Consultant's Report - Minnesota State Legislature

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Limitations in this data set hav.e direct consequences on the ability to make recommendations for field application of Cutrine®-Ultra and CUS04 to control D. polymorpha larvae. As a result of these limitations, implicit and explicit uncertainty should be considered in determining the use of Cu and Cu-based products to control zebra mussels. Limitations and uncertainty include: This report does not sanction the use of Cu or Cu-based products in the control of zebra mussels. This decision is the responsibility ofMN DNR, or any other party, with due regard to relevant permits and regulations. EERT and ERDC do not take responsibility for actions taken by any party based upon information in this report. • Cu toxicity data are highly dependent upon the temperature, hardness, and alkalinity of water. These data only apply for the water quality parameters stated in Table 1, Appendix 1. If necessary, the data can be used to model toxicity estimates under other water quality conditions. • Larval data only pertain to 0 - 96-h old larvae. While these are key planktonic phases, we were not able to test Cutrine®-Ultra efficacy on later life stages. LC99 data are modeled estimates, not observations. • Similarly, the 95 % confidence intervals are modeled estimates, not observations. • These tests were performed under controlled laboratory conditions. There remains uncertainty as to the application of mussel sensitivity data to field situations. Recommendationsfor monitoring ofCutrine@-Ultra We recommend daily measurements of aqueous Cu to ensure adequate control. Accurate, field-based analytical techniques are widely available. Concentrations of Cutrine®-Ultra should be maintained at approximately 0.3 mg CulL, should a lOx protection factor be required. In addition, water residence time in the treated area should be assessed and used to gauge the suitability of these data for the measured water residence time in the treated area. We also recommend that any Cu treatment regime be amended to reflect any residual Cu in the water column at time of treatment, to ensure that Cu concentrations in the water body do not exceed 1 mg CulL at any time. Recommendationsfor monitoring D. polym01pha We recommend regular plankton screening in the spring and summer, to monitor for occurrence of D. polymorpha larvae in the water column. Observations of D. polymorpha larvae during these screens may be used to initiate Cutrine®-Ultra treatment prior to onset of 12°C water temperatures. In the absence of D. polymorpha Cutrine® Ultra treatment can be suspended. In addition, regular monitoring of suitable settlement sites downstream for emergent adult D. polymorpha populations is recommended. 5
Recommendations for physical treatment Both physical methods of control and physical aspects of stream habitat deserve brief consideration. With respect to physical habitat limitations, it is noteworthy that Strayer (1991), based on a thorough analysis of European zebra mussel distribution, concluded that this species does not reside in streams less than 20 m wide. In slight contrast, Horvath et al. (1996) found that zebra mussel colonization of small streams is possible, but only if there is a nearby, upstream lake source. Even then, populations declined exponentially with downstream distance from the source such that only isolated mussels were found much more than one km downstream. The outlet brook from Lake Ossawilmamakee is probably too small to sustain a zebra mussel population, although the larger streams farther downstream may provide suitable habitat. There is no doubt that this species is best adapted to the sublittoral zones ofvery large lakes (such as Lake Erie in North America) and impounded reaches oflarge rivers (such as the series of pools in the Upper Mississippi River). Physical methods of control (e.g., filtration, heat, aerial exposure) can be reliably used in some settings, but appear to be oflimited value in the present situation. The most viable physical control method may be the use of disposable substrates in the upstream end of the outlet brook. Large numbers of disposable substrates (e.g., nylon or fabric "mops") placed in several row,s along the channel (parallel to flow) or in the lake at the channel inlet (perpendicular flow) could reduce the number of veliger$ entrained into the flowing brook. These substrates create ideal settling conditions for the planktonic veligers by providing a firm surface and reduced flow velocity. Periodically (at least annually) the substrates would have to be removed and replaced. Disposable substrates have not been used much, as they are only partially effective. Percent control of 50 % is probably a reasonable expectation (O'Neill 1996). 6
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List ofTables MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT
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I. Introduction Purpose MINNESOTA D
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Feasibility Study To Limit the Spre
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Hydrological Characteristics MINNES
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Outlet Structure MINNESOTA DEPARTME
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lBhsl Nllrtq Osso'winnomakee Pelica
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Age and Growth MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT
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Works Cited MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF
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Table V-1. Methods Available for Co
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Cavitation MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF
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Potassium Salts MINNESOTA DEPARTMEN
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Works Cited MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF
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Combined Treatments MINNESOTA DEPAR
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Feasibility Study To Limit the Spre
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METHOD OF INVESTIGATION MINNESOTA D
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VII-B. Treatment Alternatives Expan
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Message Page 3 of4 3/21/2005 best.
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I \ I iV!1';UJIOOiS for Estimaling
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FishPro Consulting Engineers and Sc
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Consultant's Report - Minnesota State Legislature

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