FROM CHINAMWALI TO CHILANGIZO:

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You must be committed to faithfully carry out the work God has entrusted to you. Inform your congregation ifyou are unable to continue with ulangizi. • Muyenera kukhala chitsanzo chabwino kwa atsikana ndi amayi anzanu pa umoyo wanu wa tsiku ndi tsiku" kubanja kwanu ndi pakutumikira kwanu. You must be exemplary to the girls and your fellow women in your daily life, in your family, and in the way you serve God. • Mukhale mai wophunzira mau a Mulungu ndi kupemphera nthawi zonse. Be diligent in learning the Word ofGod and in prayer all the time. • Khalani a luntha popanga nyimbo, ndakatulo, masewero, ndi zina zotere Zlmene zingapangitse mwambo wa chinamwali chanu kukhala wopambana. Chinamwali chizikhala mwambo wopambana ndi wosaiwalika kwa namwali wanu. Be creative in coming up with songs, poems, drama, and so on. These are the things that make the chinamwali ceremony to have a lasting impact on the initiate. • Musawerenge kabukhu aka pamaso pa anamwali. Konzekani mokwana Zlmene mukukalangiza. Ngati ndikotheka gawanani magawo pakati panu. Do not read the booklet at the ceremony. You must prepare well in advance the things you are going to counsel. Ifpossible, practise before and share the parts. GAWO LACHIWIRI SECOND PART ATSlKANA OSATHA MSINKHU (ABUTHU) PRE-PUBERTY INSTRUCTION Pali zinthu zambiri zimene mtsikana amene sanathe msinkhu ayenera kuphunzira. Popeza ntchito ya alangizi ndikuphunzitsanso atsikana njira ndi makhalidwe a Chikhristu, nthawi yabwino ndi pamene sianathe msinkhu. Zina zimene atsikana ayenera kuphunzitsidwa ndi: There are many things that a girl should learn even before puberty. One of the jobs of the instructresses is to teach the girls the Christian way ofliving, and this stage is the best time to teach them. Some ofthe things that the alangizi can teach the girls as follows: Kudzisamala popewa chiwerewere Taking care of herself by not indulging in sexual immorality Kuchitira ulemu makolo, mafumu ndi akulu Showing respect to the parents, chiefs, and the elders Kumvera Obedience Kupewa maboza, kuba, ndi ndeu Avoid lying, stealing, and fighting Kukhala wolimbika pa kugwira ntchito kunyumba, mmudzi, ndi kumpingo To be industrious at home, in society, and in the church Kulimbika pakupembeza To be diligent in attending worship services 203
Ndi udindo wa alangizi kukonza maphunziro a atsikana onsewa kamodzi pamwezi. It is the responsibility ofthe instructresses to arrange meeting with the girls once every month. CHINAMWALl (KUTHA MSINKHU) PUBERTY RITE CEREMONY Malangizo kwa Alangizi For the Instructresses Pamene alangizi mwadziwitsidwa kuti mtsikana watha msinkhu, muyenera mukumane ndi mtsikanayo mwansanga. Mumuuze mwachidule tanthauzo la zimene zamuchitikirazo. Mumuphunzitsenso kabvalidwe ndi kasamalidwe ka mwele. Mtsikanayo asagwire ntchito yolemetsa, komanso asayende yende mpaka atabvinidwa potsirizira pa msambowo. When you have been informed that a girl has matured, you must meet with the girl as soon as possible. Briefly, instruct her on the meaning of the menses, how to wear and take care ofthe linen. She must do light work and should remain in seclusion until the chinamwali ceremony at the end ofher menses. Muyenera kudziwitsa amayi busa anu amene adziwitsanso abusa. Dziwitsaninso anamkungwi popeza ndiwo amene ayenera kukanena kwa mfumu. Mayi wa mtsikana apereka nkhuku yokanenera kwa mfumu. You must inform the pastor's wife who should inform the pastor. Inform also the traditional anamkungwi who will inform the chief. The girl's mother must pay the chiefs dues. Alangizi ndi mpingo, mogwirizana ndi makolo mukonzekere kumubvinira namwaliyo usiku wonse potha pa msambo wakewo. Simba labwino ndi kunyumba kwa mlangizi, komabe mukhoza kusankha malo ena opangira chinamwalicho. Alangizi, machembere a mumpingo, makolo a mtsikana (osati mai ake), ndi atsikana olangizidwa kale a mumpingo (koma awiri akhale aphungu), ayenera kudza kuchinamwalicho. The instructresses and the church, together with the parents, should prepare for the night's vigil chinamwali at the end of the girl's menses at the instructress' house, or any other house. The instructresses, the elderly women ofthe church, the girl's aunt or grandmother, and the younger women ofthe church should be invited to attend the chinamwali. Let two ofthem be tutors. Anthu onse oitanidwawo atatha kudya chakudya chamadzulo pamodzi, abusa kapena akulu a mpingo ayenera kutsegula mwarnbo ndi pemphero ndi mawu apang'ono achilimbikitso. Chonde onenetsetsani kuti kuimba, kubvina, ndakatulo, ngakhale masewero, ziyenera kutenga gawo lalikulu pachinamwali, kuti namwaliyo amvetse mwambo. Baibulo mukhoza kuwerenga koma osati Bukhu la alangizi ayi. When all the invited people have taken their evening meal, let the pastor or an elder begin with prayer and a word ofexhortation from the vernacular Bible. Please note that singing, dancing, and acting should be used in instructing the girl. You can use the Bible but not the instructresses' booklet. Mwambo wa usiku ukhoza kukhala motere. (Ichi ndi chitsanzo chimodzi, koma alangizi muyenera kukonza nyimbo zambiri ngakhalenso maseweero ndi mau ochokera m'Bukhu Loyera kuti chinamwali chikhale chopambana kwa namwali.) 204
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FROM CHINAMWALI TO CHILANGIZO: THE
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MWACHIDULE Chimangiriro ichi chikuf
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TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION n ABS
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MAPS........................•...
