Tuning Reactivity of Platinum(II) Complexes
Tuning Reactivity of Platinum(II) Complexes Tuning Reactivity of Platinum(II) Complexes
However, because the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) on the metal atom are centred on the dz 2 orbitals whilst the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) are located on the N-heterocyclic ligand that is lying perpendicular to the plane of the Pt(II) centre. Moreover, in the complexes qzn and pht, the HOMO orbitals are concentrated on the N-heterocyclic ligands and display a significantly higher energy HOMO level, which suggests that the extra aromatic ring on the benzodiazine ligand enables qzn and pht to possess better π-acceptor ability due to the extended π-system. This is supported by the smaller HOMO-LUMO (ΔE) energy gap (Table 5.1). Compared to that of pzn, the electron-acceptor properties of qzn and pht are only moderate since their LUMO is not as low in energy. It can also be seen from the DFT-calculations (Table 5.1) that the positive (NBO) charges at the Pt(II) centres are symmetrically distributed. Their values steadily increase as the (N1–N2) and Pt---Pt distances increase further along the series pht through pdn, to pzn, respectively. In addition, the corresponding Pt–N1/2 bond distances are also dependent on the structure of the diazine ligand, which also determines the average negative charge carried on the N1/2 atoms of the bridging ligands due to electronic charge transfer from the metal centre to the diazine ligand through the electronegative N atoms. This results in differential transfer of electron density from the metal centre to the diazine ligand, leading to variations in the positive charge on the metal centres and hence, in the electrophilicity of the Pt(II) centres. This simultaneously decreases or increases the lability of the aqua complexes as will be discussed further. 5.3.2 Acid Dissociation Constants (pKa) of the Diaqua Complexes Titrations of the diazine-bridged dinuclear Pt(II) complexes with NaOH show that deprotonation of the two aqua ligands occurred in two successive steps. Thus, the stepwise deprotonation steps for the pH dependence of the dinuclear system can be presented by Scheme 5.2. 12
[H 2 O -P t-(N N )-P t-O H 2 ] 4 + + O H - [H 2 O -P t-(N N )-O H ] 3 + + O H - K a1 K a2 13 [H 2 O -P t-(N N )-O H ] 3 + + H 2 O [H O -P t-(N N )-O H ] 2+ + H 2 O w here, N N = pzn, pmn, pdn, qzn, pht bridging ligand Scheme 5.2: Proposed stepwise deprotonation for the pH dependence of the dinuclear Pt(II) complexes. A typical plot of the UV-Visible spectra obtained during the pH titrations for qzn is given in Figure 5.2 (see also under Supplementary information Figure S5.2, for pmn). The pKa values of the aqua Pt(II) complexes were calculated from the pH profiles, an example is shown as an inset in Figure 5.2. Absorbance 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 Absorbance 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 2 4 6 8 10 Wavelength(nm) 200 300 400 500 Wavelength (nm) Figure 5.2: Variation of absorbance with pH for qzn complex in the pH range 2-10, I = 0.1 M HClO4, T = 25 °C. Inset: Titration curve at 305 nm for qzn complex. All the diaqua complexes exhibited two inflection points and a fit of the absorbance data to the standard Boltzmann equation, taken one at a time using the Origin 7.5 ®37 software, resulted in two pKa values which are presented in Table 5.2. λ = 305 nm
- Page 178 and 179: Table 4.5: DFT calculated (NBO) cha
- Page 180 and 181: eaction proceeds via bimolecular pa
- Page 182 and 183: References 1 T. Storr, K. H.Thomson
- Page 184 and 185: 36 D. Jaganyi, D. Reddy, J.A. Gerte
- Page 186 and 187: Appendix 4 THE INFLUENCE OF THE PYR
- Page 188 and 189: Absorbance at 368. 0 nm 0. 0 8 0. 0
- Page 190 and 191: Table S4.3: Average observed rate c
- Page 192 and 193: k nd obs(2 ) , s-1 0.003 TU DMTU TM
- Page 194 and 195: Table S4.7: Average observed rate c
- Page 196 and 197: Table S4.8: Average observed rate c
- Page 198 and 199: k obs2 , s -1 2.40x10 -4 2.20x10 -4
- Page 200 and 201: Table S4.13: Average observed rate
- Page 202 and 203: Table S4.14: Average observed rate
- Page 204 and 205: Table S4.18: Average observed rate
- Page 206 and 207: k obs(1 st ) , s -1 0.06 0.04 0.02
- Page 208 and 209: Table S4.23: Average observed rate
- Page 210 and 211: ln(k 2(3 rd ) /T) -10.0 -10.5 -11.0
- Page 212 and 213: SpinWorks 2.5: 2,6 pznClO4 in D2O N
- Page 214 and 215: Table of Contents-5 Chapter 5 .....
