Review: Phosphorus in Fish Nutrition

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Takeda 1978); 4 (Lovell 1978); 5 (Wilson et al. 1982); 6 (Eya & Lovell 1997); 7 (Shearer & Hardy 1987); 8 (Hardy et al. 1993); 9 (Rodehutscord 1996); 10 (Takeuchi et al. 1993); 11 (El-Zibdeh et al. 1995a); 12 (El-Zibdeh et al. 1995b); 13 (Eya & Lovell 1998); 14 (Ketola & Richmond 1994); 15 (Robinson et al. 1987); 16 (Shim & Ho 1989); 17 (Watanabe et al. 1980b); 18 (Murakami 1967); 19 (Murakami 1969, 1970); 20 (Shimeno et al. 1994); 21 (Takamatsu et al. 1975); 22 (Shitanda & Ukita 1979, Shitanda et al. 1979); 23 (Satoh et al. 1998); 24 (Sakamoto & Yone 1973), 25 (Yone & Toshima 1979); 26 (Ogino & Takeda 1976); 27 (Watanabe et al. 1984a, 1984b); 28 (Watanabe et al. 1984c); 29 (Elangovan & Shim 1998); 30 (Takeuchi & Nakazoe 1981); 31 (Baeverfjord et al. 1998); 32 (Schäfer et al. 1995), 33 (Skonberg et al. 1997), 34 (Brown et al. 1993), 35 (Davis & Robinson 1987), 36 (Dougall et al. 1996), 37 (Andrews et al. 1973), 38 (Dove et al. 1976), 39 (Lovell & Li 1978), 40 (Nakamura 1982), 41 (Li et al. 1996), 42 (Firdaus & Jafri 1996), 43 (Ogino et al. 1979), 44 (Vielma & Lall 1998b), 45 (Sugiura 1998), 46 (Chavez-Sanchez et al. 2000), 47 (Avila et al. 2000), 48 (Coloso et al. 2003), 49 (Vielma et al. 2002), 50 (Vielma et al. 1999), 51 (Jokinen et al. 2003), 52 (Roy & Lall 2003), 53 (Pimentel-Rodrigues & Oliva-Teles 2001), 54 (Borlongan & Satoh 2001), 55 (Rodehutscord et al. 2000), 56 (Bureau & Cho 1999), Classification between high and low sensitivities is arbitrary. Good reasons for the low responses might be suggested by the investigators themselves (short feeding duration, large fish size, enough dietary P, low feed efficiency, pond experiment, sampling time, methods, etc.), but they are not cited in this table. References that appear in both columns in the same row have conflicting results from multiple experiments in the same paper. Reference numbers in parentheses indicate that the response is opposite direction compared with the others. © 2000, 2005. Shozo H. Sugiura. All rights reserved. 80
Table 3. Reference Values for Diagnosis of Phosphorus Status of Fish Variab le Part (wet or dry) Ash whole body, wet © 2000, 2005. Shozo H. Sugiura. All rights reserved. Normal range or ± SD (%) Trout Catfish Carp Tilapia Other spp. 2.3-2.8 4 , 2.4-2.5 17 , 2.4-2.6 19 , 2.4-2.8 39 , 2.3-2.9 54 , 1.9-2.2 67 , 1.7-1.9 12 , 2.6-3.0 17 , 3.0-3.1 54 , 3.2-3.4 54 , 5.2-6.0 9 , 3.6-4.1 16 , T2.0-2.2 6 , T2.0-2.5 6 , Y3.1-3.8 11 , B5.3-5.7 13 , A2.3-2.4 21 , A1.9 21 , B2.8 23 , A2.2-2.5 38 , X2.8 63 Ash whole body, 10-12 , dry† 4 15 46 , 11-13 10 , 11-14 15 , 11 37 X15-17 , 60 , B15-17 64 , X10-11 65 Ash vertebra, dry 43±2 , 2 , 27-30 4 42 7 , 48-53 8 , 49 14 , 36-46 15 , B65 7 , P64 7 , S53 7 , I45 7 , A32 21 , F33-36 42 , Ash vertebra, fat-free, dry 50-51 5 , 50-56 5 , 50-51 54 , 53-58 58 , 44-47 20 , 54 24 , 52 25 , 50-55 26 , 58-62 26 , 49-53 27 , 53-60 44 , 53-57 50 56 , 37 , 50-52 54 , 65-66 16 , A48-52 3 , T39-42 6 , T45-46 6 , B56-58 18 , B40 23 , D52-54 41 , A54 56 , X46-52 58 , X47-50 62 , X52-56 63 , X37-38 65 , Ash scale & skin, 4.1-4.6 wet 39 , A7.6 21 , Ash scale, dry 16 7 , 20 37 , I43 7 , D46-51 41 , F41-44 42 , A46-48 56 , X27-29 65 , Ca whole body, wet 0.52±0.12 1 , 0.51±0.04 2 , 0.48-0.52 17 , 0.49-0.56 19 , 0.72-0.76 39 , 0.42-0.67 59 0.20-0.27 , 12 , 0.73-0.80 17 1.6 , 9 , 0.9-1.5 16 T0.25-0.48 , 6 , B0.93-1.13 13 , A0.35 21 , A0.45-0.49 38 , Ca whole body, dry† 2.0-2.6 4 , 1.9-2.4 52 , 3.1-4.9 45 , 4.2-4.4 46 , 2.5-2.9 10 , 2.3-3.4 15 , F2.6-3.5 40 , X4.6-5.8 60 , X3.7-3.8 