Costa Rica Mar. - Apr. 1996 - Scanbird
Costa Rica Mar. - Apr. 1996 - Scanbird
Costa Rica Mar. - Apr. 1996 - Scanbird
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BIRDWATCHING IN<br />
COSTA RICA<br />
MAR. - APR. <strong>1996</strong>.<br />
Internetversion<br />
ERIK MØLGAARD, JESPER MEEDOM<br />
&<br />
STIG KJÆRGAARD RASMUSSEN<br />
DANISH ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY<br />
BIRDLIFE - DENMARK
Publisher:<br />
Danish Ornithological Society´s Excursion Committee©<br />
Vesterbrogade 140A<br />
1620 Copenhagen<br />
Denmark<br />
Copies of this report can be purchased from:<br />
Danish Ornithological Society´s Bookshop<br />
Vesterbrogade 140A<br />
1620 Copenhagen<br />
Denmark<br />
Telephone +45 31 31 85 63<br />
Fax +45 31 31 24 35
INTRODUCTION.<br />
In <strong>Mar</strong>ch and <strong>Apr</strong>il <strong>1996</strong>, the excursions committee of the Copenhagen department of the Danish<br />
Ornithological Society (DOF) carried out its first tour to <strong>Costa</strong> <strong>Rica</strong>.<br />
The journey was planned with the purpose to give the participants an insight into the unique<br />
birdlife and biodiversity of the country and to visit a number of localities in varied habitats. We<br />
concentrated on the well known localities in the central <strong>Costa</strong> <strong>Rica</strong> and flew on to two different<br />
areas in the southern part of the country.<br />
The tour was organised as a 15 days tour with a 7 days extension. Most participants were with us<br />
on the entire tour.<br />
The number of bird species recorded was satisfactory. We made up a birdlist of 515 species.<br />
The participants were:<br />
Two weeks: Sten Pedersen (SP), Jesper Meedom (JM), Klaus Rying (KR) and Else Helmer.<br />
Three weeks: Stig K. Rasmussen (SKR), <strong>Mar</strong>tin H. Nielsen (MHN), Lise Larsen, Lillian<br />
Pedersen, Steen Skaarup, Poul-Erik Madsen(PEM), Tim Andersen(TA),<br />
Mogens Petterson, Meta Bischoff (MB) and Lennart Pedersen (LP).<br />
The tour fee was DKK 20,400.- for the base package and additional DKK 4,750.- for the<br />
optional extension, including all transportation, accommodations, full board, cancellation<br />
insurance, "official" tips, cost of guides and tour leader as well as the usual DOF services.<br />
The local currency is called Collones and the exchange rate in <strong>Mar</strong>ch <strong>1996</strong> was approx. 195<br />
Collones for one dollar (5,84 DKK).<br />
The practical arrangements were made through Birding <strong>Costa</strong> <strong>Rica</strong>, Apartado 7911, 1000 <strong>Costa</strong><br />
<strong>Rica</strong>. The company did a great job and everything was carefully planned by the manager Simon<br />
Ellis.<br />
The company also provide us with a local birdwatcher Julio E. Sánchez, who was a great person<br />
and he knew every bird voice in the country. Julio is also the president of the Asociacion<br />
Ornitológica de <strong>Costa</strong> <strong>Rica</strong>.<br />
The extensive field notes of Tim Andersen, Stig K. Rasmussen and Jesper Meedom are the<br />
foundation of this report.<br />
The report contains the following:<br />
1. Summary of the journey (page 3).<br />
2. A map of <strong>Costa</strong> <strong>Rica</strong>. (Page 6).<br />
2. A personal diary for the first two weeks (page 7).<br />
3. Description of localities visited on the extension week (page 17).<br />
4. List of birds (page 19).<br />
5. List of mammals (page 53).<br />
2
I wish to thank the following persons for their assistance in writing this report: Stig K.<br />
Rasmussen (initial field notes) and Jesper Meedom (field notes and author of the diary).<br />
Finally, it should not be forgotten that the whole trip was characterised by good fellowship and<br />
pleasant being together. Again it is a pleasure to look back on a successful DOF tour!<br />
Birkerød d. 15th of June 1997.<br />
Erik Mølgaard<br />
Lyngborghave 6, 1 tv,<br />
3460 Birkerød<br />
Denmark<br />
E-mail: moel@post4.tele.dk<br />
3
SUMMARY OF THE JOURNEY.<br />
24.03.<strong>1996</strong> -07.10 Copenhagen.<br />
08.15-11.15 Amsterdam (Schiphol Airport).<br />
16.20-11.15 Tocuman Panama Aeropuerto.<br />
17.20- San José (Hotel Ambassador).<br />
25.03.<strong>1996</strong> -05.20 San José.<br />
05.40-13.00 Braulio Carrillo National Park.<br />
14.15-14.55 San José.<br />
17.05-18.00 Tárcoles River.<br />
18.05- Carara Biological Reserve (Hotel Villa Lapaz).<br />
26.03.<strong>1996</strong> All day Carara Biological Reserve Area.<br />
06.20-07.05 Tárcoles River.<br />
07.10-12.20 Virginia trail.<br />
12.20-12.55 Tárcoles River.<br />
13.05-15.40 Pigres.<br />
15.50-18.00 Trail behind Villa Lapaz.<br />
20.00-21.15 Around in the area for Owls.<br />
27.03.<strong>1996</strong> -13.05 Carara Biological Reserve Area.<br />
05.40-07.45 Virginia trail.<br />
07.50-08.30 Tárcoles River.<br />
08.35-10.50 Trail behind ranger station.<br />
10.55-11.35 Villa Lapaz.<br />
11.45-13.05 Tárcoles River.<br />
13.40-14.15 Puerto Caldera.<br />
16.45- Hacienda Solimar.<br />
28.03.<strong>1996</strong> All day Hacienda Solimar.<br />
29.03.<strong>1996</strong> All day Hacienda Solimar.<br />
30.03.<strong>1996</strong> -13.00 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
15.20- Monteverde (Hotel de Montana).<br />
31.03.<strong>1996</strong> -05.30 Monteverde.<br />
06.15-11.45 Santa Elena Forest Reserve.<br />
12.30-14.20 Monteverde.<br />
14.45-17.25 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve.<br />
17.40- Monteverde (Hotel de Montana).<br />
01.04.<strong>1996</strong> -05.40 Monteverde.<br />
06.00-16.10 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve.<br />
16.40- Monteverde (Hotel de Montana).<br />
02.04.<strong>1996</strong> -05.50 Monteverde.<br />
08.05-08.40 Tilaran.<br />
12.05-13.15 Fortuna.<br />
4
15.30- Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge).<br />
03.04.<strong>1996</strong> -14.10 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge).<br />
14.40-16.25 La Gavilan Lodge.<br />
17.00- Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge).<br />
04.04.<strong>1996</strong> -05.30 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge).<br />
05.50-17.20 La Selva (Estacion Biologica La Selva).<br />
17.45- Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge).<br />
05.04.<strong>1996</strong> -05.40 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge).<br />
06.00-17.00 La Selva (Estacion Biologica La Selva).<br />
17.15- Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge).<br />
06.04.<strong>1996</strong> -05.55 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge).<br />
06.50-11.55 Virgin del Socorro.<br />
12.15-13.20 Chinchona.<br />
13.30-13.40 Rio Lapaz.<br />
14.55-15.35 San Joaquin (San José).<br />
15.50- San José (Hotel Ambassador).<br />
07.04.<strong>1996</strong> -04.55 San José.<br />
05.55-06.10 Tapanti.<br />
06.10-12.50 Tapanti N.P. (Reserva de Vida Silvestre Tapanti).<br />
13.50-14.20 Cartago.<br />
14.40- San José (Hotel Ambassador).<br />
08.04.<strong>1996</strong> -08.40 San José.<br />
09.35- Corcovado (Corcovado Tented Camp).<br />
09.04.<strong>1996</strong> All day Corcovado (Corcovado Tented Camp).<br />
10.04.<strong>1996</strong> -09.50 Corcovado (Corcovada Tented Camp).<br />
10.00- Tiskita (Tiskita Lodge).<br />
11.04.<strong>1996</strong> All day Tiskita (Tiskita Lodge).<br />
12.04.<strong>1996</strong> All day Tiskita (Tiskita Lodge).<br />
13.04.<strong>1996</strong> -07.15 Tiskita (Tiskita Lodge).<br />
08.15-09.15 San José.<br />
10.15- Cerro de la Muerte area.<br />
11.30-14.00 Tapanti Albergue de Montana Lodge.<br />
15.35-16.45 Cerro de la Muerte Pass.<br />
17.00-18.15 Villa Mills.<br />
14.04.<strong>1996</strong> -15.10 Cerro de la Muerte area.<br />
-06.45 Tapanti Albergue de Montana Lodge.<br />
07.05-08.50 Reserva Forestas Los Santos.<br />
10.55-13.35 Savegra Lodge, San Gerardo.<br />
15.15-15.40 Cartago.<br />
16.00-19.45 San José.<br />
5
21.40-22.50 Tocuman Panama Aeropuerto.<br />
15.04.<strong>1996</strong> 15.40-18.55 Amsterdam (Schiphol Airport).<br />
20.00- Copenhagen.<br />
6
A personal diary for the first two weeks.<br />
<strong>Mar</strong>ch 24st<br />
In the afternoon we assembled in San José, the capital of <strong>Costa</strong> <strong>Rica</strong>, where we stayed for<br />
the night. Most of the group came with the KLM flight from Copenhagen via Amsterdam<br />
and Panama. Two had arrived before and spent some days in the mountains of Cerro de la<br />
Muerte looking at Silvery-throated Jay and other birds from the timberline area, and the<br />
senior member of our group ahd been tumbing around for a week in the dry and deserted<br />
northern part of the country staying in a tent on lonely campsites in the national parks. In<br />
the confusion of the transfer a bag was stolen containing camera, binoculars and birding<br />
taperecorder, and the owner - who used to think that such things only could happen to<br />
careless people - had to accept the injury.<br />
<strong>Mar</strong>ch 25th<br />
In the morning we visited Braulio Carillo National Park. The park is created recently when a<br />
road was built from San José to Limón opening up a previously inaccessible forested valley<br />
on the very rainy caribbean slope, and the land was turned into a reserve. The road down<br />
to Limón is the only access to the park, that is reached after one-an-a-half hours driving<br />
from San José. A few tracks are made into this upper tropical rainforest wilderness where<br />
many good birds occur and we had only this one morning to find them. Unfortunately, there<br />
has recently been armed attacks on visitors on the upper trails, and we were<br />
recommended to stay away from these. We started at sunrise somewhere at the roadside<br />
with splendid views over forested slopes with ragged grey clouds drifting in, where a pair of<br />
Blue-and-Gold Tanager was building a nest. Then we continued to the ranger station<br />
where there is a good trail for birdwatching, but we were turned away as the park is closed<br />
to visitors on mondays. We continued to a butterfly farm below the reserve proper where a<br />
trail beyond the control of the rangers lead into the forest. The morning's walk gave a fine<br />
male of Lattice-tailed Trogon and a pair of Dull-mantled Antbird in the forest floor. As we<br />
returned to the butterfly farm for our packed lunch, a northbound migration of flocks of<br />
Broadwinged Hawks accompanied by a few of the larger Swainson's Hawks passed above<br />
us. Mixed species flocks passed by us with Emerald Tananger, Black-and-yellow Tanager<br />
and Ashy-throated Bush-tanager. As it soon started raining we left.<br />
Our guide Julio Sanchez had been with us form this morning on and had proven<br />
outstanding. He was a skilled and experienced birder in the field, he had a deep scientific<br />
knowledge of the birds and their environment, and he was a very kind person with a fine<br />
sense of humour. He had a remarkable skill of imitating the voices of the birds. Almost any<br />
whistle and many other kinds of calls he could reproduce to make the bird answer and<br />
come in. We had a minibus with us on the journey driven by Santiago who had a long<br />
experience of driving for birding groups and quite a keen birder himself. He had a -<br />
sometimes usefull and sometimes irritating - habit of spotting rare birds by the bus when<br />
we were out in the areas. Above the rain in the drier valleys near San José, Julio took us<br />
for a walk in the countryside in a landscape of natural grass and brambles, the grassland<br />
being habitat of Sedge Wren and the brambels being habitats of White-throated<br />
Flycatcher. Both are rare species in <strong>Costa</strong> <strong>Rica</strong>, that Julio had researched in and knew<br />
where to find.<br />
We drove across the country in the afternoon from the lush rainforest to the dry pacific<br />
slope. A landscape of wasteland, a few cows, acacia trees remaining in sheltered places,<br />
a bushfire by the road. Towards evening we arrived at Carara where we stopped at the<br />
bridge over Rio Tarcoles. The river is with reedbeds and sand banks with sleeping<br />
Crocodiles. This is the place to watch the evening migration of Scarlet Macaw coming for<br />
their nights roost after having spread out in the area during the day. Soon they started<br />
passing by in pairs or flocks consisting of pairs, with raucous calls and fine colours glowing<br />
in the light of the setting sun. As the last ones came as silhouttes aginst the sky we had<br />
counted fifty.<br />
8
<strong>Mar</strong>ch 26th<br />
In Carara we stayed at the hotel Villa Labas nicely situated by a small stream with views to<br />
forest and many birds coming in to sit in the tall trees of the garden in the morning. As the<br />
hotel kitchen is not very good we had all our meals at the fine restaurant by the bridge<br />
while we stayed at Carara.<br />
Carara is a forest in the transitional zone between the dry northwestern and the humid<br />
southeastern part of the pacific coast. The trees are mixed evergreen and deciduous and<br />
at our visit at the end of the dry season many trees were without leaves and dead leaves<br />
littered the forest floor. Birds were singing and active in nest building and the first nest we<br />
came across was that of the Royal Flycatcher, an odd, two meters long woven pendant<br />
structure hanging above a puddle on the trail. Birds are rather easy to see in dry forests,<br />
and we had a good morning with things like a Ruddy Quail-dove walking quietly for a long<br />
time just beside the trail, the Northern Bentbill, a hard to spot bird with a characteristic<br />
nasal call from vines and tangles in the canopy, and a lek of Orange-throated Manakin a<br />
species making cracking sounds with their feathers. We ended up by a small stream<br />
where tiny fishes abounded in the remaining water and a Pigmy Kingfisher had an easy<br />
meal.<br />
In the hot afternoon we tried the coast at the lagoon by the mouth of Rio Tarcoles. A<br />
landscape of tidal mudflats, a few mangroves nearby and more at the other side of the<br />
estuary. We saw a variety of different shorebirds. As the reserve close at four in the<br />
afternoon we didn't find it worthwhile to go there again. Instead, we took a walk up the<br />
stream by the hotel where a trail started from the end of the garden. The stream run in a<br />
bed of boulders. Brown basilisks ran away as we approached running on their hindlegs<br />
over rocks and on the water surface, which has earned them their nickname of Jesus<br />
Christ Lizard. We saw Fiery-billed Araçari by the hotel and found a place by the river<br />
where some passerines such as Kentucky Warbler came down for a bath. After dinner we<br />
went out for owling. We were taken a long drive in the area stopping at intervals to imitate<br />
calls and listen for voices that weren't heard. Near the hotel we spotlighted a Central<br />
American Wooly Opossum running on a wire across the road. Probably owling should<br />
instead be tried just after sunset, as we heard Ferrugineous Pigmy-owl this evening by the<br />
hotel, and a Mottled Owl called there at the same time yesterday. The area is known to<br />
hold Striped Owl.<br />
<strong>Mar</strong>ch 27th<br />
This morning we tried the same trail as yesterday as we couldn't obtain a permission to<br />
enter the trail by the ranger station before normal opening hours at eight. These<br />
bureaucratic eight-to-four schedules of some reserves in <strong>Costa</strong> <strong>Rica</strong> is an annoyance to<br />
visitors as mornings and evenings are the most interesting and most pleasant times of the<br />
day. The birds were totally different from yesterday. In a group of palm trees, the noises<br />
and calls suggested that a few Macaws were feeding. We couldn't spot them until they fly<br />
out, a surprise of eighteen Scarlet Macaws in an explosion of red, yellow and blue. We had<br />
Crested Guan and Baird's Trogon, we saw the Royal Flycather sitting motionless in the<br />
shades in the understory, and we had a Tamandua working around in the tangles at close<br />
range. Afterwards we tried the trail by the ranger station. Here, the forest was much closer<br />
and birds were difficult to see. At least we didn't see much.<br />
After lunch we drove north. By the coast we stopped at the mouth of Rio Barranca. On the<br />
inner side there was a lagoon with sandy flats and many gulls and a few terns. We found<br />
two Franklin's Gull in the flocks. On the coastal side a trawler was hauling the catch on<br />
board with a fleet of pelicans swimming close behind and flocks of frigatebirds landing on<br />
