COAL - Clpdigital.org

PRESENTED BY
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J
I III COM i
PENNSYLVANIA
COAL AND COKE
COMPANY
WEBSTER GALLITZIN ^
e©AL. e©KE.
ROBERT MITCHELL, GENERAL SALE) AQENI
LAND TITLE BUILDINQ,
PHILADELPHI V PA.
MU \okk 17 BATTERS PI ui BOSTON No 141 HILK STUB i
LMlCAiiO l\S in iRBORN 5TREI i
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._ RADE BULLETIN.
Vol. XIII. PITTSBTJKGH, PA., JUNE 1, 1905. No. 1.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN:
PUBLISHED TWICE A MONTH.
Copyrighted by THE COAL TRADE COMPANY, 1905.
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STBAUB, Managing Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION, - - $2.00 A YEAR.
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are Invited.
All communications and remittances to
THE COAI. TRA.DK COMPANY.
926-930 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBUROH, PA.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh, Pa., as
Second Class Mall Matter.]
WITH THE PROJECT for canalizing the Ohio being
rates which Pittsburgh shippers justly regard as
unfair and extortionate continue to obtain. En­
gineers say that it is possible to have the canal
in operation in five years. If present plans are
adhered to it will furnish transportation for as
much freight as fifteen railroads could carry.
Moreover, its cost, making all reasonable allow­
ances, will not be greater than that of one double
track line covering the same distance and reaching
the same points. It will carry Pittsburgh's coal
and manufactured products to the lakes and bring
back iron ore for about one-third of the amount
now paid. May success and speed attend the
venture, and if the personnel and past history of
those who compose the company may be taken as
a criterion it will have both.
» * «
ALL INDICATIONS point to a good summer's busi-
pushed to the utmost, with perfect certainty that ness and a record-breaking spurt next fall. Even
the desired end is being attained in that direction the railroads, which usually take the position of
and with a company of representative men incor- the man from Missouri, are awake to coming
porated and actively at work to make the Lake needs and are straining every nerve to bring their
Erie and Ohio river ship canal a reality, Pitts­ equipment up to a point at which it will be fairly
burgh industrial leaders and particularly those efficient. Big industrial orders are being given
interested in coal seem justified in taking a bright and plans for increasing capacity are being made
view of the future. The ship canal is such an on all sides. A year ago business was fast get­
old project, and for many years almost a chimerting down to rather a low ebb. It became eviical
one that it is difficult to realize that an actual dent, however, before the summer was over, that
start has been made toward bringing it into a revival of trade was at hand. The mainspring
existence. It is, however, the legitimate fruit of of industrial activity is coal. When conditions
the agitation and efforts begun more than a decade became such last fall that the indications could
ago. The fallacy of the arguments of those who not be mistaken, many coal producers endeavored
at first honestly believed that the increase in the to open the market, take care of the consumer and
number and facilities of the railroads would meet avoid the congestion that was otherwise unavoid­
the natural increase in the demand for heavy able. They were ridiculed, sneered at and openly
transportation has been proved. Whether or not the accused of trying to take their friends into camp.
railroads are able to give shippers the benefit of So were some few publishers who had the temerity
better rates in the canal zone is a matter of which to advise the public. The result was a nasty
they, unfortunately, are the sole arbiters. Thus state of affairs which lasted through the greater
far neither smiles nor prayers have availed and part of the winter. There were some biting

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
shortages of fuel, even at no remote distance from
producing centers. Next winter will see a vastly
increased demand for coal and coke, with, rela­
tively, no better transportation facilities. It re­
mains to be seen whether last year's experience
has effectually taught its lesson. Present indica­
tions are that it has not.
* * *
.CONGRESSMAN BURTON is reported to have been
much put out owing to the rise which overtook the
inspection party, of whicli he was the head, while
covering the last half of the course of the Ohio.
He is quoted as saying that the inability to ex­
amine into conditions at low water made it im­
possible to pass judgment on the actual needs of
that section of the river, and that he would like
to go over that part of the route again. If Mr.
Burton could see the upper half of the Ohio when
that stream is on one of its spring rampages, and
witness some of the disastrous wrecks that those
who entrust their cargoes to its waters are accus­
tomed to risk, he would need no further evidence
of the crying necessity for the improvements de­
manded.
* * *
THE STRIKE of the Chicago teamsters has taken
on a new lease of life. The end, however, must
inevitably be the same. Meanwhile a few more
murders and mannings do not seem to make
wrested from her.
OFFICIAL STATISTICS ON COAL PRODUCTION
COMPILED BY EDWARD W. PARKER, OF
THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SUR­
VEY.
Practically complete returns to the United States
geological survey for 1904, as collected by Mr.
Edward W. Parker, statistician, show that the
production of coal last year amounted to 351,196,-
953 short tons, having a total value at the mines
of $445,643,528. Compared with 1903 this shows
a falling off of 6,159,463 short tons in quantity,
and of $58,080,853 in value. This decrease, although
proportionately large in the figures of
value, does not indicate any interruption to the
generally prosperous conditions which have prevailed
during the last eight years. It was simply
a natural reaction from the abnormal activity
which had been maintained throughout the coal
mining regions in 1903, due to the exhaustion of
all coal stocks on hand by the memorable strike of
1902. In order to renew the coal stocks and at the
same time to provide fuel for immediate use, the
coal mines in 1903 were pushed to their utmost
capacity, or, one should probably say, to the capacity
of the railroads to handle the output. As
a result the enormous production of 357,356,416
short tons was recorded. Prices raised high by
the famine of 1902 reniained high for a large part
of the year, and the total value of coal at the
mines, before any expense of transportation or
selling costs had been added, amounted to $503,-
724,381,
Ax INCREASE OF $136,600,000
over that of 1902.
much difference to those to whom the matter of The production in 1904, while less than that of
preserving order is entrusted. Chicago is probably
the only large city in the Union in which
so much disorder and rioting would have been
1903 by 6,159,463 short tons, exhibits a normal increase
when compared with the annual production
during the ten preceding years. The average
price for all coal mined and sold in 1904 was $1.27,
borne so complaisantly.
as compared witn $1.41 in 1903, and $1.22 in 1902.
* * *
The statistics for the production of anthracite
THE inspections and tests of hoisting machinery,
in the Pennsylvania anthracite collieries, ordered
by Chief Roderick of the state bureau of mines,
in Pennsylvania, which are complete, show that
the output in 1904 amounted to 65,318,490 long
tons (equivalent to 73,156,709 short tons), valued,
at the mines, at $138,974,020, as compared with
has served a good purpose inasmuch as it has dem­ 66,613,454 long tons (or 74.607.06S short tons),
onstrated that the equipment examined is without valued at $152,036,448 in 1903. The decrease in
exception in first-class condition and absolutely
efficient.
* • *
production in 1904 therefore amounted to 1,294,964
long tons (or 1,450,359 short tons), while the falling
off in gross revenue amounted to $13,062,428.
Of the total production of Pennsylvania anthra­
SOUTHERN seers assert that they can already decite
in 1904. 57,727,178 long tons were shipped to
scry the dawn of the day when Alabama will be market, 1,410,703 tons were sold to local trade and
the centre of the iron and steel trade. Not until
Pennsylvania ceases to lead the coal producing
states, and that will not be for many a generation
employes, and 6,180,609 tons were used at the
mines for steam and heat. The average price for
the marketed product (excluding colliery consumption)
in 1904 was $2.35, as against $2.50 in
yet, will her supremacy in iron and steel be 1903.
One of the interesting features in connection

with the anthracite trade is the constantly decreasing
proportions of the large or more profitable
sizes of
COAL SENT TO MARKET,
and the equally constant increase in the proportions
of small or less profitable coal. In 1890,
77 per cent, of the shipments from the anthracite
regions consisted of sizes larger than pea coal,
and 23 per cent, represented the shipments of
pea coal and smaller. In 1904 the large sizes
made up only 62 per cent, of the total, wnile the
small sizes had increased to 38 per cent. Or,
putting it in another way, the total tonnage of
large sizes from 1890 to 1904 has increased 25 per
cent, (from 28,154,678 tons to 35,636,661 tons),
while the tonnage of small sizes has increased
158 per cent, from 8,460,781 long tons in 1890 to
21,855,861 long tons in 1904.
The recovery of usable coal from the old culm
banks by washing has furnished some of this increase
in me shipments of small sizes, and the
installation of washeries at the breakers for saving
the small sizes in the primary preparation of
the coal has done more. The recovery from the
old culm banks has averaged about 2,500,000 long
tons annually during the last four years.
The statistics of bituminous coal production
comprise all varieties except Pennsylvania anthra
cite, and include semi-anthracites, semi-bituminous,
cannel, splint and block coals, and brown and
black lignites. The small production of anthracite
in Colorado and New Mexico is also included
in the bituminous output. In 1904 the aggregate
production of all these varieties amounted to 278,-
040,244 short tons, valued at $306,669,508, against
282,749,348 short tons, worth $351,687,933 in 1903,
indicating a decrease of 4,709,104 tons in amount
and $45,018,425 in value. The
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
Montana 1,359. ,409
Nevada
150
New Mexico 1,452, ,183
North Dakota 269. ,297
Ohio 24,415 ,iio4
Oregon Ill ,540
Pennsylvania 97,916 , I oo
Tennessee 4,782 ,302
Texas 1,072 ,194
Utah 1,491 ,607
Virginia 3,576 ,092
Washington 3,135 ,757
West Virginia 32,332 ,385
Wyoming 5,177 ,381
2,196,408
1,500
1,903,932
381,731
26,522,990
243,588
95,677,581
5,642,558
1,750,295
1,941,295
3,078,281
5,115,863
28,618,696
6,741.919
Total bituminous 278,040,244 $306,669,508
Pennsylvania anthracite. 73,156,709 138,974,020
Grand total 351,196.953 $445,643,528
Among the 31 states included in the above table
there were only 10 in which there was an increase
of production in 1904, and these 10 include the
state of Nevada, which is credited with 150 tons
in 1904 and had no production during the preceding
year. Of the more important producing
states. West Virginia. Indiana, Kentucky, Iowa,
Kansas and Wyoming were the only ones that
showed
AN INCREASE IN PRODUCTION
in 1904. The only important increase was made
by West Virginia, whose output in 1903 was curtailed
by labor troubles, and whose gain in 1904
amounted to 3,000,000 tons.
The following table presents a comparative statement
of production in 1903 and 1904, by states.
with the increases and decreases for each in 1904:
State. 1903. 1904. Change.
Alabama 11,654,324
AVERAGE PRICE A TON
Arkansas 2,229,172
for all coal mined and sold, including colliery con­ California and
sumption, fell from $1.24 in 1903 to $1.10 in 1904. Alaska 105,420
The following table shows the amount and value Colorado 7,423,602
of the coal production of the United States in 1904. Georgia and
11,163,194 D. 491,130
2,009,451 D. 219,721
75,388 D. 30,032
6,594,295 D. 829,307
State. Production. Value. N. Carolina. 434,260 400,191 I). 34,069
Alabama 11,163,194 $13,356,095 Idaho 4,250 3,330 D. 920
Arkansas 2,009,451 3,102,660 Illinois 36,957,104 35,990,796 D. 996,308
California and Alaska... 75,388 207,281 Indiana 10,794,692 10,929,908 I. 135,216
Colorado 6,594,295 9,694,628 Indian Ter.. .. 3,517,388 3,011,972 D. 505,416
Georgia and N. Carolina 400,191 489,596 Iowa 6,419,811 6,542,005 I. 122,194
Idaho
Illinois
3,330
35,990,790
12,230
39,417,882
Kansas
Kentucky ....
5,839,976
7,538,032
6,322,875 I.
7,559,940 I.
482,899
21,908
Indiana 10,929,908 121,068,097 Maryland 4.846.165 4,819,171 J>. 26,994
Indian Territory 3,011.972 5,473,490 Michigan 1.367,619 1,338,447 D. 29,172
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Maryland
Michigan
Missouri
6,542,005
6,322,875
7,559,940
4,819,171
1,338,447
4,187,197
10,555,169
9,621,252
7,848,153
5,723,7/4
2,410,358
6,872,126
Missouri 4,238,586
Montana
1,488,810
Nevada
New Mexico. . 1,541,781
No. Dakota. . . 278,645
Ohio
24,838,103
4,187,197 D. 51,389
1,359,409 D. 129,401
150 I. 150
1,452,183 D. 89,598
269,297 D. 9,348
24,415,054 D. 423,049

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Oregon 91.144 111,540 I. 20,396 and visual evidence that was overwhelming.
fenna. (bitu-
Chairman Burton, in an address, stated that if the
minous 103,117,178 97,916,733 D.5,200,445 people of the Ohio valley went properly to work
Tennessee 4,798,004 4,782,302 D. 15,702 they would be able to obtain from the government
Texas
926,759 1,072,194 I. 145,435 any amount needed to complete the work, even if
Utah
1,681,409 1,491,607 D. 189,802 the sum were to aggregate $60,000,000. Acting on
Virginia
3,451,307 3,576,092 I. 124,785 this suggestion a conference was held between the
Washington .. 3,193,273 3,135,757 D. 57,516 members of the committee and the officers of the
West Virginia . 29,337,241 32,332,385 1.2,995,144 Ohio Valley Improvement Association, who accom­
Wyoming 4,635,293 5,177,381 I. 542,088 panied the party, and the following resolution was
adopted: "That, for the purpose of inducing the
Total bitum's.282,749,348 278,040,244 a4,709,104 government to adopt a more liberal policy for the
Penna. anth'te 74,607,068 73,156,709 ol,450,359 improvement of the waterways of the country, the
Ohio Valley Improvement Association be requested
Grand total. . .357,356,416 351,196,953 a6,159,463 to invite, within 30 days, one representative from
every waterway improvement association in the
a Net decrease.
country and such other persons as it may deem
The growth of the coal mining industry during
the last 25 years is shown in the following table:
proper to a conference at Cincinnati for the purpose
of devising and carrying out a plan for holding
a national waterway convention during the
Year. Quantity—Short tons. Value. early part of the next session of congress."
76,157,945
$ 95,640.396 On June 7, the board of United States engineers
85,881.030
124,349,380 appointed to investigate the increase of the Ohio
103,285,789
146,632,581 river to a nine-foot stage, will meet in Cincinnati.
115,212,125
159,494,855 The members of the engineering board are Lieu­
119,735,051
143,768,578 tenant Colonel Daniel W. Lockwood, Lieutenant
111,159,795
159,019,596 Colonel Ernest H. Ruffner. Lieutenant Colonel
113,680,027
Clinton B. Sears, Major George A. Zinn and Major
130,650,211
William L. Sibert, engineer in charge of local
improvement and the junior member of the board
appointed to investigate the matter. The board
will report on the cost of constructing a six-foot
as well as a nine-foot stage, as well as the cost of
maintenance, and the amount
present and prospective.
of commerce at
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
148,659,407
141,229,613
157,770,963
168,566,669
179,329,071
182.352,774
170,741,526
193,117,530
, .. . 191,986,357
200,229,199
219,976,267
253,741,192
269,684,027
293,299,816
301,590,439
357,356,416
351,196,953
THE OHIO RIVER INSPECTION.
154,600,176
182,498,737
190,881,012
160,226,323
176,804,573
191,133,135
207,566,381
208,438,696
186,141,564
197,799,043
196,640,166
198,897,178
208,023,250
256,094,234
306,688,164
348,926,069
367,032,069
503,724 381
445,643,528
The tour of inspection made by the members
of the rivers and harbors committee of congress,
from Pittsburgh to Cairo, on the steamer Queen
City, ended officially at the latter place on May
18, with the members of the conimittee practically
a unit in the opinion that the desired improvements
in the Ohio should be made with the least
possible delay. This was admitted long before
the end of the trip was reached as the committee
was met at every stopping place with statistical
WAGE AGREEMENTS ADJUSTED.
Wage agreements for the Harwick mine and the
mine of the Butts Cannel Coal Co., in the Pittsburgh
district of the Western Pennsylvania bituminous
field have been adjusted. A new system
of mining adopted resulted in a special scale
being made for the Harwick mine. For run-ofmine
the machine operators will receive 15.5 cents
per ton. For cutting narrow passages the company
will pay 9.5 cents per yard extra. Loaders
will get 28.5 cents per ton for run-of-mine, and
48.78 cents per ton for loading from narrows. The
Pittsburgh district scale will be effective with the
exception of the above changes. In the Butts
cannel coal mine the diggers will get $1 per ton
for run-of-mine; $1.65 for entry driving, when dry,
and $1.94 for wet entry driving. For break
through the men win get 66 cents, and for removing
slate 25 cents per yard. For air courses 45
cents will be paid.
All the scales for the Pittsburgh district are now
signed.

