfoefY odkodyfpGm rJxnfhMuaom rJay;onfhpepf? odkYtm;jzifh xdkolrsm;wdkYtm; yHkpHwpfrsdK;rsdK;t& rJxnfhMu&ef? rnfolurQ wenf;enf;ESifh
qG,fEdkifjcif;? odkYr[kwf zdtm;ay;Edkifjcif; r&Sdawmhacs
vQdKU0SufrJxnfh&mü? oif\ rJudk oifu a&;om;aecdkuf? rnfolurQ oifhtm; rMunfhyg/
avmuDoD;oefY
bmoma&;rS oD;jcm;jzpfjcif;
avmuDoD;oefY vlYabmiftzGJYtpnf;wpfckü w&m;0ifbmom[lí r&Sday/
r? wnfrI
wnfaqmufjcif;? wnfaxmifjcif;? tpjyKjcif;
bk&ifcH zdvpfyf onf? e,l;aqmufofa0;vfpf ü yxrqHk;udkvdkeDudk pwifxlaxmifcJhonf/
jrdKUe,f
ae&mtvdkuf tpdk;&u tkyfcsKyfa&;&mt& owfrSwfxm;aome,fajrwpfck
uREkfyfwdkY\jrdKUe,f&Sd vrf;rrsm;onf? tvGef ab;uif;onf/
vlrIzlvHka&;
tvkyfvufrJhrsm;? roefpGrf;Muolrsm;? oufBuD;&G,ftdkrsm;ESifh tjcm;aom vdktyfrI&SdaeMuolrsm;tm; ulnDaxmufyHh&ef tpdk;&uay;aom tNidrf;pm;vpm? odkYr[kwf
axmufyHhaMu;
x&ef(Trang) tvkyfjyKwfoGm;onfhtcg? olr vlrIzlvHka&;axmufyHhaMu;udk avQmufchJ&onf/
uHprf;jcif;
jzpfEdkif&m tcGifhtvrf;wpfckudk ,ljcif;
uREkfyfonf r,fvbef qkzvm; (Melbourne Cup) ü jrif;wpfaumiftay: a':vm 10 ESpfpOf avmif;pm;í uHprf;onf/
apwemh0efxrf;
aiGaMu;udk rajr§mfrSef;bJ? vlwpfOD;? odkYr[kwf tzGJYtpnf;wpfcktwGuf rdrd\ tcsdefudkay;ol
&mZm(Raza) onf? vltrsm;tm; ¤if;wdkY\aetdrfü t*Fvdyfpmoifay;aom apwemh0efxrf;wpfOD;jzpfonf/
ppfar;rnfhtydkif; pum;vHk; t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsuf
33

avhusifha&; tprf;ar;cGef;rsm;
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmfESifh jynfoljynfom;rsm;
1/ tJef;Zufuf aeYü uREkfyfwdkY tb,fudk owd&Muoenf;¿
u? MopaMw;vsm;ESifh e,l;ZDvef wyfrBuD;? *vpfyvDurf;ajcü
oufqif;Mujcif;
c? NAdwdefrS vGwfvyfpGm vma&muftajccsolrsm;wdkY\ yxrtokwf?
