Vietnam feasibility study - EITI

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50 v.1 - HIsTOrY anD THe DevelOPmenT PrOGress Of eITI The benefits of natural resource extraction should be shared among stakeholders. There are some global initiatives and approaches to sustainably manage natural resources, such as the civil society global network Publish What You Pay (PWYP) led by Global Witness and the International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM). Another initiative that is widely supported by governments around the world is the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI). Based on principles similar to PWYP, the EITI was first announced by former British Prime Minister Mr. Tony Blair at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, South Africa in 2002 (RWI, 2008). The EITI is a volunteer initiative among government, companies, local civil society organizations and international organizations to enhance transparency and accountability in the extractive industry. It provides a global standard for revenue transparency comprised of two main mechanisms: (i) extractive companies disclose payments made to government and vice versa; and (ii) an independent administrative body reconciles all received data, which is managed and operated by multiplestakeholders (Fig.4) The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative and the Implementation Perspective of Vietnam minh baåch laâ àùåc trûng cuãa caác chñnh phuã, caác cöng ty, caác töí chûác vaâ caá nhên vïì viïåc cöng böë röång raäi thöng tin, luêåt lïå, kïë hoaåch, quaá trònh vaâ hoaåt àöång. vïì nguyïn tùæc, caác cöng chûác nhaâ nûúác, ngûúâi quaãn lyá vaâ giaám àöëc cuãa caác cöng ty vaâ töí chûác phaãi coá nhiïåm vuå hoaåt àöång möåt caách roä raâng, coá thïí dûå àoaán vaâ coá thïí hiïíu àûúåc nhùçm tùng cûúâng sûå tham gia vaâ traách nhiïåm giaãi trònh (Transparency International, 2009) cHaPPTer v eXTracTIve InDusTrIes TransParencY InITIaTIve Figure 4. The mechanism of the EITI
To date, there are 35 EITI implementing countries around the world. Of these, 24 are candidates and 11 are EITI compliant, including Azerbaijan, Mongolia, Liberia, Timor Lester, Norway, and Ghana (Figure 5). Furthermore, four countries, including Equatorial Guinea, Ukraine, Ethiopia, and Sao Tome and Principe, have announced their intention of implementing the EITI. The EITI is also widely supported by extractive companies and civil society organizations. So far, there are 50 top international extractive companies participating, such as Alcoa and BHP Billiton; and hundreds of civil society organizations and mining associations, such as Revenue Watch Institute, Oxfam, Open Society Institute, and the American Petroleum Association. The EU Commission, the Africa Commission, the World Bank and the ADB have also actively participated or supported this Initiative (http://eiti.org). Figure 5. The EITI implementing countries At the 5 th EITI Global Conference held in March 2011 in Paris, France, around 900 participants from 70 countries attended. Of these, there were six presidents, some ministers, a dozen of CEOs of extractive corporations and international financial institutions, and representatives of civil society organizations. In the framework of the conference, representatives of the governments of Great Britain, Belgium, the US and France; financial institutions (viz., World Bank and ADB); and extractive corporations (viz., Shell and BP) all strongly expressed their support for the EITI, as well as their commitment to promoting the EITI around the world. Recently, China also showed some positive attitude towards the EITI by supporting the UN General Assembly Resolution to promote transparency among all Member States. Moreover, Chinese extractive companies in some countries like Mongolia, Nigeria, Gabon and Kazakhstan have been reported under the EITI’s principles (Paris, 2009). Not only does China, but also the G20 nations expressed their encouragement to participate the EITI in Pittsburgh, USA, in 2009 (US. Government, 2009). In Southeast Asia, after Timor-Leste, Indonesia is the second country to sign up to the EITI by the President’s decision on April 2010. It was accepted as an EITI candidate in October 2010. Some other countries such as Cambodia and Malaysia have received technical support from the EITI supporting organizations, such as the Revenue Watch Institute and the EITI Secretariat. This initiative has been brought to Vietnam since 2006 through various channels. Introducing the The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative and the Implementation Perspective of Vietnam 51
Page 1 and 2: The Extractive Industries Transpare
Page 3: The Extractive Industries Transpare
Page 6 and 7: 6 tAbles And FIguRes Table 1. Statu
Page 8 and 9: 8 The Extractive Industries Transpa
Page 10 and 11: 10 exeCutIVe summARy Vietnam has a
Page 12 and 13: 12 EITI because it would benefit as
Page 14 and 15: 14 cHaPTer I. OvervIew Of mIneral r
Page 16 and 17: 16 According to calculations, oil a
Page 18 and 19: 18 etc. The Nghi Son oil refinery c
Page 20 and 21: 20 MOF has the role to manage these
Page 22 and 23: 22 I.4 General cOmmenT Vietnam is d
Page 24 and 25: 24 for collection and creation of i
Page 26 and 27: 26 II.1.2 Tax responsibilities Tax
Page 28 and 29: 28 fines. These contents are guided
Page 30 and 31: 30 II.2 - fInancIal lIaBIlITY Of TH
Page 32 and 33: 32 Exploration Exploitation Process
Page 34 and 35: 34 cHaPTer III. real sITuaTIOn Of T
Page 36 and 37: 36 Payments The Extractive Industri
Page 38 and 39: 38 • Environmental protection fee
Page 40 and 41: 40 This is the biggest source of re
Page 42 and 43: 42 activities. The support to fishe
Page 44 and 45: 44 tax, personal income tax, are no
Page 46 and 47: 46 Smith (2004) claims that transpa
Page 48 and 49: 48 fee - collecting organizations a
Page 52 and 53: 52 EITI and lobbying Vietnam to imp
Page 54 and 55: 54 EITI report of Nigeria indicates
Page 56 and 57: 56 to 16,000 billion VND 12 ). Of t
Page 58 and 59: 58 The extractive companies would b
Page 60 and 61: 60 punishment once discovering the
Page 62 and 63: 62 To clarify the way of operation
Page 64 and 65: 64 vI.4 - cOnclusIOn In recent year
Page 66 and 67: 66 ReFeRenCe • BP. (2010). BP Sta
Page 68 and 69: 68 The Extractive Industries Transp
Page 70 and 71: 70 Annex d the semi-structured ques
Page 72 and 73: 72 Annex F data collection table of
Page 74: 74 II. Challenges/Barriers in enfor

Vietnam feasibility study - EITI

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