A COMPANY ORGANIZED AND CHARTERED
TO BUILD THE LAKE ERIE AND OHIO
RIVER SHIP CANAL.
Announcement was made on May 23 that a company
had been formed in Pittsburgh to build the
Lake Erie and Ohio river ship canal, and that
active work had already been begun. On May 4
a Pennsylvania charter for the company was issued
at Harrisburg and on May 25 incorporation
papers were filed at Columbus, O. Under the
Pennsylvania law of 1895 requiring that the capital
of the company shall be $25,000 per mile, the
capital stock of the company for preliminary purposes
was made $2,625,000, which amount will be
increased as soon as necessary. The capitalization
of the Ohio company is $10,000. It was incorporated
by Frank H. Robinson, Ralph W. Tourzeau,
Peter Grob. P. P. Snayle and C. M. Hartley.
The officers of the Pennsylvania company include
some of the best known men in Western Pennsylvania.
The list is as follows:
The officers of the company are: President, John
E. Shaw; vice-president, George A. Kelly, Jr.;
treasurer, William I. Jones; secretary, Burd S.
Patterson; chief engineer, George M. Lehman.
The directors are Henry Buhl, Jr., Edward J.
Lloyd, George W. Stewart, Charles A. Fagan,
James W. Wardrop, Emil Swensson, William J.
East, Thomas P. Roberts, William I. Jones, George
A. Kelly, Jr., John E. Shaw and Burd S. Patterson.
Announcement of the formation of the companies
was delayed owing to the necessity of
permitting the engineers to have the greatest latitude
in locating the best routes. Engineers had
been at work since the date on which the charters
were granted, under the supervision of George M.
Lehman, a civil engineer, who was in charge of
the field work of the canal commission of ten years
ago. The consulting engineers of the company are
Col. Thomas P. Roberts and Emil Swensson. It
is estimated that the total cost will be in the
neighborhood of $25,000,000, and five years is the
time estimated to complete the work. President
Shaw thinks that ground will be broken within
the year near the mouth of the Beaver river.
Coming on the heels of the projected nine-foot
stage of water in the Ohio river from Pittsburgh
to Cairo, and the deepening of the Erie canal to
12 feet, which had already been decided upon, the
promoters of the Lake Erie and Ohio river canal
are sanguine of success in their venture. They
plan to build a canal 12 feet deep at present, but
it is possible that plans will be changed and a
15-foot depth decided upon. The exact mouth of
the canal in Lake Erie has not been selected, but
it is probable that Ashtabula will be selected. The
canal will pass through Ashtabula. Trumbull and
Mahoning counties in Ohio to the point where the
Mahoning river strikes the Pennsylvania line, at
Lowellville, Lawrence county. The lower end of
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
it is to be started at the mouth of the Beaver
river.
In 1889 the Pennsylvania legislature appointed
a committee to inquire into the practicability of a
modern canal. Its report was that a canal could
be built for $30,000,000. In 1893 a provisional committee
was organized in Pittsburgh with 35 members.
This committee had a law passed authorizing
a ship canal company to be organized to construct
and operate a ship canal from the head
waters of the Ohio river via the Beaver and Mahoning
rivers. The committee also asked for a
national charter. The charter, however, was
not secured, although favorably acted upon by
various congressional committees. It is under
this state law that the present corporation was
organized and the charter secured.
RAILROAD MAN FAVORS RATE LAW.
At one of its recent sessions, the United States
senate committee on interstate commierce was
favored with the novelty of having a railway man
advocate the extension of the powers of the interstate
commerce commission. A. B. Stickney,
president of the Chicago Great Western railway,
in a communication to the committee, said that
the commission would be the most satisfactory
arbiter possible. Mr. Stickney thought that the
commission should be allowed to fix minimum as
well as maximum rates, or discrimination could
not be prevented.
President Ramsey, of the Wabash, concluded his
testimony before the committee by saying: "I
want to say as a railroad man who has been building
railroads since 1871, that there is not a railroad
in the country that has its cost represented
in its stock Their $13,000,000,000 of capital stock
do not represent the cost of the railroads of this
country. In olden times railroads were welcomed
as benefactors, and they were accorded liberal concessions.
To-day, the condition is very different.
I have recently had an experience in tuis respect.
I built 60 miles of railroad into Pittsburgh. We
had to pay for that 60 miles $40,000 a mile for the
right-of-way. We had to give them anything they
wanted. We paid whatever the people asked, because
we knew that if we took them before a jury
the jury would probably give them more than they
asked."
Following Mr. Ramsey a number of shippers
from various sections of the country were placed
on the stand. All of them protested against the
passage of the Esch-Townsend bill. Among these
was James B. Kerr, of Clearfield, Pa., formerly
secretary of the Democratic congressional committe,
who spoke for the bituminous coal operators.
He said:
"From the view-point of a shipper I believe the
proposition to give rate making power to the inter-

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
state commerce commission a dangerous experiment
that would necessarily result in mistakes
against which the public could not be protected.
The carriers would suffer if there was an injustice
to carriers. Rates are created by conditions and
cannot be maintained by men against conditions.
Proper rate adjustments are arrived at only by
a close study of conditions by those who are daily
and hourly in touch with the actual flow of business.
So far as the bituminous coal interests of
Pennsylvania are concerned, the question of rebates
being allowed to favored shippers is a thing
of the past."
TEXT OF ALLEGHENY WAGE
SCALE AS REAFFIRMED.
AT PITTSBURGH, April 7, 1905.
It is hereby agreed, that the present scale of
wages and conditions of employment be renewed
and continued for one year from April 1, 1905, to
March 31. 1906.
PAT. GILDAY, Chairman.
FOR PUNCHER MACHINES.
Pick mining rate shall be 55.34 cts. per ton.
Machine loading rate shall be. 31.24
Machine cutting rate shall be. 12.60
Roadmen 28% cts. per hr.
Assistant roadmen 25
Pipemen 25
Trappers 121-^.
Drivers 28%
Weighmen 25
Dumper 19
Trimmer 21
Assistant trimmer 17%
Blacksmith 25
Fireman 24
Checker 25
Turning rooms 1 50
Cut through between entries.. 25 cts. per yd.
Entry, narrow $1.50 to $2
5.55 per cent. off.
Entry gob 1.00 per yard.
All monthly men to be reduced 5.55 per cent.
Nothing to be paid for room turning where no
roof nor bottom are taken.
Eight hours actual work at place of work shall
constitute a days' work at all mines.
Check off shall be collected from the gross earnings,
when properly authorized by the individual
employes.
No Saturday half holiday shall be allowed under
this agreement.
Present conditions to remain where higher yardage
is paid.
The net prices mentioned in this agreement are
based on eight hours' work.
The prices quoted in this scale for yardage shall
be the prices paid under normal conditions. An
additional price shall be paid for abnormal conditions.
But upon the return of normal conditions
the price shall revert to the scale of price.
All questions as to normal conditions shall be
determined by the mine foreman or superintendent
and the mine committee.
The organization hereby agree to furnish all
check-off slips to all employes who shall signify
a willingness to pay the two and three per cent.
check-off.
Said sups to be signed by all employes who shall
desire to do so, and shall be binding during the
option of the signer.
Checkweighman or pit committee shall handle
said slips to obtain signature and witness the
same. Our organization will not countenance any
intimidations on the part of its members for the
purpose of obtaining signatures for the checkoff,
and we further agree to impress upon our members
fh" necessity of producing clean and marketable
coal.
QUARTERLY REPORT OF
INTERNATIONAL MINE WORKERS.
me report of the auditors of the International
Mine Workers of America, on the books and accounts
of Secretary-Treasurer W. B. Wilson, for
the quarter ending February 28, 1905, is as follows:
INCOME.
Tax $79,249.08
Supplies 1,870.80
Journal 1,643.64
Defense fund 65.17
Assessment 83,442.25
Miscellaneous 41,284.80
Total $20 f,555.74
EXPENDITURES.
Salaries and expenses $47,392.07
Supplies 4,936.21
Office expenses 967.48
Journal 2,013.66
Telephone, postage and express 1,870.49
Aid 310,661.12
Miscellaneous 21,199.06
Total $389,040.09
Balance on hand Dec. 1, 1904 $603,952.32
Balance on hand Feb. 28, 1905 $422,467.97
That Morning Appointment
In Wheeling Easily Kept by Going over Pennsylvania
Lines.
Only short ride. Parlor car trains leave Pittsburgh
Union Station 6.50 a. m., and 8.20 a. m.
Central time. Allows the day in Wheeling for
business. Return to Pittsburgh on afternoon or
evening trains. mj!5

THE ILLINOIS SHOT FIRERS'
BILL ENACTED INTO A LAW.
The Illinois house of representatives passed the
shot firers' bill, on May 5, by a vote of 101 to 2.
The state senate had previously passed the
measure by a vote of 48 to 2. On May 18
the measure was signed by Gov. Deneen and the
law will become effective July 1. Of three bills
affecting the operation of coal mines in Illinois
introduced at the late session of the legislature,
the shot firers bill was the only one that aroused
opposition on the part of the coal producers. The
other two provided for safety appliances and for
their inspection, conditions to which the operators
willingly assented. The bill provides that at all
coal mines in the state where more than two
pounds of powder are used for any one blast, a
sufficient number of practical experienced men,
to be designated as shot firers, shall be employed
by the company and at its expense, whose duty it
shall be to do all the firing of all blasts prepared
in a practical, workmanlike manner in the mines.
Immediately after the completion of tlieir work
the shot firers shall post notices, indicating the
number of sliots fired, and the number, if any, not
fired, specifying room and entry and giving reasons
for not firing, and also keep a permanent
record of their work. The superintendent is not
to permit the shot firers to do any blasting until
every employe except the shot firers are out of the
mine. Penalties are provided for a violation of the
law.
The passage of this bill was due to its active advocacy
by the United Mine Workers of the state.
The operators opposed it on the ground that under
its operation accidents were likely to be multiplied.
The effort of the miners to secure this
legislation was also construed by many of the producers
as a violation of the annual wage contract.
The Illinois Coal Operators' Association held a
meeting at Springfield, before the bill was signed,
and decided that the mine workers of the state
should be required to reimburse their employers
for the additional expense occasioned in complying
with the law. A communication, requesting
a definite statement as to what responsibility they
intended to assume and what attitude they intended
to take in regard to the added cost of production
was drafted and presented to the mine
workers through the headquarters of their state
organization.
To this letter no reply has-yet been made, and
it may be that a state convention of the mine
workers may have to be called before a definite
reply can be made.
The indictment returned several months ago
against Joseph Leiter for importing laborers into
Zeigler under armed guards has been quashed.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
J. H. SANFORD, OF THE CLYDE COAL CO., OF
PITTSBURGH, GOES TO THE EMPIRE
COAL MINING CO., OPERATING IN BEL­
MONT COUNTY, OHIO, AS GENERAL
MANAGER.
The Empire Coal Mining Company, owned by
Pittsburghers and holding upward of 30,000 acres
of the best coal property in Belmont county, Ohio,
has elected J. H. Sanford of the Clyde Coal Company
of Pittsburgh as general manager. Mr. Sanford
retains his ownership in the Clyde Coal Co.
but leaves its general managership to develop the
new property in Ohio and will make his headquarters
at Bellaire, Ohio. He succeeds Louis P.
Newman, who promoted the organization of the
Empire company. Mr. Sanford is well known as
one of the most able coal operators in the country,
having devoted his entire life to the indust".'.
MR. JESSE HOMER SANFORD
He entered the business with his father. M. F.
Sanford, who has also given his entire career to
the coal trade and is the head of me Pittsburgh
Vein Coal Co., with headquarters in Pittsburgh.
Jesse Homer Sanford was born in Vienna, iTumbull
county, Ohio, December 16, 1861. riis mother,
Ostia L. Leet Sanford, descended on the maternal
side of her family from the Woodfords of the
Western Reserve of Ohio. Both sides of Mr. Sanford's
family descend from veterans of the Revolutionary
war and on the paternal side from the
early Puritans. Timothy Alderman, Mr. Sanford's
paternal ancestor who served in the Revolution,
was born and reared in West Avon, Conn., and
the home in which he was born is still standing
there. The family moved to the Western Re-

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
serve of Ohio about a century ago. Mr. Sanford's
maternal ancestors were also among the early
settlers of that section, coming from New York
state.
The Sanfords moved to Youngstown, Ohio, when
Jesse H. Sanford was ten years old; then to Dunbar,
Fayette county. Pa., in 1875, the younger
Sanford meantime getting his early schooling and
going to work in the mines and about the store
of the Mahoning Coke Co., which his father established
at Dunbar. J. H. Sanford took a course at
the Stevens institute, Hoboken, N. J., 1881 to 1884,
when he became associated with the Morse Bridge
Co. at Youngstown, Ohio, for two years. He came
to Pittsburgh to join his father in the firm of
Sanford & Son, operating in Toms and Panther
Runs. J. H. Sanford was superintendent of these
mines till 1889 when he bought and operated U.e
Leesdale mine in the Panhandle field. The father
and son then bought the Boyd mine at Walker
Mills, Pa., later forming the Lake Superior Coal
Co. which developed an old mine formerly operated
by the Pittsburgh Fuel Co. on Toms Run. The
Pittsburgh Coal Co. on its formation took over
these properties and Mr. Sanford was made superintendent
of the district in which he and
his father had been operating, leaving in June,
1900, to take up the development of the Clyde
property as general manager.
STEPS TOWARD FEDERATION OF
BITUMINOUS OPERATORS OF
THE ORGANIZED FIELDS.
At the meeting in Chicago on May 22 and 23,
of coal operators and commissioners and secretaries
of coal operators' associations, a formal
organization was effected and additional steps
taken which are likely to result in the formation
of a federation of bituminous operators covering
all the organized fields of the country. The latter
suggestion was presented in the form of a report
prepared by a committee appointed at the last
conference of commissioners and secretaries held
at Indianapolis; some time ago, outlining the
benefits to be derived from an association of this
character and reforms that should be accomplished
in connection with the joint agreement.
The various evils and abuses which exist generally
in connection with bituminous production
were recounted and conclusive arguments were
advanced showing that it would be impossible to
eliminate them until the coal operators stood together
as a unit. The movement urged in the
report seems to be the only practicable means for
securing the enforcement of contracts with the
miners' organization, the preservation of proper
rights and the adequate punishment of the class
of employes whose misconduct ranges from petty
to criminal. The report was thoroughly complete
and comprehensive, covering the points at issue
so well as to form a stable groundwork on which
to proceed with the movement which probably will
take tangible shape at the next meeting of the
commissioners and secretaries' organization which
is to be held at Columbus, 0., in August.
The meeting was attended by the following commissioners
and secretaries of commissions: George
W. Schluederberg, Pittsburgh, Pa., in charge of
the interests of the Pittsburgh Coal Co.; W. H.
Zimmerman, commissioner of the Brazil Block
Coal Operators' Association of Indiana; P. H.
Penna, secretary and treasurer of the Indiana BitumHnous
Coal Operators' Assciation; John P.
Reese, commissioner and secretary of the Iowa
Coal Operators' Association; Herman Justi, commissioner
of the Illinois Coal Operators' Association;
C. L. Scroggs, secretary of the commission
of the Illinois Coal Operators' Association; S. W.
Kniffin, secretary of the Southwestern Interstate
Coal Operators' Association; Thomas W. Davis,
commissioner of the Michigan Coal Operators' Association;
D. C. Kennedy, commissioner of the
Kanawha Coal Association, Charleston, W. Va.;
Patrick McBryde, commissioner of the Panhandle
Coal Operators' Association and the No 8 district
operators. In addition a number of prominent
coal operators were present at the meeting, including
J. C. Kolsem, president of the Indiana
Bituminous Coal Operators' Association; B. F.
Bush, president of the Southwestern Coal Operators'
Association, and C. H. Morris, president of
the Iowa Coal Operators' Association. Many leading
operators from Indiana, Iowa and Illinois were
also in attendance during the convention. Colonel
Zimmerman, of the Brazil Block district, acted as
temporary chairman and C. L. Scroggs, of Illinois,
as temporary secretary. Mr. Scroggs, after the
formal organization was effected, was made permanent
secretary and Herman Justi was elected president.
Special Home-Seekers' Excursions via
Pennsylvania Lines.
Anyone contemplating a trip west may take
advantage of the reduced fares for the special
Homeseekers' excursions via Pennsylvania Lines
to points in Colorado, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota,
Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, the Dakotas,
Oregon, Washington, Texas and other sections in
the west and in all the states of the south. Stopover
privileges permit travelers to investigate
business openings. These tickets will be on sale
certain dates during the summer. Detailed information
as to fares, through time, etc., will be
freely furnished upon application to J. K. Dillon,
District Passenger Agent, 515 Park building, Pittsburgh,
Pa. ij

NEW EXPLOSIVES ALLOWED IN
THE BRITISH COAL MINES.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The British home secretary has issued an order
permitting the use of new explosives in coal mines
in addition to those previously permitted.
The following is a complete list of explosives
permitted under the old coal mines orders: Albionite,
ammonal, ammonal B, ammonite, amvis,
aphosite, arkite, bellite No. 1, bellite No. 3, bobbinite,
britonite, cambrite, carbonite, celtite, clydite,
colliery cheddite, dahmenite A, dragonite,
electronite, Faversham powder, fracturite, geloxite,
haylite No. 1, kynite, negro powder, Nobel
ammonia powder No. 1, Nobel ammonia powder
No. 2, Nobel ardeer powder, Nobel carbonite, normanite,
permitite, phoenix powder, pitite, roburite
No. 3, saxonite, stowite, thunderite, victorite. westfalite
No. 1, westfalite No. 2.
Abbcite, minite, monobel powder and russelite
are the names of the new explosives which can
now be used. Their ingredients are as follows:
Parts by weight.
ABBCITE—
Not more than: Not less than:
Nitrate of ammonium 82 78
Nitroglycerin 11 9
Woodmeal (dried at 100° C.) 10 8
Moisture 2.5 1.5
Parts by weight.
MINITE—
Not more than: Not less than:
Nitrate of ammonium 92 87
Nitroglycerin 11 9
Oxalate of ammonium 2 0.5
Moisture 0.5
Parts by weight.
MONOBEL POWDER—
Not more than: Not less than:
Nitrate of ammonium 82 78
Nitroglycerine 11 9
Woodmeal (dried at 100° C.) 10 8
Moisture 2.5 0.5
Parts by weight.
RUSNEI.ITK—
Not more than: Not less than:
Nitroglycerin 42 40
Nitrocotton 2.75 1.75
Nitrate of potassium 26 24
Woodmeal (dried at 100° C.) 5 3
Moisture 1 0
Carbonate of calcium 0.5 0
Oxalate of ammonium 24 22
Trinitrotoluol 6.5 4.5
Advance sheets of the forthcoming annual report
of the mine inspector of Missouri show that
the tonnage of the state for 1904 was 4,115,695
tons, a decrease of 149,633 tons from the 1903
production.
.",7
MINE INSPECTORS NAMED.
Chief Roderick, of the department of mines, has
certified to Governor Pennypacker the following
persons for appointment as mine inspectors for
the bituminous regions, and commissions have
been issued to them:
First district, Henry Louttit, Monongahela; second
district, Chauncey B. Ross, Greensburg; third
district, Thomas K. Adams, Mercer; fourth district,
Elias Phillips, Dubois; fifth district, Isaac
G. Roby, Uniontown; sixth district, Joshua T.
Evans, Johnstown; seventh district, John I. Pratt,
tburgh; eighth district, Joseph Knapper, Philipsburg;
ninth district, Thomas D. Williams,
Johnstown; tenth district, Joseph Williams, Altoona;
eleventh district, William J. Neilson, Wilson;
twelfth district, Roger Hampson, Punxsutawney;
thirteenth district, Alexander McCouch,
Jr., Pittsburgh; fourteenth district, F. W. Cunningham,
Wilkinsburg; fifteenth district, Alexander
Montieth, Patton; sixteenth district, David
Young, Uniontown.
Of the 38 applicants before the Pittsburgh session
of the board of examiners appointed by the
governor of Pennsylvania to examine candidates
for the position of mine inspectors, 22 were successful.
Those who received certificates but will
not get appointments unless vacancies occur are:
John I. Pratt, Pittsburgh; C. P. McGregor, Saltsburg;
Nicholas Evans, Johnstown; J. F. Bell, Star
Junction; Thomas S. Louther, McKees Rocks; and
Adolph Cook, Hannastown. The board has redistricted
the state, making 16 districts instead
of 15, the new one being at Brownsville. It will
include the river mines and Klondike or most of
them. Thirteen of the 16 new inspectors will
succeed themselves.
ATLANTIC PORT COAL SHIPMENTS.
A comparative summary of the shipments of
coal by water from Atlantic ports during first
three months of 1904 and 1905 is as follows:
ANTHRACITE.
1904. 1905.
New York 2,879,172 3,175,511
Philadelphia 357,129 400,197
Baltimore 36,059 35,292
Newport News
Norfolk
Total 3,272,360 3,611,000
BITUMINOUS.
1904. 1905.
New York 1,890,414 2,021,998
Philadelphia 605,638 679,686
Baltimore 409,229 472,908
Newport News 543,689 607,878
Norfolk 418,897 478,682
Total 3,867,867 4.261,152

