FROM CHINAMWALI TO CHILANGIZO:

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MWACHIDULE Chimangiriro ichi chikufufuza mwadongosolo chilangizo m'mipingo ya Konveshoni ya Babatist m'Malawi (BACOMA), ndikuona kufunikira kwache pakati pa mtundu wa Achewa. Mu mbiri ya chiKhristu, zaonetsa kuti poyambirira mipingo imakana ndi kutsutsana ndi miyambo ya makolo. Koma pang'ono ndi pang'ono, mipingo inayamba kubvomereza ndi kulandira za miyamboyo pokhazikitsa mwambo wa chiKhristu m'malo mwake. M'mipingo yathu ya Babatist, nkhani ya chilangizo ndi chinamwali yakhala bvuto leni leni kutchito ya ubusa ndi yofalitsa Uthenga wa Yesu. Izi zakhala tero chifukwa chakulephera kwa BACOMA kumvetsetsa ndi kutanthauzira chinamwali kuchokera m'Mau a Mulungu muchinenero cha anthu. Ndicholinga cha chimangiriro ichi kuthandiza BACOMA, komanso mipingo yonse mu Afrika, kuti ikhale yomasuka kuphunzira za chikhalidwe ndi miyambo ya anthu. Cholinga ndi kuti mipingo imvetsetse mozama ndikukhoza kutanthauzira mwambo uli wonse pakugwiritsa ntchito Mau a Mulungu.a muchinenero chawo. Chimangirirochi ndi chiyambi chakulimbikitsa BACOMA pandondomeko yakukambirana, kulingirira, ndi kuphunzitsa anthu ake zokhuzana ndi chikhalidwe ndi miyambo ya makolo poyang'ana matanthauzo ache m'Bukhu Lopatulika. Chitatha chigawo chamayambo mu chimangirirochi, chigawo chachiwiri chayang'ana mbiri, chikhalidwe, ndi zikhulupiriro za mtundu wa Achewa. Chigawo chachitatu chaonetsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mipingo wa Babatist kuchokera kumbali ziwiri. Poyamba kuchokera ku moyo wachipembezo ndi chikhalidwe cha azungu aBabatist akuAmerika, amene anabweretsa Uthenga Wabwino ku Afirika. Mbali yachiwiri yayang'ana zinthu zingapo zimene zinapangisa aMalawi kulandira ndi kufalitsanso Uthengawo kwa aMalawi anzawo. Popeza chilangizo ndi gawo la chikhalidwe chathu, chigawo chachinayi chalongosola mwatsatane-tsatane mwambo wa chinamwali cha Achewa cha ndakula. Chigawo chachisanu chapereka mbiri ya chilangizo makamaka mu BACOMA. Chigawo chachisanu ndi chimodzi chalongosola ndi kufufuza m'mene chilangizo chikuyendera m'mipingo ya Babatist. Kafukufuku waonetsa kuti chilangizo sichikukwaniritsa zosowa zeni-zeni za anthu pakulingirira zolinga zimene chinamwali chimakwaniritsa kwa Achewa. Chomwecho chigawo chotsiriza chapereka malingiriro ndindomeko yofunika kuti BACOMA iyambe kukambirana, kulingirira, ndi kuphu nzitsa akhristu za m'mene Mau a Mulungu amatanthauzira miyambo yamakolo athu. Chitsanzo cha chinamwali cha Chikhristu chaperekedwa potsirizira pa chimangirirochi. IV
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to acknowledge my heartfelt gratitude to the following individuals and institu tions without whose support and encouragement this dissertation would not have been written. I thank Prof Kwame Bediako and Dr Allison Howell for their untiring work of supervising the thesis. My thanks also go to Dr Klaus Fiedler and Mercy Chilunga and the staff at Kachere Series, Zomba for assisting me to have the whole work printed. My thanks go to all those who shared their life experiences with me during the course ofmy study both in and outside BACOMA. I am also grateful to the African Theological Fel lowship (ATF) for the financial support towards my studies. Finally my family deserve a vote ofthanks for their inspiration and support. v
Page 1: FROM CHINAMWALI TO CHILANGIZO: THE
Page 6 and 7: TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION n ABS
Page 8 and 9: MAPS........................•...
