FROM CHINAMWALI TO CHILANGIZO:
FROM CHINAMWALI TO CHILANGIZO: FROM CHINAMWALI TO CHILANGIZO:
ground. While crawling, each one pushes the stone with her head to the fireplace. They stand up after they are given some gift ofmoney. After making the fire, all the anamkungwi carry the clay pot on to the fire, using not their whole hand, but one finger from both hands. The leading namkungwi then pours water into it using a cup. She follows the same brewing process with the rest of the beer. This beer is called mowa wa njobvu (the elephant's beer). Only the chiefs and the nyau leaders drink this beer. In the afternoon the atmosphere was quiet. Only women were seen busy around the fires. Some were pushing the firewood into the fire; some were putting flour into the drums while others were stirring; still others were seated and chatting. At our house my informant and her mother were also busy with their cooking. When the water was hot enough, the mother took maize flour and poured it into the drum while my informant was stirring with a long wooden spoon. We sat and chatted while the porridge was boiling. As we sat we heard some noise and saw some children running towards us from the chiefs house shouting 'zirombo! zirombo!' ('animals! animals! '). When we looked, we saw four masked young men each carrying a stick and a small axe, moving up and down to where people were. When people ran away into their houses, the zirombo would also go away, and so on. This went on for a while since the children would run away and return inviting the zirombo, saying, 'come! come!' I saw some giving the zirombo money, which I learnt later was in small denominations of 10 or 20 Tambala coins. A few people would give them a note offive Kwacha. The pots ofporridge were then taken offthe fires and poured into other drums/pots to cool down. After having our supper, my informant and I went to sleep in a smaller house (her brother's).) My informant explained the day's activities, especially what we had missed and what we were not going to see during the night. She did not know yet how many initiates there were, but indicated that the girls would sleep in one of the houses near the chiefs house with other girls. The zirombo, nkhandwe (wild dogs) would be performing that night. They made all sorts of noise - knocking on doors from house to house around the village to be given money. The young men accompanying the zirombo were singing and clapping hands for the zirombo. After 165
going round the village they would go to make noise at the girls' house, where they would throw some leaves and/or ashes into the house at the girls. They would try to force open the door while the girls would scream and hold the door from inside. The zirombo would also make fire by the door and blow the smoke into the house; or they may burn tobacco leaves, or hot chillies in order to choke the girls. When the aphungu see that it is too much for the girls, they redeem them by giving the zirombo some money. Then the zirombo stop harassing the girls but continue to dance. I was told that many times the young nyau dancers (zirombo) get drunk before performing; therefore they can be quite rough and cruel. Ifany woman is found outside, the young men 'capture' her and send her to the men's initiation place (dambwe) where she is initiated into the men's rite. Many informants said that if a woman is initiated at the men's rite, she undergoes untold sexual ordeals. The informant then indicated that the day's activities ended with anamkungwi preparing food for the zirombo late at night. DAY TWO: TSIKU LOPHIKITSA MOWA (THE BEER RE-BOILING DAY) Early in the morning I heard women singing after they had cleaned the rubbish left by the zirombo: Bwera, bwera, udzamuone Popi Ali m 'bwalomu! Come, come and see the Puppy He is in the ground! In the meantime, my informant told me that the women would be drawing water very early in the morning because the zirombo would be staying at the water place, hence no one could draw water. I could see women carrying water containers on their heads and pouring into larger containers, while others were relighting the fires for boiling the beer. While the beer was being reboiled as it was approaching noon, I heard remarks such as 'It means things are not well! The structures have not yet been completed!' This meant that the water place remained open for the zirombo did not go to the water place. They were still weaving the structures at the dambwe. 166
- Page 124 and 125: it is the mother who is normally ac
- Page 126: about the fact that 'chikondi chang
- Page 129 and 130: married couples as well, it would a
- Page 131 and 132: social' (Oduyoye 1992:9). Through d
- Page 133 and 134: seclusion until the chinamwali cere
- Page 135 and 136: Please note that singing, dancing,
- Page 137 and 138: The meaning is that this is the cou
- Page 139 and 140: 9. Ndinu mudanlenga inetu eee! Muda
- Page 141 and 142: Onse azibvina akugwira thupi lawo n
- Page 143 and 144: tion and gift-giving time. While al
- Page 145 and 146: 7.5 CONCLUSION The aim of this litu
- Page 147 and 148: Chapter two 7. See Howell, A (2001)
- Page 149 and 150: also be either a Christian or a non
- Page 151 and 152: 51. Chingondo must have a very sign
- Page 153 and 154: Chapter six 67. Although the pastor
- Page 155 and 156: SOURCES CONSULTED 1. Primary source
- Page 157 and 158: --- 1995. Christianity in Africa: T
- Page 159 and 160: The National Atlas ofMalawi, 1983.
