Tuning Reactivity of Platinum(II) Complexes

Tuning Reactivity of Platinum(II) Complexes Tuning Reactivity of Platinum(II) Complexes

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However, because the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) on the metal atom are centred on the dz 2 orbitals whilst the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) are located on the N-heterocyclic ligand that is lying perpendicular to the plane of the Pt(II) centre. Moreover, in the complexes qzn and pht, the HOMO orbitals are concentrated on the N-heterocyclic ligands and display a significantly higher energy HOMO level, which suggests that the extra aromatic ring on the benzodiazine ligand enables qzn and pht to possess better π-acceptor ability due to the extended π-system. This is supported by the smaller HOMO-LUMO (ΔE) energy gap (Table 5.1). Compared to that of pzn, the electron-acceptor properties of qzn and pht are only moderate since their LUMO is not as low in energy. It can also be seen from the DFT-calculations (Table 5.1) that the positive (NBO) charges at the Pt(II) centres are symmetrically distributed. Their values steadily increase as the (N1–N2) and Pt---Pt distances increase further along the series pht through pdn, to pzn, respectively. In addition, the corresponding Pt–N1/2 bond distances are also dependent on the structure of the diazine ligand, which also determines the average negative charge carried on the N1/2 atoms of the bridging ligands due to electronic charge transfer from the metal centre to the diazine ligand through the electronegative N atoms. This results in differential transfer of electron density from the metal centre to the diazine ligand, leading to variations in the positive charge on the metal centres and hence, in the electrophilicity of the Pt(II) centres. This simultaneously decreases or increases the lability of the aqua complexes as will be discussed further. 5.3.2 Acid Dissociation Constants (pKa) of the Diaqua Complexes Titrations of the diazine-bridged dinuclear Pt(II) complexes with NaOH show that deprotonation of the two aqua ligands occurred in two successive steps. Thus, the stepwise deprotonation steps for the pH dependence of the dinuclear system can be presented by Scheme 5.2. 12

[H 2 O -P t-(N N )-P t-O H 2 ] 4 + + O H - [H 2 O -P t-(N N )-O H ] 3 + + O H - K a1 K a2 13 [H 2 O -P t-(N N )-O H ] 3 + + H 2 O [H O -P t-(N N )-O H ] 2+ + H 2 O w here, N N = pzn, pmn, pdn, qzn, pht bridging ligand Scheme 5.2: Proposed stepwise deprotonation for the pH dependence of the dinuclear Pt(II) complexes. A typical plot of the UV-Visible spectra obtained during the pH titrations for qzn is given in Figure 5.2 (see also under Supplementary information Figure S5.2, for pmn). The pKa values of the aqua Pt(II) complexes were calculated from the pH profiles, an example is shown as an inset in Figure 5.2. Absorbance 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 Absorbance 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 2 4 6 8 10 Wavelength(nm) 200 300 400 500 Wavelength (nm) Figure 5.2: Variation of absorbance with pH for qzn complex in the pH range 2-10, I = 0.1 M HClO4, T = 25 °C. Inset: Titration curve at 305 nm for qzn complex. All the diaqua complexes exhibited two inflection points and a fit of the absorbance data to the standard Boltzmann equation, taken one at a time using the Origin 7.5 ®37 software, resulted in two pKa values which are presented in Table 5.2. λ = 305 nm

[H 2 O -P t-(N N )-P t-O H 2 ] 4 + + O H -<br />

[H 2 O -P t-(N N )-O H ] 3 + + O H -<br />

K a1<br />

K a2<br />

13<br />

[H 2 O -P t-(N N )-O H ] 3 + + H 2 O<br />

[H O -P t-(N N )-O H ] 2+ + H 2 O<br />

w here, N N = pzn, pmn, pdn, qzn, pht bridging ligand<br />

Scheme 5.2: Proposed stepwise deprotonation for the pH dependence <strong>of</strong> the dinuclear<br />

Pt(<strong>II</strong>) complexes.<br />

A typical plot <strong>of</strong> the UV-Visible spectra obtained during the pH titrations for qzn is given<br />

in Figure 5.2 (see also under Supplementary information Figure S5.2, for pmn). The pKa<br />

values <strong>of</strong> the aqua Pt(<strong>II</strong>) complexes were calculated from the pH pr<strong>of</strong>iles, an example is<br />

shown as an inset in Figure 5.2.<br />

Absorbance<br />

2.0<br />

1.5<br />

1.0<br />

0.5<br />

0.0<br />

Absorbance<br />

0.45<br />

0.40<br />

0.35<br />

0.30<br />

0.25<br />

0.20<br />

2 4 6 8 10<br />

Wavelength(nm)<br />

200 300 400 500<br />

Wavelength (nm)<br />

Figure 5.2: Variation <strong>of</strong> absorbance with pH for qzn complex in the pH range 2-10, I =<br />

0.1 M HClO4, T = 25 °C. Inset: Titration curve at 305 nm for qzn complex.<br />

All the diaqua complexes exhibited two inflection points and a fit <strong>of</strong> the absorbance data<br />

to the standard Boltzmann equation, taken one at a time using the Origin 7.5 ®37<br />

s<strong>of</strong>tware, resulted in two pKa values which are presented in Table 5.2.<br />

λ = 305 nm

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