qdkufa&mufvmMujcif;
*? Sydney Cove ü yxroabFmtkyfpk qdkufa&mufvmjcif;
2/ MopaMw;vsm; tufabmf&pf*sifevf tvH\
ta&mifrsm;um; tb,fenf;¿
u? teuf? teDESifh t0g
c? tpdrf;? tjzLESifh teuf
*? tjym? tjzLESifh tpdrf;
3/ rnfonfh w&m;0if oauFwu MopaMw;vsm;"eo[m,\
ydkifqdkifrIudk udk,fpm;jyKoenf;¿
u? EdkifiHawmfoDcsif;
c? MopaMw;vsm;\ EdkifiHawmfyef;
*? "eo[m,\ w&m;0if oauFw (Commonwealth Coat of Arms)
kifiHawmf\ 'Drd ku&ufwpf ,H kMunfcsufrsm;? tcGif hta&;rsm;ESif h vGwfvyfrIrsm; 333MopaMw;vsm;Ed
4/ MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiH tpdk;&pepfESifh ywfoufí
atmufygrnfonfh a&;om;csufrSm rSefuefoenf;¿
u? MopaMw;vsm;\ bk&ifronf? MopaMw;vsm;vTwfawmfudk zGJYpnf;&ef
yk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; a&G;cs,fonf
c? tpdk;&udk jynfolvlxku a&G;cs,fonf
*? 0efBuD;csKyfonf vTwfawmftrwfrsm;udk a&G;cs,fonf
5/ atmufygü rnfonhft&monf vGwfvyfpGm
ajymqdka&;om;cGifh\ Oyrmwpfckjzpfoenf;¿
u? owif;pmrsm; rnfonfhtaMumif;t&mudkrqdk a&;om;EdkifMuonf
c? trsdK;om;rsm;ESifh trsdK;orD;rsm;udk w&m;½Hk;wpfck0,f wef;wl
qufqHonf
*? MopaMw;vsm;jynfom;rsm;onf bmomt,l0g'wpfckckudk
r,HkMunfMu&ef vGwfvyfrI&SdMuonf
6/ MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiH&Sd tpdk;&ESifhywfoufí atmufyg
rnfonfha&;om;csufrSm rSefuefoenf;¿
u? tpdk;&onf tcsdKUaom bmomt,l0g'rsm;udk cGifhrjyKacs
c? MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHtpdk;&onf avmuDoD;oefYjzpfonf
*? bmoma&; Oya'rsm;udk vTwfawmfu jy|mef;onf
7/ atmufygü rnfonhft&monf wef;wlnDrI\
Oyrmwpfckjzpfoenf;¿
u? vlwdkif; bmomwpfckwnf;udkom ,HkMunfudk;uG,fMuonf
c? trsdK;om;rsm;ESifh trsdK;orD;rsm; tcGifhta&;csif; wlnDMuonf
*? vlwdkif; EdkifiHa&;tzGJYtpnf;wpfckwnf;üom tzGJY0ifMuonf
8/ atmufygrnfonfht&monf touf 18 ESpf? odkYr[kwf
¤if;\txuf&SdMuaom MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;rsm;wdkY\
wm0efwpfckjzpfoenf;¿
u? &yfuGufaumifpD tpnf;ta0;rsm;odkY wufa&mufMu&ef
c? a&G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif rJxnfhMu&ef
*? oufwrf;&SdqJ MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHul;vufrSwfwpfapmif&Sd&ef
9/ atmufygrnfonhft&monf touf 18 ESpf? odkYr[kwf
¤if;\txuf&SdMuaom MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHom;rsm;wdkY\
wm0efwpfckjzpfoenf;¿
u? &yf&GmvlrItzGJYYtpnf; 0efaqmifrI vkyfudkif&ef
c? EdkifiHul;vufrSwfwpfapmifudk tjrJudkifaqmifxm;&ef
*? tu,fí qifhac:cH&ygu? cHkorm"dtzGJY0if(*sL&D)wm0ef
xrf;aqmif&ef
10/ EdkifiHul;vufrSwfrsm;ESifhywfoufí atmufyg
rnfonfh a&;om;csufrSm rSefuefoenf;¿
u? MopaMw;vsm; EdkifiHom;rsm;onf MopaMw;vsm;
EdkifiHul;vufrSwfudk avQmuf,lEdkifMuonf
c? tjrJwrf;aexkdifcGifh&xm;Muolrsm;onf
MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHul;vufrSwfudk udkifaqmifEdkifMuonf
*? MopaMw;vsm; EdkifiHom;rsm;onf MopaMw;vsm;odkY
jyefvnf330ifa&muf&ef? EdkifiHul;vufrSwfESifh jynf0ifcGifh(ADZm)
wdkYudkvdktyfMuonf

MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf&Sd tpdk;&ESifh w&m;Oya'
11/ MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf a&G;aumufyGJrsm;ü
rJxnfhjcif;ESifhhywfoufí atmufygrnfonfh
a&;om;csufrSm rSefuefoenf;¿
u? vlrsm;onf rnfonfh udk,fpm;vS,favmif;twGufrqdk?