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
TENNESSEE COAL AND IRON.
The outcome of the stockholders' meeting of the
Tennessee Coal & Iron Co., held at Tracey City,
Tenn., May 2, shows that the present management
has full control. The new directors are John E.
Borne, president of the Colonial Trust Co., and
Andrew W. Smith, one of the company's largest
stockholders; Joseph B. Dickson, of New York, and
Charles McCrery, of Birmingham, retired. The
former requested the management not to re-elect
him, while the latter recently resigned as vicepresident
and general manager of the company to
go with the Woodward Iron Co., of Alabama. J.
Henry Smith, Fi S. Witherbee and Herman S.
Leroy were re-elected.
The directorate is now made up as follows:
Don H. Bacon, William Barbour, Albert B. Boardman,
Henry R. Sloat. J. Henry Smith, F. S. Witherbee,
John E. Borne, Andrew W. Smitn, Herman
S. Leroy, Cord Meyer, S. L. Schoonmaker, Benjamin
F. Tracy and James T. Woodward.
At the meeting of the board of directors in New
York, on May 16, Chairman Bacon presented the
report for the year ending December 31, 1905.
While the report showed a heavy decrease in earnings
and surplus from the previous year, it was
confidently stated that the outlook for the present
year was of the brightest. The effects of the
labor troubles of last year had been overcome, it
was announced, and the majority of the coal
plants brought to a much higher state of efficiency
by the establishment of system and discipline and
the introduction of mining machinery which could
not be used, with profit, during the time the mines
were operated with union men. '1 ne following
table shows the company's income and expenditures
during the last fiscal year:
Gross sales and earnings $9,535,404.12
Deduct cost of operating, repairs and
maintenance, and general expense.. 7,972,606.91
Net earnings from operation $1,562,797.21
Deduct interest on bonds and other interest
761,583.24
Net profits $ 801,213.97
Deduct for depreciation 256,225.28
Balance forward $ 544,988.69
Deduct sinking fund on T. C. I. 5 per
cent, gold bonds 48,730.00
Balance $ 496,258.69
Dividends on preferred stock outstanding
la,006.23
Surplus for the year $ 477,252.46
Surplus as on Dec. 31, 1904 1,734,162.50
Deduct sinking fund for years 1902
and 1903 on T. C. I. & R. R. 5 per
cent, gold bonds 89,080.00
Balance $1,645,082.50
Add surplus for the year 1904 (as
above) 477,252.46
Total surplus Dec. 31, 1904 $2,122,334.96
An Indiana company, with a capital of $o0,000,
has been formed for the avowed purpose of "splitting
the coal trust," by making and marketing
an artificial coal to be composed of ordinary earth
and certain chemicals. No reports have been received
up to this writing of anyone being injured
in the scramble of coal producers and dealers to
get out of reach of the splitting operation.
* * *
The officials of the South Wales Miners' Federation
decided on a "stop day," or holiday for
miners at occasional intervals and proceeded to
enforce it. The mine owners sued the organization,
for breach of contract, won its case and was
sustained by the House of Lords. Now the mine
workers will have to pay out something like
$500,000 in damages.
* * *
Chairman Burton, of the congressional rivers
and harbors committee, seems to be pretty well
convinced now that Cleveland is not the only
town in Ohio and that Ohio is not the only commonwealth
in the Union.
* * *
Statisticians as a class are frequently accused
of "boosting" figures on home products but the
government report on the production of coal shows
that almost without exception the local estimates
were under the mark.
* * *
The cry "Cotton is King," is no longer the slogan
of the South. Coal is now recognized as the
sovereign commercial element in every state in the
Union.
* * *
And now comes the season when the ice man
must stand in the breach and the coal man is no
longer under the concentrated fire of all creation.
* * *
An Inoiana woman has broken into the coal
trade patent field and has produced a device which
is likely to bring her both fame and fortune.
'ine large coaling station of the Norfolk &
Western railroad and the adjoining sand house
at Bluefield, W. Va., were burned recently. Loss
$30,000, partly covered by insurance.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
THE BROOKLYN AND MANHATTAN TUNNEL.
The expenditure of millions of dollars in Greater
New York in subways and tunnel work is attracting
considerable attention, owing to the difficult
engineering problems encountered and sub-surface
tunneling methods employed by the various contracting
firms who are executing the work. The
accompanying illustration shows a photographic
view of the Brooklyn and Manhattan tunnel pumping
station, situated on the Brooklyn side in the
tunnel. This tunnel is now in the course of con-
struction under the East river, the Brooklyn shaft
being at Furman and Jarolsman streets, and will
connect the Brooklyn subway with the Interborough
Rapid Transit Subway at the southern end
of Manhattan Island in Battery Park. The overhead
construction of the tunnel is clearly shown
with the sectional cast iron lining.
Soon after ground was broken for the tunnel, it
was necessary to install a pumping plant to pro-
The Brooklyn and Manhattan Pumping Station.
vide for the disposition of the water, and the accompanying
illustration shows a Cameron regular
pattern piston station pump, 14"xl0%"xl8", of the
light service type, in position in the tunnel, about
100 feet from the Brooklyn shaft. By a careful
observation on the left hand side of view, the
reader will notice a bulkhead, consisting of a
solid brick wall built across the entire tunnel.
This wall is built entirely of brick, being three
feet thick, and heavily braced with timbers, and
forms the compressed air chamber situated on
the further side of the bulkhead, where the air
pressure is maintained at 20 lbs. per square inch.
The tunnel is being driven by the "pneumatic
shield" method.
The entrance into the workings of the tunnel
is accomplished through the two air locks, which
are also shown in the view. The lower air lock,
which is 6' 6" in diameter, is used for the exit of

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
material, which is removed by cars on a trackway.
The upper air lock is an emergency lock for use
by the men in escaping in case of the flooding of
the tunnel. The accumulation of water in the
excavation is forced out of the air chamber by
means of the air pressure through a pipe built
within the bulkhead, the water thus falling to a
sump outside of the wall, from which it is pumped
to the surface, the lift being 60'.
Owing to the water being very dirty and gritty,
the water cylinder of this pump is supplied with
a removable iron bushing. The pump is operated
by compressed air, the exhaust of wliich is delivered
into the compressed air chamber of the
tunnel, where it is again utilized. The Cameron
pumps are especially adapted for this work, being
compact and strongly built, having few working
parts, and no outside valve gear nor rods to become
broken or to get out of alignment. The construction
of their operative mechanism is such as
to give equal efficiency with compressed air or
with steam. The A. S. Cameron Steam Pump
Works, having their general offices and works at
the foot of East Twenty-third street, New York,
manufacture these pumps. Over a score of Cameron
horizontal plunger and piston pumps are in
service at various parts of this tunnel; in fact,
over a hundred are solving the unwatering problems
in numerous parts of New York's subways
and tunne's. W. I. Aims is the engineer in charge
of the work for the New York Tunnel Co., and to
him we are indebted for the foregoing information
and illustration.
A jury at Rutland. Vt.. has awarded to the Patch
Manufacturing Co., of that p'.ac-e, a verdict for
$2,500 damages against the local machinists'
union. In 1903, members of Protection Lodge No.
215, machinists' union of Rutland, went on a
strike against the Lincoln Iron Works of Rutland,
whicn are located within the property of the F. R.
Patch Manufacturing Co. The usual methods of
picketing, urging applicants for work to avoid the
place, were followed, and tne Patch company
brought suit against the union on the ground of
a conspiracy to prevent it from employing help
and to injure its property. If the union fails to
pay, the Patch company will issue execution on
the judgment and in default of collection will
proceed against its members one at a time.
* * *
The annual convention of the Western Federation
of Miners was opened at Salt Lake City, Utah,
on May 22. The principal matter to be decided
is the attitude which the federation shall assume
toward the movement for the organization of a
new industrial labor body of national scope and
which will culminate in a convention to be held
in Chicago this month at the call of Eugene V.
Debs. The Western Federation of Miners has
always held aloof from the American Federation
of Labor and it is therefore considered probable
that the Debs movement will receive its support.
* * *
Six hundred miners employed by the Pennsylvania
Coal Co., who had been on strike because
the company used two of its own men as check
docking bosses, returned to work at Wilkesbarre,
Pa., on May 15, the company having agreed to install
the men selected b.v the miners as docking
bosses. The agreement provided for the discharge
of the old "bony" boss and for the installation of
a new one elected by the miners.
* * •
The mine workers throughout the anthracite
region are now casting their ballots for the election
of officers. The results will be made known
when the convention meets in July. Practically
all the old officers will be returned. President
John Mitchell is expected to begin his work in the
region in the near future.
* * *
The mounment erected in memory of the victims
of the Harwick mine disaster was unveiled
and dedicated yesterday. ViceP'resident T. L.
Lewis, of the International United Mine Workers,
made the principal address.
* * *
The coal hoisting engineers at Providence. R. I.,
struck on May 16 for recognition of their union.
closing all the yards/ir* tiie city except that of
the Eastern Coal Co.', whicn was being operated
by non-union men.
* * *
Twenty-four of the forty-four applicants' who
took the examination for mine foremen' and assistant
mine foremen certificates, held at Wilkesbarre,
Pa., on May 8 and 9, passed successfully.
* * *
The strike at St. Clairsville, O.. affecting 200
miners, has been settled, the men returning to
work. The strike grew out of the discharge of
one of the union employes.
Examinations in 15 districts of the bituminous
coal field were begun on May 17 for mine foremen,
fire bosses and assistant fire bosses.
Two Practical Papers on Mining.
The big steel freighter, James P. Walsh, was
launched at the Craig shipyards at Toledo, O., on
May 16. The vessel is being built for the Ohio
Steamship Co.. and is named for James P. Walsh,
general manager of sales for the Pittsburgh Coal
Co., of Pittsburgh. The contract price is $375,-
000.

THE INDIANA CONSOLIDATIONS.
The following tables present a summary of the
recent combinations of Indiana coal interests, together
with the announced cost of the various
properties:
SOUTHERN INDIANA COAI. CO.
Midland mines $170,000
Tower Hill mines 200.000
Lattas Creek mines 225,000
Linton semi-block 250,000
Mammoth vein 250,1100
Letsinger mines 100.000
Hoosier mines, 1, 2 60,000
Undeveloped coal fields 100,000
Total $1,355,000
THE INDIANA SOUTHERN COAI. CO.
Greene Hill mine $35,000
Citizens' mine 30.00(1
Shelburn mine 250.000
Indiana Hocking mine 200,000
Alum Cave mine 75,000
Forest Hill mine 225,000
Cummings mine 175,000
Wash. Fuel Co.'s mine 125,000
Gilmour mine 225,000
Total $1,340,000
J. K. DERING COAL CO.
Westville mines, 1, 2. 3, 4 $1,750,000
Ind. Fuel Co. mines, 1, 2 500.000
Bruiletts Creek (3) mines.... 300,000
The Rhoades shaft 100,000
W. S. Bogle C. Co., at Burnett 125.000
"Sunny Jim" mine 60,000
The Woolley Mildred mine... 125,000
The Wilfred mine 200.000
Willow Grove mine 30,000
Montgomery Coal Co. (111.).. 45,000
Total $3,235,000
THE EASTERN SYNDICATE (VANDERBILT RAILWAYS).
North Jackson Hill M. Co $250,000
Hymera Coal & Mining Co 375,000
Harder & Hafer Min. Co 375,000
Union Coal Co 275.000
W. S. Bogle Coal & M. Co 280.000
Kellar Coal Co 300.000
Sullivan County Coal Co 160,000
Total $2,015,000
J. SMITH TALLEY COMBINATION.
Lawton mine $175,000
Diamond mine 150.(100
The Bon Ton mine 150,000
Little Giant mine 275,000
Shirley Hill mines. 1. 2 650,000
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 11
Eureka Block C. Co. No. 5... 250,0u0
Twin mine 2511,000
Total $1,900,000
TIIK FREEMAN-DICKASON MERGER.
Island Valley mines, 3. 4 $350,000
Black Creek mine 250.0O0
Greene Valley mine 350,000
Black Hawk mine 250,000
Dickason mine 250,000
Antioch mine 250.000
Total $1,700,000
RECAPITULATION.
Southern Indiana Coal Co $1,355,000
Indiana Southern Coal Co.... 1,340.0^0
J. K. Dering Coal Co 3.235,000
Eastern syndicate 2,015,000
J. Smith Talley combination.. 1,900,000
Freeman-Dickason merger.... 1.700,000
Total $11,545,000
)•••«, PERSONAL. >••*(
The officers of the Pittsburgh-Buffalo Co. and
the mine superintendents and foremen were entertained
on the evening of May 2(1 at a banquet
at tbe Union Club, Pittsburgh, at which Mr. James
Jones, the founder of the Jones interests, presided.
Mr. Jones recently celebrated the seventieth
anniversary of his birthday.
1
An inspection party, in charge of General Manager
W. G. Cronkright. made an inspection on
May 20, of the mines and coke ovens at North
Ligonier, of the Old Colony Coal & Coke Co. At
the conclusion of the examination the party returned
to Ligonier where a banquet was served at
the Ligonier Springs hotel.
Announcement is made that Mr. Roy Rainey
will upon his return from the European tour he
is now making, assume full charge of the W. J.
Rainey interests. No official changes are announced
and it is given out that the officers of
the conipany will remain at Connellsville, Pa.
Mr. Charles H. Spencer, formerly the general
agent at Pittsburgh for the H. C. Frick Coke Co.,
has been appointed general manager of the Hecla
Coke Co. and Mr. J. D. McCreary, late assistant
auditor, has been made secretary and treasurer
of the Hecla Co.
The Mexican Coal & Coke Co. has declared a
semi-annual dividend of 3 per cent.

4 2 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
PENNSYLVANIA COAL STATISTICS.
The following abstract from the report for 1904 of Chief Roderick of the Pennsylvania bureau
of mines, shows the number of tons of coal mined, shipped, used at collieries, sold to local trade
and used by employes; number of tons of coke produced; number of days worked; number of per­
sons employed; number killed and injured; amount of powder and dynamite used, etc.
BITUMINOUS.
I
4
S
'.1
111
11
12
13
14
15
o
•J,
a
§s
§3
m."
0 •-
c
ai-m
§3
°3
w
em
6,416,279
3,065,668
4,282,096
1,121,70s
7,566,452
3,462,833
4,057,331
3.115,626
973,881
7,131,482
7,100,44:1
Ii.7:i2,244
6,382,672
Totals, 1004 70,54:1,520
Totals, 1903 SI,127,701
Totals, 10112 74,092,062
Totals, 1901 50,(174.0:11
Totals, 1800 58,564.954
1
4
8
10
11
12
13
14
15
tti
-J
0
VI
3
Totals,
'totals.
Totals,
Totals,
Totals.
(1004)
(1003)
(10021
(1001)
(1000)
•3
fla
3 a!
y
4,042,050
3,316.398
3,889,676
5,000,457
4,110,004
3,887,173
4,472.00(1
5,070,132
5,080,704
3,402,321',
3,303,666
2,071 527
2,040,384
4.271,103
1,300,42(1
08.158,288
00,231,104
31,551,813
53,447,002
45.271.008
JJo
© ci
cn
,r. CD
o
Z" 3
mi S OJ
'y.
150,712
240,562
110,0:12
213,711
221,384
188,349
7:1,02.".
181,425
102,137
161,232
174,319
111,865
207,:i47
10(1,714
2.412.047
2,351,022
1,002.40(1
1,435,661
1,327,256
. tu
§° 2
3 ofl
y,
300.314
284.277
244.314
22:1,028
318 534
386,735
480,700
411.557
838.745
405,838
402,410
401.000
302,858
553.SS2
244,821
0,171,748
5,710.341
4,424,770
5.270,375
4.880.032
O J,
^ Zt -)
5- =
fl* a
m O m
y
71,842
87,844
34,570
40.00s
00,071
55,743
43.051
13,302
88,194
31.004
111,283
34,421
4S.427
141,007
37,251
043,237
807,223
898,024
1,008,457
723.731
O to
£»*3
'3
0
O
0
0
0 .
^ m
0,328,393
8,458,687
3,105,515
4,524,189
8,585,876
0.725.207
7,798,752
3.504.447
7.500,0011
3.711,518
11 507 023
8,512,535
7,21:0.735
7,171,198
0.025,502
00.000,107
103,713,982
OS,040,203
80 014,230
3 ° cl
79,318,962
57,301
37,51(1
240,3.34
01.707
48,277
70.338
240,201
(10,004
152,361
4(i'.S05
38,48(1
02,028
100 533
38,802
1,370,222
1 .230,5011
034,057
1,178.074
1.004 778
cu
O
IM
O n
„fl
38,690
1.170,000
S!I0
42.321
41152.120
247,(150
8,510
2,224,174
308,476
3,605,858
628,117
02,355
13,281.475 1(1,0711,754
14,286,995 21,213,35S
14.041.001
13 125.150
12.1S5.112
a
g
z *
*3 -y
«o 1°
CM
O QJ
OTj
OT c5
0 ~
H
ANTHRACITE.
%, cn
P.O
p."
4,400,355
3,038,104
4,380,324
4JW.715
4,344,240
5,208,57(1
0,178,053
0,071,(100
4 1150.407
3,812,077
3,501,070
3,000,1711
4,925,578
1,074,142
05,700 258
67,171,951
36,911,549
50.005,051
51,217.318
47.350
1,714,002
1,335
70,303
7,154.320
371.SKI
14,297
3,234,040
401,701
5.321,227
1,172,313
98,865
a-*
20.".
18(1
183
187
207
108
210
1110
240
242
217
22(1
253
213
211
110
105
171
Production in tons of 2.000 pounds:
tri
cu
0
CD
M
O
0
O
a
y.
3S1
5,072
51
3411
12,274
260
106
5,483
1.408
10,250
2,042
44
025
38,042
47,705
34,423
31,845
30,120
y,
eft
•a
•M
O
a
3
11.184
10,440
0,720
11.335
12,007
11,332
12,527
12,254
15,302
0 728
0,12s
8,884
8.23(1
14.3.45
4.305
161,330
151,827
148,141
147,051
143.820