the vessel.<br />
As we went on pass Trinidad, through Arizona, across Congo River and towards Liberia,<br />
the landscape became dryer, the air hotter, and as we turned away from the main road,<br />
the road became poorer. We arrived at the road to Hacianda Solimar in the afternoon. In<br />
9
the dry countryside most trees were without leaves, and some were flowering the entire<br />
crown being intensely yellow or pink. Two Double-striped Thick-knee rested in the shadow<br />
of a tree. In the hedgerow trees the Orange-fronted Parakeets had their nest, now and<br />
then we had the superb Turquise-browed Motmots sitting by the road, and as we arrived at<br />
the hacienda, Yellow-naped Parrot were flying out. In the night Pacific Screech-owl were<br />
calling all over.<br />
<strong>Mar</strong>ch 28th<br />
Hacienda Solimar is a private estate that has imposed some nature conservation<br />
measures on the area and has specialized in visiting birdwatchers. We had the place for<br />
ourselves during our stay and as they know birdwatchers and their needs we had no<br />
problems with early breakfast. The hacienda produce cattle of a pure indian Brahman<br />
stock that were white and gentle with long hanging ears. According to diplomas in the<br />
rooms they seemed to win a lot of prices at cattle shows. The area holds most dry-country<br />
bird species of the northwest, and the wetlands attract herons and other waterbirds.<br />
Otherwise, the nearby nature reserve Palo Verde should have more or less the same<br />
species, perhaps with waterbirds being more common and some of the dry bush specials<br />
being scarcer. Hacienda Solimar has rooms in the main buliding and an annex - a capacity<br />
for a group of the size of ours. The boarding-house style meals are served in the small<br />
dining room in dishes from which ou can help yourself, and the narrow passing and edging<br />
between the tables gave ample opportunity to trip up the jutting out legs of the tables and<br />
knock over the brimming glasses standing upon them. Here as everywhere else in <strong>Costa</strong><br />
<strong>Rica</strong> everyone had salad and fish and icecream and noone got sick. I believe we also<br />
drank tap-water most places. Black beans is a special feature of costarican meals and<br />
were served with breakfast, lunch and dinner most places we went. The wash basin in our<br />
bathroom fell down from the wall one morning, and water splashed out through the space<br />
between the floor boards and into the beds of the room below. Scorpions were around -<br />
sometimes in the towels. The garden had a lot of birds as they were fed and as water was<br />
supplied for their drinking and bathing in an otherwise dry area. Many iguanas kept around<br />
the hacienda and gathered around the kitchen about feeding time to have scraps. As the<br />
climate was very hot we had long siestas at the hacienda in the middle of the day, where<br />
we could sit in the shade, watch the birds pass by in the garden and methodically empty<br />
their stock of soft drinks brand by brand.<br />
This morning we left the hacienda to go to the coast for the mangroves. The place is<br />
where Rio Bebedero debouch into Golfo de Nicoya where the river seemingly break up in<br />
different arms bordered by mangroves in the tidal zone. The mangroves stands some<br />
seven meters tall with straight stems, a high canopy and a long view in between the stems.<br />
The bottom was of mud, slippery but not soft with many crab-holes in but few crabs to see.<br />
The white aerial roots of the mangroves stand out in long archs. At first we could walk<br />
between them but deeper inside the forest the trees stood closer and all the roots were<br />
intersected in a tangled mess that should be climbed and the walk was difficult. The<br />
mangrove forest is a very uniform habitat, and it seemed that a few but very common bird<br />
species could live here. All responded very well to the imitation of the call of Ferrugineous<br />
Pigmy-owl that Julio whistled all the time and he got a flock of scolding passerines<br />
following him whereever he went. We found two resting Missisippi Kite, that we could<br />
approach closely - a scarce passage migrant. We looked out in vain for Mangrove<br />
Hummingbird that is one of only tree endemics to <strong>Costa</strong> <strong>Rica</strong> and classified as a<br />
vulnerable species. As there are no flowers to see in the mangroves hummingbirds should<br />
be rare and it is actually a species mostly seen in edge habitats. Driving home we stopped<br />
at a hedgerow on the Solimar estate. Julio pointed out a hole in a trunk, that was<br />
supposed to hold an owls nest, and started scratching the trunk with a stone as to imitate a<br />
predator climbing the tree which supposedly should make the owl come out. Nothing<br />
happened and we wondered whether the trick had been applied too often, as someone<br />
looked up in the tree instead of just staring at the hole and discovered the owls. They had<br />
10
fledged, Pacific Screech-owl, an adult and two youngs sitting together watching us, the<br />
younger still very downy, the older almost full-feathered.<br />
In the afternoon we went for the wetlands. The general landscape is dry bushes and<br />
withered grass. The bushes all have thorns, some of them hollow to allow ants to live in<br />
them, so that they can be even more stinging. The wetlands seemed to be a chain of<br />
connected lakes, that could be reached by small trails through the bushes. Herons of<br />
different species, Limpkins and Darters sat in the bushes or stood on the shores, and flew<br />
out when we approached a new lake. At one place there were nests of American Woodstork<br />
and Roseate Spoonbill. We passed by a pond with juvenile Black-crowned<br />
Nightheron standing in the duckweed on the lake, and grunting adult ones flying out from<br />
dark bushes. Then we had the Boatbill sitting in a tree on our side of the lake and not<br />
fleeing like all the other herons at that distance but simpy watching us. Night was coming<br />
on and bird- and animal sounds filled the scenery: a Collared Forest-falcon started calling,<br />
and was called it in by an imitating it's voice, the Bare-throated Tiger-heron called with a<br />
deep roar and the mantled Howler Monkeys varmed up for their concert.<br />
After dinner we went spotlighting. A Mottled Owl called once. We instead got engaged in<br />
watching the comet that looked like a large, blurred star on the sky.<br />
<strong>Mar</strong>ch 29th<br />
A long drive on the sideroads of the hacianda in the morning apparently meant for spotting<br />
birds from the minibus didn't produce anything and we continued on to the Golfo de Nicoya<br />
where we stayed by a viewpoint on the cliff. We had Mangrove Cuckoo in this habitat of<br />
rocks and bushes. The morning was more or less spent waiting for the high tide and when<br />
it was coming in we drove for our real target, the salt pans by the village Colorado, that are<br />
reached by going back to the main road. The place is situated by the coastal mangrove<br />
and consist of lakes separated by dikes where salt is extracted from the sea-water. Quite a<br />
few waders were feeding in the lakes and could be approached closely. Most species were<br />
in transition to breeding plumage and the different species and plumages could be studied<br />
and compared at close range. Among others we had a <strong>Mar</strong>bled Godwit. Out on the dikes it<br />
got very hot and the light burning down and reflected from the milky saltbasins was strong.<br />
At noon we measured temperatures about 36 degrees centigrade. We took shelter by the<br />
salt-worker's hut by the open salt-oven and the salt-seether told us he earned one dollar<br />
an hour and asked if we would like to switch job with him.<br />
After siesta we went for a gallery forest on the estate. By the stickgate thirteen Steelyvented<br />
Hummingbirds fed on a flowering tree - a pattern of many hummingbirds of just one<br />
species in a tree we had seen with som others species as well. First we were taken to a<br />
Spectacled Owl at a place where the staff at the hacianda knew they were breeding. We<br />
saw the female sitting at her days roost sleeping and opening her yellow eyes in honour of<br />
the visitors. Then we were lead away from the nesting place in order not to disturb them<br />
further. For a while we followed a dried out river bed bordered by a higher, more dense<br />
and more green forest than that of the surrounding countryside. No special birdlife was<br />
noticed in this habitat. In a shadowy bend of the riverbed a few ponds with blackish water<br />
was remaining. In this area we had family groups of Mantled Howler Monkey. Monkeys<br />
sleeping strechted along a branch with all legs hanging down. Monkeys with little youngs<br />
on their back grasping with their prehensile tail around mother's tail. Monkeys in wild jumps<br />
from tree to tree. Just before sunrise we tried a walk to some wetlands that were merely<br />
lush swampgrasses where we had a Nine-banded Armadillo moving around in the open.<br />
<strong>Mar</strong>ch 30rd<br />
This last morning we spent in the Hacienda Solimar area proper on a walking hike.<br />
Walking out in the cool and fresh morning we surprised a Tamandua on the ground that<br />
climbed the nearest tree lifting itself up by its strong forearms and taking refuge on a<br />
11
sidebrach a little up where it just sat looking helplessly down at us, water dropping from it's<br />
long nose. Then we were at the Longtailed Manakin lek. Two sounds could be heard from<br />
the thicket, a double whistle of dlu-e-dlu, and a low waaaiing. We were taken down in a<br />
quebrado walking single file in the dead leaves. First, the whistle was around us. To our<br />
surpise they sat in the canopy. The males could be spotted sitting two by two closely<br />
together apparently singing the dlu-e-dlu as a duet. Then we got on to the real display<br />
scene which is on a small horisontal branch just above ground level. From the canopy a<br />
pair of males appeared intensely coloured in red, blue and black, the tails longer than the<br />
bird in two bended wires behind. First they sat on the branch beside each other and took<br />
turns by hopping. Then they started jumping over each other, the one jumping, the other<br />
one taking it's place by sidewards quick-stepping, the small orange legs working in high<br />
speed. Round and round they cycled in a wheel while calling the waaaiing call a sound<br />
suiting for their mechanical toy appearance. When the green females visited the dancing<br />
branch the display turned wilder with even higher speed of the cycles. Now and then the<br />
males left the branch but kept coming back. Several dancing-pairs were active in the area<br />
according to the calls. The landscape around us looked like old pastures recently turned<br />
into nature. The road we had walked by was an old motorroad on the estate, larger trees<br />
only appeared as the old hedgerows or single shadowtrees, and the general forest was<br />
young trees growing up.<br />
After lunch we drove the short distance up to Monteverde where we checked in at our<br />
hotel, the Hotel de Montaña Monteverde. The hotel was a nice with hummingbird feeders,<br />
Blue-crowned Motmot in the garden, a little private forest with many White-eared Groundsparrows,<br />
and a lake with a cute Muscovy Duck that could be tickled under the chin.<br />
Swallow-tailed Kites twisted and turned in the cool montane air. From the rooms we had<br />
the splendid view down on the blue Golfo de Nicoya, the mountains on the peninsula<br />
behind and the fryingpan we just came up from lying stretched out beneath us. The short<br />
distance between the dry acacia scrub and the wet mistbelt forest is amazing. Maybe the<br />
fact that you can actually see the dry plains from here helped the quakers that aquired this<br />
area to understand that they should protect the mistbelt forests of the watershed of<br />
Monteverde to preserve their farming further down the slope. Now, the cloud forest is a<br />
famous attraction, many people travelling to watch nature come here, and more reserves<br />
are bought and set up in connection with the original Monteverde Cloud Forest forming<br />
larger wildlife refuges. <strong>Costa</strong> <strong>Rica</strong> has preserved an impressive part of the country as<br />
national parks and new areas are still added often as part of a sceme of creating corridors<br />
between existing reserves.<br />
<strong>Mar</strong>ch 31st<br />
We started at the Santa Elena Forest Reserve, a new reserve bought in 1977 and turned<br />
from fields back to forest. We started out at sunrise from our hotel and as we passed the<br />
watershed towards the caribbean slope we drove from sunshine to darkness and light rain.<br />
The forest was very wet with the many young, slim stems covered with a thick layer of<br />
moss, and few older trees that had probably been shadowtrees in the fields and before<br />
that rainforest trees. A long walk on the trails in the reserve gave a lot of birds, among<br />
them a group of the funny Prong-billed Barbet eating fruits from a bush and disgorging the<br />
stones, and a Streak-breasted Tree-hunter singing from a low perch in front of it's nesting<br />
hole in a cliff.<br />
By noon we were back at the edge of the forest. Inside the forest we had heard the<br />
metallic call of the Tree-wattled Bellbird a few times muffled by the wet foliage. Out here in<br />
the open it was heard clearly and soon we also spotted the bird at it's perch in a dead<br />
emergent crown above the canopy in a part if the forest we could look down upon from the<br />
road. The telescopes were set up and we could enjoy the full view of this fine species<br />
throwing its bill open, bonk-bonk!, the tree wattles swinging. Then the Quetzal appeared!<br />
We had about eight different birds in the area from the reserve entrance and a little down<br />
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the road in a landscape of grassy fields, scattered large rainforest trees covered with<br />
mosses and bromeliads, and the edges of the forest. At one place they seemed to eat<br />
black berries in some bushes where black Guans also were feeding. The Quetzals flew<br />
across the road, the males with their long trains wawing behind them. We also found a<br />
small group sitting out in a solitary tree, a superb old male, a younger male and a female,<br />
the glistening green colours shining in the sun that had just broken through.<br />
In the afternoon we visited the "Hummingbird Gallery" by the Monteverde Cloud Forest<br />
Reserve. It is a small garden where hummingbirds are fed with sugar-water in feeders<br />
looking like UFOs with drinking holes on top. There were only a few feeders, but many<br />
hummingbirds and constant, aggressive and stressing activity. In the shadowy lower part<br />
of the garden the large Violet Sabrewings owned everything and spent much more time<br />
chasing each other away than by feeding. Up at the terrace the smaller species were<br />
feeding, at times in pursuit of each other, at times drinking five species or seven birds<br />
together at one feeder and the next moment dispersing in all directions chasing each<br />
other. Magenta-throated Woodstar, one of the small species, had a wing-beat frequency<br />
much above even normal hummingbird standards, buzzed like an insect over the feeders<br />
holding their tails in an upright position to keep the balance. We dubbed it "the shrimp" as<br />
it looked more like an aquatic creature in the water than like a bird in the air. Seen in just<br />
the right angle, the little black spot on the chin of the males flashed up in bright magenta.<br />
The Coppery-headed Emerald was among them, small even for a hummingbird, is an<br />
endemic to <strong>Costa</strong> <strong>Rica</strong> distributed in a narrow zone centered on these mountains. A<br />
stange and somewhat artificial way way to watch birds, going so close that every feather<br />
can be regarded, or looking from underneath up at the tounges of the drinking birds<br />
coming down in the water....<br />
<strong>Apr</strong>il 1st<br />
As we had already seen the finest birds of the forest, our visit at the Monteverde Cloudforest<br />
Reserve proper couldn't keep up with yesterday. A walk outside the reserve before it<br />
opened gave Grey-throated Leaf-tosser. We took the walk "el Camino" up to the<br />
watershed of the continental divide. There, the influence of the ridge on the weather was<br />