Page 10 and 11: 1. INTRODUCTION Ntchembere yanzeru,
Page 12 and 13: My motivation, therefore, in the st
Page 14 and 15: In her work, Women, Presbyterianism
Page 16 and 17: This study covers female initiation
Page 18 and 19: vation and interviewing. The method
Page 20 and 21: church leaders, both men and women,
Page 22 and 23: Scriptures in order to understand w
Page 24 and 25: 2. THE 'RELIGIOUS ITINERARY'? OF TH
Page 26 and 27: name of a person or his title to de
Page 28 and 29: lineage, and the whole community. F
Page 30 and 31: cross boundaries), and ziwanda ('ev
Page 32 and 33: ciation and 'celebration ofthe powe
Page 34 and 35: 3. THE EMERGENCE OF THE SOUTHERN BA
Page 36 and 37: (2001:12) points out, three things
Page 38 and 39: tongues. Hilary Mijoga (1998:31) no
Page 40 and 41: 2002). The two groups continued sep
Page 42 and 43: instrumental in supporting the idea
Page 44 and 45: On the mission field not all missio
Page 46 and 47: Autonomy is a term which expresses
Page 48 and 49: that our likulu is in heaven, and t
Page 50 and 51: Chewa is that menstrual blood is sa
Page 52 and 53: girls are 'captured' and put in the
Page 54 and 55:
nity of both the living and the anc
Page 56 and 57:
evil intentions at the initiation c
Page 58 and 59:
Makanja or namkhwanya are masked da
Page 60 and 61:
The first day's activities end with
Page 62 and 63:
Then at the end ofthe song all the
Page 64 and 65:
In the evening the initiates perfon
Page 66 and 67:
While singing the same song above,
Page 68 and 69:
the other being 'cutting' one's thr
Page 70 and 71:
ishing them, especially if any of t
Page 72 and 73:
stand and makes her jump over the s
Page 74 and 75:
has her menses. Ulemu is also manif
Page 76 and 77:
Teaching on the observance of taboo
Page 78 and 79:
importance of the ritual. The prese
Page 80 and 81:
When they are buried in the ground,
Page 82 and 83:
5. CHILANGIZO: A CHRISTIAN RESPONSE
Page 84 and 85:
Merely to condemn their rites and g
Page 86 and 87:
Adopting the Christian faith, as Wa
Page 88 and 89:
She mentioned that she did not know
Page 90 and 91:
espectively (with pennission) ofbot
Page 92 and 93:
port the teaching. The instruction
Page 94 and 95:
6.2 CHILANGIZO CEREMONY AT CHIMENYA
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elderly people to mill their maize,
Page 98 and 99:
women repeated most of what had bee
Page 100 and 101:
There are dos and donts!' The whole
Page 102 and 103:
Traditional beliefs. Things do chan
Page 104 and 105:
such as phada (girls' game ofjumpin
Page 106 and 107:
All the three ceremonies show that
Page 108 and 109:
Generally, rituals Help people reme
Page 110 and 111:
Human life is seen as a unity betwe
Page 112 and 113:
The three case studies ofzilangizo
Page 114 and 115:
With regard to the teaching content
Page 116 and 117:
The booklet does not give instructi
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nences too great a strain as well a
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7. CONCLUSION: TOWARDS A CHRISTIAN
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The Scriptures say a great deal abo
Page 124 and 125:
it is the mother who is normally ac
Page 126:
about the fact that 'chikondi chang
Page 129 and 130:
married couples as well, it would a
Page 131 and 132:
social' (Oduyoye 1992:9). Through d
Page 133 and 134:
seclusion until the chinamwali cere
Page 135 and 136:
Please note that singing, dancing,
Page 137 and 138:
The meaning is that this is the cou
Page 139 and 140:
9. Ndinu mudanlenga inetu eee! Muda
Page 141 and 142:
Onse azibvina akugwira thupi lawo n
Page 143 and 144:
tion and gift-giving time. While al
Page 145 and 146:
7.5 CONCLUSION The aim of this litu
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Chapter two 7. See Howell, A (2001)
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also be either a Christian or a non
Page 151 and 152:
51. Chingondo must have a very sign
Page 153 and 154:
Chapter six 67. Although the pastor
Page 155 and 156:
SOURCES CONSULTED 1. Primary source
Page 157 and 158:
--- 1995. Christianity in Africa: T
Page 159 and 160:
The National Atlas ofMalawi, 1983.
Page 161 and 162:
DeGabriele, J 1999. When pills don'
Page 163 and 164:
GLOSSARY OF CHEWA WORDS· Abambo Ab
Page 165:
Mkuzi M1andu Mmeto Mnjeza Mpalo str
Page 169 and 170:
PLATE 3 Chingondo - On the Head of
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PLATES Chilangizo at Mphindo Baptis
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chiefs house so that we could light
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going round the village they would
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all join in ululating and take the
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girls, covered all round with cloth
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9. Mkanda de, mkanda wa mkamwa Ndat
Page 183 and 184:
I left for the ground when a messag
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The girls danced for a while and th
Page 187 and 188:
, Many infonnants called mkangali t
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Meaning: This is the time to be cou
Page 191 and 192:
would punish her in different ways,
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Akakwatana. When in marriage. A dra
Page 195 and 196:
58. Ndamvera kwathu, yaya Mwana wan
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The Chingondo (Headcrown) Ritual We
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frightening them, or punishing them
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dancing team. After dancing for a w
Page 203 and 204:
They are however, reminded that aft
Page 206 and 207:
APPENDIX D (Translated with permiss
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for a while from norrnallife and pu
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Gwiritsani ntchito ndime zalembedwa
Page 213 and 214:
Ndi udindo wa alangizi kukonza maph
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Machembere ayenera kumawafupa atsik
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Anthu onse nkuseka. Ndipo anamkungw
Page 219 and 220:
Amayiwo ayenera kusonyeza ntchito y
Page 221:
Adzichitira ulemu nyumba ya Mulungu
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FROM CHINAMWALI TO CHILANGIZO:

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