FROM CHINAMWALI TO CHILANGIZO:

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Meaning: If you keep your legs closed like this, you will not see your husband (you will not have sex) but the teaching is that 'you should not refuse to have sex with your husband. ' 51. Amuna anga ee aa eel x 2 Chikwatirire sanabwere x 2 Taitanani awo ndigona ndekha ine My husband ee aa eel Since we married does not come Please call that one for I am sleeping alone Meaning: A wife's complaint that her husband is not fulfilling his conjugal duties. The teaching is that a couple must fulfil their conjugal rights. 52. 0 tate, 0 tate x 2 Omako ndi omanga kaya! Omako sadapondane ndi omanga o father, 0 father Your mother and my mother don't know! Your mother and mine are not sisters Meaning: A complaint about a friend who does or talks evil ofher. Why do or say this to me as ifwe are related. The teaching is that people should not slander one another. 53. Chimwele katiye, tiye [ne ndabvala chaching 'ono [we wabvala chachikulu Menses linen let's go, let's go Me, I am wearing a small one You, you are wearing a big one Meaning: A husband is complaining that the wife is refusing to have sex because she is menstruating. And the teaching is that a couple must abstain from sexual relations when a wife is menstruating or when a child is sick. 54. Mwana wanga zaya, zaya x 2 S ukumva zamako zaya, zaya Zaya pantumbo My child deep, they are deep You do not listen to your mother deep, deep Deep at the vagina The following songs are mainly for a rude girl. The women would strip her naked, and like a ball, pass her to each other while standing, or roll her on the floor, or pull her by the legs while she is seated. And the teaching obviously is for the initiate to change her bad behaviour. 55. Wadza, wadza, Mwana wankhwaliyu, Si uyu, kani wabwera! 56. Mwano, mwano, de Namwali mwano uli pakamwa Lero ukadanya Siulemekeza anthu 57. Ndamvera kwathu, yaya! Mtsikana uyu ndammvera kwathu Kuti atukwana amfumu He has come, he has come, This pigeon's child Here he is, so he has come! Rudeness, rudeness, de Initiate, rudeness is at the mouth Today you would have seen You do not respect people I have heard from my home, yee! I have heard about this girl at home That she is cursing the chief 185
58. Ndamvera kwathu, yaya Mwana wanamwali uyu, yayade! Kuti atukwana anthu yayade! Tamfunsani ngati nzedi, yayade Ndamvera kwathuu 59. Timnyera, de x 3 Timnyera adakana kumvera Timnyeraa! I have heard from home, yea This girl initiate, yeeea! That she is cursing people, true Please ask her ifit is true I have heard from my homeee We will excrete on her, de She refused to obey We will excrete on her! With the following song the women dance while bending over, showing their bottoms to the girl's face. 60. Lololo mwana wanga wolongolola Padzuwa pati tinyini tiza Mwana iwe uziona Kalongolole Talkative my child is talkative On the sun the small vaginas You child, you are going to see The talking In the following two songs a stick is put sideways 10 the girl's mouth, and one woman, using two small sticks, imitates drumming on the girl's stick. 61. Tomaye, tomaye x 2 Usakawatukwane amnako iwe Usakawatukwane wadziwa panyini Mwazi wa panyini uli ndi iwe 62. Bwera naeni namwali Mukaaninkhe machembere Bwera naeni namwali Malango abzola 186 You mother, you mother You should not curse your husband you Do not curse him now that you have known the vagina The blood ofthe vagina is with you Bring the initiate Give to the elderly women Bring the initiate The counsel are passing The following are general songs sung by the zirombo with the women responding. They are sung on any occasion the zirombo attend. 63. Mbiriyo toto KwaKudowa toto Mbiriyo njatonse 64. A Kudowa agona mnyumba Maliro ali awo Mwandionongeratu gule 65. Jede! jede!, Eniake a mnyumba iyi Kodi adapita kuti? Kumandaa! 66. Gule uyu sadzatha Adayamba ndi makolo Achimwene imbani ng'oma tibvine The event no, no At Kudowa no, no The event is for us all Mr Kudowa is sleeping in the house While the funeral is his You have spoiled my dance Jede! Jede! The owners ofthis house Where did they go? To the grave! This dance will not cease For it is the parents who started Brother, beat the drum so that we dance
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FROM CHINAMWALI TO CHILANGIZO: THE
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MWACHIDULE Chimangiriro ichi chikuf
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TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION n ABS
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MAPS........................•...