illustrative with low clouds coming in and the forest looking windswept. We went back<br />
along the "Sendero Bosque Nuboso", a narrow trail on the slope through montane forest<br />
with tree ferns . We met a group of four males of Resplendent Quetzal passing through the<br />
crowns, mewing and whistling, the curled heads and sweeping trains matching with the<br />
lush moss and lianas.<br />
<strong>Apr</strong>il 2nd<br />
Today was a day of travel as the drive to Selva Verde was long and the roads poor. We<br />
took the back road along the Lago de Arenál. The first part up to Tilaran was really bad<br />
and our minibus could go with some 20 kilometers pr. hour. We were almost alone on the<br />
road through this sparsely inhabited land laid out for the grazing of far between cows, we<br />
only met the milkman collecting milk cans from the roadside and a few mounted<br />
horsemen. From then we followed the road around the Lago de Arenál, the largest lake in<br />
the country and not much good for birds and birdwatching. Almost every other of the fine<br />
houses were for sale - more often advertized in english than in spanish. One of us had<br />
forgotten to leave the key at the hotel and the costa rican way to deal with this was to stop<br />
every tourist bus going in the opposite direction and ask whether they were going to<br />
Monteverde and if they would like to do us a favour. It worked. Six hours drive brought us<br />
to the end of the lake 20 kilometers from Monteverde as the crow flies. Then we passed by<br />
the Volcan Arenál. Unfortunately the cone of the volcano was covered in clouds but on the<br />
slopes the fresh and smoking lava could be seen. Until thirty years ago an ordinary<br />
mountain that suddenly exploded and became a volcano and have been in almost constant<br />
eruption since. The thundering roars of the volcano could easily be heard at Monteverde.<br />
The remaining drive to Selva Verde was on good road through plantations of<br />
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oilpalms, pineapples and pot plants. The country may not be rich but is comparatively well<br />
off and it has a welfare state and a distribution of the wealth that is remarkable by latin<br />
american standards. Good houses in the countryside and street lamps in villages seemed<br />
to have priority to impressive avenues in the capital or well-kept highways. The<br />
newspapers told a story of a peacefull society with not much happening. Headlines about<br />
economy as in newspapers at home. To birdwatchers a news was that the entrace fee to<br />
national parks were lovered from 16$ to 6$, a more reasonable or realistic level to pay for<br />
a walk in the forest. People seem friendly and easy-going and uniforms don't form part of<br />
he picture - be it policemen or nuns - and there isn't any military at all.<br />
<strong>Apr</strong>il 3rd<br />
Selva Verde Lodge is situated at a bend in Rio Sarapiquí. It is a rather large establishment<br />
laid out on the peninsula. The rooms are situated four by four in huts connected by long,<br />
covered and raised boardwalks. The boardwalks are convenient in a wet climate as we<br />
experinced last night when we could walk back to the rooms in shelter in the heavy rain.<br />
Between the huts is a lush garden with heliconias and other gaudy red flowers and many<br />
large forest trees. Birds and animals are fed with entire bunches of bananas. The view of<br />
the Rio Sarapiquí is beautiful, the river rushing in a bed of white stones and stony islets<br />
with a patch of primary lowland rainforest on the other side. Different species of Toucans<br />
sat in the high trees by evening. A pair of Sunbitten lived by the river and could be seen<br />
walking on the stony shore in the morning. A little downstream Sarapiquí by the road we<br />
observed Snowy Cotinga in the high forest trees and Fasciated Tiger-heron on an island in<br />
the river. A pair of Bat Falcon came out to chase insects by sunset. Rainforest birds as<br />
Semiplumbeous Hawk and Barred Woodcreeper was met with in the garden. Whitecollared<br />
Manakins had leks here and there in the area. The feeding sites attracted Agoutis<br />
and Olive-backed Euphonia. In the garden the small and glaringly colured poisonous arrow<br />
frogs could be found. Across the road there is a decaying botanical garden being turned<br />
into an annex of the hotel where Black-and-white Owl is sometimes seen after sunset by<br />
birdwatchers luckier (or quieter?) than us. A special attraction of Selva Verde Lodge is that<br />
it is now regarded the best place in <strong>Costa</strong> <strong>Rica</strong> to see the Great Green Macaw flying by in<br />
the morning or in the late afternoon. We didn't have that luck. Many tourist groups,<br />
predominantly Americans, come here to stay for a night or two to take a look at the<br />
rainforest, drink de-caffeinated coffee and maybe having the life scared out of themselves<br />
by observing snake-like things in the garden. The place is nice and orderly and has it's<br />
rules, the more annoying is that dinner is served betweeen six and seven in a large dining<br />
room with a noise as Central Station. It was nicer at five in the morning when we had it for<br />
ourselves. The reason for our stay here rather than in la Selva station proper was our<br />
<strong>Costa</strong> <strong>Rica</strong>n agency's concern that we should stay in luxurious environments.<br />
This morning we explored the lodge area between the showers until we got rained home.<br />
In the afternoon we visited another lodge area, el Gavilán, further down Sarapiquí by the<br />
village Puerto Viejo. The place is a good site for Green Ibis, which is rare in <strong>Costa</strong> <strong>Rica</strong>.<br />
The village Puerto Viejo had two pharmacies selling also candy and toys, everywhere<br />
laundry was hanged for drying on the barbed wire, and people promenated on the road in<br />
their finest clothes as it was Easter, or they sat on their verandas watching others walk by.<br />
As we tried the areas near la Selva we got rained home once again and ended up in the<br />
hammocks by the room looking out at the quiet rain pouring down on the garden.<br />
<strong>Apr</strong>il 4th<br />
la Selva reserve is open at any time when you live in there, but if you come from outside it<br />
will first open at seven and to enter you have to fill in forms with name, addres, passport<br />
number and other usefull information for a walk in the forest. To pass time until opening<br />
hour we went birdwatching at the grassland and forest edge landscape outside the reserve<br />
together with Paco, a serious and qualified guy, who were our local guide on the visits in<br />
the reserve. We saw a Chestnut-collared Swift, a mountain species that is a vagrant down<br />
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here, observed for the first time in la Selva and thus much rarer than a Great Green<br />
Macaw, that anyway isn't seen at la Selva this year. A suspension bridge takes yoy across<br />
Rio Puerto Viejo into the reserve. We started out at the arboledo where a swarm of army<br />
ants were around, but no special birds were present. We saw a Slate-breasted Tinamou.<br />
First it was heard approaching, then we stood quiet and waited, and slowly and carefully it<br />
came out in a rather open patch of the understory to be seen in full figure. We saw many<br />
Motmots, the two species, Broad-billed and Rufous, were seemingly always together at the<br />
same places. And we saw Brown-throted Tree-toed Sloth. It was spotted sitting crouched<br />
in a tree, and when it started crawling along a branch with carefull and slow moves we<br />
observed it had a baby lying streched out on mother's stomach, the limbs sprawling and<br />
the claws clinging in the fur, both mother and child looking down with sleepy-looking faces.<br />
Pack lunch was had in the visitors house and Paco demonstrated the trick of having cokes<br />
from an age-old slot machine, fed with dimes (exact number depending), and then made<br />
work by beating it the right places and coaxing the cokes free. In my imagination any ant<br />
army would be accompanied by swarms of rare antbirds and woodcreepers. I had so much<br />
looked forward to see army ants and ant army birds and this mornings experience was a<br />
disappointment with no special birds and even the ants looking like very ordinary ants<br />
running aimlessly and ordinarily around on the path. I decided to go for a second chance<br />
during the lunch break. Waiting another hour or so by the ants gave the same two<br />
individuals of ordinary woodcreepers that we saw in the morning. Waiting quietly in the<br />
forest also gave Great Tinamou passing closely by and a band of nine Coatimundis<br />
passing through the understory, single file, nose to behind, banded tails in the air. Now,<br />
the ant front had moved and occupied a line of fivehundred meters, most workers and<br />
some larger soldiers with broad pale heads. In one place had started forming a living ant<br />
hill clinging their bodies together to a large ball. Back at the bridge, there was Chestnutcoloured<br />
Woodpecker and Yellow-billed Cacique, and in the gardens many hummingbirds<br />
were around such as Red-footed Plumeleteer and Bronzy Hermit.<br />
la Selva is since long a famous rainforest research station where researchers and students<br />
from all over the world come to study biology and ecology of tropical rainforest. la Selva is<br />
now chained with a large area of reserves and national parks streching from the lowlands<br />
and up the slopes to Braulio Carillo making possible the yearly migrations of species like<br />
Bare-necked Umbrellabird up the slopes to the breeding places. The station is with houses<br />
for researchers, there is a visitor's house where we had lunch, and there is also a<br />
possibility for accomodation for visiting groups. We were told to be quiet as many<br />
biologists are nocturnal and sleep at day. In the forest there is a system of concrete trails<br />
where you can go on bicycle. There are signposts warning of slippery leaves on the<br />
concrete trails and suggesting to go slowly and wear a helmet. Once when we tried to call<br />
out a shy understory bird and kept quiet and it was approaching, a jogger passed by on<br />
the concrete trail and chased it away. So it is in the jungle.<br />
In the afternoon we had a walk in an area with secondary forest. Some subtle<br />
observations, a cecropia full of yellow catkins that were inspected by both Keel-billed and<br />
Chestnut-mandibled Toucan, and a tree the crown full of orange flowers and Orchard<br />
Orioles, then joined by a Northern Oriole the same orange as the flowers. Back at the<br />
suspension bridge two species of oropendola came in on their migration to the night's<br />
roost. And there, in the tall riverine trees where we could stand on the bridge and look<br />
down upon it, we had the Black Curassow. It was a fine male with curled crest that ate<br />
green berries from the trees. It moved around, too heavy for the branches with the berries<br />
and constantly getting out of balance, flickering wings and tail to regain it, while all the time<br />
seeking to go for berries outside it's reach instead of just eating the ones right in front of it.<br />
<strong>Apr</strong>il 5th<br />
We had one more day in la Selva. This morning we had permissions and could start in the<br />
forest at daybreak to hear the morning chorus. Having spent two days mostly in secondary<br />
15
and edge habitats at last we could enter the primary rainforest. However, there was hardly<br />
any morning chorus and there was far between birds we could see under conditions that<br />
allowed us to identify them. The rainforest doesn't always just reveal it's secrets. Here, the<br />
trails were planks or plain mud and took us through high forest with a rich undergrowth of<br />
different palms and with impressive wooden corkscrew lianas coming down from the<br />
canopy. Paco spotted the nest of a Purple-crowned Fairy in the canopy. Good spotting,<br />
even if the bird was building on it. Paco and Julio were excellent in spotting nests of<br />
hummingbirds or manakins. In another place it was the abandoned nest of a Barbthroat, a<br />
tiny cup of moss and roots sewed to the underside of a banana leaf by spiderweb. It<br />
started to rain and we could walk for hours in the forest hearing the rain falling in the<br />
canopy and hardly a drop filtered through down to us. We passed by some leks of Redcapped<br />
Manakins where the males sat calling. The real display only starts when a female<br />
arrives which we didn't see. It is remarkable how even such intensely coloured birds can<br />
be hard to spot when they just sit quietly in the wast forest, while anything moving attracts<br />
the attention. And small things like a falling leaf can make a tremendous noise, while a<br />
pack of larger animals passing in the forest floor can be almost quiet.<br />
Having had enough of primary rainforest for the moment we spent the afternoon in the<br />
open area along the road up to la Selva. A pair of Pink-billed Seedfinch with the enormous<br />
bill sat in the tall swampgrasses, a Merlin passed by, a Black Hawk-eagle was up soaring<br />
on it's funny butterfly-wings, another soaring eagle looked very interesting and brought<br />
about a lot of discussion, and a Laughing Falcon flew away with a fat snake in the claws.<br />
<strong>Apr</strong>il 6th<br />
We left Selva Verde early. We drove through the town Virgen, where people pilgrimate<br />
during Easter because of the miracle, that if you stare right at the sun for sufficient time<br />
you can see the image of the Virgin <strong>Mar</strong>y in the sky afterwards. We didn't try, though<br />
maybe this was the way to see a Great Green Macaw! It was a fine, cool, bright morning,<br />
the mountains clear of clouds, and we saw a Brown-throated Tree-toed Sloth in top of a<br />
Cecropia warming itself by the early morning sun. We continued up to Virgen del Socorro,<br />
a place in 750 meters above sea level in the upper Rio Sarapiquí valley where our river<br />
from Selva Verde had become wilder and narrower. Virgen del Socorro was set up a<br />
settler colony as part of a programme of giving land to landless labourers. But as the soil<br />
was poor and the settler life hard the colony was abandoned. Now, the forest on the<br />
slopes is protected and Virgen del Socorro is known as a place where some special birds<br />
restricted to a narrow altitude band can be found. The forest appeared thin probably due to<br />
the poor soil and there were traces of many landslides, large scars on the slopes, places<br />
where trees still lay fallen across the road where vehicles could pass under them. A Barred<br />
Hawk was spotted in a tree-top from where it flew out, and later we had it in display-flight<br />
high up and far away above the valley, as it suddenly folded it's wings and dropped as a<br />
bomb towards the forest below. An unidentified voice of four whistles was heard form the<br />
forest. Julio imitated it. First it answered form inside the forest and after a long<br />
conversation it finally came out - a Brown-billed Scythebill that for a brief moment sat fully<br />
exposed in front of us peeling in the bark of it's branch in confusion of the voice without the<br />
bird.<br />
The infortunate victim of the theft of the first evening lost his second pair of binoculars as<br />
they were smashed in a fall on the road in a wild run not to dip on a Dipper. He also got a<br />
wound in the head that was mended with plastic surgery on the American clinic back in<br />
San José where we conveniently ended in the afternoon.<br />
We continued along the river to a small restaurant called el Mirador with a fine view of the<br />
valley. We had our pack lunch there enjoying the hummingbirds fighting around the<br />
feeders hanging from the eaves. A Green Hermit and a Brown Violetear came in together<br />
with the more common species. The prize was a pair of Green Thorntail. They were<br />
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around all the time with insect-like wingbeats and movements, the male balancing in the<br />
air by pointing the elongated, forked tail upwards while drinking. Then they started<br />
dancing. They flew together in a dragon-fly-like pursuit, in jerks, now in full speed, now<br />
halting on the spot in the air, all the time close together and in perfect coordination of<br />
movements. Then the female perched on a wire under the eaves and the male danced in<br />
front of her in the air, humming on the spot, puffing the body up as a sphere, the feathers<br />