- Page 161 and 162: DeGabriele, J 1999. When pills don'
- Page 163 and 164: GLOSSARY OF CHEWA WORDS· Abambo Ab
- Page 165: Mkuzi M1andu Mmeto Mnjeza Mpalo str
- Page 169 and 170: PLATE 3 Chingondo - On the Head of
- Page 171 and 172: PLATES Chilangizo at Mphindo Baptis
- Page 173: chiefs house so that we could light
- Page 177 and 178: all join in ululating and take the
- Page 179 and 180: girls, covered all round with cloth
- Page 181 and 182: 9. Mkanda de, mkanda wa mkamwa Ndat
- Page 183 and 184: I left for the ground when a messag
- Page 185 and 186: The girls danced for a while and th
- Page 187 and 188: , Many infonnants called mkangali t
- Page 189 and 190: Meaning: This is the time to be cou
- Page 191 and 192: would punish her in different ways,
- Page 193 and 194: Akakwatana. When in marriage. A dra
- Page 195 and 196: 58. Ndamvera kwathu, yaya Mwana wan
- Page 197 and 198: The Chingondo (Headcrown) Ritual We
- Page 199 and 200: frightening them, or punishing them
- Page 201 and 202: dancing team. After dancing for a w
- Page 203 and 204: They are however, reminded that aft
- Page 206 and 207: APPENDIX D (Translated with permiss
- Page 209 and 210: for a while from norrnallife and pu
- Page 211 and 212: Gwiritsani ntchito ndime zalembedwa
- Page 213 and 214: Ndi udindo wa alangizi kukonza maph
- Page 215 and 216: Machembere ayenera kumawafupa atsik
- Page 217 and 218: Anthu onse nkuseka. Ndipo anamkungw
- Page 219 and 220: Amayiwo ayenera kusonyeza ntchito y
- Page 221: Adzichitira ulemu nyumba ya Mulungu
ground. While crawling, each one pushes the stone with her head to the fireplace.<br />
They stand up after they are given some gift ofmoney. After making the fire, all the<br />
anamkungwi carry the clay pot on to the fire, using not their whole hand, but one<br />
finger from both hands. The leading namkungwi then pours water into it using a cup.<br />
She follows the same brewing process with the rest of the beer. This beer is called<br />
mowa wa njobvu (the elephant's beer). Only the chiefs and the nyau leaders drink this<br />
beer.<br />
In the afternoon the atmosphere was quiet. Only women were seen busy around the<br />
fires. Some were pushing the firewood into the fire; some were putting flour into the<br />
drums while others were stirring; still others were seated and chatting. At our house<br />
my informant and her mother were also busy with their cooking. When the water was<br />
hot enough, the mother took maize flour and poured it into the drum while my<br />
informant was stirring with a long wooden spoon. We sat and chatted while the<br />
porridge was boiling.<br />
As we sat we heard some noise and saw some children running towards us from the<br />
chiefs house shouting 'zirombo! zirombo!' ('animals! animals! '). When we looked,<br />
we saw four masked young men each carrying a stick and a small axe, moving up and<br />
down to where people were. When people ran away into their houses, the zirombo<br />
would also go away, and so on. This went on for a while since the children would run<br />
away and return inviting the zirombo, saying, 'come! come!' I saw some giving the<br />
zirombo money, which I learnt later was in small denominations of 10 or 20 Tambala<br />
coins. A few people would give them a note offive Kwacha.<br />
The pots ofporridge were then taken offthe fires and poured into other drums/pots to<br />
cool down. After having our supper, my informant and I went to sleep in a smaller<br />
house (her brother's).) My informant explained the day's activities, especially what<br />
we had missed and what we were not going to see during the night. She did not know<br />
yet how many initiates there were, but indicated that the girls would sleep in one of<br />
the houses near the chiefs house with other girls. The zirombo, nkhandwe (wild<br />
dogs) would be performing that night. They made all sorts of noise - knocking on<br />
doors from house to house around the village to be given money. The young men<br />
accompanying the zirombo were singing and clapping hands for the zirombo. After<br />
165