FROM CHINAMWALI TO CHILANGIZO:

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Chiwanda Chizimba Dambo Dambwe Fisi Gule wamkulu Khonde Khundabwi Kudika Kudula Kukhwima Kulangiza KulaulalZolaula Kumeta Kutenga mwana Kutsilika Kuzulula Likulu Liunde Makolo Mankhwala Mayi/amayi Mbumba Mdulo Mfiti Mfumu Mkanda Mkangali 155 a roaming spirit of a deceased who is not received into the spirit world because ofhis misdeeds activating agent in traditional medicine low lands with grass place where nyau structures are made, usually at the graveyard hyena; a man called to perform ritual intercourse with a girl at the end ofher first menstruation big dance; nyau dance veranda herbal mixture given to a girl upon her first menstruation to abstain from sexual intercourse for a ritual purpose to cut; causing illness or death by transgressing a sexual taboo to be magically protected to advise; to instruct to mention the male or female private parts to shave; to be initiated a ritual some weeks after the birth ofa child to give it strength to protect with magic a ritual ceremony for a chiefto own nyau and the bwalo (ground) headquarters meeting place ofthe nyau near the bwalo parents; ancestors medicine mother, madam, or Mrs. women under the protection and authority of a maternal uncle or brother mysterious disease caused by the transgression ofa sexual taboo witch chief beads the last stage ofa chiefs initiation rite
Mkuzi M1andu Mmeto Mnjeza Mpalo string around the waist a case or lawsuit literally, a hair shaving, but it means an initiation rite a type ofdance at a chiefs installation or at mkangali 156 an annual ritual ceremony to remember those who died in the past year Mtengo tree Mtsikana girl Mwambo, miyambo custom(s) Mzimu, rnizimu spirit(s) ofthe dead Mzinda the right granted to chiefs to own nyau and hold initiation for girls Namwali a girl; anyone undergoing initiation Nchembere an elderly woman or women who haslhave had children. Nkhoswe a go-between to handle marriage negotiations and affairs Nyau masked secret society Phungu tutor at initiation Sing'anga medicine man; magician Tsimba seclusion house for initiates Tsinde ancestress through whom a lineage trace their descent Ulemu sign ofrespect shown to chiefs, elders and parents Zachikunja belonging outside, meaning 'unChristian' Zirombo wild beasts; nyau dancers Zolaula songs that mention the male or female private parts I The list was compiled from the following sources: (I) Phiri, I (1997:9) Women, Presbyterianism and patriarchy; (2) Van Breugel (2001:21-23) Chewa traditional religion; (3) Louw, J K 1987. Chichewa: A practical course; (4) The student's English-Chichewa dictionary, 1986 [1972]. Blantyre: CLAIM.
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FROM CHINAMWALI TO CHILANGIZO: THE
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MWACHIDULE Chimangiriro ichi chikuf
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TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION n ABS
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MAPS........................•...