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
THE PULSE OF THE MARKETS.
»»»»»f»»»f»»»»»»» iifiimi
With the exception of Chicago and the lower
lake region which have not held their own during
the last fortnight, the condition of the general
coal market continues to show improvement. In
Chicago the teamsters' strike has materially affected
the sales of both hard and soft coal but the
dealers in the latter are feeling the effects of the
situation to the greatest extent. The general
western situation is practically unchanged with
the demand fair. In the southwest, coal freight
rate reductions have helped to some extent and
while there is no particular boom conditions are
fair. In the extreme south the market is easy
with conditions about normal. The industrial
section of the south is still pushing production and
consuming all that is produced. Conditions in
this market were never better and it continues to
provide an outlet for all the surplus coal and coke
for which southern West Virginia shippers are
able to obtain transportation. In the latter field
production is limited only by shipping facilities.
The Pittsburgh field is at the maximum point of
production, with every mine in the district running
to its full capacity. The May rise in the
Ohio was of sufficient duration to enable river
shippers to get back with enough empty craft to
replace those which carried out some 6,000,000
bushels of coal and the river mines are sure of a
steady summer's work. The Pittsburgh Coal Co.
has reopened a number of mines that had been
closed indefinitely and in others it has increased
the output to such an extent that on the whole
some 7.000 or 8,000 miners have been benefited
either by getting back to work or by increased
earnings. Price quotations are unchanged, run-ofmine
being held at $1.00 to $1.05.
Renewed activity is becoming apparent in the
coke market and good quality furnace is in good
demand despite the usual summer shut-downs for
repairs, etc. Low-grade furnace coke continues to
remain a drug on the market. Washeries are
being established at several plants in the lower
Connellsville region in the hope of improving the
product and there is some talk of a consolidation
of producers of high sulphur coke. There is
practically no buying of coke for future delivery
and a merry scramble to get under cover is promised
when the shorts begin to come in. Foundry
coke is in good demand with prices quoted at
$2.65 to $2.80. No. 1 furnace commands $1.S0 to
$1.90.
The eastern bituminous market is in a somewhat
better condition. There is an increased demand
and stocks at tidewater points are down to
normal. Prices are maintained fairly well. Indications
tend to show that consumers are willing to
take on coal now that it is easy to get, and by so
doing to secure advantages. Production at mines
is proportionately curtailed at this moment, while
the increased demand has caused a slight shortage
of coal at tidewater in some individual cases.
Trade in the far east shows an increased demand.
Coal has accumulated at some of the ports, but
stocks are now being disposed of. Trade along
the sound is quiet, consumers apparently working
with what coal they have on hand. New York
harbor business shows a better tone, while prices
remain at the same level. Transportation from
mines to tide is good, although showing slight irregularities.
Car supply is up to demand, provided
that the receivers take prompt care of their
cargoes upon arrival. Vessels in the coastwise
trade are scarce and in demand.
The anthracite market is moving with nearly its
customary activity although not quite so briskly
as in the first months of last year. April orders
have all been filled and already some shippers are
refusing to guarantee deliveries before the end of
the present month, and at May prices, thus indicating
that their orders on hand will absorb all
of their immediate supply. The all-rail trade is
growing beyond expectations in spite of insufficient
supply of rolling stock and inadequate terminal
facilities. As a result of congestion at junction
points, arising from this condition, the line trade
suffers greater delays than the tide-water deliveries,
while for the same reason, production is being
limited by the diminution of its car supply at the
mines.
Hull, Blyth & Co.. of London and Cardiff, report
the market quiet and unchanged with quotations
as follows: Best Welsh steam coal, $3.42; seconds,
$3.30; thirds, $3.06; dry coals, $3.18; best
Monmouthshire, $3.06; seconds, $2.94; best small
steam coal. $2.28: seconds, $2.16; other sorts. $2.04.
Shortage of coal in the far East, due to the
great demand for it by the Russian and Japanese
fleets, is causing considerable inconvenience to
merchant steamers. James J. Hill, president of
the Great Northern railway, has made an urgent
request to the navy department for permission to
purchase from the American naval supply in the
Orient enough to accommodate the steamship Minnesota
on her return trip to the Pacific coast. Mr.
Hill stated he had found it impossible to get the
coal in the east.

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
INCREASED DEMAND FOR MINING
MACHINERY IN SOUTH AFRICA.
The South African engineering correspondent of
the London Times, in a recent letter says:
"Now that the long lane of depression extending
throughout South Africa has been successfully
negotiated and an era of prosperity, probably
greater than any previously experienced, is practically
assured, a survey of the actual conditions
under which the British engineering industry is
carried on and the outlook will prove of interest.
The chief causes for the satisfactory improvement
in gold mining, which have at once been reflected
in the commercial section of the country
are, first, the restarting of the mines and the development,
of them, and second, the satisfactory
results of the experiment of importing Chinese
labor. Notwithstanding all the theoretical criticism,
mainly adverse, the practical proofs have
fully justified the step, for the increase of white
labor, due entirely to the addition of nearly 92,000
coolies, has represented 8.3 per cent, in about four
months. It is further estimated that the increase
will amount to 10 per cent, of the newly imported
unskilled labor.
"Nearly every mineral is found and worked in
various districts, but the principal are gold, coal,
copper and tin. Diamond mining has, of course,
always been a very valuable industry, and particularly
during the past year, when some extraordinarily
rich "finds" have been reported. The
gold output for 1904 amounted to £17.025,355
< $82,843,890), that of coal £883,891 ($4,301,456),
diamonds £1,185,083 ($5,767,206). The quantity
of explosives manufactured in South Africa represented
5.208 tons; that imported 1.514 tons, making
in all 6,722 tons. The amount spent by the
mines on stores and machinery was £9,000,000
($43,798,500). The output of one diamond mine,
viz.. the appropriately named Premier, was 749,-
653 1 /; carats, which produced a net gain of £607,-
738 ($2,975,570), or, roughly speaking, £1 ls. 6d.
($5.23) every minute of the past year.
"A prominent feature in mining gold. coal. tin.
etc., in South Africa has been the remarkable increase
in the demand for electrically-driven machinery.
Hauling, lifting, pumping and lighting
are fast being accomplished by its use. For lifting
purposes a motor of the 3-phase induction
type, working at a pressure of 500 volts, is a representative
one, and is capable of driving 125
horsepower. Where the depth is moderate 50horsepower
motors are frequently employed.
There is just now quite a craze among South
African mining engineers for the newest and best
electric plants for hauling and lifting purposes.
Pumping is gradually being performed by means
of electric power, the well known centrifugal
pumps being largely used. These are also driven
by steam, oil motors and turbines, and are a vital
necessity to many mines. For lighting purposes
a vast and ever-increasing supply of plant and
fittings are required.
"As a rule, this work is done nowadays by electricity,
on account of the handiness and con­
venience of the system, the motor being placed
wherever desired, as against the inconvenience and
loss of power occasioned by old-time methods.
Boring drills are an absolute necessity in every
class and description of mines, and afford a great
and remunerative field for the engineering section
chiefly devoted to their production. In addition
to power-driven drills, a large quantity of small
hand-power machines are in constant use, owing
to the fact that it frequently is an impossibility to
place in position one of the larger kind driven by
other than hand power. There are a good many
different types required, according to the geological
formation and conditions of working, and
manufacturers, in order to participate in this
trade, should be practically conversant with the
conditions governing each particular locality of
the great mining area.
"Although electricity has the principal share of
the burden to bear in connection with the working
of the mines, it must not be assumed that the older
and still very reliable and, one the whole, satisfactory
gas engine is played out. On the contrary,
quite a number of mine engineers and managers
favor the use—partial, at any rate—of such,
and only quite recently one of the leading mines
on the Rand ordered a complete gas-producing
plant for early shipment. The principal drawback
is. of course, the necessary supply of raw
material to produce the gas, which in certain districts
is somewhat scarce."
Testing Leasehold Tax Law.
At a special session of the West Virginia supreme
court of appeals on May 25, arguments were
made in the case brought to test the legality of the
recent law taxing leaseholds in that state. The
case, which is being pushed by coal interests, is
styled the Harvey Coal & Coke Co. vs C. W. Dillon.
state tax commissioner, and was brought in the
Fayette circuit court in which an injunction was
asked for to restrain the state tax commissioner
and his assessor from assessing leaseholds for
taxation. In the event the decision of the state
supreme court is against the appellants, it is
announced the case will be carried to the supreme
court of the United States.
The measure prepared by a committee of the
Illinois Coal Operators' Association, by request of
the association, and introduced into the legisla
ture authorizing the organization of a mutual
casualty insurance company, has passed both
houses of the general assembly.

" SIXTY MILLIONS " FOR THE OHIO.
The statement of Chairman Burton, of the rivers
and harbors committee of congress, that the people
of the Ohio valley could get $60,000,000 for river
improvements if they went about it the right way,
affected the poetry machine of the Pittsburgh
Leader's "All Sorts" man as follows:
Sixty million plunks, says Burton,
Sixty million solid dollars.
Thus he paints in glowing colors
As a thing that's sure and certain
Paints in tints of warmth surprising
Hopes we shrink from realizing.
Sixty millions! Only fancy
Pittsburgh's jubilation frantic
Could we nail that sum gigantic
By ingenious necromancy.
And upon our rivers blow it;
Gracious goodness! How we'd go it!
On to Cairo? Yes, indeedy.
Very soon we'd be equipping
Every blessed kind of shipping.
And, although we're nowise greedy,
Still without a bit of trouble
All the river trade we'd gobble.
Not content with that, by jingo!
We'd go further, to La Guayra
And to Rio de Janeiro,
Trinidad and San Domingo,
Ev'rywhere with vigor trading
And remotest points invading.
Maybe, too, we'd take the notion
If it should be, to our liking
Gallantly to go a-piking
Clear across the mighty ocean
And do business with the Russians,
Frenchmen, Germans, Turks and Prussians.
Warships? Sure, we'd turn out plenty
Armored in the latest fashion,
Fit to give an awful " thrashin' "
To one hostile fleet or twenty.
Pittsburgh battleships and cruisers
Never, never could be losers.
Ah, what dreams! 'Tis Burton's doing,
With his promises like honey,
With his talk of endless money
To be had just for the suing,
Yet these things would not be banal
If we had a nine-foot channel.
Which we may. Meanwhile, however,
Let us gently draw the curtain
On the promises of Burton.
Which may find fulfillment never,
For while he to hope attunes us.
Congress—congress just harpoons us, ,
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
Illinois Coal Lines Again Cut Rates.
The Illinois coal line's are not adhering to the
tariffs recently agreed upon for the haul from the
inner and outer groups of mines to East St. Louis.
The last conference of the lines interested was
called to meet the competition of the Gould-Illino:s
lines, and a reduced scale was adopted to place
all lines in a position to get their share of the
tonnage. From the inner group of mines, in­
cluding the Belleville district, the rate for shipment
per ton to East St. Louis was reduced from
40 cents to 30 cents. From the outer group, the
Carterville district, the rate was reduced from
62Vi cents to 40 cents per ton. From the Duquoin
district the rate was reduced from 47V1> cents to
37y, cents. From the Murphysboro district the
rate was reduced from 57 Vi cents to 40 cents per
ton. The rates apply only to East St. Louis. On
May 22 it was announced that the Mobile and Ohio
had made a cut below the agreed rate, quoting a
rate of 20 cents per ton, and the cut was followed
by the Vandalia with a rate of 17% cents. These
figures were met by the other lines. The cut
rates do not cover contracts. The Illinois Central
made the lowest cut announced—15 Vi cents.
PITTSBURGH CBt, WASHINGTON COAL CO.
The annual meeting of stockholders of the Pittsburgh
& Washington Coal Co. was held on May
23 in its offices in Pittsburgh. The conipany is
a new one with coal properties at Pryor, Washington
county, on the line of the Wabash railroad.
The entire output of the mines, about 2,000 tons
a day, has been sold to the Pittsburgh Coal Co.
The company's officers are: President, E. J.
Kent; vice-president, W. L. Dixon; and secretary
and treasurer, George E. Turner. Its board of
directors consists of E. J. Kent, W. L. Dixon, G. E.
Turner, J. R. Murphy, W. C. Temple, John Graham,
George A. Harwood, W. B. Bennett, Lawrence
Barr, V. M. Moss and B. M. Blake, the latter
of Altoona.
To Merge Soft Coal Interests.
Formal announcement is made that J. P. Morgan
& Co. have under way a consolidation of the Kanawha
& Hocking Coal & Coke Co. and the Continental
Coal Co., two companies operating in the
Ohio field. Circulars have been issued to stockholders
of the Continental Coal Co. asking a deposit
of stock with J. P. Morgan & Co., for which
an exchange of securities will be offered. The
scheme in view, it is said, provides for a rounding
out of the soft coal properties along the Hocking
Valley and Ohio Southern. The capital of the two
companies aggregates $5,500,000.

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
KANSAS MINING REPORT.
The last report of State Mine Inspector James A.
Orr, of Kansas, covers a period of six months from
January 1 to June 30, 1904, the fiscal year of the
state having been changed from the calendar year
to that ending June 30. During the six months
the output of coal was 2,732,499 short tons, from
mines in six counties. In the full year 1903, the
production was 5,540,537 tons. The total number
of men employed in the mines during the half
year was 10,347, including 376 convicts, who work
in the state mine in Leavenworth county. The
average number of days worked was 92 during
the half year. The number of accidents reported
is as follows:
Killed. Injured. Total.
No. of casualties 16 50 66
Per 1,000 employes 1.546 4.832 6.378
Per 1,000 days' work 0.017 0.053 0.070
The list of deaths includes 9 miners, 5 shot
firers, 1 driver and 1 day man. The injured were
32 miners, 7 shot firers, 6 drivers and 5 day men.
The state inspector, referring to the accidents, and
to the report of the commission which recently
investigated the causes of accidents in Kansas
mines, recommends the enactment of a series of
mining laws, the substance of which has already
been published in THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Mining Measures Finally Disposed Of.
The bill providing for the appointment of five
additional mine inspectors for the anthracite region
and a new inspection district in Dauphin
county, has been signed by Governor Pennypacker,
of Pennsylvania. A new inspector will be assigned
to each of the five counties of Luzerne.
Lackawanna, Columbia, Northumberland and Dauphin.
The bill lengthens the time that may lawfully
elapse between each inspection of the several
collieries from two to three months, and authorizes
the chief of the department of mines to
assign an inspector of one district to another district
in case there is not sufficient work in a certain
district to keep the inspector constantly employed.
Governor Pennypacker has vetoed the
bill passed by the state legislature providing for
a miners' relief association, whose functions were
to be the keeping of records of fatalities in the
mines and the custody and distribution of money
appropriated by the legislature to be used in pensioning
the families of deceased miners who met
their death by accident. The governor objected to
the measure on the ground that a record of mine
accidents is now compiled by the state department
of mines, so that further provision for that work
would be superfluous; while it would be useless
to create a body for the handling of pension money
until such money was made available by legislative
appropriation.
The Cleveland retail coal dealers, who were recently
indicted on the charge of illegally combining
to control the price of coal, have filed a
demurrer in which they claim that the law under
which they are being prosecuted is unconstitutional
and violates both the state and United
States constitution.
*
The Lehigh Coal Co. has been incorporated at
Elizabeth, N. J., by C. H. Leonard and others, to
carry on a retail coal, lime and feed business.
*
A fight is being made before the Kansas railroad
commission to have the freight rate on nut
coal, to Central Kansas points, reduced.
*
The tenth annual meeting of the Illinois and
Wisconsin Retail Coal Dealers' Association will
be held at Chicago beginning June 9.
#
The Coalfield Fuel Co. and Coalfield Supply Co.
have succeeded to the business of the Miller Creek
Coal Co., at Coalfield, Ia.
*
The Snohomish Grocery Co., of Snohomish,
Wash., has purchased the wood and coal business
of the Lee J. Taylor Co.
The annual meeting of the Iowa and Nebraska
Coal Dealers' Association will be held at Omaha
on June 22 and 23.
*
Baxter & Smith have succeeded to the lumber
and coal business of Van Dyke & Baxter, at Winfield
and Wyman, Ia.
Turner Bros, have succeeded to the coal and
grain business of Thomas Marnane, at Salt Lake
City, Utah.
*
The Yates Lumber & Coal Co. has been incorporated
at Lincoln, Neb., with a capital stock of
$25,000.
*
The Superior Lumber & Coal Co., of Whittemore,
la., has given a bill of sale for $11,782.
A convention of retail coal dealers was held at
Oklahoma City, Okla., on May 10.
J. P. Harding has sold his coal business at Wallace,
Neb., to Harding & Spencer.
*
A. Stem has bought the coal business of W. S.
Mattocks at Glenns Ferry, Ida.

fi CONSTRUCTION and DEVELOPMENT. 8
It is announced in St. Louis that in order to
avoid a "bridge arbitrage" amounting to $250,000
annually, J. Pierpont Morgan and the North American
Co. will spend $3,000,000 buying coal lands
and collieries and establish a fleet of boats to
convey the fuel to the Laclede Gas Light Co., the
Union Electric Co. and the St. Louis Transit Co.
Elevators and yards will be built at Paducah and
Memphis. The company will mine large quantities
of coal yearly and float it to St. Lou.s, working
six thousand men in six shafts. Thomas A.
Nevins of New York, as president of the United
States Gas, Coal & Coke Co., a Sturgis (Ky.) corporation,
recently purchased the Tradewater Coal
Co. and the Baker colliery near Wheatcroft, Ky.,
and 25,000 acres of coal land for the Morgan interests.
A company is being organized to develop the
Snyder coking coal lands in the Connellsville field.
The tract is a large one and work on the new
plant is to be begun as soon as possible. W. C.
Magee, of the Pickands-Magee Co., of Pittsburgh,
and George and Harry Whyel, of the Whyel Coke
Co., are among those interested.
The Colorado Fuel & Iron Co. has taken preliminary
steps toward opening several new coal
mines in the western part of Las Animas county.
The company owns a very large amount of undeveloped
coal land in that region and it will be
opened up as fast as it is possible to do the work.
|« COAL TRADE CASUALTIES. ;
Several serious accidents in the coastwise coal
trade occurred during May. The Joy line steamer
Aransas was sunk in a collision near Pu..adelphia
and one life was lost. The barge Moonbeam was
lost off Pt. Judith, R. I., four persons being
drowned and another barge was sunk off Oyster
Bay, L. I.
—x—
Heavy losses were sustained during the middle
of May by coal and allied interests by floods in the
Sandy, Kanawha and tributary river districts of
West Virginia.
—x—
Twenty-two miners were killed recently by a
premature explosion during blasting operations in
the Almasy coal mine at Resicza, Hungary.
—x—
The coal tipple at the Briar Hill mine of the
Pittsburgh Coal Co. was destroyed by fire on
May 22.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
Two new publications by the Ingersoll-Sergeant
Drill Co. are the Blue Book of Air Compressors,
and Bulletin 2002, of the pneumatic tool department,
describing track laying on the Williamsburg
bridge. Both treat of air power and the
latter shows its practical application in a way
that is of interest to all users of air power. The
Blue Book describes the standard classes of Ingersoll-Sergeant
air compressors. Both books are
handsomely illustrated.
o o o
The navy department has placed an order with
the Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Co. for a class "GC"
air compressor for the Portsmouth, N. H., navy
yard. The compressor has compound steam cylinders
19 and 35 inches in diameter, compound
air cylinders 32V4 and 20V4 inches in diameter
and a 24-inch stroke. Its capacity is 2179 cubic
feet of free air per minute.
o o o
Bulletin No. 1, supplementing general catalogue
No. 6, is being circulated by the Ohio Brass Co.,
of Mansfield, O. A variety of the products of the
conipany are described and illustrated, the list
including a number of new features in all-wire
soldered rail bonds, mechanical devices of various
kinds and electrical equipment.
o o o
"Far Down Beneath the Upper World," is the
title of an artistic booklet just issued by the Watt
Mining Car Wheel Co., of Barnesville, O. It contains
exceptionally fine views of coal plants in all
of the large coal producing states, with just
enough pertinent statistics to lend attractiveness.
Output of Ninth Bituminous District.
Retiring Mine Inspector Bernard Callaghan of
the Ninth bituminous district of Pennsylvania, has
prepared his 1904 report of the coal and coke produced
in his district. According to his figures
the Somerset Coal Co. mined 551,551 tons; W. K.
Niver Co., 200,626; Ursina Coal Mining Co., 71,966;
Merchants Coal Co., 62,850; Garrett Coal Co., 60,-
213; John Meager, 37,178; Pen Marva Coal Co.,
16,825; E. F. Fisher Coal Co., 16,208; Elk Lick
Coal Co., 13,935; Big Vein Coal Co., 11,789; Fred
Rowe Coal Co., 10,646; Stoner Coal Co., 9,687; Liston
& Miller mines, 7,900; Enterprise Coal Co., 7.-
262; Kendall Coal Co., 4,300.
State Mine Inspector J. W. Paul, of West Virginia,
is using a gas testing machine to test air
taken from mines. The air is taken into a rubber
bag in the mine. Fire is applied to it and
when it contains sufficient gas to cause an explosion,
the percentage may be determined from the
force exerted.

