Consultant's Report - Minnesota State Legislature

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Age and Growth MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Feasibility Study to Limit the Spread of Zebra Mussels from Ossawinnamakee Lake The growth rate of larvae or veligers is highly variable and depends mainly on temperature (Mackie et al. 1989) and chlorophyll-a content (e.g., phytoplankton) (Smylie 1994). Within the Great Lakes, veliger growth and settlement rates appeared to be optimal between 15 and 17°C (Smylie 1994), and the temperature threshold for adult zebra mussel growth varied between 10 and 12°C (Mackie et al. 1989). Nichols (1996) reported that the time required for a fertilized gamete to develop (through the veliger stage) into a fully developed juvenile takes longer in colder water temperature and thus can range from 8to 240 days. The life span of zebra mussels is highly variable, but it appears that North American populations have a shorter longevity than European populations. The average life span of zebra mussels can vary from 3 to 6 years throughout Poland and Britain, to as many as 9 years in Russia (Mackie et al. 1989). However, in North America, most zebra mussel populations have a life span of about 1.5 to 2 years (Mackie 1991). Mackie et al. (1989) also found that zebra mussels inhabiting heated waters have life spans that are shortened by about 1 year compared to unheated lakes in the same geographic area. Food and Feeding Zebra mussels are filter feeders, and zebra mussel food sources vary from micro-algae, microinvertebrates, bacteria, detritus, and other organic material. Zebra mussel food selection is performed by a variety of cilia, which generally select particles ranging from 15 to 40 /lm for food but can filter out particles as small as 0.7 to 1.0 /lm in diameter from the water (Mackie et al. 1989). The filtration of zebra mussels has been known to clarify the epilimnion and the littoral zones in lakes (Neumann and Jenner 1992). As zebra mussels ingest both organic and inorganic particles, the edible and nonedible portions are sorted. The rejected particles are bound in mucus, which are expelled as pseudofeces (Dean 1994). Ecological and Physiological Overview A summary of the following text describing zebra mussel resistance adaptation to physicochemical parameters is provided on the following page in Table IV-2 (McMahon 1996). IV-7 Review ofZebra Mussel (Dreissella poiymorpha) Species
MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Feasibility Study to Limit the Spread ofZebra Mussels from Ossawinnamakee Lake Table IV-2. Resistance Adaptation of Zebra Mussels to Physico-Chemical Parameters Parameter Life Cycle Stage Environmental Tolerance Limit Temperature Tolerance Respiratory Response Adult AnoxialHypoxia Response Adult Veliger Larva Adult Veliger Larva Veliger Larva Salinity Tolerance Adult Veliger Larva Emersion Tolerance Adult Veliger Larva Freezing Air Temp. Tolerance Adult Veliger Larva pH Limits Adult Veliger Larva Calcium Cone. Limits Adult Veliger Larva Starvation Tolerance Turbidity Tolerance Organic Enriclnnent Food Particle Size Limit. Source: McMahon 1996. Adult Veliger Larva Adult Veliger Larva Adult Veliger Larva Adult Temperature Reponses Veliger Larva Cannot survive above 30°C Fertilization 10 - 26°C; Development 12 - 24°C O2uptake maximized at 30 - 35°C Unknown p02 2: 32 - 40 torr at 25°C, poor O2regulator p02 2: 32 torr at 18 - 20°C Variable,
Page 3 and 4: List ofTables MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT
Page 5 and 6: I. Introduction Purpose MINNESOTA D
Page 7 and 8: Feasibility Study To Limit the Spre
Page 9: MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RES
Page 13 and 14: Hydrological Characteristics MINNES
Page 15: Outlet Structure MINNESOTA DEPARTME
Page 20: lBhsl Nllrtq Osso'winnomakee Pelica
Page 23 and 24: MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RES
Page 39 and 40: Works Cited MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF
Page 46 and 47: Table V-1. Methods Available for Co
Page 48 and 49: Cavitation MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF
Page 52: Potassium Salts MINNESOTA DEPARTMEN
Page 64 and 65: Works Cited MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF
Page 67: MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RES
Page 74: Combined Treatments MINNESOTA DEPAR
Page 78 and 79:
MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RES
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Feasibility Study To Limit the Spre
Page 84 and 85:
METHOD OF INVESTIGATION MINNESOTA D
Page 87 and 88:
VII-B. Treatment Alternatives Expan
Page 91 and 92:
Message Page 3 of4 3/21/2005 best.
Page 96:
enougl1 to eV8Juatc £1'
Page 101 and 102:
I \ I iV!1';UJIOOiS for Estimaling
Page 103 and 104:
FishPro Consulting Engineers and Sc
Page 129:
./}' 03/16/2005 14:40 FAX 217585189
Page 144 and 145:
Zebra Mussel Feasibility Study-Main
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 157:
FINAL REPORT OF THE EFFECTS OF CUTR
Page 160 and 161:
Limitations in this data set hav.e
Page 162 and 163:
Appendix 1. Development of D. polym
Page 165 and 166:
Figure 2 demonstrates that hatching
Page 167 and 168:
Experimental designs were modified
Page 169 and 170:
Pre-fertilization andpost-fertiliza
Page 171:
Expt Chemical 1 2 3 Table 3. Summar
Page 174:
Appendix 4: Effect of Exposure Time
Page 178 and 179:
Aquatic invertebrates in upper Peli
Page 180 and 181:
In contrast, fall sampling revealed
Page 184 and 185:
Lake Ossawinnamakee and Pelican Bro
Page 186 and 187:
VII-F. Meeting Summaries
Page 188 and 189:
Rich Rezanka would like us to refer
Page 190 and 191:
VII-G. List of Abbreviations Used
Page 192:
VII-H. Glossary of Terms
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197:
Secchi disc MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF
show all

Consultant's Report - Minnesota State Legislature

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?