bristling like quills, the long tail erected 60 degrees above horisontal to balance. A very<br />
extraordinary appearance.<br />
From the forest and clouds of the valley we came up upon the central plateau to a clear<br />
sky and a landscape of endless coffee-plantations and now and then a small farmhouse<br />
where the pigs were fed with bananas. As we had been driving for hours in coffee-country<br />
by still narrower roads we finally stopped by a house in a suburb where a friend of Julio's<br />
lived, and where Prevost's Ground-sparrow is found in the neighbour's coffee field. Why a<br />
bird living in coffee-plantations is that rare in central <strong>Costa</strong> <strong>Rica</strong> is odd, but most visiting<br />
birding groups don't see it. Having gazed for a while at the scrap in the chicken yard where<br />
our sparrow didn't appear, we entered the plantation and tracked down the pretty species<br />
while the children of the village had a good stare at us.<br />
<strong>Apr</strong>il 7th<br />
We stayed in San José for the night and rose early for a visit in Tapanti. San José is an<br />
uninteresting and unattractive town. One block away from the central avenue you hardly<br />
percieve you are in a capital city, the buildings are low, the streets are poorly maintained<br />
and the place seems somewhat run down and not very clean. Poorer and richer houses<br />
alongside, cars locked behind grills in minute gardens, a chaos of wires in the air. Nearby<br />
Cartago is much different as it is cleaner, has more space and seemingly more fine<br />
buildings. Four towns 25 kilometers apart in the central valley are the four most populated<br />
towns in the country and each is a provincial capital for a seventh of <strong>Costa</strong> <strong>Rica</strong>, though<br />
they are scarcely more than suburbs to San José and economically more related to it and<br />
the central plateau than to the vast areas they govern. Outside Cartago, cage bird fowlers<br />
were out with cloth-covered cages.<br />
Tapanti is a reserve at the mountain slopes of the Cordillera de Talamanca, that is part of<br />
a network of national parks covering the entire mountain chain down to the Panama<br />
border. Many costaricans go picknicking in the reserve. Tapanti is a mountain slope forest.<br />
We started by the reserve entrance in 1150 meters above sea level where we watched the<br />
rare and elusive Sooty-faced Finch working in the thick moss of the branches. We<br />
continued up the road into the reserve, making walks and being picked up by the bus and<br />
taken a little further. In the many flowering bushes along the road we had Black-bellied<br />
Hummingbird. The morning started with a clear sky, then the clouds came in, and before<br />
noon it was raining heavily. We drove back to San José. The rainy season had thus<br />
started and the four of us departed for Denmark in the afternoon, while the rest of the<br />
group stayed another week starting with Corcovado in the far south-east.<br />
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DESCRIPTION OF LOCALITIES VISITED ON THE EXTENSION WEEK.<br />
CORCOVADO NATIONAL PARK.<br />
Corcovado is the largest of the national parks in <strong>Costa</strong> <strong>Rica</strong> and comprise 41,788 hectares of<br />
lowland rainforest situated on the south-western corner of the Peninsula de Osa. The park has been<br />
extended with 12,751 hectares on the north-western side of Golfo Dulce.<br />
Because of the vast size and remote situation the park has remained mainly unaffected by man. The<br />
park holds more than 400 species of birds, it has the largest population of Scarlet Macaw in the<br />
country, and the rare Harpy Eagle is still believed to breed in the area. Many animals otherwise<br />
endangered in <strong>Costa</strong> <strong>Rica</strong> still have important populations in the park such as Tapir, five species of<br />
cats, crocodiles, Peccaries, Giant Anteater and Sloth.<br />
The lack of paths and of places to stay for the night makes the park difficult to access, and the hilly<br />
ground makes hiking in the forest hard.<br />
We stayed two nights in Corcovado Lodge Tented Camp right on the pacific beach and just 500<br />
meters from the south-western park gate. The lodge consisted of a few large tents sharing bath and<br />
toilet. The stay was distinguished by the cozy bar and the nice restaurant that served the best and<br />
most varied meals we had on the entire journey. There is no road to the lodge and you have to walk<br />
along the beach the 12 kilometers from the village Carate. We flew from San José to Carate in three<br />
small propeller-driven airplanes.<br />
Many birds can be seen from the lodge, and from behind the camp a path leads up into undisturbed<br />
forest. The Corcovado National Park proper can be reached by a hike along the beach but<br />
unfortunately there are no good trails in the area. We accessed the park by following a river<br />
upstream into the forest where we observed several good species among them White-tipped<br />
Sicklebill.<br />
I found the stay in Corcovado Tented Camp to be one of the highlights of our journey. It can be<br />
highly recommended, maybe in combinatiion with a visit to to northern part of Corcovado.<br />
TISKITA LODGE.<br />
Tiskita is an area of 400 acres on <strong>Costa</strong> <strong>Rica</strong>'s southern Pacific coast. The lodge lies near the sea by<br />
a small patch of isolated rainforest surrounded by plantations and small farms. Along the coast there<br />
are villages and scattered houses.<br />
There is only a small area of rainforest remaining as an isolated island in a sea of farmland. This<br />
characterize the species diversity which is low as populations are not renewed from the outside.<br />
Black-cheeked Ant-tanager and Turqouise Cotinga formerly observed in Tiskita have not been<br />
recorded for many years. There is a good network of trails so that the forest can be easily explored.<br />
Around the lodge there are plantations growing several types of tropical fruits that are fine for<br />
frugivorous birds. The coast is an alternation of stony and sandy beaches.<br />
The lodge was a modified farmhouse. The huts are good with own bath and toilet though they have<br />
only cold water and some of the huts are separated from the main building by hilly ground.<br />
CERRO DE LA MUERTE.<br />
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The mountain range Cerro de la Muerte offers great highland and paramo birding and is easily<br />
visited from San José. A good highway from San José crosses the range and descends towards San<br />
Isidro. Accomodation can be found along the road that takes you through a variation of fine<br />
montane habitats. We stayed at Albergue de Montaña Tapanti, a small and cozy lodge by kilometer<br />
62. (Kilometers are stated from the toll-booth just east of San José).<br />
In the area around the lodge you will see the first highland specials such as Gray-tailed Mountaingem,<br />
Volcano Hummingbird, Hairy Woodpecker, Long-tailed Silky-flycatcher and Slaty<br />
Flowerpiercer. In the evening we saw a fine Bare-shanked Screech-owl and we heard Andean<br />
Pigmy-owl at some distance.<br />
A sideroad turns off at kilometer 80 and descends the slope towards San Gerardo. Along this road<br />
there is fine forest where Spot-crowned Woodcreeper, Flame-throated Warbler and Spangledcheeked<br />
Tanager can be observed. Savegra Lodge in San Gerardo have hummingbird feeders that<br />
attract several species, among them Purple-throated Mountain-gem, Magnificent Hummingbird and<br />
Scintillant Hummingbird. By the stream we had Torrrent Tyrannulet and Sulphur-winged Parakeet.<br />
Following the highway you will cross the paramo (kilometers 88 to 93). In this area, especially a<br />
sideroad towards some antennas to the south of the highway is fine for the highland species such as<br />
Timberline Wren, Sooty Robin, Sooty-capped Bush-tanager, Large-footed Finch and Volcano<br />
Junco.<br />
By Villa Mills (kilometer 95) there is a restaurant, la Georgina, and also a simple hotel. Some trails<br />
start from here, and in this area we had Merlin (our second on the journey, though known as rare in<br />
<strong>Costa</strong> <strong>Rica</strong>), Acorn Woodpecker and Black-and-Yellow Silky-flycatcher.<br />
19
LIST OF BIRDS RECORDED.<br />
GREAT TINAMOU (Tinamus major).<br />
2 heard Carara Biological Reserve, 4 La Selva, 2 heard Corcovado and 1 heard Tiskita.<br />
LITTLE TINAMOU (Crypturellus soui).<br />
1 heard Carara Biological Reserve and 3 heard La Selva.<br />
THICKET TINAMOU (Crypturellus cinnamomeus).<br />
2 heard Hacienda Solimar.<br />
SLATY-BREASTED TINAMOU (Crypturellus boucardi).<br />
4 La Selva.<br />
PIED-BILLED GREBE (Podilymbus podiceps).<br />
15 San José - Carara B.R.<br />
LEAST GREBE (Tachybaptus dominicus).<br />
2 Monteverde.<br />
STORM-PETREL SPECIES (Hydrobatidae species).<br />
1 Corcovado (MHN).<br />
RED-BILLED TROPICBIRD (Phaethon aethereus).<br />
1 Corcovado (MHN).<br />
BROWN PELICAN (Pelecanus occidentalis).<br />
Common along the coast, where we counted 1374 birds. Highest number recorded were 500<br />
Pigres and totally 660 at Cordovado.<br />
BROWN BOOBY (Sula leucogaster).<br />
10 Corcovado and 1 Tiskita.<br />
OLIVACEOUS (NEOTROPIC) CORMORANT (Phalacrocorax olivaceus).<br />
13 San José - Carara B.R., 75 Pigres, 46 Hacienda Solimar, 29 Tilaran - Fortuna and 2 Chilamate<br />
(Selva Verde Lodge).<br />
ANHINGA (Anhinga anhinga).<br />
25 Hacienda Solimar and 2 Tilaran - Fortuna.<br />
MAGNIFICENT FRIGATEBIRD (Fregata magnificens).<br />
Common along the coast, where we counted 311 birds. Highest number recorded were 150 Pigres,<br />
55 Cordovado and 51 Tiskita.<br />
FASCIATED TIGER-HERON (Tigrisoma fasciatum).<br />
1 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge).<br />
BARE-THROATED TIGER-HERON (Tigrisoma mexicanum).<br />
1 Carara Biological Reserve and 18 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT-HERON (Nycticorax nycticorax).<br />
48 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
20
BOAT-BILLED HERON (Cochlearius cochlearius).<br />
1 ad. Hacienda Solimar.<br />
CATTLE EGRET (Bubulcus ibis).<br />
Common, 1200 birds were counted. Highest number recorded were 500 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
GREEN-BACKED HERON (Butorides virescens).<br />
2 Tárcoles River, 3 Pigres, 1 Puerto Caldera, 8 Hacienda Solimar and 2 Chilamate (Selva Verde<br />
Lodge).<br />
Note: Sometimes regarded as a subspecies of Striated Heron (B. striatus).<br />
LITTLE BLUE HERON (Egretta caerulea).<br />
13 Pigres, 1 Tárcoles River and 7 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
TRICOLORED HERON (Egretta tricolor).<br />
2 Pigres.<br />
SNOWY EGRET (Egretta thula).<br />
2 Pigres, 1 Tárcoles River, 1 Puerto Caldera - Hacienda Solimar and 1 Chilamate (Selva Verde<br />
Lodge).<br />
GREAT (GREAT WHITE) EGRET (Egretta alba).<br />
3 Tárcoles River, 1 Carara Biological Reserve, 6 Pigres, 327 Hacienda Solimar, 1 Hacienda<br />
Solimar - Monteverde and 5 Santa Elena - Fortuna.<br />
GREAT BLUE HERON (Ardea herodias).<br />
2 Pigres, 1 Tárcoles River, 6 Hacienda Solimar and 1 Tiskita.<br />
WOOD STORK (Mycteria americana).<br />
5 Carara Biological Reserve, 2 Pigres and 85 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
GREEN IBIS (Mesembrinibis cayennensis).<br />
3 La Gavilan Lodge.<br />
(AMERICAN) WHITE IBIS (Eudocimus albus).<br />
35 Pigres, 20 Carara Biological Reserve and 16 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
ROSEATE SPOONBILL (Platalea ajaia).<br />
4 Pigres and 8 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
BLACK-BELLIED WHISTLING-DUCK (Dendrocygna autumnalis).<br />
110 Tárcoles River and 15 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
MUSCOVY DUCK (Cairina moschata).<br />
4 Hacienda Solimar and 1 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge).<br />
BLUE-WINGED TEAL (Anas discors).<br />
8 San José - Carara B.R.<br />
TURKEY VULTURE (Cathartes aura).<br />
Common, 277 birds were counted.<br />
BLACK VULTURE (Coragyps atratus).<br />
Common, 903 birds were counted.<br />
KING VULTURE (Sarcoramphus papa).<br />
21
1 Carara Biological Reserve, 5 Corcovado and 4 Tiskita.<br />
OSPREY (Pandion haliaetus).<br />
2 Pigres, 1 Puerto Caldera, 9 Hacienda Solimar, 1 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge), 1 La Gavilan<br />
Lodge and 1 Corcovado.<br />
GRAY-HEADED KITE (Leptodon cayanensis).<br />
1 heard La Selva.<br />
AMERICAN SWALLOW-TAILED KITE (Elanoides forficatus).<br />
14 Hacienda Solimar - Monteverde, 21 Monteverde/Santa Elena area, 1 Tilaran - Fortuna, 1<br />
Fortuna, 1 Chilamate - Virgin del Socorro, 4 Virgin del Socorro, 2 Corcovado, 3 Tiskita and 6<br />
Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
BLACK-SHOULDERED KITE (Elanus caeruleus).<br />
2 Puerto Caldera - Hacienda Solimar, 3 Tilaran - Fortuna, 2 Chilamate, 1 La Gavilan Lodge, 1<br />
Virgin del Socorro - San José and 1 Cerro de la Muerte - San José.<br />
Note: The New world subspecies is sometimes regarded as a full species and called White-tailed Kite (E. leucurus).<br />
SNAIL KITE (Rostrhamus sociabilis).<br />
7 ad. 4 imm. Hacienda Solimar.<br />
DOUBLE-TOOTHED KITE (Harpagus bidentatus).<br />
3 Carara Biological Reserve, 2 La Selva and 3 Tiskita.<br />
PLUMBEOUS KITE (Ictinea plumbea).<br />
1 Carara Biological Reserve and 1 La Selva.<br />
MISSISSIPPI KITE (Ictinia mississippiensis).<br />
2 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
NORTHERN HARRIER (Circus cyaneus).<br />
1 migrate Caldera - Hacienda Solimar and 1 migrate Puerto Caldera - Hacienda Solimar.<br />
SHARP-SHINNED HAWK (Accipiter striatus).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo N.P. - San José, 1 Puerto Caldera - Hacienda Solimar, 1 Monteverde and 1<br />
Virgin del Socorro.<br />
BLACK-CHESTED HAWK (Leucopternis princeps).<br />
2 Virgin del Socorro.<br />
Note: In South America the species is called Barred Hawk.<br />
SEMIPLUMBEOUS HAWK (Leucopternis semiplumbea).<br />
1 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge) and 1 La Selva.<br />
WHITE HAWK (Leucopternis albicollis).<br />
1 Virgin del Socorro, 5 Corcovado and 1 Tiskita.<br />
MANGROVE BLACK HAWK (Buteogallus subtilis).<br />
1 Carara Biological Reserve, 1 Pigres, 7 Hacienda Solimar and 2 Corcovado.<br />
Note: This species is now regarded as a full species and split from Common Black Hawk (B. anthracinus).<br />
GREAT BLACK HAWK (Buteogallus urubitinga).<br />
2 Corcovado.<br />
BAY-WINGED (HARRIS') HAWK (Parabuteo unicinctus).<br />
22
1 Puerto Caldera - Hacienda Solimar.<br />
GRAY HAWK (Buteo nitidus).<br />
3 Carara Biological Reserve, 1 Tárcoles River, 1 Carara B.R. - Puerto Caldera, 4 Hacienda<br />
Solimar, 1 Tilaran - Fortuna, 2 Fortuna, 1 Fortuna - Chilamate and 1 La Selva.<br />
ROADSIDE HAWK (Buteo magnirostris).<br />
1 Tárcoles River, 1 Puerto Caldera - Hacienda Solimar, 1 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge), 1 La<br />
Gavilan Lodge and 1 Tiskita.<br />
BROAD-WINGED HAWK (Buteo platypterus).<br />
770 migrate Braulio Carrillo N.P., 1 San José - Carara B.R., 1 Santa Elena - Monteverde, 3<br />
Tilaran - Fortuna, 4 Chilamate, 1 La Selva (Estacion Biologica La Selva), 1 Virgin del Socorro, 6<br />
Tapanti N.P. and 1 Corcovado.<br />
SHORT-TAILED HAWK (Buteo brachyurus).<br />
1 Hacienda Solimar, 1 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge), 1 La Selva, 1 Virgin del Socorro and 3<br />
Tiskita.<br />
SWAINSON'S HAWK (Buteo swainsoni).<br />
7 migrate Braulio Carrillo N.P., 1 Carara Biological Reserve and 4 migrate La Selva.<br />
RED-TAILED HAWK (Buteo jamaicensis).<br />
1 Tilaran - Fortuna and 7 Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
BLACK-AND-WHITE HAWK-EAGLE (Spizastur melanoleucus).<br />
2 Virgin del Socorro.<br />
BLACK HAWK-EAGLE (Spizaetus tyrannus).<br />
1 imm. La Selva.<br />
CRESTED CARACARA (Polyborus plancus).<br />
1 Tárcoles River, 1 Pigres, 1 Carara Biological Reserve, 1 Puerto Caldera - Hacienda Solimar and<br />
10 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
YELLOW-HEADED CARACARA (Milvago chimachima).<br />
1 Hacienda Solimar, 6 Corcovado and 2 Tiskita.<br />
LAUGHING FALCON (Herpetotheres cachinnans).<br />
4 Hacienda Solimar, 1 Tilaran - Fortuna and 1 heard La Selva.<br />
BARRED FOREST-FALCON (Micrastur ruficollis).<br />
1 heard Santa Elena Forest Reserve.<br />
COLLARED FOREST-FALCON (Micrastur semitorquatus).<br />
1 heard Carara Biological Reserve, 5 Hacienda Solimar and 1 imm. Cordovado.<br />
AMERICAN KESTREL (Falco sparverius).<br />
2 Braulio Carrillo N.P. - San José, 1 Hacienda Solimar and 2 Santa Elena - Tilaran.<br />