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
• PERTINENT PARAGRAPHS. •
The West Virginia supreme court has decided,
in the case of the Kingwood Coal Co., against the
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co., that the courts
are competent to give effective force to their judgments,
in cases where discrimination is charged,
and secure fair treatment to shippers in the matter
of cars. Judge Goff, in the United States circuit
court, held that ears must be distributed
among the companies without discrimination in
proportion to their output, and ordered the railroad
to supply 31 per cent, of the cars it had on
hand to the Kingwood company, that being its
share of the production of the district, whereas
only 18 per cent, of the cars had been sent there
previously.
The United States supreme court has decided
that the state of Pennsylvania cannot collect a tax
upon Pennsylvania coal after it is shipped. The
decision was rendered in the case of the Delaware,
Lackawanna & Western Railroad Co. vs. the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania, which grew out of
an attempt of the state authorities to levy a tax
of five mills on the value of coal mined by the
company in the state and held in Buffalo, Chicago
and other cities outside of Pennsylvania. The supreme
court of the state upheld the tax but that
decision was reversed by action of the higher
court, the opinion of which was written by Justice
Peckham.
Mr. R. C. Wharton, who has been manager of
sales for the Sunday Creek Coal Co. since its reorganization,
recently tendered his resignation to
take effect to-day. He will be succeeded by Mr.
H. H. Heiner, of St. Paul, vice-president and general
manager of the St. Paul & Western Coal Co.,
and the Boston Coal & Dock Wharf Co., of Duluth,
Minn., subsidiary companies of the Sunday Creek
Co. Mr. F. C. Bryan, until recently with the Norfolk
& Western railroad as division freight agent
at Columbus, O., has been selected to succeed Mr.
Heiner at St. Paul.
The Cuyahoga county grand jury, sitting at
Cleveland, returned indictments against 11 members
of the executive committee of the Cleveland
Retail Coal Dealers' Association. Those indicted
are H. G. Brayton, secretary; J. J. Phillii s, Charles
A. Albright, J. V. N. Yates, Charles Zettlemeyer,
F. M. Cowdery, I. C. Goff, William Schafer, Henry
Abels, E. C. Brown and E. D. Thomas. They are
charged with restricting trade, preventing competition
and fixing prices in violation of the Valentine
anti-trust law.
The Maple Hill Coal Co., the W. J. Hamilton
Coal Co., and the Twentieth Century Coal Co., all
of whose headquarters are at Columbus, O., have
combined their interests, and in the future, the
Hamilton Coal Co. will handle the output of the
properties of the other two, which are located at
Redfield and Nelsonville.
Coal production in the United States has increased
since 1850 by 4,180 per cent. Great Britain
held the first place in supplying the world
with coal up to 1899. Then America seized the
primacy, and last year the 600,000 employes engaged
in the industry mined a million tons more
than Great Britain, or two-thirds of the output
of the globe. The ultimate value of this aggregate
of combustible carbon to the retailer is estimated
at over $2,000,000,000.
The New Mexico Railroad & Coal Co., which
owns and operates 457 miles of road, with the
main line from Liberal, Kan., to El Paso, connecting
the Rock Island system with the Southern
Pacific & Mexican Central, has been purchased
by Phelps, Dodge & Co. With tne purchase there
was acquired all the coal mines, timber and mineral
ore, consisting of 25,000 acres of land, controlled
by a subsidiary company.
Options involving practically all of the coal
mines north of the Kiskiminetas river in the Allegheny
river valley are being taken. Sixty-seven
coal companies, including the Kittanning Coal Co.
are involved, and it is estimated that $6,000,000
will figure in the deals. Some of the options have
been closed, the names of E. C. Robert and W. D.
Ward, of Buffalo, appearing.
The total production of Pennsylvania anthracite
coal to date is estimated at 1,696,963,748 tons.
The bituminous production of the state is put at
1,448,197,679 tons. These outputs combined form.
56 per cent, of the total output of the country.
The combined value, taken on a basis of $4 per
ton for anthracite and $3 for bituminous, aggregates
$10,232,448,029.
W. C. Jutte, until recently general manager for
C. Jutte & Co., committed suicide at Atlantic City,
N. J., on May 24, by shooting himself. He had
been suffering from nervous trouble for some time
and had visited a number of health resorts without
obtaining relief. He was 45 years old and
for 25 years was identified with the Jutte coal interests,
founded by Charles Jutte.
The Consolidated Coal & Mining Co., of Cincinnati,
capitalized at $500,000, has made an assignment,
with assets of $25,000 and liabilities of
$40,000.

Diamond Coal Co., Oklahoma City, Catoosa, 1.
T„ Kansas City, and St. Louis; capital, $500,000;
incorporators, F. W. Casner and M. J. Harrington,
of Kansas City; W. B. Williams, Carmen, and A.
M. Coffman and F. E. Sutton, of Oklahoma City.
—+—
Fort Branch Coal Co., Logan, W. Va.; capital,
$40,000; incorporators, Martin Williams, Parisburg,
Va.; J. D. Honaker, Sr., J. D. Honaker, Jr.,
Rockey Gap, Va.; C. H. Mustard, Christiansburg,
Va.; W. A. Lindsley, Graham, Va.
—+—
Teters Creek Coal Co., Philippi, W. Va.; capital,
$200,000; incorporators, C. F. Teter, of Philippi;
J. W. Green, of Middlebourne; O. H. Suck
and E. R. B. Martin, of St. Marys; and Charles
C. Wertz, of Parkersburg.
—+ —
The Northeastern Coal Co., of New Mexico;
capital, $150,000; incorporators, Frank E. Jennison,
Ambrose A. Featherston, Jr., Albert B.
Banker, Frederick J. Wolfe, and George C. Oxer,
all of New York City.
—H
Latrobe-Connellsville Coal & Coke Co., Latrobe,
Pa.; capital, $500,000; incorporators, Robert K.
Cassatt, Philadelphia; M. W. Saxman, Jr., Latrobe;
E. M. Gross and L. B. Huff, Greensburg.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
Thermic Coal & Coke Co., Hollidaysburg, Pa.;
capital, $25,000; incorporators, P. W. Snyder, John
M. Snyder and R. A. Elliott, Hollidaysburg.
—I
Ohio Coal Co., Dayton, O.; capital, $15,000; incorporators,
Ed. B. Wright, W. F. Grimes, E. H.
Jaeger, William Fetters and R. W. Boggott.
—+—
Western Coal & Coke Co., Salt Lake City, Utah;
capital, $500,000; incorporators, J. A. Brown, J.
W. Sterling, A. A. Sweet, R. J. Evans.
—+—
Consolidated Indiana Coal Co., Augusta, Me.;
capital, $4,000,000; incorporators, J. Berry, L. A.
Burleigh, and others.
—+—
Spring Creek Coal Co., Springfield, 111.; capital,
$30,000; incorporators, Joseph Trutter, J. B. Franz,
Robert Green.
—-1—
Union Mining Co., Louisville, Ky.; capital, $25,-
000; incorporators, H. G. Tagge, L. F. V. Cravens,
L. C. Garrett.
— H —
Evansville Coal Co., Chattanooga. Tenn.; capital,
$25,000; incorporators, J. W. Clift, M. H. Clift,
G. M. Walker.
Ward's Branch Coal Co., Charleston, W. Va.;
Wonderful Scenic Trip Across Rocky Mountains
to Oregon Exposition.
In certain respects the excursions to the Lewis
and Clark Centennial Exposition, Portland, Ore
gon, via Pennsylvania Lines, beginning May 23d
capital, $200,000; incorporators, John A. Jarrett, and continuing through the summer, offer ad­
J. F. Hudson, L. L. Price, H. D. Rummel and O. vantages never before presented to exposition
A. Petty, all of Charleston.
visitors. The trip to the Oregon exposition, in
1
addition to the attractiveness of the extensive
Forbes Coal Co., Latrobe, Pa.; capital, $75,000; exhibits, includes the journey through the scenic
incorporators, J. F. Toner, John S. Lightcap, wonderland of the Rocky Mountains and the
George Delaney, John W. Toner, Latrobe; Eugene Cascade Range, and what American has not looked
Warden, Mt. Pleasant.
forward from the days of the geography class in
r—
school to the time when those great sights should
Kootenai Coal Mining Co., Pullman, Wash.; be seen in reality? The time was never so fa­
capital, $1,500,000; incorporators, R. G. Belden, vorable as now. The trip may be made less ex­
W. J. Roberts, G. H. Watt, C. M. Waters, J. H. pensively than ever. For only a slight difference
Hemphill.
in fare tourists may extend their trip to San
Francisco and Los Angeles. The return trip may
Toledo Fuel Co., Toledo, O.; capital, $10,000; be made over a different route, enabling travelers
incorporators, A. M. Donovan, J. E. Amendt, Alex­ to view much more of the West. For full particuander
Munro, M. S. Darst and M. L. Donovan, of lars, fares, dates of special excursions to Portland
Toledo.
on account of conventions, through time and pas­
—+—
Clarkson Coal & Dock Co., Cleveland, O.; capisenger
service apply to J. K. Dillon, District Passenger
Agent, 515 Park building, Pittsburgh, Pa.
tal, $100,000; incorporators, T. E. Young, C. E.
Mourer, J. S. Sullivan, A. W. Young, G. B. Coo- John S. Bays, acting for a New York syndicate,
lidge.
has purchased seven of the best mines in Sullivan
—I
county, Ind. The syndicate will take over the
Rex Carbon Coal Co.. Pittsburgh, Pa.; capital, property on June 1. The deal includes 10,000
$350,u00; incorporators, W. C. Temple, E. J. Kent, acres of Sullivan county coal lands, and involved
W. C. Darley and G. E. Turner, Pittsburgh. an expenditure of $2,500,000.

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
WESTERN COAL DEALERS OBTAIN
CONCESSIONS FROM RAILROADS.
The Iowa-Nebraska Coal Dealers' Association has
come to an agreement with the railroads with
which it has been negotiating for several months.
Two important concessions have been made by the
roads, and President C. H. Chisam, speaking for
the members of the association, announces that
they are satisfactory. He says there will be no
effort by the dealers to secure legislation on reciprocal
demurrage, present arrangements being entirely
satisfactory. One of the points conceded
by the railroad companies is a reduction in the
weighing fee at destination of coal shipments from
$2 to $1 a car, together with the acceptance of
weights at delivery as the basis of freight charges.
The other victory won by the coal men has reference
to demurrage charges for cargoes which they
fail to unload within 24 hours after delivery. In
future, whenever the demurrage is questioned for
any reason, a board of arbitration will pass upon
it before payment is made.
Heretofore the dealers have always paid demurrage
charges first, and then, if there was cause
for complaint, would file a claim for the return of
the money paid. Hereafter they will not be required
to pay until the board of arbitration decides
that the charge is just. This board will comprise
the manager of the Western Car Service Association,
acting for the railroads, and a man chosen
by the coal dealers. Its conclusions will be mutually
binding. Lumber men are included in this
arrangement. The advantage to coal dealers in
basing freight charges on the weight of a cargo
at its destination is that it does not compel them
to pay transportation rates on what may be lost
in shipment. It often happens that a car of coal
loaded at the mine will tip the scales at 83,000 or
84,000 pounds, but when it is billed the weight
will have shrunk to 80,000 pounds or less. The
old practice was to charge freight on the mine
weight, regardless of the well known fact that coal
cargoes frequently lose in transit from theft and
other causes. Under the new plan the weight of
a carload at the end of its shipment will be taken
as prima facie evidence of the amount of coal it
contains, and the dealer will pay freight in accordance
with it. The only unsettled matter is the
value of the shrinkage in transit. The dealer must
pay for all the coal that leaves the mine, and the
railroads are held responsible for Iailure to deliver
full weights. It will be an easy matter to determine
claims under the system agreed upon, and it
is believed the roads will handle coal more carefully
than before. Where the benefit of the new
demurrage rule conies in is in forcing the railroad
companies to make deliveries regularly or losing
the use of cars till they can be unloaded conveniently
to the dealer. Should one car a day be ship­
ped for a week, and they be held up en route so
that all reach the consignee at the same time, he
will not be called on to unload all within 24 hours
or pay for the cars held, but will be allowed extra
time, according to the number of cars.
RECENT COAL TRADE PATENTS.
The following recently granted patents of interest
to the coal trade, are reported expressly for
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN b.v J. M. Nesbit, patent
attorney. Park building, Pittsburgh, Pa., from
whom printed copies may be procured for 15 cents
each:
Mine water car, W. J. Richards. Rockwood,
Tenn.; 787,112.
Miner's dumping car, Julia Kerst, Springfield,
111.; 789,189.
Mine-curtain raiser, G. W. Manlove, Cleveland;
787,200.
Chain and cutter-carrying device for mining
machines, T. G. Aultman. Fairmont, W. Va., assignor
to Joseph Jeffrey, Columbus, Ohio; 787,551.
Car-haul, A. M. Acklin. Pittsburgh, assignor to
Heyl & Patterson, Inc., same place; 787,605.
Miner's lamp, Ferdinand Kich, West Hazleton,
Pa.; 787,678.
Process of producing compressed coke, A. D.
Shrewsbury, Washington, D. C; 788,558.
Mining drill, F. W. Olcott, U. S. Navy, assignor
to H, F. Olcott. Kingston, N. Y.; 788,593.
Miner's pick, W. W. Hoover, Penfield, Pa.; Y88,-
719.
Cable-haul, J. L. Wagner, Fairmont, W. Va.;
788,861.
Cribbing, F. H. Brenton and John Struthers,
Pittston, Pa., 789,140. Cribbing, same; 789,183.
Device for cleaning coal breakers, J. L. Miller,
Pittsburgh, assignor to Heyl & Patterson, Inc.,
same place; 789,167.
Coal chute. D. S. Post, Painesville, Ohio, assignor
to H. A. Post, same place; 789,381.
Sunday in Wheeling.
Leave Pittsburgh in the morning; return in the
evening, over Pennsylvania Lines. 8.20 a. m. train
Central time from Pittsburgh Union Station has
parlor car. Returning parlor car train leaves
Wheeling 2.55 p. m.. arrives Pittsburgh 5.05 p. m.
Homeseekers Excursions
Via the Missouri Pacific Ry. to points in Missouri,
Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas, Old and New
Mexico, Arizona, Kansas, Colorado and Utah, at
very low rates. Tickets sold on first and third
Tuesdays of each month. For information address
John R. James, Centra] Passenger Agent, 315
Bessemer building, Pittsburgh, Pa.

t » >
W. S. WALLACE, SECRETARY. E. E. WALLING, GENM_ SALES AGENT. \$fi.
NORTH AMERICAN BUILDING,
PHILADELPHIA, PENNA.
#H##iNl §©@®@®@®®@@€a
ii
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52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
FOR SALE.
A-l condition, 60,000 lbs. capacity HOPPER
BOTTOM GONDOLA CARS. We had 1,500 of these;
have just sold 256, which have passed Hunt's
Inspection; balance for sale at low price; equip­
ped with Westinghouse Air Brakes; built accord­
ing to P. R. R. Standard Specifications; will stand
most rigid inspection.
If not as represented, will pay Inspector's ex­
penses.
Also have 18 practically new 80,000 lb. capacity
HOPPER BOTTOM COAL CARS. Wire us for prices.
A. V. KAISER & CO.,
222 ao. Third Street, Philauelphia.
FOR SALE.
Complete Haulage Plant consisting of 1 pair
10"xl6" double drum haulage engines geared 3 to
1 with steam operated clutches and foot brakes,
capable of winding 5000 ft. of %" rope.
One 5-ft. sheave, four 4-ft. sheaves, two 30"
sheaves, five 24" sheaves, seven 12" sheaves, two
36" horizontal sheaves, 72 Bell sheaves.
Also one 65 H. P. Erie City Iron Works economic
boiler, with stack and fittings complete.
Also 4950 ft. %" dia. Roebling steel wire rope.
" 6500 ft. %" "
" 2100 ft. %" "
Rope in operation two months, balance of material
in operation about two years.
Price complete F. O. B. cars—$2,800.00.
Enquire of W. R. ELLIOTT,
1105 Arrott Building,
Pittsburgh, Pa.
Brick Houses For Miners.
The Rock Island Coal Co., of Chicago, is investigating
a plan for building miners' houses at the
various operations of the company which Manager
Scholz believes will result in better homes for this
class of employes and important economies in the
construction of these buildings. The Rock Island
Coal Co. has a large number of operations in several
of the Western states and employs a large
number of mine workers. It is intended to secure
a portable brick factory or portable brick making
machinery which can be loaded on a train and
conveyed from place to place. At any point where
additional miners' houses are necessary this portable
plant will be unloaded and arranged for
operation. The shale and other suitable clays
always found in connection with coal, will be
utilized and a brick factory will be established on
a small scale at that point until a sufficient number
of bricks are produced to build the structures.
Then the plant will be moved to the next place.
Manager Scholz has thoroughly investigated the
question of brick making, taking up the technical
points as well as the adaptability of the various
coal shales and clay. He is convinced that it is
not only practicable, but that the miners will be
provided with much better houses, that many laborers
will be furnished with employment at times
when they are not working the mines and that
the plan is feasible.
The Pioneer Coal Co., the Clearfield Bituminous
Coal Corporation and the holdings of Rembrandt
Peale, representing thousands of acres of valuable
territory in the eastern part of Indiana county.
Pa., have been merged, and the management will
soon begin the construction of a large coal plant
and industrial town in Cherryhill township.
©to Colony Coal & Coke Co.
Ike^stonc ButltnrtQ, flMttsburob, fl>a.
ligonier gteam Coal
(ifioun&vilk (5ae Coal
ConndlsviUe Cok
flDtnes
I Xtgonier, IPa., fl>. 1R. IR.
\ flDoun&svtlle, TRfl. Da., B. 8. ©. IR. IR.

