FILM FILM - University of Macau Library
FILM FILM - University of Macau Library
FILM FILM - University of Macau Library
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142 Transition and Transformation<br />
27. Ibid., Reel 2, Scenes 123-180.<br />
28. Tom Gunning, “The Cinema <strong>of</strong> Attraction[s]: Early Film, Its Spectator and the<br />
Avant-Garde” in Wanda Strauven, ed., The Cinema <strong>of</strong> Attractions Reloaded,<br />
Amsterdam: Amsterdam <strong>University</strong> Press, 2006, 382.<br />
29. Bordwell, Staiger and Thompson, 79, 258.<br />
30. During the Swedish years, Mauritz Stiller rather than Victor Sjöström made<br />
frequent use <strong>of</strong> this kind <strong>of</strong> meta-perspective, in films like Thomas Graals bästa<br />
film (Thomas Graal’s Best Film, 1917) orThomas Graals bästa barn (Thomas<br />
Graal’s Best Child, 1918), where Sjöström played the leading male, or in<br />
Erotikon (1920).<br />
31. Örjan Roth-Lindberg, “Den bedrägliga bilden”, 1985.<br />
32. Lunde, 53.<br />
33. Ibid., 38.<br />
34. Ibid., 40.<br />
35. Ibid., 54.<br />
36. Forslund, 217.<br />
37. Lunde, 50.<br />
38. Forslund claims that the latter was inspired by Sjöström’s film. Forslund, 228.<br />
39. Helen Stoddart, Rings <strong>of</strong> Desire: Circus History and Representation, Manchester:<br />
Manchester <strong>University</strong> Press, 2000.<br />
40. Ibid., 1.<br />
41. Ibid., 5.<br />
42. Matthias Christen, Der Zirkusfilm. Exotismus, Konformität, Transgression, Zürcher<br />
Filmstudien, Marburg: Schüren Verlag, 2010, 54 ff.<br />
43. Ibid., 8.<br />
44. Christen, 12 ff.<br />
45. Ibid., 181-191.<br />
46. Ibid., 188 ff; Jean Starobinski (1970), Portrait de l’artiste en saltimbanque, Genf: Skira,<br />
1985; Louisa E. Jones, Sad Clowns and Pale Pierrots: Literature and the Popular Comic<br />
Arts in 19th-Century France, Lexington, KY: French Forum, 1984.<br />
47. Folket i Bild 50-51, 1940.<br />
48. This has become a commonplace to the extent that among other references, it is<br />
mentioned as self-evident in the IMDB article on The Devil’s Circus. http://www.<br />
imdb.com/title/tt0016783/usercomments.<br />
49. Lunde, 187.<br />
50. Bergman, 175.<br />
51. Ibid., 177.<br />
52. Ibid., 176.<br />
53. Jeff Werner, Medelvägens estetik, Sverigebilder i USA, Del 2, Hedemora/Möklinta:<br />
Gidlunds förlag, 2008, 114.<br />
54. Ibid.<br />
55. New York Film Festival, 1969, quoted in Forslund, 217.<br />
56. Christen, 191 ff. These films are dealt with under a common heading,<br />
“Gesellschaftlige Randlagen, liminale Existenzen”.<br />
57. Ibid.<br />
58. Backpage <strong>of</strong> Leonid Andreyev, He Who Gets Slapped and Other Plays, adapted by<br />
Walter Wykes, Los Angeles, CA: Black Box Press, 2007.
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