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36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ovens, has been entirely rewritten and a large
amount of additional matter added, including detailed
descriptions of many well known plants.
Chapters seven, eight and nine are devoted to the
physical properties of charcoal, anthracite and
coke, comparisons of bee-hive and by-product coke,
laboratory methods of obtaining the relative calorific
values of metallurgical fuels and the location
of plants for the manufacture of coke. Chapter
ten, on general conclusions on the work, costs and
products of the several types of coke ovens, is
largely new and is a most interesting comparison
of results and costs with different ovens, taken
from actual working figures and based upon Mr.
Fulton's wide knowledge and experience.
Chapter eleven, on the fuel briquetting industry,
is entirely new, and wdiile foreign to the
general subject of the book is added to supply the
great demand for information upon this subject.
Mr. Fulton has summarized the literature upon
briquetting, and in 70 pages has given an excellent
digest of the present practice in Europe,
where of course, most of the briquetting is done
at the present time.
Typographically the book is pleasing, and the
large number of illustrations and working drawings
add greatly to the value of the statistical and
descriptive matter contained in the text.
LABOR UNIONISM IN EUROPE.
The first international report of the trade union
movement in Europe giving facts and figures to
the close of the year 1903, has been issued by Carl
Legien, general secretary of the general committee
of the trade unions of Germany, and who is also
a Socialist member of Parliament, representing
Kiel. Reports for countries affiliated are in brief
as follows:
England—The General Federation is the only
central trade union organization of the country
which has to perform trade union work only.
Only 30 per cent, of the trade unions of the country
belong to it. The affiliated organizations have
to pay a one and two-shillings subscription annually.
From the funds thus collected the trade
unions are given support in strikes, namely, two
and a half and five shillings per striking or lockedout
member weekly during the whole of the strike
or locKOtit. It is thought that the contributions
are too high for the unions not affiliated. The reserve
funds of the federation have reached £100.-
000. For the political representation of the workers
there is a combination in the Trade Union
Congress, with which 70 per cent, of the unions
are affiliated. Then there is the Labor Representation
Committee, to forward the election of labor
representatives to Parliament. Fifty per cent, of
the unions belong to this committee. These societies
for political purposes are not oppositional
but supplementary organizations of the central organization.
Denmark—Aside from the Samvirkende Fagforbund,"
there exists a Christian federation. It is
reported that this society has 45,000 members and
170 branches. The Samvirkende Fagforbund h^s
ten central federations, fifteen local societies and
23,477 members. Nearly all are united with the
Social Democratic party.
Sweden—There is only one national organization.
It has nine central federations, 100 local societies
and 32,080 members.
Norway—There is only one national central organization,
called the "Arbeidernes Faglige Lands
Organization."
Germany—Besides the General Committee of
Trade Unions there are three other central organizations
of workers in Germany—the Christian
trade unions, the Hirseh-Duncker trade societies,
and the purely local societies. The unions affiliated
with the general committee have a membership
of 389,132.
Austria—No national organization exists here
aside from the trade union committee. There are
a number of Christian social organizations which
call themselves trade unions, but which are only
the tail of reactionary political parties. Nothing
is known of their membership, as no report is
made by them.
Hungary—All the existing trade unions in Hungary
have declared themselves for affiliafon with
ihe Hungarian Trade Union Council.
Servia—All labor organizations in this country
belong to the central federation of trade unions.
Spain—Spain has only one central organization,
namely, the "Union General de Trabajadores," but
a number of local unions exist there. These stand
for the general-strike proposition.
A number of countries reported their membership,
from which the following figures are taken:
England, 1,922,780; Denmark, 86,326; Sweden, 80,-
000; Norway, 15,996; Germany, 1,276,831; Austria,
177,592; Hungary, 41,138; Servia, 3,500. The total
number of women organized in the foregoing
countries is 84,721. Secretary Legien is now
compiling the 1904 report and when it is issued,
which will be soon, it will undoubtedly show a
marked increase, as there was great activity in
organization work displayed in Europe during the
past year.
Edward E. Lewis, of Duluth, Minn., claims to
have discovered anthracite coal about forty miles
from Duluth. on the line of the Northern Pacific
railroad.