- Page 216 and 217: List of Tables Table 5.1: A summary
- Page 218 and 219: 5.1 Introduction Multinuclear plati
- Page 220 and 221: onding. For this reason, pKa titrat
- Page 222 and 223: 400-300 cm -1): 3308, 3117, 3071 (N
- Page 224 and 225: 5.2.6 Spectrophotometric pKa Titrat
- Page 226 and 227: Table 5.1: A summary of DFT-calcula
- Page 230 and 231: Table 5.2: Acid dissociation consta
- Page 232 and 233: Table 5.3: A summary of DFT calcula
- Page 234 and 235: H3N 6 eq TU 0 eq TU Ha NH3 Ha Cl TU
- Page 236 and 237: third step due to the trans-effect
- Page 238 and 239: [H 2 O-Pt-(NN)-Pt-OH 2 ] +4 [NU-Pt-
- Page 240 and 241: k obs(1st) / s -1 0.20 TU DMTU TMTU
- Page 242 and 243: thiourea nucleophile is large enoug
- Page 244 and 245: ln(k st 2(1 ) /T) -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8
- Page 246 and 247: is the same as the electron-withdra
- Page 248 and 249: associative mode of substitution me
- Page 250 and 251: 16 H. Ertürk, J. Maigut, R. Puchta
- Page 252 and 253: 43 (a) D. Jaganyi, A. Hofmann and R
- Page 254 and 255: 276 nm Absorbance 0 . 6 5 0 . 6 4 0
- Page 256 and 257: k obs(1 st ) , s -1 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1
- Page 258 and 259: Table S5.5: Average observed rate c
- Page 260 and 261: ln(k 2(2 nd ) /T) -8.0 TU -8.5 -9.0
- Page 262 and 263: pzn PPM -1750.0 -1850.0 -1950.0 -20
- Page 264 and 265: Table S5.9: Average observed rate c
- Page 266 and 267: Figure S5.13: UV/Visible spectra fo
- Page 268 and 269: k obs(1 st ) in s -1 0.030 0.025 0.
- Page 270 and 271: Table S5.17: Average observed rate
- Page 272 and 273: ln(k 2(2 nd ) /T) -10 -11 -12 -13 -
- Page 274 and 275: 9.61 ppm Ha PPM 9.8 9.6 9.4 9.2 9.0
- Page 276 and 277: Table S5.22: Average observed rate
[H 2 O -P t-(N N )-P t-O H 2 ] 4 + + O H -<br />
[H 2 O -P t-(N N )-O H ] 3 + + O H -<br />
K a1<br />
K a2<br />
13<br />
[H 2 O -P t-(N N )-O H ] 3 + + H 2 O<br />
[H O -P t-(N N )-O H ] 2+ + H 2 O<br />
w here, N N = pzn, pmn, pdn, qzn, pht bridging ligand<br />
Scheme 5.2: Proposed stepwise deprotonation for the pH dependence <strong>of</strong> the dinuclear<br />
Pt(<strong>II</strong>) complexes.<br />
A typical plot <strong>of</strong> the UV-Visible spectra obtained during the pH titrations for qzn is given<br />
in Figure 5.2 (see also under Supplementary information Figure S5.2, for pmn). The pKa<br />
values <strong>of</strong> the aqua Pt(<strong>II</strong>) complexes were calculated from the pH pr<strong>of</strong>iles, an example is<br />
shown as an inset in Figure 5.2.<br />
Absorbance<br />
2.0<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.5<br />
0.0<br />
Absorbance<br />
0.45<br />
0.40<br />
0.35<br />
0.30<br />
0.25<br />
0.20<br />
2 4 6 8 10<br />
Wavelength(nm)<br />
200 300 400 500<br />
Wavelength (nm)<br />
Figure 5.2: Variation <strong>of</strong> absorbance with pH for qzn complex in the pH range 2-10, I =<br />
0.1 M HClO4, T = 25 °C. Inset: Titration curve at 305 nm for qzn complex.<br />
All the diaqua complexes exhibited two inflection points and a fit <strong>of</strong> the absorbance data<br />
to the standard Boltzmann equation, taken one at a time using the Origin 7.5 ®37<br />
s<strong>of</strong>tware, resulted in two pKa values which are presented in Table 5.2.<br />
λ = 305 nm