65 , Ca vertebra, dry 17.9±1.8 2 , 9.0-11.4 4 20 7 , 18-21 8 , 17 14 , 12-18 15 B31 , 7 , P29 7 , S25 7 , I22 7 , B22 13 , A12 21 , F11-15 42 , A12-21 55 Ca vertebra, 17-18 , fat-free, dry 54 , 9.8-9.9 58 , 14-15 20 , 20-21 26 , 9-15 43 , 15-18 45 18 , 54 , 21-23 16 , A18-19 3 , T12-13 6 , T14-15 6 , B20-22 18 , B14 23 , F18-19 40 , D13-18 41 , A22 56 , I9.3-14.5 58 , X7.0-13.5 58 , X17 63 , X13-14 65 , Ca scale, wet 3.15±0.49 1 Ca , scale & skin, 1.4-1.7 wet 39 , A2.4 21 , Ca scale, dry 8.3 7 , I28 7 , F18 40 , D16-19 41 , F14-16 42 , A19 56 , X7.9-8.6 65 , Ca plasma, serum, wet* 110-12839 , 118±48 47 , 137-148 26 , 97-104 12 , 95 14 , 95-148 30 , 80-160 48 A115 , 21 , B100 23 , F130-220 40 , F150 42 , X34-37 51 , A145 56 , 81
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Phosphorus in Fish Nutrition Edited
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maximizing the bone strength, blood
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author compared the differences in
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was lower and Pi/total P ratio was
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tubular secretion (as in birds and
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Knochel 2000; Haglin 2001). These c
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P intakes. Also, examining the traf
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eabsorption in the kidney, and by d
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eported the results of bal ance exp
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Dietary requirement of organic P co
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Practically, the dietary requiremen
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did not affect fish growth. The aut
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P requirement in Catfish Andrews et
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et al. (2002) reported lower temper
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Page 31 and 32: freshwater fish Labeo rohita (Rora)
Page 33 and 34: Reducing phytate P by non-enzymatic
Page 35 and 36: NaCl 1%, and CaCO 3 3%. The Ca/P ra
Page 37 and 38: an exceptionally rapid absorption (
Page 39 and 40: the form ation of tissue phosphate;
Page 41 and 42: increas e urinary P. Boling et al.
Page 43 and 44: many subsequent workers that measur
Page 45 and 46: Errors due to high dietary P levels
Page 47 and 48: availability of the test compounds
Page 49 and 50: P contents in the whole body and ve
Page 51 and 52: Barros, F. -- J. de Chim. med. T.4,
Page 53 and 54: Cromwell, G.L., Coffey, R.D., Parke
Page 55 and 56: (Sciaenops ocellatus). Aquaculture,
Page 57 and 58: Forbes & Keith 1914, pp. 436) Higur
Page 59 and 60: Kempson, S.A., Kim, J.K., Northrup,
Page 61 and 62: hypophosphatemia. Ann. Int. Med. 74
Page 63 and 64: Mellanby, E. 1924. Deficiency disea
Page 65 and 66: Ogino, C., Takeda, H., 1976. Minera
Page 67 and 68: Radunz-Neto, J., Corraze, G., Charl
Page 69 and 70: different dietary calcium levels on
Page 71 and 72: Sugiura, S.H., Dong, F.M., Rathbone
Page 73 and 74: eproduction of red sea bream. Bull.
Page 75 and 76: Table 1. Availability of Phosphoru
Page 77 and 78: (1982), 6 Watanabe et al. (1980a),
Page 79: Ash, Ca, P (muscle) 21, 31, 35, P,
Page 83 and 84: (Vielma & Lall 1998a; 40 g), 4 (Ogi
Page 85 and 86: Figure 1. Ventral view of P-defi ci
Page 87: Figure 6. Pyloric caeca are the maj
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Review: Phosphorus in Fish Nutrition

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