MERLIN (Falco columbarius).<br />
1 /imm La Selva and 1 Cerro de la Muerte (Villa Mills).<br />
BAT FALCON (Falco rufigularis).<br />
1 Tárcoles River, 2 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge), 1 La Selva and 1 Virgin del Socorro.<br />
23
PEREGRINE FALCON (Falco peregrinus).<br />
3 Hacienda Solimar and 1 Corcovado.<br />
GRAY-HEADED CHACHALACA (Ortalis cinereiceps).<br />
4 Carara Biological Reserve, 3 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge) and 3 La Selva.<br />
CRESTED GUAN (Penelope purpurascens).<br />
2 Carara Biological Reserve, 1 Tilaran - Fortuna, 3 La Selva and 1 heard Corcovado.<br />
BLACK GUAN (Chamaepetes unicolor).<br />
3 Santa Elena Forest Reserve, 2 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve and 1 heard Tapanti N.P.<br />
GREAT CURASSOW (Crax rubra).<br />
2 La Selva.<br />
SPOT-BELLIED BOBWHITE (Colinus leucopogon).<br />
12 Hacienda Solimar (MHN).<br />
BLACK-BREASTED WOOD-QUAIL (Odontophorus leucolaemus).<br />
2 heard Santa Elena Forest Reserve and 1 heard Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve.<br />
LIMPKIN (Aramus guarauna).<br />
11 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
GRAY-NECKED WOOD-RAIL (Aramides cajanea).<br />
1 heard Carara Biological Reserve, 2 Monteverde and 2 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge).<br />
WHITE-THROATED CRAKE (Laterallus albigularis).<br />
3 heard La Selva.<br />
PURPLE GALLINULE (Porphyrula martinica).<br />
2 Tárcoles River and 1 Tilaran - Fortuna.<br />
SUNBITTERN (Eurypyga helias).<br />
2 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge).<br />
NORTHERN JACANA (Jacana spinosa).<br />
4 San José - Carara B.R., 7 Tárcoles River, 3 Carara Biological Reserve, 2 Pigres, 14 Hacienda<br />
Solimar, 2 La Selva and 2 La Selva - Chilamate.<br />
BLACK-NECKED STILT (Himantopus himantopus).<br />
9 San José - Carara B.R., and 88 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
Note: The New World subspecies is often given species rank: Black-necked Stilt (H. mexicanus).<br />
DOUBLE-STRIPED THICK-KNEE (Burhinus bistriatus).<br />
4 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
BLACK-BELLIED PLOVER (Pluvialis squatarola).<br />
3 Pigres and 40 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
SEMIPALMATED PLOVER (Charadrius semipalmatus).<br />
45 Pigres and 8 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
WILSON'S PLOVER (Charadrius wilsonia).<br />
2 Pigres.<br />
24
MARBLED GODWIT (Limosa fedoa).<br />
1 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
WHIMBREL (Numenius phaeopus).<br />
8 Pigres, 1 Puerto Caldera, 36 Hacienda Solimar and 1 Tiskita.<br />
GREATER YELLOWLEGS (Tringa melanoleuca).<br />
1 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
LESSER YELLOWLEGS (Tringa flavipes).<br />
3 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
WILLET (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus).<br />
4 Pigres, 1 Puerto Caldera and 14 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
SPOTTED SANDPIPER (Actitis macularia).<br />
3 Tárcoles River, 1 Carara Biological Reserve, 4 Pigres, 16 Hacienda Solimar, 1 La Gavilan<br />
Lodge, 1 Tapanti, 6 Corcovado and 1 Tiskita.<br />
RUDDY TURNSTONE (Arenaria interpres).<br />
40 Pigres.<br />
SHORT-BILLED DOWITCHER (Limnodromus griseus).<br />
5 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
WESTERN SANDPIPER (Calidris mauri).<br />
80 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPER (Calidris pusilla).<br />
180 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
LEAST SANDPIPER (Calidris minutilla).<br />
15 Pigres and 10 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
STILT SANDPIPER (Calidris himantopus).<br />
3 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
SANDPIPER SPECIES (Calidris species).<br />
25 Pigres (Western/Semipalmated sandpiper) and 15 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
JAEGER SPECIES (Stercorarius pomarinus/parasiticus).<br />
1 Corcovado (TA & MHN).<br />
LAUGHING GULL (Larus atricilla).<br />
225 Pigres, 1800 Puerto Caldera, 42 Hacienda Solimar, 473 Cordovardo and 5 Tiskita.<br />
FRANKLIN'S GULL (Larus pipixcan).<br />
2 ad. Puerto Caldera and 298 migrate Corcovado.<br />
BLACK TERN (Chlidonias niger).<br />
1 Pigres and 250 Corcovado.<br />
GULL-BILLED TERN (Sterna nilotica).<br />
25
1 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
COMMON TERN (Sterna hirundo).<br />
2 migrate Corcovado (TA & MHN).<br />
BRIDLED TERN (Sterna anaethetus).<br />
1 Corcovado (LeP).<br />
ROYAL TERN (Sterna maxima).<br />
17 Puerto Caldera, 60 Hacienda Solimar and 1 migrate Corcovado.<br />
SANDWICH TERN (Sterna sandvicensis).<br />
2 Puerto Caldera, 12 Hacienda Solimar, 31 Corcovado, 2 Tiskita and 3 Tiskita - San José.<br />
ELEGANT TERN (Sterna elegans).<br />
1 migrate Corcovado (TA & MHN).<br />
BLACK SKIMMER (Rynchops niger).<br />
28 Pigres and 20 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
ROCK (DOMESTIC) PIGEON (Columba livia).<br />
150 Puerto Caldera - Hacienda Solimar, 3 Hacienda Solimar - Monteverde, 5 Tilaran, 8 San José,<br />
8 Tapanti - San José and 150 San José - Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
Note: The species is introduced to the country.<br />
SCALED PIGEON (Columba speciosa).<br />
2 La Gavilan Lodge.<br />
BAND-TAILED PIGEON (Columba fasciata).<br />
2 Hacienda Solimar - Monteverde, 1 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, 32 Tapanti N.P. and 80<br />
Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
PALE-VENTED PIGEON (Columba cayennensis).<br />
1 San José - Carara B.R., 1 Tilaran - Fortuna, 1 La Gavilan Lodge and 2 La Gavilan Lodge -<br />
Chilamate.<br />
RED-BILLED PIGEON (Columba flavirostris).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo N.P. - San José, 2 Tárcoles River, 1 Carara Biological Reserve, 33 Hacienda<br />
Solimar, 4 Monteverde area, 12 Santa Elena - Fortuna, 2 La Gavilan Lodge, 1 Virgin del Socorro,<br />
1 Tapanti N.P. and 2 Cartago.<br />
RUDDY PIGEON (Columba subvinacea).<br />
2 Santa Elena Forest Reserve and 2 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, 2 Tapanti N.P. and 3<br />
Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
SHORT-BILLED PIGEON (Columba nigrirostris).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 4 Carara Biological Reserve, 1 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge),<br />
2 La Gavilan Lodge, 5 La Selva, 3 Corcovado and 11 Tiskita.<br />
MOURNING DOVE (Zenaida macroura).<br />
1 Puerto Caldera - Hacienda Solimar (SKR & TA) and 1 Hacienda Solimar (SKR & TA).<br />
WHITE-WINGED DOVE (Zenaida asiatica).<br />
12 Puerto Caldera, 25 Puerto Caldera - Hacienda Solimar, 5 Hacienda Solimar, 8 Tilaran and 4<br />
26
Tilaran - Fortuna.<br />
COMMON GROUND-DOVE (Columbina passerina).<br />
29 Hacienda Solimar, 2 Hacienda Solimar - Monteverde, 2 Santa Elena - Tilaran and 2 Fortuna.<br />
RUDDY GROUND-DOVE (Columbina talpacoti).<br />
1 Tárcoles River, 3 Pigres, 1 Carara B.R. - Puerto Caldera, 8 Puerto Caldera - Hacienda Solimar,<br />
4 Hacienda Solimar, 17 Fortuna - Chilamate, 4 La Selva (Estacion Biologica La Selva), 2<br />
Chilamate - Virgin del Socorro, 1 Tapanti, 1 Tapanti - San José, and 5 Corcovado.<br />
INCA DOVE (Columbina inca).<br />
3 San José - Carara B.R., 1 Tárcoles River, 3 Carara Biological Reserve, 36 Hacienda Solimar, 1<br />
Tilaran and 1 San José.<br />
BLUE GROUND-DOVE (Claravis petriosa).<br />
2 Carara Biological Reserve, 2 La Selva and 1 Tiskita.<br />
WHITE-TIPPED DOVE (Leptotila verreauxi).<br />
1 San José - Carara B.R., 9 Carara Biological Reserve, 2 Pigres, 2 Tárcoles River, 6 Hacienda<br />
Solimar, 1 Santa Elena - Tilaran, 2 Virgin del Socorro, 4 San José & 3 Tiskita.<br />
GRAY-CHESTED DOVE (Leptotila cassinii).<br />
3 Carara Biological Reserve, 1 La Selva, 1 Corcovado and 3 Tiskita.<br />
BUFF-FRONTED QUAIL-DOVE (Geotrygon costaricensis).<br />
2 heard Santa Elena Forest Reserve and 2 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve.<br />
RUDDY QUAIL-DOVE (Geotrygon montana).<br />
1 Carara Biological Reserve.<br />
SCARLET MACAW (Ara macao).<br />
52 Tárcoles River/Carara Biological Reserve and 30 Corcovado.<br />
CRIMSON-FRONTED PARAKEET (Aratinga finschi).<br />
50 Chilamate and 37 Tiskita.<br />
OLIVE-THROATED PARAKEET (Aratinga nana).<br />
8 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge), 1 La Selva and 26 Chilamate - Virgin del Socorro.<br />
ORANGE-FRONTED PARAKEET (Aratinga canicularis).<br />
5 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
SULPHUR-WINGED PARAKEET (Pyrrhura hoffmanni).<br />
6 Cerro de la Muerte (San Gerardo).<br />
BARRED PARAKEET (Bolborhynchus lineola).<br />
4 Braulio Carrillo N.P. - San José and 1 Cerro de la Muerte (Reserva Forestas Los Santos).<br />
ORANGE-CHINNED PARAKEET (Brotogeris jugularis).<br />
10 Carara Biological Reserve, 27 Hacienda Solimar, 2 Tilaran, 2 Tilaran - Fortuna, 2 Chilamate ,<br />
10 La Selva (Estacion Biologica La Selva), 8 Corcovado and 41 Tiskita.<br />
RED-FRONTED PARROTLET (Touit costaricensis).<br />
2 Tapanti N.P. (LeP).<br />
Note: Sometimes this species is lumped together with Blue-fronted Parrotlet (T. dilectissima) into a megaspecies called<br />
27
Red-winged Parrotlet (T. dilectissima).<br />
BROWN-HOODED PARROT (Pionopsitta haematotis).<br />
2 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 1 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, 1 La Selva and 7 Tiskita<br />
(PEM).<br />
WHITE-CROWNED PARROT (Pionus senilis).<br />
10 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 3 Carara Biological Reserve, 9 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge),<br />
20 La Selva and 2 Tapanti N.P.<br />
WHITE-FRONTED PARROT (Amazona albifrons).<br />
29 Hacienda Solimar, 3 Monteverde and 3 Santa Elena - Tilaran.<br />
RED-LORED PARROT (Amazona autumnalis).<br />
6 Tárcoles River and 6 Carara Biological Reserve.<br />
YELLOW-NAPED PARROT (Amazona auropalliata).<br />
12 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
Note: Now considered a full species and split from the Yellow-crowned Parrot (A. ochrocephala).<br />
MEALY PARROT (Amazona farinosa).<br />
6 Carara Biological Reserve, 7 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge), 15 La Selva, 2 Chilamate - La<br />
Selva, 1 Corcovado and 4 Tiskita.<br />
MANGROVE CUCKOO (Coccyzus minor).<br />
2 Hacienda Solimar and 1 Corcovado.<br />
SQUIRREL CUCKOO (Piaya cayana).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 2 Carara Biological Reserve, 4 Hacienda Solimar, 2 Chilamate<br />
(Selva Verde Lodge), 3 La Selva and 1 Virgin del Socorro.<br />
GROOVE-BILLED ANI (Crotophaga sulcirostris).<br />
6 Tárcoles River, 144 Hacienda Solimar, 3 Hacienda Solimar - Monteverde, 1 Fortuna -<br />
Chilamate, 3 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge) and 2 La Selva.<br />
SMOOTH-BILLED ANI (Crotophaga ani).<br />
2 Corcovado (airstrip).<br />
STRIPED CUCKOO (Tapera naevia).<br />
1 heard Carara Biological Reserve and 1 heard La Selva.<br />
LESSER GROUND-CUCKOO (Morococcyx erythropygius).<br />
5 Hacienda Solimar and 2 Hacienda Solimar - Monteverde.<br />
PACIFIC SCREECH-OWL (Otus cooperi).<br />
5 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
BARE-SHANKED SCREECH-OWL (Otus clarkii).<br />
1 Cerro de la Muerte (Tapanti Albergue de Montana Lodge).<br />
SPECTACLED OWL (Pulsatrix perspicillata).<br />
1 Hacienda Solimar and 2 Tiskita (MB).<br />
ANDEAN PYGMY-OWL (Glaucidium jardinii).<br />
28
1 heard Cerro de la Muerte (LeP & MHN) (Tapanti Albergue de Montana Lodge).<br />
FERRUGINOUS PYGMY-OWL (Glaucidium brasilianum).<br />
1 Carara Biological Reserve and 1 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
MOTTLED OWL (Ciccaba virgata).<br />
1 Carara Biological Reserve and 1 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
COMMON NIGHTHAWK (Chordeiles minor).<br />
1 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
LESSER NIGHTHAWK (Chordeiles acutipennis).<br />
35 Tárcoles River, 1 Carara Biological Reserve and 7 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
COMMON PAURAQUE (Nyctidromus albicollis).<br />
1 Carara Biological Reserve, 12 Hacienda Solimar and 1 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge).<br />
CHESTNUT-COLLARED SWIFT (Cypseloides rutilus).<br />
1 La Selva.<br />
WHITE-COLLARED SWIFT (Streptoprocne zonaris).<br />
400 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 10 Hacienda Solimar, 160 Hacienda Solimar - Monteverde, 75<br />
Monteverde, 20 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, 25 Fortuna - Chilamate, 100 Chilamate (Selva<br />
Verde Lodge), 35 La Selva, 75 Virgin del Socorro, 100 Virgin del Socorro - San José, 3 Tiskita<br />
and 1 Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
VAUX'S SWIFT (Chaetura vauxi).<br />
5 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 2 Fortuna, 5 La Selva & 4 Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
BAND-RUMPED SWIFT (Chaetura spinicauda).<br />
3 Carara Biological Reserve.<br />
GRAY-RUMPED SWIFT (Chaetura cinereiventris).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 2 La Gavilan Lodge and 25 La Selva.<br />
LESSER SWALLOW-TAILED SWIFT (Panyptila cayennensis).<br />
2 Tárcoles River.<br />
WHITE-TIPPED SICKLEBILL (Eutoxeres aquila).<br />
2 Corcovado.<br />
BRONZY HERMIT (Glaucis aenea).<br />
2 La Selva, 1 Corcovado and 1 Tiskita.<br />
BAND-TAILED BARBTHROAT (Threnetes ruckeri).<br />
1 Corcovado (PEM) and 1 Tiskita.<br />
LONG-TAILED HERMIT (Phaethornis superciliosus).<br />
2 Carara Biological Reserve, 1 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge), 1 La Gavilan Lodge, 4 La Selva,<br />
7 Corcovado and 3 Tiskita.<br />
GREEN HERMIT (Phaethornis guy).<br />
3 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 1 Santa Elena Forest Reserve, 2 Monteverde Cloud Forest<br />
Reserve, 1 Virgin del Socorro - San José (Chincona) and 2 Tapanti N.P.<br />
29
LITTLE HERMIT (Phaethornis longuemareus).<br />
1 Corcovado and 1 Tiskita.<br />
SCALY-BREASTED HUMMINGBIRD (Phaeochroa cuvierii).<br />
1 Tiskita.<br />
VIOLET SABREWING (Campylopterus hemileucurus).<br />
1 Monteverde, 14 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve and 4 Virgin del Socorro - San José<br />
(Chincona).<br />
WHITE-NECKED JACOBIN (Florisuga mellivora).<br />
2 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge), 1 La Selva, 3 Corcovado and 2 Tiskita.<br />
BROWN VIOLETEAR (Colibri delphinae).<br />
1 Virgin del Socorro - San José (Chincona).<br />
GREEN VIOLETEAR (Colibri thalassinus). I alt 17.<br />
2 Monteverde, 2 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, 1 Virgin del Socorro - San José (Chincona), 2<br />
Tapanti N.P. and 10 Cerro de la Muerte (San Gerardo).<br />
GREEN-BREASTED MANGO (Anthracothorax prevostii).<br />
2 Hacienda Solimar and 2 La Selva.<br />
VIOLET-HEADED HUMMINGBIRD (Klais guimeti).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 1 La Selva and 2 Virgin del Socorro.<br />
GREEN THORNTAIL (Discosura conversii).<br />
3 Virgin del Socorro - San José (Chincona).<br />
FORK-TAILED EMERALD (Chlorostilbon canivetii).<br />
8 Hacienda Solimar, 1 Monteverde and 1 Tilaran - Fortuna.<br />
CROWNED WOODNYMPH (Thalurania colombica).<br />
2 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 2 Carara Biological Reserve, 1 Tilaran - Fortuna, 1 La Selva, 3<br />
Virgin del Socorro, 1 Corcovado and 4 Tiskita.<br />
FIERY-THROATED HUMMINGBIRD (Panterpe insignis).<br />
7 Cordillere de Talamanca.<br />
BLUE-THROATED GOLDENTAIL (Hylocharis eliciae).<br />
1 Tilaran - Fortuna, 1 La Selva, 1 Corcovado and 4 Tiskita.<br />
BERYL-CROWNED HUMMINGBIRD (Amazilia decora).<br />
2 Tiskita.<br />
Note: Sometimes considered conspecific with Blue-chested Hummingbird (A. amabilis) of Caribbean slope.<br />
BLUE-CHESTED HUMMINGBIRD (Amazilia amabilis).<br />
1 La Selva.<br />
Note: See comments for the Beryl-crowned Hummingbird.<br />
STEELY-VENTED HUMMINGBIRD (Amazilia saucerrottei).<br />
15 Hacienda Solimar, 5 Monteverde and 1 Tilaran - Fortuna.<br />
CINNAMON HUMMINGBIRD (Amazilia rutila).<br />
5 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
30
RUFOUS-TAILED HUMMINGBIRD (Amazilia tzacatl).<br />
Common, 58 birds were counted all over the country.<br />
STRIPE-TAILED HUMMINGBIRD (Eupherusa eximia).<br />
1 Monteverde and 3 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve.<br />
BLACK-BELLIED HUMMINGBIRD (Eupherusa nigriventris).<br />
1 Tapanti N.P.<br />
COPPERY-HEADED HUMMINGBIRD (Elvira cupreiceps).<br />
3 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve and 5 Virgin del Socorro - San José (Chincona).<br />
RED-FOOTED PLUMELETEER (Chalybura urochrysia).<br />
1 La Selva.<br />
WHITE-BELLIED MOUNTAIN-GEM (Lampornis hemileucus).<br />
5 Tapanti N.P.<br />