\
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
ARTHUR BROCK, President, tebanon, Pa. A. S. McCREATH, Secretary and Treasurer, Harrisburg, Pa.
E. F. SAXMAN, General Manager, latrobe, Pa.
DERRY COAL AND COKE COMPANY
(CHARTERED)
Miners and Manufacturers of The Very Best Quality
. . . OF . . .
CONNELLSVILLE COAL
.. AND ..
COKE
MINES AND OVENS NEAR
Latrobe, Westmoreland Co., on Main Line of P. R. R.
Main Office, LATROBE, PA.
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
SOUTH FORK,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
FAMOUj
TT
"ARGYLE" PENNSYLVANIA.
SMOKELESS
C ^ ^ O A V
r

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
.^AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAfr
SUPERIOR COAL & COKE COMPANY,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
SUPERIOR STEAM COAL
AND
CONNELLSVILLE COKE.
General Offices: LATROBE, PA.
rTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
f DG %
!
STEAM COAL
and
CONNELLSVILLE COKE, Sc-
MINKD AND SHIPPED BY THE
SAXMAN COAL & COKE COMPANY,
. . . LATROBE, PA. . . .
^ no j)
Latrobe Connellsville Coal & Coke Co.
LATROBE. PA..
PRODUCES AND SHIPS
STEAM COAL OF FINEST QUALITY
AND MANUFACTURERS
BEST CONNELLSVILLE COKE.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
l^r T

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
------ - —--
Atlantic Crushed Coke Co.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
LATROBE STEAM COAL
GEN ERAL OFFICES '.
CONNELLSVILLE
FURNACE
FOUNDRY
CRUSHED
COKE.
- GREENSBURG, PA.
LIQONIER COAL COMPANY, j
LATROBE, PA. ;
l\lGH QRaDE^TEaM (|>aL |
e©NNELLSYILLE 6©KE. ! 5
*»»l****0000000000000000000000000000000B000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000M
United Coal Company
*? of Pittsbur^hPenna«"
MINES ON MONONGAHELA RIVER, SECOND POOL; PITTSBURGH &. LAKE ERIE
RAILROAD; BALTIMORE &. OHIO RAILROAD AND PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD.
BarvK For Savings Building'.
General Offices:
New York Office . PITTSBURGH, PA. Philadelphia Office :
Whitehall Building. Pennsylvania Building.
Westmoreland Gas Coal
Youghiogheny Gas &SteamCoal

GOAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Vol. XIII. PITTSBURGH, PA., JUNE 15, 1905. No. 2.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN;
PUBLISHED TWICE A MONTH.
Copyrighted by THE COAL TRADE COMPANY, 1905.
A. Ii. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STHACB, Managing Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION, - - - - $2.00 A YEAR.
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THK COAI. TRADE COMPANY.
926-930 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA.
Long Distance Telephone U30 Grant.
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh, I'a., as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
THE SUBJECT of miners' holidays is fast becoming
a serious problem to those engaged in the pro­
duction of coal. The daily press throughout the
country finds it a fruitful source of news and it
is rapidly assuming a degree of importance that
must soon command attention. The American and
English-speaking miners generally are content
with the ordinary national holidays and are will­
ing to work during the rest of the year when em­
ployment is to be had, except, possibly, on the
occasion of funerals of those in the same calling
and a special day or two like "Eight-hour" day.
The miner of foreign extraction, on the other
hand, accepts all the usual holidays and demands
an almost incredible number in addition for the
observance of religious festivals. It is announced
that the men, largely of Sclavonic origin, em­
ployed by one of the large soft coal producing
companies, have no less than 71 holidays in the
year, exclusive of Sundays and periodic off-days
to attend funerals and weddings and to recuperate
from the effects of the manner in which these
events are celebrated. The business man must
figure at least 300 work days to the year. If con­
ditions are such that during a part of the year
there is a period of enforced idleness an effort
must be made to even up. If 60 more days of
voluntary inactivity are to be injected into the
working period there can be no evening up for
past losses and it is doubtful if the current rate
of production can be maintained. The instance
mentioned is not an exceptional one. 'ihe con­
dition apples to the entire anthracite region and
wherever miners of foreign extraction are in the
majority. No man's religious liberty should be
interfered with, but the book of books sets aside
52 days in the year as sufficient for rest and de­
votion. The exigencies of business have been
based on this requirement and those who permit
the divinely authorized days of labor to be
trenched upon unnecessarily will find difficulty in
accounting for their stewardship. It is clearly the
duty of all who believe in conducting business on
business principles to stop the holiday foolishness
without delay.
* * *
THE ATTITUDE of the Illinois miners in the mat­
ter of the increased cost of production that will
result from the application of the shot firers' law
is in line with the "conservative" stand always
taken by unions in such cases. The assumption
that there is nothing to show that the cost of pro­
duction will be increased is absurd. The appli­
cation of the law means the expenditure of many
thousands of dollars not calculated upon when
the present scale of wages was formulated, always
provided the mines continue in operation. There­
by hangs the point. If the miners decline the
moral obligation resting upon them, it is not un­
likely that many of them will find abundant lei­
sure to think the matter over before the next
scale is made. Margins of profit in the coal

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
trade are too close to stand scaling. The condi­
tions in Illinois are such as to make increased
expense absolutely impossible. The alleged tri­
umph scored in getting the shot firers' law passed
may prove a costly piece of legislation to its
sponsors.
* * *
DESPITE THE FACT that its functions and powers
are not yet well defined, the formal organization
effected by representatives of the bituminous coal
operators is a wise move that must inevitably pro­
duce good results. While there is nothing in the
character of the association to give it the import­
ance of an alliance for offense and defense, it
provides the groundwork for such an organization
if the necessities of the future should be such as
to require it. For the time being it will provide
a long-needed means for the interchange of ideas
and experiences from which deductions of much
value may be made. There has been widespread
insinuation and intimation of jealousy and ill-
feeling between competing fields and operators.
If this really exists, which is extremely doubtful.
no better means of getting rid of it could be
found. At all events this first step toward unity
of action and purpose is bound to be productive
of great good for all who take advantage of it.
* * *
PERHAPS THE most pleasing feature of the r2tail
coal dealers' conventions held at Jackson, Mich.,
and Chicago, during June, was the manifestation
of the good feeling that exists between the dealers
represented and the producers who supply their
needs. It is not uncommon to find these gather­
ings dominated by a spirit of hostility and un­
friendliness to something or somebody and
generally it is the coal operator on whom
the jingoes shower their wrath. It is ap­
parent, however, that the old idea that it was
the duty of every delegate to make a display of
his ability to "talk fight," is being superseded by
modern common sense. Aggressiveness is a good
thing only when it stops short of offensiveness.
The two gatherings referred to showed abundant
evidence of hustle and business spirit, but there
was, withal, a spirit of harmony, good fellowship
and just regard for the rights of all concerned that
cannot fail to benefit everybody interested.
GOVERNMENT TO CONTINUE
THE COAL TESTS BEGUN AT
THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION.
The United States geological survey announces
that it is presenting an opportunity to the coal
producers of the country to co-operate with the
survey in its work of testing the coals and lignites
of the United States. This work was begun
at the World's Fair grounds, St. Louis, during the
exposition and will be continued along the lines
laid down at that time. The survey is desirous
of securing from operators and others interested
in the problems of fuel consumption an expression
of opinion as to whether they desire to co-operate
in this work. Offers of coal for testing purposes
should be addressed to the director of the United
States geological survey, Washington, D. (J.
It is not possible to promise at the present time
that all offers of coal will be accepted, but the
plan is to make the investigation as complete as
practicable, distributing the work as impartially
as possible over the entire country. The distribution
of the work will depend largely upon the
replies received to the circular which the survey
is now sending out to coal operators and upon the
present and possible future development of the
coal and lignite deposits of the several states.
The tests will be made for the purpose of determining
the fuel values of the different coa's and
lignites and the most economical methods for their
utilization. Arrangements have been made with
the manufacturers of the equipment used during
the exposition to have practically all of this testing
machinery left at the disposal of the government.
In offering coal for testing purposes, operators
are requested to note the following conditions
with which it is necessary to comply:
1. The coal must be furnished to the testing
plant free of cost to the government.
2. The coal must be loaded under the supervision
of one of the inspectors employed for that
purpose, who shall be at the same time allowed to
visit the working places in the mine to procure
samples for analysis.
3. When it is possible to do so, the coal should
be loaded in box cars and shipped under seal.
Lignites must always be shipped in this way.
4. Where the market requires screened coal, this
grade will be accepted for test. The selection of
coal is always to be under the direct control of
the representative of the testing plant.
5. Where one of the problems involved is the
better utilization of slack coal, a carload of slack
may be accepted for testing purposes.
6. As soon as possible after the tests are completed
a brief statement of the results will be
furnished to parties supplying the coal, for their

information, but this must not be made public
until the results are published by the geological
survey.
7. Everyone interested in any particular test
or in the general operation of the plant is invited
to be present at any time, but the official
record of the test will not be given out except as
indicated in the preceding paragraph.
MITCHELL OPENS THE CAMPAIGN.
President John Mitchell, of the United Mine
Workers, has begun his campaign of strengthening
the anthracite miners' organization. The first
of 11 speeches to be delivered in the region was
made at Moosic on Sunday, June 4. Mitchell intimated
that the eight-hour day and a signed agreement
with the organization would be insisted
upon by the miners when the present agreement
expires on March 31, 1906. He said in part:
"The present agreement is the best you have
-ever had, but it is not good enough. We should
have the generally established short working day
of eight hours. Whether these things will come
next April or not is not for me to say; it is for
you. In the bituminous coal fields there are 350,-
000 miners working under an agreement between
the operators and the union, and enjoying the
eight-hour day. In nearly all the working crafts
the eight-hour day prevails. It is only fair to
expect that the anthracite miners should enjoy
the same beneficent conditions as tne bituminous
miners. What you get or fail to get depends
on yourselves. The anthracite coal operators are
no better or no worse than they were three years
ago. They don't like the union better or hate it
worse than they did three years ago. We will
be recognized if we deserve to be; we will be
fought if we deserve to be fought. If we have
only 60,000 members in the anthracite field, where
there are 150,000 mine workers, don't blame the
operators if they refuse to recognize us. I would
not do it myself."
Mitchell went into a declared recital of what the
United Mine Workers had done for the anthracite
miners and urged upon them too, that the only
way they could maintain their present condition
and hope to gain further betterments was in remaining
loyal to the United Mine Workers.
"I repeat," he said, "that the present agreement
is the best we ever had, but it is not good enough.
It Is unsatisfactory because it is not an agreement
with our union. There will never be peace in the
anthracite coal fields until regulated by an agreement.
I say in the interest of peace, in the interest
of ourselves and the operators, that it
would be better to meet every year or every two
years and make an agreement. There will be no
THE TEAM OWNERS REVIEW. 29
lasting peace in the anthracite region, as far as
I am concerned, until we have an eight-hour day.
We will insist on an eight-hour day in April. In
the bituminous fields we have the eight-hour day.
It is the recognized work day through the world
and it is only fair to ask that the miners of the
anthracite region get it. Whether we will get it
next April, when the award of the commission expires,
or whether it will take longer, I don't know,
but no matter how long it takes we will keep at
it until we get it.
"I want to ask the miners here who believe in
me, the men who beneve I have tried to do something
for them, and I want to also ask the women
who believe that I have tried to help ...eir hus
bands, brothers and other relatively working in the
mines, if they won't do something to better their
own conditions. I don't know how long I w...
be with you. It may be only a short time. However,
I want you to make your conditions better
and the only way to do it is to keep up your organization.
You can build it up to the highest by
putting forth your best efforts with that end in
view. The union will not grow by men staying
away and failing to pay their dues. Wages will
go up or they will go down, they won't remain
stationary. If you are not thoroughly organized
they will go down, if you have a perfect organiza
tion they will go up. What greater incentive is
there than to keep the organization up to the very
highest point? It behooves everyone of you,
therefore, to do your part for the success of the
union. The women also, can do much towards
keeping up the union and I appeal to them to use
their best endeavors to keep the men faithful to
the organization."
ILLINOIS MINERS ANSWER.
The United Mine Workers of Illinois, through
their state officers, filed a reply to the Illinois Coal
Operators' Association regarding the shot firers'
bill, the miners denying that their efforts, through
which the bill became a law, were a violation of
their contract and declining to bear or share the
increased cost of coal production. The reply
stated that if it could be shown after a fair trial
of the law that the enforcement of its provisions
either increased or failed to diminish the loss of
life in mines, or inflicted a hardship on mine
owners, the miners' representatives would meet
those of the operators for the purpose of settling
disputes. Further consideration will be given
the matter by the operators' association and it is
not improbable that a number of mines will be
closed on July 1, at which time the new law becomes
effective, until it can be ascertained what
its effect will be.

30
LATROBE-CONNELLSVILLE
INTERESTS COMBINED.
An important consilidation of the Latrobe-Connellsville
coal and coke producing interests was
perfected during the current month under the
name of the Latrobe-Connellsville Coal & Coke Co.
The concerns merged are the Saxman, Superior,
Latrobe-Connellsville, and Derry Coal & Coke Cos.
of Latrobe, Pa. All have been active operating
factors in the trade for some time and combined
their daily tonnage amounts to 4,000 tons highgrade
steam coal and 1,500 tons of Connellsville
foundry and furnace coke. The mining plants
taken in are two of the Derry company, two of
the Superior company and one each of the Saxman
and Latrobe-Connellsville companies, all of
which are arranged for economical operation. All
of the plants feed new batteries of coking ovens.
All of these properties are in the vicinity of Latrobe
and take the Latrobe freight rate. The
officers of —e conipany are R. K. Cassatt, president;
E. M. Gross, secretary; and M. W. Saxman,
treasurer and general manager. Operating headquarters
will continue to be at Latrobe and the
Pittsburgh sales agency will be at 806 Park building,
with E. M. Gross in charge and the eastern
sales offices at 116 Arcade building, Philadelphia,
with R. K. Cassatt and N. B. Wittman in charge.
NEW RULING ON CAR SUPPLY.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
In the complaint of Charles A. Thompson against
the Pennsylvania Railroad Co., involving the
right of a railroad to regulate the supply of cars
to coal shippers, the following ruling was made
by the Interstate Commerce Commission:
1. The right of complainant to ship coal was
not barred by the fact that he is a druggist by
occupation, or that he loaded coal cars from
wagons, for a large part of the commerce of the
country is handled in that way; and when he
tendered freight for transportation he was entitled
to the same facilities furnished to other
shippers under ake conditions.
2. During the anthracite coal strike of 1902,
which caused an extremely large demand for bituminous
coal and great increase in the price of
that coal, complainant arranged for the purchase
and sale of the surplus product of certain bituminous
mines, called surface or country mines,
and for hauling the coal by wagon to stations or
sidings and loading upon defendant's cars. Under
normal conditions this could not be done at a
profit. Complainant demanded and received several
cars during the month of November, 1902. In
that month defendant issued a rule limiting its
coal cars to mines having track connection with
its road, and this rule was kept in force during the
strike period. The demand for coal throughout
the strike resulted in the greatest tax upon the
railroad equipment and in the congestion of lines,
yards and terminals. The mines loading by tipple
and by track connection received far less than
their usual car supply. Under these and other
conditions, defendant's temporary rule, confining
its comparatively few available cars to mines generally
in operation, where quick loading could
be accomplished, and declining to permit its siding
and switches to be further congested by loading
coal from wagons, not only by complainant,
but many others temporarily engaged in the same
pursuit, was calculated to hasten rather than retard
the movement of coal for public use, and
was not unreasonable or unjust.
3. No opinion is expressed upon the point
whether a railroad may, under ordinary conditions,
discriminate in furnishing cars as between
the methods of loading by tipple and wagon, or
whether without a rule it may, even in great
emergency, discriminate between the two classes
of shipments, and the decision is confined to the
particular situation disclosed by the record in this
proceeding.
THE RETAILERS' CONVENTIONS.
Two important conventions of retail coal dealers
of central and northwestern states were held last
week. The first, that of the Michigan and Indiana
Retail Coal Association opened at Jackson, Mich.,
on June 7, and continued through the following
day. The convention of the Illinois-Wisconsin
dealers' convention was held at Chicago on June 9
and 10. Many questions of importance were settled
in these conventions and many new and useful
ideas for improving the coal trade in various
ways were given birth. The Michigan-Indiana
Association elected the following officers: President,
Robert Lake, Jackson, Mich.; vice-president,
F. A. Hobbs, Benton Harbor; treasurer, A. E.
Bradshaw; board of directors for three years.
D. M. Baker and Walter Miller. Mr. Lake was
elected to the presidency for his sixth consecutive
term.
PENNSYLVANIA COAL AND COKE.
Shipments of coal and coke originating on the
lines of the Pennsylvania Railroad Co. east of
Pittsburgh and Erie for the year ending June 3
were as follows:
Short tons. 1905. 1904.
Anthracite coal 1,942,262 1,836,847
Bituminous coal 11,618,6(6 11,431,6^3
Coke 4,648,200 3,699,3S5
Totals 18,209,138 16,967,9z5

