Reproduction performances and conditions of group-housed non ...

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- Paper I - Effect of energy intake on pregnancy rate and litter size with particular reference to group housed non-lactating sows - a review A.G. Kongsted Department of Agroecology, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 50, DK- 8830 Tjele Submitted to Livestock Production Science 21 I
- Paper I - Abstract The number of group housed non-lactating sows is increasing rapidly in Europe as a consequence of changed legislation initiated by elevated public concern of animal welfare. Lower litter size and pregnancy rate in group compared to individual housed non-lactating sows have been observed in several on-farm experiments. The aim of this review is to consider whether the variation in energy intake in a group of non-lactating sows can influence variation in litter size and pregnancy rate in practice. Through a review of existing literature with main emphasis on publications after 1980, the effect of energy supply before mating and in pregnancy on pregnancy rate and litter size is discussed. The results indicate that low compared to high energy intake before mating may impair litter size in gilts and in sows that experienced severe weight loss during lactation. Furthermore, it seems that moderate compared to low energy intake the first three days after mating may reduce litter size in the gilt but not in the sows. However, very low energy intake the first four weeks in pregnancy may impair litter size in gilts and sows and also pregnancy rate in gilts. Whether the last mentioned is also the case for sows is not possible to conclude. However, it seems that low energy intake for several successive parities can increase the risk of being culled as a consequence of not being pregnant. Based upon studies indicating that low ranking sows may consume considerably less than high ranking sows (e.g. 50-80%) in group housed systems, it is suggested that variation in feed intake in a group of restricted fed pregnant female pigs may be large enough to influence pregnancy rate and litter size. Keywords: Sow, Gilt, Group housing, Energy intake, Reproduction, Litter size, Pregnancy rate 22
Page 1 and 2: Reproduction performances and condi
Page 4: Contents Summary………………
Page 7 and 8: Paper II - Summary - A review of 15
Page 10 and 11: - Sammendrag - SAMMENDRAG Antallet
Page 12: - Sammendrag - søgt. Positive korr
Page 15 and 16: - Background and aim - systems and
Page 18: - Outline of this thesis - OUTLINE
Page 21 and 22: - How does group housing vary in pr
Page 23 and 24: - How does group housing vary in pr
Page 28 and 29: - Paper I - 1. Introduction The num
Page 30 and 31: - Paper I - Therefore, the aim of t
Page 32 and 33: Refer ence Table 1. Effect of energ
Page 34 and 35: - Paper I - Therefore, low energy s
Page 36 and 37: Table 2. Effect of energy intake in
Page 38 and 39: - Paper I - However, this does not
Page 40 and 41: Table 3. Effect of energy intake in
Page 42 and 43: - Paper I - Feeding sows 16, 27 or
Page 44 and 45: - Paper I - gonadotrophins (LH, FSH
Page 46 and 47: - Paper I - the first four weeks af
Page 48 and 49: - Paper I - Cosgrove, J.R., Foxcrof
Page 50 and 51: - Paper I - Matschke, G.H., 1964. T
Page 52: - Paper I - Tribble, L.F., Orr, D.E
Page 55 and 56: - Paper III - Indicators of feed in
Page 57 and 58: - Paper III - 1. Introduction The n
Page 59 and 60: Table 1. Applied feeding and housin
Page 61 and 62: - Paper III - performed. The sow ha
Page 63 and 64: - Paper III - proximately three wee
Page 65 and 66: - Paper III - Table 3. Overall mean
Page 67 and 68: Table 5. Correlations between all c
Page 69 and 70: Back fat W, mm Back fat gain, AM-F,
Page 71 and 72: - Paper III - from three weeks afte
Page 73 and 74: - Paper III - Number of skin lesion
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- Paper III - In herds practising g
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- Paper III - Previous work have fo
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References - Paper III - Andersen,
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- Paper III - Kongsted, A.G. 2004a.
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- Paper IV - Relation between repro
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- Paper IV - 1. Introduction Group
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- Paper IV - ing compared to number
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- Paper IV - mixed model using the
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Table 2. Estimates and standard err
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- Paper IV - cial effect on high ra
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References - Paper IV - Aherne, F.X
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- Paper IV - Olsson, A.-C., Svendse
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- General discussion - GENERAL DISC
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- General discussion - However, an
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References - General discussion - A
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- Conclusions - 6. CONCLUSIONS Two
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- Appendix 1 - APPENDIX 1 LITTER SI
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- Appendix 1 - they are mature i.e.
Page 111 and 112:
- Appendix 1 - Soon after ovulation
Page 113 and 114:
- Appendix 1 - Crombie, P.L., 1970.
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- Appendix 1 - Scott, M.A., 2000. A
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