PURPLE-THROATED MOUNTAIN-GEM (Lampornis calolaema).<br />
1 Monteverde, 6 Santa Elena Forest Reserve, 22 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, 2 Tapanti<br />
N.P. and 3 Cerro de la Muerte (San Gerardo).<br />
GRAY-TAILED MOUNTAIN-GEM (Lampornis cinereicauda).<br />
6 Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
GREEN-CROWNED BRILLIANT (Heliodoxa jacula).<br />
1 Santa Elena Forest Reserve, 22 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, 10 Virgin del Socorro - San<br />
José (Chincona) and 1 Tapanti N.P.<br />
MAGNIFICENT HUMMINGBIRD (Eugenes fulgens).<br />
13 Cerro de la Muerte, whereas 9 San Gerardo.<br />
PURPLE-CROWNED FAIRY (Heliothryx barroti).<br />
2 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 2 Carara Biological Reserve, 1 Fortuna and 1 La Selva.<br />
PLAIN-CAPPED STARTHROAT (Heliomaster constantii).<br />
1 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
LONG-BILLED STARTHROAT (Heliomaster longirostris).<br />
1 Tiskita.<br />
MAGENTA-THROATED WOODSTAR (Calliphlox bryantae).<br />
2 Monteverde and 5 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve.<br />
SCINTILLANT HUMMINGBIRD (Selasphorus scintilla).<br />
6 Cerro de la Muerte (San Gerardo).<br />
VOLCANO HUMMINGBIRD (Selasphorus flammula).<br />
6 Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
RESPLENDENS QUETZAL (Pharomachrus mocinno).<br />
9 Santa Elena Forest Reserve and 11 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve.<br />
SLATY-TAILED TROGON (Trogon massena).<br />
31
7 Carara Biological Reserve, 3 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge), 8 La Selva, 1 Corcovado and 5<br />
Tiskita.<br />
LATTICE-TAILED TROGON (Trogon clathratus).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park.<br />
BAIRD'S TROGON (Trogon bairdii).<br />
1 Carara Biological Reserve and 3 Tiskita.<br />
Note: Sometimes regarded as a subspecies of White-tailed Trogon (T. viridis).<br />
BLACK-HEADED TROGON (Trogon melanocephalus).<br />
5 Carara Biological Reserve and 9 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
Note: Sometimes considered as a race of Citreoline Trogon (T. citreolus).<br />
COLLARED TROGON (Trogon collaris).<br />
2 heard Braulio Carrillo National Park, 1 Virgin del Socorro and 4 Tapanti N.P.<br />
ORANGE-BELLIED TROGON (Trogon aurantiiventris).<br />
4 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve.<br />
BLACK-THROATED TROGON (Trogon rufus).<br />
6 La Selva, 1 Corcovado and 4 Tiskita.<br />
VIOLACEOUS TROGON (Trogon violaceus).<br />
1 Hacienda Solimar, 5 La Selva and 1 Tiskita.<br />
RINGED KINGFISHER (Ceryle torquata).<br />
1 Pigres, 1 Hacienda Solimar, 1 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge) and 1 Corcovado.<br />
BELTED KINGFISHER (Ceryle alcyon).<br />
1 Pigres and 1 Tilaran - Fortuna.<br />
AMAZON KINGFISHER (Chloroceryle amazona).<br />
2 Tárcoles River, 2 Tilaran - Fortuna, 1 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge) and 1 La Selva -<br />
Chilamate.<br />
GREEN KINGFISHER (Chloroceryle americana).<br />
3 Carara Biological Reserve and 4 Corcovado.<br />
AMERICAN PYGMY KINGFISHER (Chloroceryle aenea).<br />
1 Carara Biological Reserve.<br />
BROAD-BILLED MOTMOT (Electron platyrhynchum).<br />
10 La Selva.<br />
TURQUOISE-BROWED MOTMOT (Eumomota superciliosa).<br />
2 Tárcoles River, 24 Hacienda Solimar and 2 Hacienda Solimar - Monteverde.<br />
RUFOUS MOTMOT (Baryphthengus martii).<br />
1 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge) and 5 La Selva.<br />
BLUE-CROWNED MOTMOT (Momotus momota).<br />
1 Hacienda Solimar - Monteverde, 1 Monteverde, 2 Monteverde - Monteverde C.F.R, 1<br />
Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, 1 Santa Elena - Tilaran, 1 Tapanti N.P. and 8 Tiskita.<br />
32
RUFOUS-TAILED JACAMAR (Galbula ruficauda).<br />
1 heard Carara Biological Reserve, 1 La Gavilan Lodge, 1 heard Virgin del Socorro, 1 heard<br />
Tapanti National Park and 1 Tiskita.<br />
WHITE-NECKED PUFFBIRD (Bucco macrorhynchos).<br />
1 Hacienda Solimar and 3 La Selva.<br />
PIED PUFFBIRD (Bucco tectus).<br />
1 La Selva.<br />
WHITE-WHISKERED PUFFBIRD (Malacoptila panamensis).<br />
2 Tiskita.<br />
WHITE-FRONTED NUNBIRD (Monasa morphoeus).<br />
1 heard La Selva.<br />
PRONG-BILLED BARBET (Semnornis frantzii).<br />
6 Santa Elena Forest Reserve, 3 heard Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve and 6 heard Tapanti<br />
National Park.<br />
EMERALD TOUCANET (Aulacorhynchus prasinus).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo N.P. - San José, 4 Santa Elena Forest Reserve, 1 Monteverde C.F.R. -<br />
Monteverde, 11 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve and 2 Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
COLLARED ARACARI (Pteroglossus torquatus).<br />
3 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 2 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge), 1 La Gavilan Lodge, and 12<br />
La Selva.<br />
FIERY-BILLED ARACARI (Pteroglossus frantzii).<br />
4 Carara Biological Reserve and 12 Tiskita.<br />
Note: Sometimes considered a subspecies of Collared Aracari (P. torquatus).<br />
YELLOW-EARED TOUCANET (Selenidera spectabilis).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park (TA).<br />
KEEL-BILLED TOUCAN (Ramphastos sulfuratus).<br />
1 Carara Biological Reserve, 1 Fortuna, 7 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge) and 11 La Selva.<br />
CHESTNUT-MANDIBLED TOUCAN (Ramphastos swainsonii).<br />
3 Carara Biological Reserve, 1 Fortuna, 2 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge) and 4 La Selva<br />
(Estacion Biologica La Selva), 3 Corcovado and 9 Tiskita.<br />
ACORN WOODPECKER (Melanerpes formicivorus).<br />
7 Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
GOLDEN-NAPED WOODPECKER (Melanerpes chrysauchen).<br />
1 Carara Biological Reserve, 4 Corcovado and 6 Tiskita.<br />
BLACK-CHEEKED WOODPECKER (Melanerpes pucherani).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 1 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge), 2 La Gavilan Lodge and 5 La<br />
Selva.<br />
HOFFMANN'S WOODPECKER (Melanerpes hoffmannii).<br />
1 San José - Carara B.R., 2 Carara Biological Reserve, 1 Pigres, 1 Tárcoles River, 2 Carara B.R. -<br />
Hacienda Solimar, 17 Hacienda Solimar, 1 Monteverde, 4 San José, 3 Cartago, 1 San José - Cerro<br />
de la Muerte.<br />
33
RED-CROWNED WOODPECKER (Melanerpes rubricapillus).<br />
1 Corcovado and 12 Tiskita.<br />
HAIRY WOODPECKER (Picoides villosus).<br />
1 Cerro de la Muerte (Tapanti Albergue de Montana Lodge).<br />
SMOKY-BROWN WOODPECKER (Veniliornis fumigatus).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 1 La Selva and 1 Tapanti.<br />
GOLDEN-OLIVE WOODPECKER (Piculus rubiginosus).<br />
1 heard Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve.<br />
RUFOUS-WINGED WOODPECKER (Piculus simplex).<br />
1 Corcovado.<br />
Note: Sometimes considered as a subspecies of White-throated Woodpecker (P. leucolaemus).<br />
CHESTNUT-COLORED WOODPECKER (Celeus castaneus).<br />
1 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge) and 1 La Selva.<br />
LINEATED WOODPECKER (Dryocopus lineatus).<br />
1 heard Carara Biological Reserve, 2 heard Hacienda Solimar, 1 Tilaran - Fortuna, 1 Chilamate<br />
(Selva Verde Lodge) and 1 heard Tiskita.<br />
PALE-BILLED WOODPECKER (Campephilus guatemalensis).<br />
4 Carara Biological Reserve, 1 heard Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge), 1 heard La Selva and 13<br />
Tiskita.<br />
PLAIN-BROWN WOODCREEPER (Dendrocincla fuliginosa).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park and 1 La Selva.<br />
TAWNY-WINGED WOODCREEPER (Dendrocincla anabatina).<br />
3 Tiskita.<br />
OLIVACEOUS WOODCREEPER (Sittasomus griseicapillus).<br />
4 Braulio Carrillo National Park and 4 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve.<br />
WEDGE-BILLED WOODCREEPER (Glyphorynchus spirurus).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 1 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge), 9 La Selva, 3 Tapanti N.P., 1<br />
Corcovado, 4 Tiskita and 1 Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
BARRED WOODCREEPER (Dendrocolaptes certhia).<br />
2 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge) and 2 La Selva.<br />
COCOA WOODCREEPER (Xiphorhynchus susurrans).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 5 La Selva, 3 Corcovado and 8 Tiskita.<br />
Note: The "small" Northern and Central American forms are now considered full species rank and split from Buff-throated<br />
Woodcreeper (X. guttatus).<br />
BLACK-STRIPED WOODCREEPER (Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus).<br />
2 Corcovado and 3 Tiskita.<br />
SPOTTED WOODCREEPER (Xiphorhynchus erythropygius).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park and 3 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve.<br />
STREAK-HEADED WOODCREEPER (Lepidocolaptes souleyetii).<br />
6 Carara Biological Reserve, 6 Hacienda Solimar, 1 Monteverde, 2 La Gavilan Lodge and 2 La<br />
34
Selva.<br />
SPOT-CROWNED WOODCREEPER (Lepidocolaptes affinis).<br />
2 Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
Note: The South American forms are now considered full species rank and called Montane Woodcreeper (X. lacrymiger).<br />
BROWN-BILLED SCYTHEBILL (Campylorhamphus pusillus).<br />
1 Virgin del Socorro.<br />
SLATY SPINETAIL (Synallaxis brachyura).<br />
1 La Selva.<br />
RED-FACED SPINETAIL (Cranioleuca erythrops).<br />
2 Santa Elena Forest Reserve, 4 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve and 1 Virgin del Socorro.<br />
SPOTTED BARBTAIL (Premnoplex brunnescens).<br />
2 Santa Elena Forest Reserve, 2 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve and 1 Tapanti N.P.<br />
RUDDY TREERUNNER (<strong>Mar</strong>garornis rubiginosus).<br />
2 Santa Elena Forest Reserve and 4 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve.<br />
BUFFY TUFTEDCHEEK (Pseudocolaptes lawrencii).<br />
1 Santa Elena Forest Reserve.<br />
STRIPED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (WOODHAUNTER) (Hyloctistes subulatus).<br />
1 Corcovado.<br />
LINEATED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (Syndactyla subalaris).<br />
2 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve.<br />
STREAKED-BREASTED TREEHUNTER (Thripadectes rufobrunneus).<br />
3 Santa Elena Forest Reserve, 2 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve and 1 Tapanti N.P.<br />
GRAY-THROATED LEAFTOSSER (Sclerurus albigularis).<br />
2 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve.<br />
SCALY-THROATED LEAFTOSSER (Sclerurus guatemalensis).<br />
1 Tiskita.<br />
PLAIN XENOPS (Xenops minutus).<br />
6 Carara Biological Reserve, 1 La Selva, 1 Corcovado and 8 Tiskita.<br />
GREAT ANTSHRIKE (Taraba major).<br />
2 Tilaran - Fortuna and 1 on nest La Gavilan Lodge.<br />
BARRED ANTSHRIKE (Thamnophilus doliatus).<br />
13 Carara Biological Reserve, 10 Hacienda Solimar, 2 Tilaran - Fortuna, 1 La Selva and 1 Tiskita.<br />
BLACK-HOODED ANTSHRIKE (Thamnophilus bridgesi).<br />
13 Carara Biological Reserve, 11 Corcovado and 29 Tiskita.<br />
WESTERN SLATY ANTSHRIKE (Thamnophilus atrinucha).<br />
2 La Selva.<br />
Note: Now the formerly Slaty Anshrike are split into two full species. The Western Slaty Antshrike includes the western<br />
forms (atrinucha, subcinereus and gorgonae).<br />
35
STREAK-CROWNED ANTVIREO (Dysithamnus striaticeps).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park.<br />
SLATY ANTWREN (Myrmotherula schisticolor).<br />
1 Tapanti N.P. (TA,PEM & SKR).<br />
DOTTED-WINGED ANTWREN (Microrhopias quixensis).<br />
2 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 9 Carara Biological Reserve and 4 Tiskita.<br />
DUSKY ANTBIRD (Cercomacra tyrannina).<br />
5 Carara Biological Reserve.<br />
CHESTNUT-BACKED ANTBIRD (Myrmeciza exsul).<br />
10 Carara Biological Reserve, 3 La Selva, 6 Corcovado and 41 Tiskita.<br />
DULL-MANTLED ANTBIRD (Myrmeciza laemosticta).<br />
2 Braulio Carrillo National Park.<br />
BLACK-FACED ANTTHRUSH (Formicarius analis).<br />
2 Carara Biological Reserve, 10 La Selva and 1 heard Tiskita.<br />
SILVERY-FRONTED TAPACULO (Scytalopus argentifrons).<br />
1 heard Braulio Carrillo National Park, 4 heard Santa Elena Forest Reserve, 2 heard Monteverde<br />
Cloud Forest Reserve and 1 heard Virgin del Socorro.<br />
CINNAMON BECARD (Pachyramphus cinnamomeus).<br />
2 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 1 Fortuna and 2 La Selva.<br />
WHITE-WINGED BECARD (Pachyramphus polychopterus).<br />
2 Carara Biological Reserve and 1 La Selva.<br />
ROSE-THROATED BECARD (Pachyramphus aglaiae).<br />
4 Carara Biological Reserve and 10 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
MASKED TITYRA (Tityra semifasciata).<br />
1 Carara Biological Reserve, 4 Hacienda Solimar, 3 Fortuna, 3 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge), 5<br />
La Selva, 2 Chilamate - Virgin del Socorro and 5 Tiskita.<br />
BLACK-CROWNED TITYRA (Tityra inquisitor).<br />
2 La Selva.<br />
RUFOUS PIHA (Lipaugus unirufus).<br />
3 Carara Biological Reserve, 1 heard La Selva, 5 Corcovado and 5 heard Tiskita.<br />
SNOWY COTINGA (Carpodectes nitidus).<br />
3 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge) and 6 La Selva.<br />
PURPLE-THROATED FRUITCROW (Querula purpurata).<br />
2 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge), 1 La Gavilan Lodge and 6 La Selva.<br />
THREE-WATTLED BELLBIRD (Procnias tricarunculata).<br />
3 Santa Elena Forest Reserve and 1 heard Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve.<br />
RED-CAPPED MANAKIN (Pipra mentalis).<br />
8 La Selva and 3 Tiskita.<br />
36
BLUE-CROWNED MANAKIN (Pipra coronata).<br />
3 Corcovado and 14 Tiskita.<br />
LONG-TAILED MANAKIN (Chiroxiphia linearis).<br />
16 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
ORANGE-COLLARED MANAKIN (Manacus aurantiacus).<br />
11 Carara Biological Reserve.<br />
WHITE-COLLARED MANAKIN (Manacus candei).<br />
7 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge) and 1 La Selva.<br />
GRAY-HEADED MANAKIN (Piprites griseiceps).<br />
1 La Selva (TA,EM & PEM).<br />
BLACK PHOEBE (Sayornis nigricans).<br />
2 Santa Elena - Tilaran, 1 Virgin del Socorro, 1 Tapanti and 2 Tapanti N.P.<br />
LONG-TAILED TYRANT (Colonia colonus).<br />
1 Tilaran - Fortuna and 3 La Selva.<br />
SCISSOR-TAILED FLYCATCHER (Tyrannus forficatus).<br />
7 Puerto Caldera - Hacienda Solimar and 12 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
EASTERN KINGBIRD (Tyrannus tyrannus).<br />
1 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge), 16 La Gavilan Lodge and 2 La Selva.<br />
TROPICAL KINGBIRD (Tyrannus melancholicus).<br />
Common, 187 birds were counted.<br />
PIRATIC FLYCATCHER (Legatus leucophaius).<br />
1 Tárcoles River, 2 Carara Biological Reserve, 2 Fortuna, 2 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge), 3 La<br />
Selva, 1 Corcovado and 4 Tiskita.<br />
WHITE-RINGED FLYCATCHER (Coryphotriccus albovittatus).<br />
1 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge), 1 La Gavilan Lodge and 2 La Selva.<br />
BOAT-BILLED FLYCATCHER (Megarhynchus pitangua).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 3 Carara Biological Reserve, 5 Hacienda Solimar and 1 La<br />
Selva.<br />
BRIGHT-RUMPED ATTILA (Attila spadiceus).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 1 Santa Elena Forest Reserve, 5 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge),<br />
5 La Selva, 1 Virgin del Socorro, 2 Tapanti N.P. and 3 Tiskita.<br />
SULPHUR-BELLIED FLYCATCHER (Myiodynastes luteiventris).<br />
10 Hacienda Solimar, 1 Fortuna, 1 La Selva, 3 Virgin del Socorro and 1 Tiskita.<br />
STREAKED FLYCATCHER (Myiodynastes maculatus).<br />
4 Carara Biological Reserve, 2 Hacienda Solimar and 2 Tiskita.<br />
GOLDEN-BELLIED FLYCATCHER (Myiodynastes hemicrysus).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 2 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve and 1 Virgin del Socorro.<br />
37
GRAY-CAPPED FLYCATCHER (Myiozetetes granadensis).<br />
3 Carara Biological Reserve, 1 Fortuna, 4 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge), 6 La Selva and 3<br />
Tiskita.<br />
SOCIAL FLYCATCHER (Myiozetetes similis).<br />
Common, 50 birds were counted.<br />
GREAT KISKADEE (Pitangus sulphuratus).<br />
Common, 97 birds were counted.<br />
RUFOUS MOURNER (Rhytipterna holerythra).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 4 La Selva and 2 Tapanti N.P.<br />
PANAMA FLYCATCHER (Myiarchus panamensis).<br />
7 seen in the mangrove at Hacienda Solimar.<br />
BROWN-CRESTED FLYCATCHER (Myiarchus tyrannulus).<br />
10 Hacienda Solimar and 1 Tilaran - Fortuna.<br />
GREAT CRESTED FLYCATCHER (Myiarchus crinitus).<br />
2 Carara Biological Reserve, 1 Fortuna and 4 Tiskita.<br />
DUSKY-CAPPED FLYCATCHER (Myiarchus tuberculifer).<br />