MINERS FAVOR A TRAVELING
BOARD OF CONCILIATION.
The views of the anthracite miners regarding
the board of conciliation and its work are voiced
as follows in a Scranton paper:
"There appears to be a consensus of opinion
among the union workers throughout the region
against the continuation of the conciliation board
as now organized. Complaints are made that
grievances are so long before the board before
being disposed of that the mine workers are
averse to carrying up their complaints and prefer
to submit to the conditions which exist, rather
than go through the long wait, which so frequently
happens. All the representatives of the operators
are unusually busy men, who have but little
time at their disposal for the business of the
board.
"Already there are some suggestions being discussed
among the mines workers as to the manner
in which the board could be improved after the
expiration of the present agreement in April next.
By some it is contended that the members of the
board should be paid by the state, if this is feasible,
and that they should devote their entire time
to the work. The board would then consist of
three members, one to be named by the operators
and one by the mine workers, the two representatives
to name the third member.
"Instead of holding formal sessions to hear testimony,
the board would visit the mines where the
grievances were filed, and inspect the working
places. They would thus be familiarized with the
conditions and would, it is contended, be able to
settle the average dispute without any delay, and
with more satisfaction to both sides. There
seems no doubt but that the mine workers will
ask that the organization o£ the board be changed
at the expiration of the present agreement. There
is a sentiment among them that the board as now
constituted is a board of fighters rather than a
board of conciliators. While it has rendered excellent
service in many cases, it is believed that
the spirit of partisanship on both sides has materially
interfered with its value as a means of
conciliation."
"SOO" CANAL COAL MOVEMENTS.
The movement of coal on the "Soo" canal to
June 1, for the years 1903, 1904 and 1905 was as
follows:
1905. 1904. 1903.
Net tons
Coal, anthracite 215,128 43,365 238,847
Coal, bituminous.... 843,829 84,362 1,403,728
Total 1,058,957 127,727 1,642,575
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
COAL EXPORTS AND IMPORTS.
The exports and imports of coal for April, 1904
and 1905, and for the ten months ending on April
30 of those years were as follows:
Ten Ten
IMPORTS. April April months months
11)114. 1!)05. 1904. 1905.
Anthracite, tree
Bituminious, dutiable,
249 25,224 61,067
United Kingdom 4,283 1,474 110,851 52,062
Other Europe 125 664
British North America... 103,141 110,11:1 1,148,629 1,015,650
Mexico 87 1 221 38
Japan 627 67,524 32.058
Other Asia and Oceanica 0,974 11,111 303,074 162,242
Other countries. 756 3
Total
ANTHRACITE—EXPORTED TO
117,485 123,326 1730,180 1,263,617
France 310 6 310
Italy 12 1 13 711
Other Europe 1 7 18
British North America... 151,664 210,733 1,387,025 1,648,277
Mexico 255 1 868 654
Cuba 2,600 325 14,246 24,061
OtherW. Ind. & Bermuda 409 846 4,190 6,289
Other countries lo 68 1,484 1,792
Total 155,041 221,284 1,407,839 1,682,112
BITUM INOUS—EXPORTED TO
Belgium 2,203 1,930
France 401 9,375 1,732
Germany 303 4,359 543
Italy 17,388 8,882 35,504 42,178
Other Europe 2,145 1,272 24,813 33,387
British North America... 267,186 292,028 3,542,661 3,705,060
Mexico , 83,653 00,307 808,648 710,097
Cuba 51,006 52,216 388,416 445,078
OtherW.Ind. & Bermuda 20,336 43,365 194,108 223,582
Othercountrles 24,575 25.602 101,262 187,449
Total.. 466,690 515,025 5,201,349 5,360,036
Total coal 621,731 736,300 6,609,188 7,042,148
Coke tons. 38,862 61,006 373,860 444,415
THE LAKE COAL OUTPUT.
The tonnage that will be handled to the great
lakes this year will be unprecedented, and it is
probable that there will be some congestion on
docks at the close of the season, even if the various
local shipping companies are able to get all
of their coal there on account of the annual lack
of cars, or motive power, by some one or other
of the lines between here and Lake Erie ports.
The most of the tonnage will be sent by the Pittsburgh
Coal Co. It will ship, in addition to its
own production, the lake production of the big
Pittsburgh-Buffalo Co., the Carnegie Coal Co. and
other smaller concerns, an arrangement having
been made between them. Another large shipper
this year will be the Great Lakes Coal Co., which
is now getting its mines into operation, while a
large number of smaller companies are likely to
enter the trade.
The annual meeting of the Southwestern Coal
Operators' Association opened at Kansas City, Mo.,
on June 13. There are 200 members of the association
from points in Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas,
Indian Territory and Texas.

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ESSEN CHAMBER OPPOSED TO
GOVERNMENT MINE OWNERSHIP.
The annual report of the Essen Chamber of
Commerce has been received by the Prussian minister
of commerce. Essen is the chief center of
the German iron and steel industries. It is there
that the Krupp steel works are located. The report
sets out that the Essen Chamber of Commerce
is opposed to the contemplated movement of the
coal trade. The government is already owner of
coal mines, but its interests are not sufficient to
give it control of the trade. The Essen capitalists
suggest that the government, as a mine owner,
join the coal syndicate and thus "exert a moral
influence over the latter." The avowed object of
the government in its purpose of securing enough
additional mines to make it master of the coal
business in the empire is to prevent the abuses
practice* by the coal-syndicate;: whereby the con­
sumers and the industrial interests of Germany
may be injured, and the miners subjected to low
wages and other undesirable conditions. The temporary
surrender of the coal miners, after maintaining
their great strike for months, was brought
about by the expectation that their grievances
would be remedied through the government's influence.
Public opinion was largely on the side
of the striking miners, and the government openly
sympathized with their demands.
ACTION AGAINST UNION SUPPLY CO.
Proceedings under the law of 1891, commonly
known as the "Company Store Act," we.'e instituted
before Attorney General Carson, at Harrisburg,
Pa., on June 9, to abolish the company stores
conducted by the Union Supply Co. in the soft
coal regions of southwestern Pennsylvania. The
proceedings were brought by Alfred E. Jones, district
attorney of Fayette county, in behalf of
Joseph Hantman and George L. Moore, of Edenborn,
Fayette county. The attorney general fixed
Wednesday, June 21. for hearing the complaint.
The petition alleges that the H. C. Frick Coke Co.
is a corporation formed for the purpose of mining
coal and manufacturing coal into coke in Fayette
county and elsewhere and that the Union Supply
Co. is a corporation formed for the purpose of conducting
a general merchandise business in the
locality. The petition alleges further that the
Union Supply Co. owns and operates many company
or general supply stores in Fayette county,
all of which are located on or near land of the
Frick Coke Co.; that the men who own and operate
the Frick company are interested in, own and
operate the Union Supply Co., compelling their
employes to patronize the supply company or suffer
discharge, thereby unlawfully forcing them to
patronize the stores of the Union Supply Co. The
last proceeding of this kind in which the assist­
ance of the attorney general was invoked was in
1898, when Attorney General McCormick was asked
to proceed against the Old Bangor Slate Co., of
Northampton county. The petitioners failed to
prove their case and the proceedings were dropped.
To Work The Spitzbergen Coal Fields.
The coal fields of Spitzbergen, after consider­
able experimental mining, have been found of
sufficient value to justify more extensive operations.
An expedition has been fitted out at Sheffield,
England, in which also some Norwegian
capital is invested, and the leader has arrived at
Trondhjem, where he is preparing to begin operations.
About 70 men have been engaged. It is
the intention to erect 11 buildings, to be ready-
made, and when set up to be used for lodgings,
sheds for machinery, etc. The larger part of the
machinery is to be taken from England. There
is said to be an excellent harbor near the mines.
A wharf will be built and connection made by a
funicular wire railway with the mines, which are
located at some elevation on the mountain. It
is thought that the summer season will pass in
making preparations, and that but little actual
mining will be done before the winter sets in.
After the shafts have been sunk, cold weather
will not present any serious obstacles to the work.
The capital invested is about $150,000.
GERMAN COAL PRODUCTION.
The official figures for the production of coai in
Germany last two years are as follows, in metric
tons:
1903. 1904.
Coal 116,637,765 120,815,503
Lignite 45,819,488 48,632,769
Total 162,457,253 169,448,272
The increase in coal last year was 4,177,738 tons,
or 3.5 "per cent.; in brown coal, or lignite, 2,813,-
281 tons, or 6.1 per cent.; the total increase being
6,991.019 tons.
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COAL IN THE PHILIPPINES.
Prof. Edwin Maxey, who has made a study of
coal in the Philippines, is of the opinion that the
islands have a natural supply sufficient for their
own needs. He says that with the inevitable
change from house industries to the factory system
and from the carabao to the railroad as a
means of transportation the question of the coal
supply of the Philippines becomes one of rapidly
increasing importance both to them and to us.
To them because upon it depends in large measure
the development of their industries, to us because
of its importance to our navy and merchantmen.
The normal importation of coal by the islands in
the early 90s amounted to nearly $1,000,000 annually.
The bulk of the importations were from
Australia, Japan and Borneo. That of the latter
two being of inferior variety and from all three
the cost was very high, averaging about $9 a ton.
If these conditions are to continue it is clear that
the industrial development of the islands must be
sorely handicapped. But investigation shows
clearly that this is not a necessary condition, that
it is due rather to a failure to utilize the resources
of their own mines. While they probably will
not become exporters of coal, the investigations
thus far made are ample to show that, with modern
methods of mining, a sufficient amount for
home consumption can readily be produced and at
a cost considerably less than is now paid for foreign
coals. Thus far the production has been
very small, due in part to the crude and expensive
methods of mining and the high cost of transportation.
The mining industrials, in common
with all others of the islands, have been severely
hampered by lack of roads. This is clearly shown
by a government report for 1894 on the mines of
Cebu, which says: "At present those establishments
are obliged to transport their coal in carts
drawn by carabaos at a cost of from $3 to $5 a
ton for transportation alone, which expense cannot
be borne and will bring about the ruin of
these enterprises, thereby further discrediting the
coal mining industry and
RETARDING FOR 30 OR 40 YEARS
more the establishment of this industry in the
Philippines."
When we turn to the map and find that Cebu
is a long narrow island, no part of which is more
than a few miles from the coast, and that the
mines referred to are not ten miles from the port
of Tinaan, we can readily see that the present cost
of transport is several times what it would be
with reasonably good means of transportation. As
the taxes of the islands were not, except to a very
limited degree, expended in the construction of
roads, and as the conditions hitherto have not
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
been such as to attract private capital for that
purpose, this prerequisite to civilization and industrial
development has been during the whole
Spanish regime, here as elsewhere, a sort of an
orphan child. Now that the insurrection is ended
throughout the islands we may safely conclude
that a new era in the development of transportation
facilities, and of the industries dependent
upon them, is at hand.
Coal deposits of very considerable extent are
known to exist in the islands of Mindanao, Masbato,
Cebu, Albay, Samar, Luzon, Mindoro, Negros
and Tayabas. The coal belongs to the sime geo
logic age as that of Russia, Austria, Italy, Spain,
etc., and is classed as lignite or brown coal.
While this variety of coal is inferior to anthracite
or bituminous, the inferiority is not so great
as to render it unavailable for most purposes. It
is an excellent variety of lignite, being superior
to those of Japan and Borneo, which have been
imported in large quantities.
The extent of the deposits cannot as yet be
stated with much accuracy, as some of the fields
have not been worked at all, so that we are confined
to estimates. However, according to the
most conservative of these estimates the supply
is sufficient to last for many years. The coal
fields cover a large area and the veins are reason
ably thick. The principal vein thus far discovered
has a thickness of 17 feet of merchantable
coal. This will compare very favorably with the
thickness of veins in the other coal fields of the
world, being several times the average thickness
of the coal veins on the continent of Europe.
OTHER VEINS ARE MUCH THINKER,
but for some time these will not need to be
worked. Not for some time will it be necessary
to resort to deep mining. In the Uling mines
alone nearly a million tons are to be found above
the river level. While a million tons of coal does
not seem like a large quantity to Americans, it
means an enormous amount to the development
of the industries of the Philippine islands. But
this is only one of the many mines in the island
of Cebu which is but one of the many coal producing
islands of the archipelago.
The coal has been tried in steamers with the
following results: "That all varieties of it are
of very good application for combustion in the
fireboxes of steam engines, both on account of
the facility with which they blaze with a flame,
and because of the important conditions of not
choking up, neither giving off a very heavy smoke
nor producing a great quantity of ash. That in
this respect they are superior to the coals from
Australia, inasmuch as their caloric power does
not differ much, and the difference between these

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
and the English coals is not so great as would
be supposed." The caloric power for the coals
of Cebu Esperanza mines being 7,461, for Australia
coals, Newcastle and Sydney mixture, 6,637,
and for Cardiff coal, 8,372.
The advantages and disadvantages of the Phil­
ippines as a coal producing territory may be summed
up as follows: Coal fields of great extent.
a considerable amount of coal which can lie
quarried out on the banks of the rivers by means
of "drifts" so that for some time it will not be
necessary to use the more expensive method of
"slopes" and "shafts;" none of the coal fields is
very far from tidewater; the coal is of good quality,
being equal to Australian and superior to
Japanese coals; the cost of labor is very low; timber
for props is very abundant and cheap. There
are on the other hand important disadvantages:
A lack of roads, some of the veins are thin and
many are what miners call "faulty" sometimes
to the extent of necessitating either the abandonment
of the vein or a new opening; the labor is
not very efficient, in fact most of the skilled labor
will come from America, Europe or Australia;
the variety of coal is inferior to American and
English coals.
Notwithstanding all.the disadvantages, coal can
be produced in the Danao coal fields at a cost of
$1.40 at the pit's mouth, and after paying $3 to
$5 for transportation can be sold at $S to $10 per
ton, thus yielding a profit of from $1.60 to $5.60
per ton. With the reduction which can easily be
made in the cost of transportation and in the
profits, coal can be produced in large quantities at
about half the present cost. That this will be an
immense advantage to the industries of the islands
is too clear to require proof, and it is
equally clear that it will be no small advantage
and convenience to our navy and merchant marine.
Steps Towards Waterways Convention.
June 29-30 has been fixed as the date for the
conference at Cincinnati of representatives of river
and harbor interests throughout the country, to
arrange plans and program for the national waterways
convention to be held in Washington shortly
after congress convenes this fall. Secretary J. F.
Ellison, of the Ohio Valley Improvement Association,
which is taking the initiative in the movement
for the convention, has sent out invitations
to the preliminary conference in which it is emphasized
that the purpose of the proposed convention
is solely to urge congress to make larger
appropriations for all river and harbor improve­
ments, and that it will be similar to the Baltimore
convention of 1901, which brought forth a $60,000,-
000 river and harbor bill from the next congress.
COAL DEALERS' GATHERINGS.
The following meetings anu outings of coal
dealers' associations are scheduled for June:
Excursion of the Retail Coal Dealers' Associa­
tion of the New England States, leaves New York
for a visit to the anthracite regions June -i.
Northwestern Retail Coal Dealers' Association,
meets at Duluth, June 27, 28 and 29.
Pennsylvania Retail Coal Merchants' Associa­
tion meets at Reading, June 21 and 22.
Coal Dealers' Association of Iowa and Nebraska
meets at Omaha, June 22 and 23.
Wholesale and Retail Coal Dealers' Association
of Ohio meets at Hotel Victory, Putin-Bay, July
5 to July 8.
Midstate Wholesale and Retail Coal Dealers'
Association meets at Kansas City, June 14 and 15.
New York and Pennsylvania Retail Coal Dealers'
Association will have their annual outing from
Pittsburgh, starting June 20 and lasting through
June 23.
UPPER LAKE PORT DOCK PRICES.
The following is the new schedule of prices of
bituminous coals, put into effect by the dock owners
at Lake Michigan and Lake Superior ports:
Smither's Creek hand picked splint $3.25
Kanawha, West Virginia, splint 3.15
Hocking domestic lump 3.00
Hocking run-of-pile 2.70
Hocking screenings 2.00
Hocking washed stove 3.00
Youghiogheny lump 3.00
Youghiogheny run-of-pile 2.70
Youghiogheny nut 3.00
Youghiogheny screenings 2.35
West Virginia lump 3.00
West Virginia run-of-pile 2.70
West Virginia nut 3.00
West Virginia screenings 2.35
Eastern Ohio lump 3.00
Eastern Ohio run-of-pile 2.70
Eastern Ohio screenings 2.00
Youghiogheny or West Virginia cargo nut( ser.)3.00
Youghiogheny or West Virginia cargo nut
(unscreened) 2.65
Smokeless lump and egg 4 50
Smokeless run-of-pile 3 05
Smithing 4 ny
British Columbia's Coal Output.
The coal output of British Columbia for 1904
was 1,253,638 long tons, valued at $3,760,884. The
coke output was 334,102 long tons valued at $1,-
192,140.

BUNKER COAL PRICES.
The following are the current English prices
for bunker coal for mercantile steamers at foreign
coaling stations. All per ton of 2,240 lbs. (Conti­
nental ports 1,000 kilos) unless otherwise named;
the first column of prices showing rates on special
coals, the second South Welsh coal:
Aden Bengal 26s. 30s.
Algiers 18s. 6d.
Amsterdam Westphalian 14s.
Antwerp Westphalian 13s. 6d
Bahia 37s. 6d.
Bahia Blanca 31s.
Bergen North Country 17s. 6d
Bombay Bengal 17s. 6d. 26s.
Calcutta Bengal Rs. 8
Cape Town 44s.
Cette French 22s. 6d
Colombo Bengal 17s. 6d. 32s. 6d.
Constantinople 21s.
Copenhagen Nor. Country 16s. 6d
Dartmouth 20s.
Dunkirk French Naval 16s. 6d
Fayal 23s. 6d.
Fiume 23s.
Genoa Nor. Country 19s. 21s.
Gibraltar 22s.
Hamburg Nor. Country 13s. 6d.
Havre 20s.
Hong Kong Japanese *
Karachi Bengal 18s. 6d. 27s.
Keelung Formosa *
Kobe Japanese *
La Plata 24s.
Las Palmas 25s. 6d.
Lisbon 23s.
Maderia 25s.
Malta 19s.
Marseilles 22s. 6d.
Mauritius Bengal 31s. 40s.
Messina 18s.
Moji Japanese *
Montevideo 28s. 6d.
Muroran Japanese *
Naples Nor. Country 18s. 6d. 20s.
Natal Natal 16s. 6d
Otaru Japanese *
Pernambuco 37s. 6d.
Portland 20s.
Port Said 23s. 6d.
Rio de Janeiro 30s.
Rotterdam Nor. Country 14s
["Pocahontas |
St. Lucia ) or Welsh at 22s. 6d. I
suppliers' option...)
St. Michaels 22s. 6d.
St. Vincent, C.V 27s.
Shanghai Japanese *
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
Singapore Japanese * 32s.
Stettin Silesian 16s. 6d
Suez 33s. 6d.
Syra (Greece) 18s.
Teneriffe 25s. 6d.
Yokohama Japanese *
* Price on application.
PERSONAL.
Dr. George Revay, who attended the meeting of
the Iron and Steel Institute in London, has returned
on the S. S. "Kaiser Wilhelm II." after
an extensive business trip in Europe. Dr. Revay
who came to America years ago as a well known
expert on modern coking plants, is propagating
the famous Coppie patent coke oven in this country.
His office is at 45 Cedar street, New York
City, where he devotes himself besides the construction
of by-product coke ovens to consulting
work as a chemical engineer in the metallurgical
and mining line.
Mr. J. A. Murray, general coal and coke agent
of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, died at his home
in Baltimore on June 2. Mr. Murray spent practically
his entire life in the service of the Baltimore
& Ohio, becoming connected with its Baltimore
office as a messenger in 1871, when only 12 years
old. He had held the position of general coal and
coke' agent since 1898 and had a host of friends
among those identified with coal interests.
Mr. F. C. Weber, Pittsburgh manager of the
Rand Drill Co., has returned to his offices in the
Farmers Bank buuaing after a short absence in
the east. He was recuperating from an illness
on Long Island and conferring with nie executives
of the company in New York.
Mr. George A. Magoon, of the United Coal Co.
of Pittsburgh, attended the eleventh annual convention
of the Michigan and Indiana Retail Coal
Association at Jackson, Mich.
Mr. J. H. Hugus, of the Hugus Coal & Coke Co.,
Bessemer building, Pittsburgh, is home from an
eastern trip during which he closed substantial
contracts.
Mr. Austin King has resigned as superintendent
for the Dominion Coal Co., of Sydney, Nova Scotia.
The Potts-Andrews Fuel Co. has engaged in business
at Fort Worth, Tex.