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1. INTRODUCTION Ntchembere yanzeru,
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My motivation, therefore, in the st
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In her work, Women, Presbyterianism
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This study covers female initiation
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vation and interviewing. The method
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church leaders, both men and women,
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Scriptures in order to understand w
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2. THE 'RELIGIOUS ITINERARY'? OF TH
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name of a person or his title to de
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lineage, and the whole community. F
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cross boundaries), and ziwanda ('ev
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ciation and 'celebration ofthe powe
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3. THE EMERGENCE OF THE SOUTHERN BA
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(2001:12) points out, three things
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tongues. Hilary Mijoga (1998:31) no
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2002). The two groups continued sep
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instrumental in supporting the idea
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On the mission field not all missio
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Autonomy is a term which expresses
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that our likulu is in heaven, and t
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Chewa is that menstrual blood is sa
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girls are 'captured' and put in the
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nity of both the living and the anc
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evil intentions at the initiation c
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Makanja or namkhwanya are masked da
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The first day's activities end with
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Then at the end ofthe song all the
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In the evening the initiates perfon
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While singing the same song above,
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the other being 'cutting' one's thr
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ishing them, especially if any of t
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stand and makes her jump over the s
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has her menses. Ulemu is also manif
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Teaching on the observance of taboo
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importance of the ritual. The prese
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When they are buried in the ground,
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5. CHILANGIZO: A CHRISTIAN RESPONSE
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Merely to condemn their rites and g
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Adopting the Christian faith, as Wa
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She mentioned that she did not know
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espectively (with pennission) ofbot
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port the teaching. The instruction
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6.2 CHILANGIZO CEREMONY AT CHIMENYA
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elderly people to mill their maize,
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women repeated most of what had bee
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There are dos and donts!' The whole
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Traditional beliefs. Things do chan
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such as phada (girls' game ofjumpin
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All the three ceremonies show that
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Generally, rituals Help people reme
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Human life is seen as a unity betwe
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The three case studies ofzilangizo
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With regard to the teaching content
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The booklet does not give instructi
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nences too great a strain as well a
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7. CONCLUSION: TOWARDS A CHRISTIAN
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The Scriptures say a great deal abo
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it is the mother who is normally ac
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about the fact that 'chikondi chang
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married couples as well, it would a
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social' (Oduyoye 1992:9). Through d
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seclusion until the chinamwali cere
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Please note that singing, dancing,
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The meaning is that this is the cou
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9. Ndinu mudanlenga inetu eee! Muda
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Onse azibvina akugwira thupi lawo n
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tion and gift-giving time. While al
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7.5 CONCLUSION The aim of this litu
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Chapter two 7. See Howell, A (2001)
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also be either a Christian or a non
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51. Chingondo must have a very sign
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Chapter six 67. Although the pastor
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SOURCES CONSULTED 1. Primary source
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--- 1995. Christianity in Africa: T
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The National Atlas ofMalawi, 1983.
Page 161 and 162: DeGabriele, J 1999. When pills don'
Page 163 and 164: GLOSSARY OF CHEWA WORDS· Abambo Ab
Page 165: Mkuzi M1andu Mmeto Mnjeza Mpalo str
Page 169 and 170: PLATE 3 Chingondo - On the Head of
Page 171 and 172: PLATES Chilangizo at Mphindo Baptis
Page 173 and 174: chiefs house so that we could light
Page 175 and 176: going round the village they would
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Page 179 and 180: girls, covered all round with cloth
Page 181 and 182: 9. Mkanda de, mkanda wa mkamwa Ndat
Page 183 and 184: I left for the ground when a messag
Page 185 and 186: The girls danced for a while and th
Page 187 and 188: , Many infonnants called mkangali t
Page 189 and 190: Meaning: This is the time to be cou
Page 191 and 192: would punish her in different ways,
Page 193 and 194: Akakwatana. When in marriage. A dra
Page 195 and 196: 58. Ndamvera kwathu, yaya Mwana wan
Page 197 and 198: The Chingondo (Headcrown) Ritual We
Page 199 and 200: frightening them, or punishing them
Page 201 and 202: dancing team. After dancing for a w
Page 203 and 204: They are however, reminded that aft
Page 206 and 207: APPENDIX D (Translated with permiss
Page 209 and 210: for a while from norrnallife and pu
Page 211: Gwiritsani ntchito ndime zalembedwa
Page 215 and 216: Machembere ayenera kumawafupa atsik
Page 217 and 218: Anthu onse nkuseka. Ndipo anamkungw
Page 219 and 220: Amayiwo ayenera kusonyeza ntchito y
Page 221: Adzichitira ulemu nyumba ya Mulungu
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