3 Carara Biological Reserve, 1 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, 2 La Gavilan Lodge, 3 La<br />
Selva, 1 Virgin del Socorro - San José, 1 Tapanti N.P., 1 Corcovado and 1 Tiskita.<br />
OLIVE-SIDED FLYCATCHER (Contopus borealis).<br />
1 La Selva.<br />
EASTERN WOOD-PEWEE (Contopus virens).<br />
3 La Selva.<br />
TROPICAL PEWEE (Contopus cinereus).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 1 Carara Biological Reserve, 1 Monteverde Cloud Forest<br />
Reserve and 1 La Selva.<br />
DARK PEWEE (Contopus lugubris).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park and 2 Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
Note: Sometimes regarded as a subspecies of Smoke-colored Pewee (C. fumigatus).<br />
YELLOW-BELLIED FLYCATCHER (Empidonax flaviventris).<br />
1 Virgin del Socorro (TA).<br />
ACADIAN FLYCATCHER (Empidonax virescens).<br />
2 Carara Biological Reserve.<br />
WHITE-THROATED FLYCATCHER (Empidonax albigularis).<br />
2 Braulio Carrillo N.P. - San José.<br />
YELLOWISH FLYCATCHER (Empidonax flavescens).<br />
3 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve and 1 Tapanti N.P.<br />
BLACK-CAPPED FLYCATCHER (Empidonax atriceps).<br />
21 Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
38
TUFTED FLYCATCHER (Mitrephanes phaeocercus).<br />
3 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, 1 Virgin del Socorro, 1 Tapanti N.P. and 2 Cerro de la<br />
Muerte.<br />
RUDDY-TAILED FLYCATCHER (Terenotriccus erythrurus).<br />
1 Tiskita.<br />
SULPHUR-RUMPED FLYCATCHER (Myiobius barbatus).<br />
2 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 2 Carara Biological Reserve and 2 Tiskita.<br />
ROYAL FLYCATCHER (Onychorhynchus coronatus).<br />
1 Carara Biological Reserve.<br />
WHITE-THROATED SPADEBILL (Platyrinchus mystaceus).<br />
3 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve.<br />
GOLDEN-CROWNED SPADEBILL (Platyrinchus coronatus).<br />
2 Corcovado and 7 Tiskita.<br />
YELLOW-OLIVE FLYCATCHER (Tolmomyias sulphurescens).<br />
4 Carara Biological Reserve, 5 Hacienda Solimar, 1 La Selva, 1 Virgin del Socorro and 1<br />
Corcovado.<br />
YELLOW-MARGINED FLYCATCHER (Tolmomyias assimilis).<br />
1 La Selva.<br />
EYE-RINGED FLATBILL (Rhynchocyclus brevirostris).<br />
2 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve and 1 Corcovado.<br />
BLACK-HEADED TODY-FLYCATCHER (Todirostrum nigriceps).<br />
1 La Selva.<br />
COMMON TODY-FLYCATCHER (Todirostrum cinereum).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 1 Tárcoles River, 3 Carara Biological Reserve, 2 Chilamate<br />
(Selva Verde Lodge), 4 La Selva, 2 Tapanti, 2 Corcovado and 1 Tiskita.<br />
SLATE-HEADED TODY-FLYCATCHER (Todirostrum sylvia).<br />
1 Carara Biological Reserve.<br />
NORTHERN BENTBILL (Oncostoma cinereigulare).<br />
3 Carara Biological Reserve.<br />
SCALE-CRESTED PYGMY-TYRANT (Lophotriccus pileatus).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 1 Virgin del Socorro and 6 Tapanti N.P.<br />
BLACK-CAPPED PYGMY-TYRANT (Myiornis atricapillus).<br />
1 La Selva.<br />
Note: Sometimes considered conspecific with cis-Andean Short-tailed Pygmy-Tyrant (M. ecaudatus).<br />
YELLOW TYRANNULET (Capsiempis flaveola).<br />
2 La Selva.<br />
TORRENT TYRANNULET (Serpophaga cinerea).<br />
2 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 1 Chilamate, 1 Virgin del Socorro and 4 Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
39
YELLOW-BELLIED ELAENIA (Elaenia flavogaster).<br />
1 Tilaran - Fortuna, 1 Fortuna, 2 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge), 1 La Selva, 1 Tapanti, 2<br />
Corcovado and 2 Tiskita.<br />
MOUNTAIN ELAENIA (Elaenia frantzii).<br />
1 Santa Elena Forest Reserve, 2 Monteverde - Monteverde C.F.R, 2 Monteverde Cloud Forest<br />
Reserve and 15 Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
GREENISH ELAENIA (Myiopagis viridicata).<br />
2 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
NORTHERN SCRUB FLYCATCHER (Sublegatus arenarum).<br />
5 seen in the mangrove at Hacienda Solimar.<br />
Note: Now considered a full species and split from the superspecies Scrub Flycatcher (S. modestus).<br />
NORTHERN BEARDLESS TYRANNULET (Camptostoma imberbe).<br />
1 Carara Biological Reserve.<br />
PALTRY TYRANNULET (Zimmerius vilissimus).<br />
1 Santa Elena Forest Reserve, 15 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, 1 Chilamate (Selva Verde<br />
Lodge), 4 La Selva, 4 Virgin del Socorro and 5 Tapanti N.P.<br />
SLATY-CAPPED FLYCATCHER (Leptopogon superciliaris).<br />
1 Tapanti N.P.<br />
OLIVE-STRIPED FLYCATCHER (Mionectes olivaceus).<br />
2 Tapanti N.P. and 1 Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
OCHRE-BELLIED FLYCATCHER (Mionectes oleagineus).<br />
1 Carara Biological Reserve, 7 La Selva and 10 Tiskita.<br />
GRAY-BREASTED MARTIN (Progne chalybea).<br />
5 Tárcoles River, 2 Carara - Pigres, 1 Hacienda Solimar, 1 Monteverde, 1 Tilaran - Fortuna, 6 La<br />
Selva - Chilamate, 1 La Selva, 6 Chilamate - Virgin del Socorro and 1 Tiskita.<br />
BARN SWALLOW (Hirundo rustica).<br />
Common, 1591 birds were counted. Highest number recorded were 150 Tárcoles River and 1150<br />
Puerto Caldera - Hacienda Solimar.<br />
SOUTHERN ROUGH-WINGED SWALLOW (Stelgidopteryx ruficollis).<br />
2 Fortuna and 5 La Selva.<br />
NORTHERN ROUGH-WINGED SWALLOW (Stelgidopteryx serripennis).<br />
2 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 25 Tárcoles River, 14 Tilaran - Fortuna, 20 Fortuna and 10 La<br />
Selva.<br />
ROUGH-WINGED SWALLOW SPECIES. (Stelgidopteryx ruficollis/serripennis).<br />
109 unidentified birds were recorded.<br />
BLUE-AND-WHITE SWALLOW (Notiochelidon cyanoleuca).<br />
Common, 125 birds were counted.<br />
BANK SWALLOW (SAND MARTIN) (Riparia riparia).<br />
1 Tárcoles River (MHN) and 1 La Selva (TA).<br />
40
MANGROVE SWALLOW (Tachycineta albilinea).<br />
2 Tárcoles River, 6 Pigres, 12 Hacienda Solimar, 3 Tilaran - Fortuna and 2 La Gavilan Lodge.<br />
WHITE-THROATED MAGPIE-JAY (Calocitta formosa).<br />
17 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
BROWN JAY (Cyanocorax morio).<br />
6 Braulio Carrillo N.P. - San José, 2 San José - Carara B.R., 2 Carara Biological Reserve, 3<br />
Hacienda Solimar - Monteverde, 2 Monteverde, 1 Monteverde C.F.R. - Monteverde, 1<br />
Monteverde - Santa Elena, 6 Santa Elena - Fortuna, 2 La Selva, 1 San José and 1 Tapanti.<br />
AZURE-HOODED JAY (Cyanolyca cucullata).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 5 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, 1 Monteverde C.F.R. -<br />
Monteverde and 2 Tapanti N.P.<br />
SILVERY-THROATED JAY (Cyanolyca argentigula).<br />
2 birds seen before the main trip (<strong>Mar</strong>ch, 22) by Jesper Meedom and Erik Mølgaard at Cerro de<br />
la Muerte (KM 80).<br />
AMERICAN DIPPER (Cinclus mexicanus).<br />
2 Virgin del Socorro, 2 Virgin del Socorro - San José and 1 Tapanti N.P.<br />
SEDGE (GRASS) WREN (Cistothorus platensis).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo N.P. - San José.<br />
BANDED-BACKED WREN (Campylorhynchus zonatus).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park and 2 La Gavilan Lodge.<br />
RUFOUS-NAPED WREN (Campylorhynchus rufinucha).<br />
3 San José - Carara B.R., 2 Tárcoles River, 1 Pigres, 5 Puerto Caldera - Hacienda Solimar 19<br />
Hacienda Solimar.<br />
PLAIN WREN (Thryothorus modestus).<br />
2 Braulio Carrillo N.P. - San José, 1 San José - Carara B.R., 2 Hacienda Solimar, 2 Monteverde, 1<br />
La Selva, 1 Virgin del Socorro, 3 Corcovado and 8 Tiskita.<br />
Note: The birds seen at La Selva were the subspecies zeledoni there sometimes is considered as a full species and called<br />
Canebrake Wren.<br />
RUFOUS-AND-WHITE WREN (Thryothorus rufalbus).<br />
2 Carara Biological Reserve.<br />
STRIPE-BREASTED WREN (Thryothorus thoracicus).<br />
8 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 1 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge), 2 La Selva and 1 Virgin del<br />
Socorro.<br />
BAY WREN (Thryothorus nigricapillus).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 3 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge), 3 La Selva and 1 Virgin del<br />
Socorro.<br />
RIVERSIDE WREN (Thryothorus semibadius).<br />
4 Carara Biological Reserve, 3 Cordovado and 6 Tiskita.<br />
BANDED WREN (Thryothorus pleurostictus).<br />
8 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
41
BLACK-THROATED WREN (Thryothorus atrogularis).<br />
1 La Selva.<br />
BLACK-BELLIED WREN (Thryothorus fasciatoventris).<br />
5 Tiskita.<br />
RUFOUS-BREASTED WREN (Thryothorus rutilus).<br />
1 Carara Biological Reserve.<br />
HOUSE WREN (Troglodytes aedon).<br />
2 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 1 Braulio Carrillo N.P. - San José, 2 Monteverde, 1 Chilamate<br />
(Selva Verde Lodge), 1 La Gavilan Lodge, 1 La Selva, 1 Tapanti N.P. and 3 Corcovado.<br />
OCHRACEOUS WREN (Troglodytes ochraceus).<br />
1 heard Santa Elena Forest Reserve and 1 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve.<br />
Note: Sometimes considered conspecific with the Mountain Wren (T. solstitialis) of South America.<br />
TIMBERLINE WREN (Thryorchilus browni).<br />
6 Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
WHITE-BREASTED WOOD-WREN (Henicorhina leucosticta).<br />
2 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge) and 7 La Selva.<br />
GRAY-BREASTED WOOD-WREN (Henicorhina leucophrys).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 11 Santa Elena Forest Reserve, 28 Monteverde Cloud Forest<br />
Reserve, 4 Virgin del Socorro, 9 Tapanti N.P. and 1 Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
NORTHERN NIGHTINGALE WREN (Microcerculus philomela).<br />
2 heard Virgin del Socorro.<br />
Note: We follow Ridgely and Stiles and given the North Middle American subspecies philomela full species rank, based<br />
mainly on their different songs.<br />
SOUTHERN NIGHTINGALE WREN (Microcerculus marginatus).<br />
2 Carara Biological Reserve, 1 Corcovado and 6 Tiskita.<br />
Note: We follow Ridgely and lumped Whistling Wren (M. luscinia) into the megaspecies Southern Nightingale-Wren.<br />
GRAY CATBIRD (Dumetella carolinensis).<br />
1 La Selva.<br />
WHITE-THROATED ROBIN (THRUSH) (Turdus assimilis).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo N.P. - San José, 3 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, 2 Tapanti N.P.<br />
Note: Sometimes considered conspecific with White-necked Thrush (T. albicollis).<br />
CLAY-COLORED ROBIN (THRUSH)(Turdus grayi).<br />
Common in the lowlands, 59 birds were counted.<br />
PALE-VENTED ROBIN (THRUSH) (Turdus obsoletus).<br />
1 Virgin del Socorro.<br />
MOUNTAIN ROBIN (THRUSH) (Turdus plebejus).<br />
4 Santa Elena Forest Reserve, 3 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, 7 Tapanti N.P. and 24 Cerro<br />
de la Muerte.<br />
SOOTY ROBIN (THRUSH) (Turdus nigrescens).<br />
37 Cordillere de la Muerte.<br />
42
BLACK-FACED SOLITAIRE (Myadestes melanops).<br />
5 Santa Elena Forest Reserve, 18 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve and 4 Tapanti N.P.<br />
WOOD THRUSH (Hylocichla mustelina).<br />
1 Carara Biological Reserve, 1 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge), 1 La Selva, 1 Corcovado and 2<br />
Tiskita.<br />
SWAINSON'S THRUSH (Catharus ustulatus).<br />
Common, 74 birds were Counted. Highest number recorded were 49 Tiskita.<br />
BLACK-HEADED NIGHTINGALE-THRUSH (Catharus mexicanus).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park.<br />
SLATY-BACKED NIGHTINGALE-THRUSH (Catharus fuscater).<br />
2 heard Santa Elena Forest Reserve, 4 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, 4 heard Virgin del<br />
Socorro, 1 heard Virgin del Socorro - San José and 13 heard Tapanti National Park.<br />
RUDDY-CAPPED NIGHTINGALE-THRUSH (Catharus frantzii).<br />
1 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve and 7 Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
ORANGE-BILLED NIGHTINGALE-THRUSH (Catharus aurantiirostris).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo N.P. - San José and 1 heard Monteverde.<br />
BLACK-BILLED NIGHTINGALE-THRUSH (Catharus gracilirostris).<br />
20 Cordillere de la Muerte.<br />
WHITE-LORED GNATCATCHER (Polioptila albiloris).<br />
8 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
TROPICAL GNATCATCHER (Polioptila plumbea).<br />
2 Carara Biological Reserve, 3 Hacienda Solimar, 1 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge) and 2<br />
Tiskita.<br />
LONG-BILLED GNATWREN (Ramphocaenus melanurus).<br />
4 Carara Biological Reserve, 1 Hacienda Solimar, 1 La Selva, 1 Corcovado and 12 Tiskita.<br />
LONG-TAILED SILKY-FLYCATCHER (Ptilogonys caudatus).<br />
24 Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
BLACK-AND-YELLOW SILKY-FLYCATCHER (Phainoptila melanoxantha).<br />
2 Santa Elena Forest Reserve, 3 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve and 4 Cordillere de la Muerte.<br />
RUFOUS-BROWED PEPPERSHRIKE (Cyclarhis gujanensis).<br />
2 heard in the mangrove at Hacienda Solimar.<br />
GREEN SHRIKE-VIREO (Vireolanius pulchellus).<br />
4 heard Carara Biological Reserve and 1 heard La Selva.<br />
YELLOW-WINGED VIREO (Vireo carmioli).<br />
2 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve and 4 Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
YELLOW-THROATED VIREO (Vireo flavifrons).<br />
1 Carara Biological Reserve (MHN) and 3 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
RED-EYED VIREO (Vireo olivaceus).<br />
43
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 1 Carara Biological Reserve, 1 La Selva and 2 Tiskita.<br />
YELLOW-GREEN VIREO (Vireo flavoviridis).<br />
5 Carara Biological Reserve, 8 Hacienda Solimar and 2 Tiskita.<br />
Note: Now considered full species rank and split from Red-eyed Vireo (V. flavoviridis).<br />
PHILADELPHIA VIREO (Vireo philadelphicus).<br />
2 Virgin del Socorro, 1 Virgin del Socorro - San José, 12 Corcovado and 1 Tiskita.<br />
BROWN-CAPPED VIREO (Vireo leucophrys).<br />
1 Carara Biological Reserve, 1 heard Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve and 1 Tapanti N.P.<br />
Note: Formerly regarded as a subspecies of Warbling Vireo (V. gilvus).<br />
LESSER GREENLET (Hylophilus decurtatus).<br />
2 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 4 Carara Biological Reserve, 1 Monteverde Cloud Forest<br />
Reserve, 1 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge), 1 La Selva, 2 Corcovado and 2 Tiskita.<br />
BANANAQUIT (Coereba flaveola).<br />
2 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 3 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, 2 La Selva, 3 Virgin del<br />
Socorro, 8 Corcovado and 10 Tiskita.<br />
BLACK-AND-WHITE WARBLER (Mniotilta varia).<br />
2 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 1 Carara Biological Reserve and 1 La Selva.<br />
GOLDEN-WINGED WARBLER (Vermivora chrysoptera).<br />
2 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 1 Monteverde, 1 La Gavilan Lodge, 1 La Selva, 1 Virgin del<br />
Socorro and 2 Tapanti N.P.<br />
TENNESSEE WARBLER (Vermivora peregrina).<br />
1 Carara Biological Reserve and 1 La Selva.<br />
FLAME-THROATED WARBLER (Parula gutturalis).<br />
8 Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
TROPICAL PARULA (Parula pitiayumi).<br />
6 Virgin del Socorro.<br />
YELLOW WARBLER (Dendroica petechia).<br />
D. p. aestiva (Yellow Warbler): 1 Carara Biological Reserve, 1 Tárcoles River, 8 Hacienda<br />
Solimar, 2 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge), 1 La Selva, 1 San José, 3 Corcovado and 1 Tiskita.<br />
D. p. erithachorides (Mangrove Warbler): 1 Pigres and 40 seen in the mangrove of Hacienda<br />
Solimar.<br />
BLACK-THROATED GREEN WARBLER (Dendroica virens).<br />
2 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 1 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve and 2 Virgin del Socorro.<br />
BLACKBURNIAN WARBLER (Dendroica fusca).<br />
1 Brauli Carrillo National Park, 2 Virgin del Socorro and 1 Virgin del Socorro - San José.<br />
CHESTNUT-SIDED WARBLER (Dendroica pensylvanica).<br />
18 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 11 Carara Biological Reserve, 1 Fortuna, 9 Chilamate (Selva<br />
Verde Lodge), 15 La Gavilan Lodge, 20 La Selva, 6 Virgin del Socorro, 1 Tapanti N.P. and 4<br />
Tiskita.<br />
44
BAY-BREASTED WARBLER (Dendroica castanea).<br />
2 La Selva.<br />
OVENBIRD (Seiurus aurocapillus).<br />
2 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
NORTHERN WATERTHRUSH (Seiurus noveboracensis).<br />
5 Carara Biological Reserve, 5 Hacienda Solimar, 1 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge), 1 La<br />
Gavilan Lodge and 2 Corcovado.<br />
KENTUCKY WARBLER (Oporornis formosus).<br />
2 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 2 Carara Biological Reserve and 1 Corcovado (MHN).<br />
