A Study of Shelters for Street Children from an Organizational ...

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two perspectives continually concerned shelters managers because of the fear that creating a dependency syndrome among children would equally encourage children to live their homes in search of better services in shelters. In this regard, Intervention efforts needed to be coordinated and collaborated programs of action between government departments and shelters in order to prevent children from choosing to live on the streets and intervene and reintegrate those who are already on the streets. This link is necessary because different shelters approach the phenomenon of children living and/or working on the streets from different perspectives, which mark their uniqueness philosophically and ideologically. The Durban Street Children's Forum was aimed to co-ordinate and to bring together NGOs and shelters and be that link between shelters and government. Child Welfare Department is charged with the responsibilities to oversee what shelters do and implement. Shelters carry out their service delivery together with the intervention and reintegration programs independently. The government appear contented with the input of the shelters so long as they are registered according to the Child Care Amendment Act 1996. There seems to be no concern how shelters are organized and run to meet their objectives and the challenges of children living and/or working on the streets. In view of this, a plausible question would be, is the present number of shelters enough to meet the challenges of growing numbers of children living and/or working on the streets? If so, are the shelters adequately organized to handle the new dimension of HIV/AIDS? And if they are capable, are they meeting the challenges? 1.7 Research Methods Employed in the Study The study relied on a qualitative form of enquiry because it allowed the focus on the discursive and interaction nature of social science research (Henning, et al 2003). But this should not be understood to mean that other approaches could not have been applicable, but rather that the researcher was more comfortable in conducting and making use of techniques and tools of qualitative inquiry (Henning, et al 2003: 7). More important is the nature of data the study required to measure, the variables with regard to the interface, experiences and interaction between shelter staff and residents on one hand and on the other, the intervention/reintegration programs and shelter services. The research sample size consisted of four shelters. In keeping with social science research ethics, whereby anonymity and confidentiality have to be observed, the 9
names of the shelters have been renamed, A; 8; C; D. In that order, they will be referred to hereinafter. A total of 24 invitation letters were written to shelters. Most responded positively and some did not respond at all. The first four shelters who responded positively indicating their willingness to participate in the research project were included. A pilot project was undertaken with another shelter. The results were encouraging, thereby giving the impetus to the study. In every shelter, the following activities were undertaken: • Reintegration programs and policy guidelines were studied. • Focus group discussions with the children as recipients and users of shelter services and programs were conducted. • Focus groups discussions with the staffs as service providers were conducted. • Managers of shelters were interviewed. • A study of any records that shelters kept and were available. (most shelters do not necessary keep records). A time frame of 5 years back was applied to allow the identification of particular trends and patterns within the shelter's organisational structure, program development and implementation. The interplay between government's role and the shelter programs play that influence the lives of the children. Shelters staff interacts very closely with the children as they deliver service and implement shelter programs. In this regard, shelter staff character and behaviour towards children, together with their output in delivery of services and implementation of intervention/reintegration programs determine whether shelters meet their objectives. Consequently, their participation in the study was pivotal. Most important was the participation of the children in the study, because they were the recipients of shelter services and programs, and intervention efforts were geared towards their welfare. Gaitskell (1998) argues that the participation of shelter residents is dependent on the value they attach to shelter services and programs coupled with the inter-relationships between residents and staff members. There is a link between staff morale and children's willingness to participate in shelter programs. This link is very significant because it is the base upon which either negative or positive feelings of the children or staffs are derived and consequently the participation or lack of it of children in shelter programs and receptivity of services. 10
Page 1: A Study of Shelters for Street Chil
Page 4 and 5: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I extend my sincer
Page 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 0 NE 1 IN
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Showing the
Page 11 and 12: children's homes. In 1996 the Europ
Page 13 and 14: specifically in its policies (http:
Page 15 and 16: Hosken, (2004) in an article titled
Page 17: 1.5 The Purpose and Objective of th
Page 21 and 22: 1.8.2 Organizationalll1eory Shelter
Page 23 and 24: Chapter Four: Data analysis. The ch
Page 25 and 26: communities posing enormous challen
Page 27 and 28: To perceive human social reality as
Page 29 and 30: Shelter's intervention/reintegratio
Page 32 and 33: 2.4 Definitions The focus of the re
Page 35: enforcement officers, outreach work
Page 40 and 41: 3.1 Introduction CHAPTER THREE RESE
Page 42 and 43: given to the demands of shelter pro
Page 44 and 45: views and perceptions over the topi
Page 46 and 47: 3.4 The Researcher in Qualitative I
Page 48 and 49: which means children there, are sta
Page 51 and 52: paid to the recording devices. The
Page 53 and 54: esearchers need to agree or disagre
Page 55 and 56: • Staff morale was high when moti
Page 57 and 58: 3.11 Ethical Considerations Babbie
Page 59 and 60: 4.1 Introduction CHAPTER FOUR OATA
Page 61 and 62: 4.2. Shelters Services and Programs
Page 63 and 64: children with their families where
Page 65 and 66: y the shelter's philosophy, goals,
Page 67 and 68: 4.2.5 Shelter Routine and Regulatio
Page 69 and 70:
4.2.6 Policy on Visitors The four s
Page 71 and 72:
children played; this was done depe
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living and/or working on the street
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4.3.1 Structure and physical locati
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Apart from management of shelters,
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Regarding transparency, accountabil
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Staff expressed that children shoul
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was immediately reassuring to child
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will to choose whether to or not li
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Sangoma (traditional doctor) and I
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Look at this shelter look at the do
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preferable. Participants continued
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It is okay when one is going with a
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5.1 Introduction CHAPTER FIVE DISCU
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The challenges of children living a
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differed greatly from the feelings
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een on the streets for a very long
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from the overseas. Some of the loca
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programs to communities and familie
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explained, was their priority. It i
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streets, consequently, shelters int
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perspectives, understanding, and ca
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understand such discourses. Through
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6.1.3 Conclusions Regarding Researc
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and appreciation that the children
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Shelters could endeavour to reinfor
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The effort is to move the children
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macroeconomic factors, the local mi
Page 128 and 129:
REFERENCES Acker, A. (1986). Childr
Page 130 and 131:
Brown, D. C. (1996). 'Why ask why:
Page 132 and 133:
Gronbjen, K. A. (1992). Nonprofit H
Page 134 and 135:
Mills C. W. (1971). The Sociologica
Page 136 and 137:
Swart, J. (1987). 'Street Children:
Page 138 and 139:
Street children in http://allafrica
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3.1.5. Does the shelter have any re
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4. Social and Recreation 4.1. How a
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Follow-up questions What are the sh
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APPENDIX 3 FOCUS GROUPS CHILDREN Pl
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6. Shelter routine and Discipline:
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