Consultant's Report - Minnesota State Legislature

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Appendix 2. LCso and LC99 Values for Cutrine®-Ultra and Cu for Larval D. polymorpha Overview The effects of Cutrine®-Ultra and Cu (as CUS04) on larval D. polym01pha were studied using 24-h LCso aqueous exposures. Separate 24-h exposures were employed to compare the relative toxicities ofCu (as CUS04) and Cutrine®-Ultra, and also to establish relative sensitivities of life stages from pre-fertilization to 96 h after fertilization to these two toxicants. Materials and Methods Chemicals Cutrine®-Ultra is a commercially available chelated copper (9.0 % Cu) solution in an emulsified surfactant. In addition to Cutrine®-Ultra,.reagent grade cupric (II) sulfate, CUS04 (CAS 7758-98-7), with a 98.2 % purity was used to assess zebra mussel life stage relative sensitivities to copper alone. All solutions were formulated in HRW water. The Cu content ofboth Cutrine®-Ultra and CUS04 exposure solutions was evaluated using the highest exposure solution (0.050 mglL nominal Cu) collected from the test chambers at the termination of each 24-h test. Since the lowest exposure concentrations were below method detection limits, all lower concentrations were made up by serial dilutions of this test solution. Copper concentrations in solutions were calculated from this value, using the appropriate dilution factor. Copper concentrations in control solu,tions were less than the method detection limit. Aqueous solutions were acid digested using EPA method 3010A (US EPA 1996a), and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, US EPA 1996b), with method detection limit:S 1 Ilg L- 1 • Exposure methodology Tests were initiated pre-fertilization, post-fertilization, and at 24 h, 48 hand 72 h after fertilization. Tests are referred to using the time at which the 24-h exposure was started (e.g., pre-fertilization test refers to the exposure started prior to fertilization and continuing for 24 h, the post-fertilization test refers to the exposure started after egg fertilization and continuing for 24 h, etc). A schematic representation of all the tests conducted in this unit is presented in Figure 3. Three experiments were conducted to establish the toxicity of Cutrine®-Ultra and Cu to larval stages. The first experiment addressed Cutrine®-Ultra toxicity at all life stages, with additional Cu toxicity tests at 24 and 72 h as references. The second experiment addressed Cu toxicity on pre- and postfertilization stages. The third experiment was designed to support the discovery in the first experiment that Cutrine®-Ultra led to significantly higher toxicity in pre-fertilization stage eggs compared to post-fertilization stage eggs, with an LCso close to the lowest exposure concentration. This third experiment repeated the pre-fertilization test of the first experiment, with lower exposure concentrations to allow a more definitive estimation ofLCso. 11
Experimental designs were modified from the veliger toxicity tests conducted by Fisher et al. (1994) (See Appendix 1). All testing used Costar Inc. (#3516) 6-well plastic multi-well plates (Corning Inc., Corning, NY), with 10 mL of exposure solution per well. Tests used six Cu exposure concentrations and a control, with each treatment consisting of 12 replicates using two well plates. Exposure concentrations* selected for the first and second experiments were 0.001, 0.002, 0.005, 0.010, 0.020, and 0.050 mg CulL, and for the third experiment were 0.0001, 0.0005, 0.0010, 0.0050, 0.0100, and 0.0500 mg CulL. All tests were conducted for 24-h at 18 ± 1°C, the approximate temperature of Lake Ossawinnamakee in June. Following successful spawning of 2-5 females, the density of eggs in the combined solution was determined to establish the volume of solution that contained 150-200 eggs, and this volume was added to each well (i.e., 150-200 eggs/replicate). Eggs were fertilized by the addition of 10 ilL of a concentrated sperm solution. • All concentrations listed as nominal. 12
Page 3 and 4:
List ofTables MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT
Page 5 and 6:
I. Introduction Purpose MINNESOTA D
Page 7 and 8:
Feasibility Study To Limit the Spre
Page 9:
MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RES
Page 13 and 14:
Hydrological Characteristics MINNES
Page 15:
Outlet Structure MINNESOTA DEPARTME
Page 20:
lBhsl Nllrtq Osso'winnomakee Pelica
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 28 and 29:
Age and Growth MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT
Page 32 and 33:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Works Cited MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 46 and 47:
Table V-1. Methods Available for Co
Page 48 and 49:
Cavitation MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52:
Potassium Salts MINNESOTA DEPARTMEN
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Works Cited MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF
Page 67:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74:
Combined Treatments MINNESOTA DEPAR
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Feasibility Study To Limit the Spre
Page 84 and 85:
METHOD OF INVESTIGATION MINNESOTA D
Page 87 and 88:
VII-B. Treatment Alternatives Expan
Page 91 and 92:
Message Page 3 of4 3/21/2005 best.
Page 96:
enougl1 to eV8Juatc £1'
Page 101 and 102:
I \ I iV!1';UJIOOiS for Estimaling
Page 103 and 104:
FishPro Consulting Engineers and Sc
Page 129: ./}' 03/16/2005 14:40 FAX 217585189
Page 144 and 145: Zebra Mussel Feasibility Study-Main
Page 157: FINAL REPORT OF THE EFFECTS OF CUTR
Page 160 and 161: Limitations in this data set hav.e
Page 162 and 163: Appendix 1. Development of D. polym
Page 165: Figure 2 demonstrates that hatching
Page 169 and 170: Pre-fertilization andpost-fertiliza
Page 171: Expt Chemical 1 2 3 Table 3. Summar
Page 174: Appendix 4: Effect of Exposure Time
Page 178 and 179: Aquatic invertebrates in upper Peli
Page 180 and 181: In contrast, fall sampling revealed
Page 184 and 185: Lake Ossawinnamakee and Pelican Bro
Page 186 and 187: VII-F. Meeting Summaries
Page 188 and 189: Rich Rezanka would like us to refer
Page 190 and 191: VII-G. List of Abbreviations Used
Page 192: VII-H. Glossary of Terms
Page 195 and 196: MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RES
Page 197: Secchi disc MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF
show all

Consultant's Report - Minnesota State Legislature

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?