MOURNING WARBLER (Oporornis philadelphia).<br />
1 Corcovado (PEM).<br />
OLIVE-CROWNED YELLOWTHROAT (Geothlypis semiflava).<br />
2 La Selva.<br />
GRAY-CROWNED YELLOWTHROAT (Geothlypis poliocephala).<br />
2 Hacienda Solimar, 1 Santa Elena - Tilaran and 2 Tilaran - Fortuna.<br />
WILSON'S WARBLER (Wilsonia pusilla).<br />
1 Monteverde, 2 Santa Elena Forest Reserve, 5 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, 4 Virgin del<br />
Socorro, 1 Tapanti N.P. and 9 Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
AMERICAN REDSTART (Setophaga ruticilla).<br />
1 Carara Biological Reserve and 5 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
SLATE-THROATED REDSTART (Myioborus miniatus).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 20 Santa Elena Forest Reserve, 25 Monteverde Cloud Forest<br />
Reserve, 2 Virgin del Socorro and 20 Tapanti N.P.<br />
COLLARED REDSTART (Myioborus torquatus).<br />
6 Santa Elena Forest Reserve, 8 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, 2 Virgin del Socorro, 2<br />
Tapanti N.P. and 1 Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
THREE-STRIPED WARBLER (Basileuterus tristriatus).<br />
7 Santa Elena Forest Reserve and 23 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve.<br />
GOLDEN-CROWNED WARBLER (Basileuterus culicivorus).<br />
1 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve and 2 Monteverde.<br />
BLACK-CHEEKED WARBLER (Basileuterus melanogenys).<br />
4 Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
RUFOUS-CAPPED WARBLER (Basileuterus rufifrons).<br />
4 Hacienda Solimar and 1 San José (San Joaquin).<br />
BUFF-RUMPED WARBLER (Basileuterus fulvicauda).<br />
3 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 1 Carara Biological Reserve, 2 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge),<br />
2 La Selva and 1 Tiskita.<br />
CHESTNUT-HEADED OROPENDOLA (Psarocolius wagleri).<br />
27 La Selva, 7 Tapanti N.P. and 5 Tiskita.<br />
45
MONTEZUMA OROPENDOLA (Psarocolius montezuma).<br />
2 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 11 Santa Elena - Chilamate, 150 Chilamate/La Selva area, 5<br />
Chilamate - Virgin del Socorro, 1 San José - Tapanti and 1 Tapanti - San José.<br />
GIANT COWBIRD (Scapidura oryzivora).<br />
1 Chilamate - Virgin del Socorro.<br />
SCARLET-RUMPED CACIQUE (Cacicus uropygialis).<br />
4 La Selva, 12 Corcovado and 2 Tiskita.<br />
YELLOW-BILLED CACIQUE (Amblycercus holosericeus).<br />
4 La Selva.<br />
BRONZED COWBIRD (Molothrus aeneus).<br />
40 Tárcoles River, 25 Carara Biological Reserve, 9 Santa Elena - Chilamate, 1 La Selva, 4 La<br />
Selva - Chilamate, 5 Chilamate - Virgin del Socorro, 2 Virgin del Socorro - San José, 1 San José -<br />
Tapanti and 2 Corcovado.<br />
GREAT-TAILED GRACKLE (Quiscalus mexicanus).<br />
Common, 565 birds were counted. Highest number recorded were 150 San José on the 24th of<br />
<strong>Mar</strong>ch.<br />
ORCHARD ORIOLE (Icterus spurius).<br />
5 La Selva.<br />
BLACK-COWLED ORIOLE (Icterus dominicensis).<br />
2 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge) and 3 La Selva.<br />
YELLOW-TAILED ORIOLE (Icterus mesomelas).<br />
2 La Selva.<br />
SPOTTED-BREASTED ORIOLE (Icterus pectoralis).<br />
6 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
NORTHERN ORIOLE (Icterus galbula).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 1 Tárcoles River, 7 Carara Biological Reserve, 4 Hacienda<br />
Solimar, 3 Monteverde, 1 Tilaran - Fortuna, 5 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge) and 2 La Selva.<br />
STREAK-BACKED ORIOLE (Icterus pustulatus).<br />
9 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD (Agelaius phoeniceus).<br />
1 Pigres, 175 Hacienda Solimar and 3 Fortuna - Chilamate.<br />
EASTERN MEADOWLARK (Sturnella magna).<br />
2 Braulio Carrillo N.P. - San José, 2 Tárcoles River, 2 Puerto Caldera - Hacienda Solimar, 4<br />
Hacienda Solimar, 6 Santa Elena - Tilaran, 2 Chilamate - La Selva and 3 San José.<br />
GOLDEN-BROWED CHLOROPHONIA (Chlorophonia callophrys).<br />
3 Santa Elena Forest Reserve, 5 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve and 4 Tapanti N.P.<br />
BLUE-HOODED EUPHONIA (Euphonia elegantissima).<br />
3 Tapanti N.P.<br />
46
TAWNY-CAPPED EUPHONIA (Euphonia anneae).<br />
3 Braulio Carrillo National Park.<br />
WHITE-VENTED EUPHONIA (Euphonia minuta).<br />
1 Tiskita (SKR).<br />
SCRUB EUPHONIA (Euphonia affinis).<br />
2 Puerto Caldera - Hacienda Solimar and 6 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
YELLOW-CROWNED EUPHONIA (Euphonia luteicapilla).<br />
5 Carara Biological Reserve, 1 La Selva and 1 Tiskita.<br />
THICK-BILLED EUPHONIA (Euphonia laniirostris).<br />
2 Corcovado (TA & PEM) and 2 Tiskita.<br />
YELLOW-THROATED EUPHONIA (Euphonia hirundinacea).<br />
2 Carara Biological Reserve and 2 Monteverde.<br />
OLIVE-BACKED EUPHONIA (Euphonia gouldi).<br />
1 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge), 1 La Gavilan Lodge and 4 La Selva.<br />
SPOTTED-CROWNED EUPHONIA (Euphonia imitans).<br />
2 Corcovado and 2 Tiskita.<br />
EMERALD TANAGER (Tangara florida).<br />
7 Braulio Carrillo National Park.<br />
SPECKLED TANAGER (Tangara guttata).<br />
5 Braulio Carrillo National Park and 2 Virgin del Socorro.<br />
SILVER-THROATED TANAGER (Tangara icterocephala).<br />
2 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, 5 Virgin del Socorro and 5 Tapanti N.P.<br />
GOLDEN-HOODED TANAGER (Tangara larvata).<br />
3 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 2 Carara Biological Reserve, 2 Fortuna, 2 Chilamate (Selva<br />
Verde Lodge), 6 La Selva, 2 Corcovado and 11 Tiskita.<br />
RUFOUS-WINGED TANAGER (Tangara lavinia).<br />
1 Virgin del Socorro (PEM).<br />
BAY-HEADED TANAGER (Tangara gyrola).<br />
5 Virgin del Socorro, 2 Tapanti N.P., 2 Corcovado and 1 Tiskita.<br />
SPANGLED-CHEEKED TANAGER (Tangara dowii).<br />
4 Santa Elena Forest Reserve, 2 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, 7 Tapanti N.P. and 2 Cerro de<br />
la Muerte.<br />
GREEN HONEYCREEPER (Chlorophanes spiza).<br />
2 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 1 Carara Biological Reserve, 1 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge),<br />
4 La Selva, 1 Corcovado and 2 Tiskita.<br />
RED-LEGGED HONEYCREEPER (Cyanerpes cyaneus).<br />
6 Carara Biological Reserve, 2 Monteverde, 5 Tilaran - Fortuna, 1 Fortuna, 9 Corcovado and 8<br />
47
Tiskita.<br />
SHINING HONEYCREEPER (Cyanerpes lucidus).<br />
2 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 6 La Selva and 6 Tiskita.<br />
BLUE DACNIS (Dacnis cayana).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 2 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge), 2 La Selva and 2 Tiskita.<br />
SCARLET-THIGHED DACNIS (Dacnis venusta).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 1 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve (SKR) and 4 Virgin del<br />
Socorro.<br />
BLUE-AND-GOLD TANAGER (Buthraupis arcaei).<br />
4 Braulio Carrillo National Park.<br />
BLUE-GRAY TANAGER (Thraupis episcopus).<br />
Common in the lowlands, 52 birds were counted.<br />
PALM TANAGER (Thraupis palmarum).<br />
5 Carara Biological Reserve, 2 Tárcoles River, 16 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge), 1 Chilamate -<br />
La Gavilan Lodge, 2 La Selva, 3 Corcovado and 4 Tiskita.<br />
SCARLET-RUMPED TANAGER (Ramphocelus passerinii).<br />
4 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 1 Tárcoles River, 11 Tilaran - Chilamate, 20 Chilamate (Selva<br />
Verde Lodge), 1 La Gavilan Lodge, 30 La Selva, 10 Corcovado and 10 Tiskita.<br />
CRIMSON-COLLARED TANAGER (Phlogothraupis sanguinolenta).<br />
3 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 3 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge), 1 La Selva and 5 Virgin del<br />
Socorro.<br />
SUMMER TANAGER (Piranga rubra).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 2 Carara Biological Reserve, 1 Fortuna, 1 Chilamate (Selva<br />
Verde Lodge), 1 La Gavilan Lodge and 1 La Selva.<br />
HEPATIC TANAGER (Piranga flava).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park and 1 Tárcoles River.<br />
SCARLET TANAGER (Piranga olivacea).<br />
1 Carara Biological Reserve, 4 La Selva and 9 Tiskita.<br />
FLAME-COLORED TANAGER (Piranga bidentata).<br />
6 Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
OLIVE TANAGER (Chlorothraupis carmioli).<br />
4 Braulio Carrillo National Park.<br />
RED-THROATED ANT-TANAGER (Habia fuscicauda).<br />
3 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge) and 2 La Selva.<br />
WHITE-THROATED SHRIKE-TANAGER (Lanio leucothorax).<br />
1 Corcovado.<br />
WHITE-LINED TANAGER (Tachyphonus rufus).<br />
2 Braulio Carrillo National Park and 1 La Selva.<br />
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WHITE-SHOULDERED TANAGER (Tachyphonus luctuosus).<br />
3 Carara Biological Reserve and 1 La Selva.<br />
GRAY-HEADED TANAGER (Eucometis penicillata).<br />
5 Carara Biological Reserve.<br />
DUSKY-FACED TANAGER (Mitrospingus cassinii).<br />
1 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge), 3 La Gavilan Lodge and 6 La Selva.<br />
BLACK-AND-YELLOW TANAGER (Chrysothlypis chrysomelas).<br />
5 Braulio Carrillo National Park.<br />
COMMON BUSH-TANAGER (Chlorospingus ophthalmicus).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 16 Santa Elena Forest Reserve, 43 Monteverde Cloud Forest<br />
Reserve, 5 Virgin del Socorro, 60 Tapanti N.P. and 1 Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
SOOTY-CAPPED BUSH-TANAGER (Chlorospingus pileatus).<br />
9 Santa Elena Forest Reserve, 2 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, 30 Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
ASHY-THROATED BUSH-TANAGER (Chlorospingus canigularis).<br />
4 Braulio Carrillo National Park.<br />
BLACK-HEADED SALTATOR (Saltator atriceps).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 1 La Gavilan Lodge and 2 La Selva.<br />
BUFF-THROATED SALTATOR (Saltator maximus).<br />
3 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 3 Carara Biological Reserve, 3 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge),<br />
1 La Gavilan Lodge, 4 La Selva, 1 Tapanti, 1 Corcovado and 2 Tiskita.<br />
GRAYISH SALTATOR (Saltator coerulescens).<br />
4 Tilaran - Fortuna and 2 La Selva.<br />
STREAKED SALTATOR (Saltator albicollis).<br />
1 Tiskita.<br />
BLACK-FACED GROSBEAK (Caryothraustes poliogaster).<br />
2 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 2 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge) and 3 La Selva.<br />
SLATE-COLORED GROSBEAK (Pitylus grossus).<br />
2 Braulio Carrillo National Park.<br />
BLACK-THIGHED GROSBEAK (Pheucticus tibialis).<br />
1 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 1 Santa Elena Forest Reserve, 1 Virgin del Socorro and 1 Cerro<br />
de la Muerte.<br />
ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK (Pheucticus ludovicianus).<br />
5 Carara Biological Reserve, 3 Hacienda Solimar, 2 La Selva and 1 Virgin del Socorro.<br />
BLUE GROSBEAK (Guiraca caerulea).<br />
2 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
BLUE-BLACK GROSBEAK (Cyanocompsa cyanoides).<br />
2 Carara Biological Reserve and 3 La Selva.<br />
YELLOW-FACED GRASSQUIT (Tiaris olivacea).<br />
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3 Braulio Carrillo N.P. - San José, 12 Santa Elena/Monteverde area, 12 Santa Elena - Fortuna, 1<br />
Fortuna, 2 Tiskita and 1 Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
WHITE-COLLARED SEEDEATER (Sporophila torqueola).<br />
2 Hacienda Solimar, 3 Corcovado and 2 Tiskita.<br />
VARIABLE SEEDEATER (Sporophila aurita).<br />
20 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 1 Tilaran - Fortuna, 3 Fortuna, 4 Chilamate (Selva Verde<br />
Lodge), 10 La Selva, 9 Chilamate - Virgin del Socorro, 2 Tapanti, 18 Corcovado, and 5 Tiskita.<br />
PINK-BILLED SEED-FINCH (Oryzoborus nuttingi).<br />
2 2 La Selva.<br />
THICK-BILLED SEED-FINCH (Oryzoborus funereus).<br />
2 and 1 Tiskita.<br />
BLUE-BLACK GRASSQUIT (Volatinia jacarina).<br />
2 Tárcoles River, 28 Hacienda Solimar, 2 Tilaran - Fortuna, 4 Fortuna, 10 Corcovado and 1<br />
Tiskita.<br />
SLATY FLOWERPIERCER (Diglossa plumbea).<br />
8 Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
LARGE-FOOTED FINCH (Pezopetes capitalis).<br />
9 Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
YELLOW-THIGHED FINCH (Pselliophorus tibialis).<br />
8 Santa Elena Forest Reserve and 2 Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
YELLOW-THROATED BRUSH-FINCH (Atlapetes gutturalis).<br />
2 Braulio Carrillo N.P. - San José.<br />
CHESTNUT-CAPPED BRUSH-FINCH (Atlapetes brunneinucha).<br />
3 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve.<br />
SOOTY-FACED FINCH (Lysurus crassirostris).<br />
2 Tapanti N.P.<br />
ORANGE-BILLED SPARROW (Arremon aurantirostris).<br />
2 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 4 Carara Biological Reserve, 3 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge),<br />
5 La Selva (Estacion Biologica La Selva), 1 Corcovado and 1 Tiskita.<br />
OLIVE SPARROW (Arremonops rufivirgatus).<br />
12 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
BLACK-STRIPED SPARROW (Arremonops conirostris).<br />
2 Braulio Carrillo National Park, 3 La Selva, 1 Virgin del Socorro, 4 Corcovado and 2 Tiskita.<br />
PREVOST'S GROUND-SPARROW (Melozone biarcuatum).<br />
4 San José (San Joaquin).<br />
WHITE-EARED GROUND-SPARROW (Melozone leucotis).<br />
6 Monteverde.<br />
STRIPE-HEADED SPARROW (Aimophila ruficauda).<br />
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18 Hacienda Solimar and 2 Tilaran - Fortuna.<br />
VOLCANO JUNCO (Junco vulcani).<br />
10 Cerro de la Muerte (Cerro de la Muerte).<br />
RUFOUS-COLLARED SPARROW (Zonotrichia capensis).<br />
Common in the middle and higher parts of the country. 126 birds were counted.<br />
YELLOW-BELLIED SISKIN (Carduelis xanthogastra).<br />
2 Cerro de la Muerte.<br />
HOUSE SPARROW (Passer domesticus).<br />
11 Fortuna - Chilamate, 2 Chilamate - La Selva, 1 San José - Tapanti and 1 San José.<br />
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LIST OF MAMMALS AND REPTILES RECORDED.<br />
CENTRAL AMERICAN OPOSSUM (Caluromys derbianus).<br />
1 Carara Biological Reserve.<br />
BAT SPECIES.<br />
5 Tárcoles River and 2 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
CENTRAL AMERICAN SQUIRREL MONKEY (Saimiri oerstedi).<br />
39 Tiskita.<br />
MANTLED HOWLER MONKEY (Alouatta palliata).<br />
A flock heard Carara Biological Reserve, 1 Puerto Caldera, 38 Hacienda Solimar, heard<br />
Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, a flock heard La Selva, a flock heard Virgin del Socorro and 3<br />
+ a flock heard Tiskita.<br />
CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER MONKEY (Ateles geoffroyi).<br />
9 Corcovado.<br />
WHITE-FACED CAPUCHIN MONKEY (Cebus capuchinus).<br />
1 Carara Biological Reserve, 4 Hacienda Solimar, 7 Corcovado and Tiskita.<br />
NORTHERN TAMANDUA (Tamandua mexicana).<br />
1 Carara Biological Reserve and 1 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
Note: Also called Collared Anteater.<br />
BROWN-THROATED THREE-TOED SLOTH (Bradypes variegatos).<br />
2 La Selva, 1 Chilamate - Virgin del Socorro and 1 Tiskita.<br />
NINE-BANDED ARMADILLO (Nasypus novemcinctus).<br />
2 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
VARIEGATED SQUIRREL (Sciurus variegatoides).<br />
1 Carara Biological Reserve, 2 Hacienda Solimar, 10 Chilamate (Selva Verde Lodge), 1 Virgin<br />
del Socorro and 1 Tapanti N.P.<br />
DEPPE'S SQUIRREL (Sciurus deppei).<br />
1 Santa Elena Forest Reserve.<br />
CENTRAL AMERICAN AGOUTI (Dasyprocta punctata).<br />
1 Carara Biological Reserve, 1 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, 2 Chilamate (Selva Verde<br />
Lodge) and 3 La Selva.<br />
COYOTE (Canis latrans).<br />
1 Monteverde (KR & MP).<br />
GRAY FOX (Urocyon cinereoargenteus).<br />
1 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve.<br />
WHITE-NOSED COATI (Nasua narica).<br />
8 Hacienda Solimar, 1 La Selva and track seen at Tiskita.<br />
COLLARED PECCARY (Tayassu tajacu).<br />
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2 Carara Biological Reserve, 8 Hacienda Solimar and La Selva.<br />
RED BROCKET DEER (Mozama americana).<br />
1 Carara Biological Reserve.<br />
DOLPHIN SPECIES ( ).<br />
1 Tiskita (TA).<br />
AMERICAN CROCODILE ( ).<br />
5 Tárcoles River and 1 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
COMMON IGUANA (Iguana iguana).<br />
1 Tárcoles River, 6 Carara Biological Reserve and 1 La Gavilan Lodge.<br />
BOA SNAKE (Constrictor constrictor).<br />
1 Corcovado and 1 Tiskita (MP).<br />
SNAKE SPECIES.<br />
1 Hacienda Solimar.<br />
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