vGwfvyfpGmESifh vHkjcHKpGm rJxnfhEdkifMuonf
c? rJxnfhjcif;onf vufrsm;axmifjyjcif;t&jzpfonf
*? vlrsm;onf rdrdwkdY\ rJpm&Gufrsm;ay:ü rdrdwdkY\trnfrsm;udk
a&;oGif;Mu&onf
12/ MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmfü 1 Zefe0g&D 1901 aeYu
bmjzpfchJoenf;¿
u? MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'udk
qE´cH,lyGJwpfckü jyKjyifajymif;vJcJhonf
c? MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya' twnfjzpfcJhonf
*? MopaMw;vsm;ESifh e,l;ZDvef wyfrBuD;tm; zGJYpnf;cJhonf
13/ MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmftpdk;&twGuf? pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk
csrSwfxm;aom w&m;0ifpm&Gufpmwrf; trnfum;
tb,fenf;¿
u? MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf jynfaxmifpk
c? "eo[m, MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf
*? MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmf zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'
14/ qE´cH,lyGJwpfckqdkonfrSm tb,fenf;¿
u? tpdk;&udkajymif;vJ&ef rJqE´
c? MopaMw;vsm;Ed kifiHawmf zG Ypnf;yH J ktajccHOya'ud kajymif;vJ&ef rJqE´
*? 0efBuD;csKyfudk ajymif;vJ&ef rJqE´
15/ tpkd;&\ rnfonfh tmPmydkiftzGJUtpnf;ü
w&m;Oya'rsm;udk t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdk&effESifh usihfoHk;&ef
tmPm&Sdoenf;¿
u? Oya'jyKrI
c? tkyfcsKyfrI
*? w&m;pD&ifa&;
16/ atmufygü rnfonfrSm bk&ifcHcsKyf\u@jzpfoenf;¿
u? jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfrsm;udk cefYtyfjcif;
c? MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHawmfvTwfawmfu twnfjyKay;onfh
Oya'rlMurf;rsm;udk vufrSwfa&;xdk;jcif;
*? EdkifiHawmf\t"dywdudk cefYtyfjcif;
17/ jynfe,ftpdk;&rsm;ESifhywfoufí atmufygrnfonfh
a&;om;csufrSm rSefuefoenf;¿
u? jynfe,ftm;vHk;ü wlnDaom zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'&SdMuonf
c? jynfe,fwpfckpDü ¤if;wdkY\udk,fydkifzGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'rsm;
toD;oD;&SdMuonf
*? jynfe,frsm;ü zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya' r&SdMuay
18/ atmufvTwfawmfü 'kwd,trsm;qHk;aom trwfrsm;\
ta&twGuf&Sdonfh EdkifiHa&;tzGJYtpnf;? odkYr[kwf
ñGefYaygif;tzGJYtpnf;udk rnfodkYac:oenf;¿
u? tpdk;&tzGJU
c? twdkuftcHtzGJU
*? txufvTwfawmf
19/ vTwfawmfü Oya'wpf&yfudk jy|mef;&ef
tqdkwifoGif;csufudk rnfodkYac:oenf;¿
u? awmf0ifoabmwlnDcsuf
c? Oya'rlMurf;
*? tacstwifaqG;aEG;jcif;
20/ MopaMw;vsm;EdkifiHü Nidrf;csrf;rIESifh pnf;pepf&SdrIwdkYudk
xdef;odrf;olum; rnfolenf;¿
u? jynfolU0efxrf;rsm;
c? &JwyfzGJU
*? a&SUaersm;
1u? 2u? 3*? 4c? 5u? 6c? 7c? 8c? 9*? 10u? 11u? 12c? 13*? 14c? 15*? 16c? 17c? 18c? 19c? 20c tajzrsm;
avhusifha&; tprf;ar;cGef;rsm; 35

ppfar;rnfhtydkif; tqHk;