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1. INTRODUCTION Ntchembere yanzeru,
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My motivation, therefore, in the st
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In her work, Women, Presbyterianism
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This study covers female initiation
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vation and interviewing. The method
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church leaders, both men and women,
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Scriptures in order to understand w
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2. THE 'RELIGIOUS ITINERARY'? OF TH
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name of a person or his title to de
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lineage, and the whole community. F
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cross boundaries), and ziwanda ('ev
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ciation and 'celebration ofthe powe
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3. THE EMERGENCE OF THE SOUTHERN BA
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(2001:12) points out, three things
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tongues. Hilary Mijoga (1998:31) no
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2002). The two groups continued sep
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instrumental in supporting the idea
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On the mission field not all missio
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Autonomy is a term which expresses
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that our likulu is in heaven, and t
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Chewa is that menstrual blood is sa
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girls are 'captured' and put in the
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nity of both the living and the anc
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evil intentions at the initiation c
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Makanja or namkhwanya are masked da
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The first day's activities end with
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Then at the end ofthe song all the
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In the evening the initiates perfon
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While singing the same song above,
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the other being 'cutting' one's thr
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ishing them, especially if any of t
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stand and makes her jump over the s
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has her menses. Ulemu is also manif
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Teaching on the observance of taboo
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importance of the ritual. The prese
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When they are buried in the ground,
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5. CHILANGIZO: A CHRISTIAN RESPONSE
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Merely to condemn their rites and g
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Adopting the Christian faith, as Wa
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She mentioned that she did not know
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espectively (with pennission) ofbot
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port the teaching. The instruction
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6.2 CHILANGIZO CEREMONY AT CHIMENYA
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elderly people to mill their maize,
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women repeated most of what had bee
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There are dos and donts!' The whole
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Traditional beliefs. Things do chan
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such as phada (girls' game ofjumpin
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All the three ceremonies show that
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Generally, rituals Help people reme
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Human life is seen as a unity betwe
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The three case studies ofzilangizo
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With regard to the teaching content
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The booklet does not give instructi
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nences too great a strain as well a
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7. CONCLUSION: TOWARDS A CHRISTIAN
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The Scriptures say a great deal abo
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it is the mother who is normally ac
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about the fact that 'chikondi chang
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married couples as well, it would a
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social' (Oduyoye 1992:9). Through d
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seclusion until the chinamwali cere
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Please note that singing, dancing,
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The meaning is that this is the cou
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9. Ndinu mudanlenga inetu eee! Muda
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Onse azibvina akugwira thupi lawo n
Page 143 and 144: tion and gift-giving time. While al
Page 145 and 146: 7.5 CONCLUSION The aim of this litu
Page 147 and 148: Chapter two 7. See Howell, A (2001)
Page 149 and 150: also be either a Christian or a non
Page 151 and 152: 51. Chingondo must have a very sign
Page 153 and 154: Chapter six 67. Although the pastor
Page 155 and 156: SOURCES CONSULTED 1. Primary source
Page 157 and 158: --- 1995. Christianity in Africa: T
Page 159 and 160: The National Atlas ofMalawi, 1983.
Page 161 and 162: DeGabriele, J 1999. When pills don'
Page 163 and 164: GLOSSARY OF CHEWA WORDS· Abambo Ab
Page 165: Mkuzi M1andu Mmeto Mnjeza Mpalo str
Page 169 and 170: PLATE 3 Chingondo - On the Head of
Page 171 and 172: PLATES Chilangizo at Mphindo Baptis
Page 173 and 174: chiefs house so that we could light
Page 175 and 176: going round the village they would
Page 177 and 178: all join in ululating and take the
Page 179 and 180: girls, covered all round with cloth
Page 181 and 182: 9. Mkanda de, mkanda wa mkamwa Ndat
Page 183 and 184: I left for the ground when a messag
Page 185 and 186: The girls danced for a while and th
Page 187 and 188: , Many infonnants called mkangali t
Page 189 and 190: Meaning: This is the time to be cou
Page 191 and 192: would punish her in different ways,
Page 193: Akakwatana. When in marriage. A dra
Page 197 and 198: The Chingondo (Headcrown) Ritual We
Page 199 and 200: frightening them, or punishing them
Page 201 and 202: dancing team. After dancing for a w
Page 203 and 204: They are however, reminded that aft
Page 206 and 207: APPENDIX D (Translated with permiss
Page 209 and 210: for a while from norrnallife and pu
Page 211 and 212: Gwiritsani ntchito ndime zalembedwa
Page 213 and 214: Ndi udindo wa alangizi kukonza maph
Page 215 and 216: Machembere ayenera kumawafupa atsik
Page 217 and 218: Anthu onse nkuseka. Ndipo anamkungw
Page 219 and 220: Amayiwo ayenera kusonyeza ntchito y
Page 221: Adzichitira ulemu nyumba ya Mulungu
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FROM CHINAMWALI TO CHILANGIZO:

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