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1. INTRODUCTION Ntchembere yanzeru,
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My motivation, therefore, in the st
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In her work, Women, Presbyterianism
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This study covers female initiation
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vation and interviewing. The method
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church leaders, both men and women,
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Scriptures in order to understand w
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2. THE 'RELIGIOUS ITINERARY'? OF TH
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name of a person or his title to de
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lineage, and the whole community. F
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cross boundaries), and ziwanda ('ev
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ciation and 'celebration ofthe powe
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3. THE EMERGENCE OF THE SOUTHERN BA
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(2001:12) points out, three things
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tongues. Hilary Mijoga (1998:31) no
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2002). The two groups continued sep
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instrumental in supporting the idea
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On the mission field not all missio
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Autonomy is a term which expresses
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that our likulu is in heaven, and t
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Chewa is that menstrual blood is sa
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girls are 'captured' and put in the
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nity of both the living and the anc
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evil intentions at the initiation c
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Makanja or namkhwanya are masked da
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The first day's activities end with
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Then at the end ofthe song all the
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In the evening the initiates perfon
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While singing the same song above,
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the other being 'cutting' one's thr
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ishing them, especially if any of t
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stand and makes her jump over the s
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has her menses. Ulemu is also manif
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Teaching on the observance of taboo
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importance of the ritual. The prese
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When they are buried in the ground,
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5. CHILANGIZO: A CHRISTIAN RESPONSE
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Merely to condemn their rites and g
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Adopting the Christian faith, as Wa
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She mentioned that she did not know
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espectively (with pennission) ofbot
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port the teaching. The instruction
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6.2 CHILANGIZO CEREMONY AT CHIMENYA
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elderly people to mill their maize,
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women repeated most of what had bee
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There are dos and donts!' The whole
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Traditional beliefs. Things do chan
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such as phada (girls' game ofjumpin
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All the three ceremonies show that
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Generally, rituals Help people reme
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Human life is seen as a unity betwe
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The three case studies ofzilangizo
Page 114 and 115: With regard to the teaching content
Page 116 and 117: The booklet does not give instructi
Page 118 and 119: nences too great a strain as well a
Page 120 and 121: 7. CONCLUSION: TOWARDS A CHRISTIAN
Page 122 and 123: The Scriptures say a great deal abo
Page 124 and 125: it is the mother who is normally ac
Page 126: about the fact that 'chikondi chang
Page 129 and 130: married couples as well, it would a
Page 131 and 132: social' (Oduyoye 1992:9). Through d
Page 133 and 134: seclusion until the chinamwali cere
Page 135 and 136: Please note that singing, dancing,
Page 137 and 138: The meaning is that this is the cou
Page 139 and 140: 9. Ndinu mudanlenga inetu eee! Muda
Page 141 and 142: Onse azibvina akugwira thupi lawo n
Page 143 and 144: tion and gift-giving time. While al
Page 145 and 146: 7.5 CONCLUSION The aim of this litu
Page 147 and 148: Chapter two 7. See Howell, A (2001)
Page 149 and 150: also be either a Christian or a non
Page 151 and 152: 51. Chingondo must have a very sign
Page 153 and 154: Chapter six 67. Although the pastor
Page 155 and 156: SOURCES CONSULTED 1. Primary source
Page 157 and 158: --- 1995. Christianity in Africa: T
Page 159 and 160: The National Atlas ofMalawi, 1983.
Page 161 and 162: DeGabriele, J 1999. When pills don'
Page 163: GLOSSARY OF CHEWA WORDS· Abambo Ab
Page 169 and 170: PLATE 3 Chingondo - On the Head of
Page 171 and 172: PLATES Chilangizo at Mphindo Baptis
Page 173 and 174: chiefs house so that we could light
Page 175 and 176: going round the village they would
Page 177 and 178: all join in ululating and take the
Page 179 and 180: girls, covered all round with cloth
Page 181 and 182: 9. Mkanda de, mkanda wa mkamwa Ndat
Page 183 and 184: I left for the ground when a messag
Page 185 and 186: The girls danced for a while and th
Page 187 and 188: , Many infonnants called mkangali t
Page 189 and 190: Meaning: This is the time to be cou
Page 191 and 192: would punish her in different ways,
Page 193 and 194: Akakwatana. When in marriage. A dra
Page 195 and 196: 58. Ndamvera kwathu, yaya Mwana wan
Page 197 and 198: The Chingondo (Headcrown) Ritual We
Page 199 and 200: frightening them, or punishing them
Page 201 and 202: dancing team. After dancing for a w
Page 203 and 204: They are however, reminded that aft
Page 206 and 207: APPENDIX D (Translated with permiss
Page 209 and 210: for a while from norrnallife and pu
Page 211 and 212: Gwiritsani ntchito ndime zalembedwa
Page 213 and 214: Ndi udindo wa alangizi kukonza maph
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Machembere ayenera kumawafupa atsik
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Anthu onse nkuseka. Ndipo anamkungw
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Amayiwo ayenera kusonyeza ntchito y
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Adzichitira ulemu nyumba ya Mulungu
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FROM CHINAMWALI TO CHILANGIZO:

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