CLOSING OF GERMAN COAL
MINES REGULATED BY LAW.
The Prussian diet on May 29 passed a law forbidding
owners to shut down coal mines unless in
cases where it can be proved that the mines have
been operated at a loss. The law is the outgrowth
of conditions which arose about a year ago, when
the coal syndicate was reorganized and a number
of the smaller mines where the cost of operation
was relatively high were shut down. This caused
a considerable loss of employment in some districts,
compelling the miner to migrate to districts
where the most powerful companies were
situated. The new law empowers the employers
board of mining inspectors to order resumption of
work at any mine, which has been idle for six
months, provided it can be shown that the mine
can be operated profitably. If the owners refuse
the board can institute compulsory process. The
owners have the right to abandon their property
to the state if they are unwilling to continue operations,
or the state can, as a last resort, dispossess
the recalcitrant owners.
TO TEST AMERICAN COAL IN ITALY.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
An effort will shortly be made to introduce
American coal, in considerable quantities, into
northern Italy. Hite & Rafetto, of Philadelphia,
have loaded a vessel with 2,800 tons of bituminous,
and upon the reception that it meets with in Italy
rests the fate of an experimental order for 50,-
000 tons from the same firm. The initial cargo
is to be of mixed coal, part to be used for gas
production purposes and the rest for steam coal.
Upon its arrival in Naples, the discharging point,
it will be pitted in a thorough test against the
Welsh varieties, which have so far pretty well
held the field against American invasion, as is
evidenced by the fact that the present shipment
is about the first in over a year to southern European
ports from Baltimore. The result of the
test will probably be known in about a month's
time, and Hite & Raffetto are confident of filling
the balance of that 50,000-ton order. They base
their faith upon a similar test between the American
products handled by them and Welsh coal
sent to Brazilian ports. Recently the firm sent
out the steamer Dana with 2,750 tons for South
America, and will shortly send out about 4,000
more tons.
The anthracite coal tonnage in May was 6,005,-
158 tons, the largest in the history of the trade,
against 5,285,079 tons in May, 1904, the increase
for the month being 720,079 tons.
DEAD WORK SCALE DISCUSSED.
A conference of miners and operators was held
at Pittsburg, Kan., recently to discuss the dead
work scale and try to reach some agreement as
to what the provisions of the contract really call
for. The dispute pertains to the payment of work
where the rooms are not of the necessary width.
The contract provides as follows:
"That in all cases where miners are unable to
secure necessary width in rooms, being prevented
by horseback or other unavoidable obstacles, the
prices to be paid for such work shall be the same
as stipulated (that is, the dead work scale in the
contract). Where the width obtained in rooms
is less than 12 feet and over six feet the price
shall be determined proportionately."
The miners claim that where the width is over
12 feet, but under the necessary width, the miners
should be allowed extra compensation for dead
work, and that a bad roof is an unavoidable obstacle
the same as horseback. The operators hold
that 12 feet is a necessary width, and that where
work is over that- width the miners can claim
nothing extra as compensation, that the contract
provides only for cases of 12 feet or less. The
dispute came up from mine No. 10 of the J. R.
Crowe Coal Co. The conference adjourned wuout
a decision being announced.
PUSHING SHIP CANAL WORK.
The engineers employed by the Lake Erie &
Ohio River Ship Canal Co. are making a thorough
inspection of the territory through which the projected
waterway is to pass. They will be occupied
for several months in completing their location
surveys, and when this is accomplished there
will be a choice of routes available. It is the
expectation of the management that the surveys
will be completed and the necessary financial arrangements
made so that contracts for the excavating
of the canal can be let and the work of
digging be begun early next year, or as soon as the
frost of the coming winter is out of the ground.
A new device for removing the dust from breakers
has recently been put to test in one of the
breakers of the Pennsylvania Coal Co., near Pittston,
and has proved to be a sueoess. By the new
arrangements the dust from the breaker is drawn
into the pipes and is carried some distance from
the breaker before being allowed to get out into
the air. In order that the pipes may not be
blocked, the exhaust from the engine is forced
through them and water also flows through the
pipes.

TIDEWATER COAL SHIPMENTS.
The tidewater shipments of coal in 1904 were as
follows, the figures representing short tons:
Anthracite. Bituminous.
New York 12,841,063 S,455,337
Philadelphia 1,911,322 3,630,942
Baltimore 238,738 2,064,060
Newport News 2,655,697
Norfolk, Va 2,119,513
Total 14,991,123 18,925,549
The lake shipments and exports of anthracite
coal last year were as follows:
Total.
Lake shipments 3,463,102
Exported to Canada 2,193,746
Exported to other countries. . . 34,646 2,228,392
The distribution of anthracite coal in 1904 was
as follows, in tons:
Tidewater shipments 14,991,113
Lake shipments 3,463,102
Exports 2,228,392
Consumed in New York, Philadelphia
and contiguous markets 36,809,915
Total 57,492,522
TO BE A RECORD YEAR.
In the opinion of many of the leaders of the
Pennsylvania soft coal industry this will be a
record year for production. John H. Jones,
president of the Pittsburgh-Buffalo Co., has ventured
the assertion that the bituminous output of
the state for 1905 will be from 10 to 20 per cent.
greater than ever before. President Francis L.
Robbins, of the Pittsburgh Coal Co., in a recent
interview made the following statement:
"With the very encouraging crop outlook and the
revival in trade and industry, more coal will likely
go up to the great lakes this year from Pittsburgh
than during any time in the history of the trade.
The effect of the crops on the coal markets is not
generally understood, but it is a fact that in times
of good crops the consumption of coal increases
enormously and accordingly decreases in years
when the yield of the great farms of the West
is smaller. This comes about through the fact
that the people buy more liberally of fuel, and the
railroads use much greater quantities in conducting
their business in view of the greater tonnage
hauled."
The Federal Clay Products Co., a subsidiary company
of the Pittsburgh Coal Co., has been formed
to utilize the clay, much of which is high-grade
fire clay, taken from the company's mines in the
Pittsburgh district.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. .",7
THE WELSH COAL SUPPLY.
The British Royal Coal Commissioners, ap­
pointed last year, gave very encouraging figures
to the effect that the supply would meet the de­
mand at the present rate of output for nearly 400
years. Since the commission's report was made
public Sir W. T. Lewis, a geologist, mineralogist
and one of the most experienced engineers in
Great Britain, has published a report on the coal
resources of several districts in England and
Wales. In this report he states that the supply
of the South Wales district would endure at the
rate of the output of 1903 (42.153.2S7 tonsl 63S
years. Mr. Lewis' survey is considered as most
thorough and his figures as authentic. Up to the
present the North Wales coal districts have not
been worked on a very large scale, and the estimated
net available number of tons remaining
unworked are: Flintshire, 771,368,012 tons; Denbighshire,
905,699,877 tons.
Telephones in Mines.
Probably the first move made in this or any
other country to compel the use of the telephone
by law was embodied in a proposition lately suggested
to the Illinois legislature. It was proposed
that a statute be enacted requiring the coal
operators of Illinois to equip all their mines with
telephone systems, with separate wires extending
from each station in the mines to all openings, and
with enough stations to give the miners who may
be imprisoned on account of an explosion or fire
a fair opportunity to get into communication
with those on the surface, even if the passageways
are blocked and they cannot make their own way
to safety.
Two Practical Papers On Mining.
Two papers of more than usual interest were
read before the North of England Institute of
mining and mechanical engineers. One of these
papers was by J. T. Beard and was devoted to the
influence of the roof in long-wall working. Mr.
Beard emphasized the point that control of the
roof pressure is the all-important feature of longwall
and that while the movement of the overburden
cannot be successfully opposed, it can be
controlled by diverting its action in a direction
where it will assist the general work of mining.
The prevention of gob-fires was treated by George
Farmer. Mr. Farmer, who practically exhausted
the list of means for combating this evil, regards
the exclusion of oxygen by practical means which
he described, as the best means of attaining the
desired end.

38
AN ATTRACTIVE CIRCULAR.
In an attractive circular, printed on wedding
stationery, M. A. Hanna & Co. announced that
the firm would be represented at the eleventh annual
convention of the Michigan and Indiana Retail
Coal Association, at Jackson, Mich., by 0. P.
Rank, sales agent, Cleveland. 0.; Joseph Micheltree,
resident agent, Toledo, 0.; T. L. Cole, traveling
salesman for Michigan, and C. N. Hickok,
traveling salesman for Indiana, and that they
would be pleased to meet members of the association
and their friends in parlors E and F, at the
Otsego. The circular also carried the following:
THE COAI. SALESMAN'S SOLILOQUY.
With apologies to the late William Shakespeare
and the late Hamlet, Prince of Denmark.
To go or not to go. that's what puzzles me;
Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to stay at
Home, and kick myself all summer
Or to take arms against a sea of doubts
And by going, end them. To eat; to sleep.
Oh no; (I'll sleep when I get home) and by a sleep
to say we end
The headache, and the thousand shocks
A coal man's heir to. 'tis more luck than
I expect. To eat, to sleep;
To sleep; perchance to dream; ay. there's the rub.
For in that sleep what dreams may come
When we have shuffled off a quart or more
Must give us pause; there's the effect
That makes calamity the salesman's life,
For who would bear the kicks about his run-ofmine,
Cars on the road too long, the buyer's contumely.
The pangs of canceled orders, the train's delay.
The insolence of office, and the spurns
The patient salesman of the unworthy takes
When he himself might his departure take
Witn a bare order book. He would not bear
To grunt and sweat under this weary life
But that the hope of orders yet to come in
The undiscovered town beyond whose bourne
No salesman yet has reached, spurs him on
And makes him bear the ills he has
And fly to others that he knows full well.
Thus perseverance does make heroes of us all
And thus the native hue of disappointment
Is burnished o'er with the bright cast of patient
energy
And enterprises of great pith and moment
With this regard their currents guide aright
And take the name of action. Soft you now!
The fair Jackson! Nymph, in thy conipany
Be all my sins forgotten.
Imports of fuel into Spain for the two months
ending February 28 were 306,669 metric tons of
coal and 26,792 tons of coke.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
p RETAIL TRADE NOTES. P*j
The Brooklyn Consumers' Coal Co. has been incorporated
to do a retail business in coal and
kindlings. The capital is $25,000 and the incorporators
are H. J. Hirst and Roland Beesley,
Brooklyn, and Edgar Martin, New York City.
*
The Wick Coal & Ice Co. has oeen formed at
Cleveland by A. A. Wick and others to do a retail
coal business. The capital is $10,000.
The Missouri Pacific has restored the competitive
rates on coal from Arkansas points, thus
saving the shipper $3 to $4 a car.
The Bedford Coal & Mill Co. has been incorporated
at Bedford City, Va., with a capital of
$25,000 to deal in coal, wood, etc.
The Bingham Coal & Cartage Co. has been organized
at Toledo, O.. with a capital of $15,000 to
do a retail coal business.
*
C. C. Isley & Co. have succeeded to the lumber
and coal business of Howell. Rhinehart & Co., at
Cimarron, Kas.
The Farmers Grain & Coal Co. has been incorporated
at Pocahontas. Ia., with a cap . - stock
of V1..,000.
*
J. P. Harding has been succeeded in the coal
and lumber business at Wallace, Neb., by Harding
& Spencer.
*
At Lincoln, Neb., the Yates Lumber & Coal Co.
has been incorporated with a capital stock of $25,-
000.
*
The Kansas City Coal Co. has been incorporated
at Kansas City, Kas., with a capital stock of $2,000.
W. H. Esworth has purchased the coal and lumber
business of S. B. Purdy at Fort Collins, Colo.
The Burlington Fuel Co. has been succeeded in
business at Burlington, la., by A. E. Davis
*
George Brill has purchased the feed and coal
business of the Poast Co., Omaha, Neb.
J. F. DePue has purchased the coal business of
Leeman & Leeman, at Holton, Kas.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
THE PULSE OF THE MARKETS.
There has been practically no change in the
general coal market during the last fortnight. In
the bituminous trade the western market is dull
on account of over-supply. The Chicago market
is still feeling the effect of the teamsters' strike
which appears to have settled into a contest in
which the most patient side will win. Lower lake
trade is showing a little improvement. The Pittsburgh
Coal Co. has made some good lake contracts
recently and other concerns have done the
same. There is every reason to believe that this
year's lake business will break all past records.
The market in the upper lake region continues
steady. In the south the heavy demand for coal
is still stimulating production. Every ton of coal
mined in the Tennessee-Alabama region is being
consumed as fast as it can be handled. Trade in
the lower Mississippi valley is good with supplies
fair. Water shipments are about over for the
present. No change is reported from the West
Virginia fields all of which are producing up to
the transportation capacity of the railroads. Much
complaint is being manifested in all the coal producing
sections of the state as a result of the failure
of the railroads to provide adequate shippingfacilities
and every practicable means is being exhausted
to force an improvement in the situation.
The smaller concerns are becoming clamorous,
though there is no evidence to show that they are
receiving any worse treatment than their larger
competitors. Charges of discrimination are being
freely made and in several cases legal action has
been begun to bring about a readjustment of the
distribution of cars. In the Illinois-Indiana fields
production has been still further curtailed owing
to the slack demand for their output. A further
curtailment is probable in the former state in view
of the difference of opinion between the miners
and their employers as to who shall bear the expense
that will be added to the cost of production
after the shot-firer law becomes effective. In the
Pittsburgh district, conditions are at high tide.
Every mine in the district is working to its utmost
capacity and no difficulty is experienced in
marketing the big product. With the assurance
that there are to be no serious labor disturbances
in the iron and steel trade and with a current demand
equal to its present production, the outlook
is extremely bright and predictions of an early
advance in prices have been made. The expected
June rise in the rivers materialized but it was
neither of sufficient extent nor duration to be of
much practical use. About 4,000,000 bushels of
coal were sent out but more than twice that
amount remains in the Pittsburgh harbor, shippers
wisely preferring not to take the risk of sending
it out. The only unsatisfactory feature of the
district situation is the inability to get empty
craft through the upper Ohio and into the pools.
Production has been heavy at the river mines and
a long-continued drought would result in closing
a number of them. Run-of-mine is firm at $1.00
to $1.05.
The coke situation continues dull. Consumers
are buying only for present needs and both production
and shipments have fallen off to some extent.
The Frick company has stopped work at
some of its smaller plants and many of the independent
plants are either idle or on half time. It
seems probable that buying for fall and winter delivery
will not begin before next month. Firstclass
furnace coke is quoted at $1.80 to $1.90 and
No. 1 foundry at $2.50 to $2.60.
The Atlantic seaboard soft-coal trade is in a
fair condition, as most of the producers are receiving
a sufficient number of orders to move all
the coal that they are mining. The large accumulations
at tidewater have been absorbed without
much effort and the same is true of the large
arrivals at various ports in the far east. A number
of contracts have been closed recently and
this class of business may be expected to continue
in constantly diminishing volume for the
rest of the month. Prices remain about the same.
Owing to the close scrutiny which the railroads
are keeping over the arrivals at tidewater points,
it seems improbable that such accumulations as
have been seen recently can occur again, as the
fear of an embargo, at the appearance of an undue
accumulation, acts as a check on those producers
who are inclined to overdo their shipping
capacity. Trade in the far east shows a fair demand
with a good normal quantity going forward.
Trade along the sound seems to be taking a little
more coal, as consumers, under pressure, are willing
to accept a few shipments. New York harbor
trade is not active, although it has absorbed a good
quantity of coal (luring the last week. All-rail
trade continues in good condition.
The anthracite trade is practically featureless.
While not as active as it. was during April and
May, it still shows rather more than the volume
of business usually expected at this time of the
year. Anthracite shipments during May were, in
round numbers, 6,005,000 tons, as compared with
5,278,041 tons in April, showing that the trade
as a whole did not take full advantage of the

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
April discount. Shipments during the five months
were thus 24,872,787 tons, as compared with 23,-
528,412 tons in the same period of 1904. All-rail
trade remains at its proportionately large volume.
It is reported that the New York. New Haven &
Hartford, finding that its policy of seeking allrail
consignments in preference to water shipments
has embarrassed its traffic facilities, has
decided to reinstate some of its receiving docks at
New Haven and New London, with a view to
allowing a larger proportion of its cargoes to arrive
by water.
Hull, Blyth & Co., of London and Cardiff, report
the market unchanged with quotations as follows:
Best Welsh steam coal, $3.36; seconds, $3.24;
thirds. $3.06; dry coals, $3.12; best Monmouthshire,
$3.00; seconds. $2.94; best small steam coal,
$2.22; seconds, $1.98; other sorts, $1.80.
MICHIGAN'S COAL PRODUCTION.
The report of Michigan's coal production for the
12 months ending November 30, 1904, shows that
during the year there was an average of 28 mines,
large and small, in operation. The output of coal
for the 12 months was 1,414,834 tons, an average
cf 117.906 tons each month. The average cost of
mining this coal was $2,2S6,160.21, or an average
of $1.62 per ton. A period of four months, from
November 30, 1904, to March 31, of this year, is
covered by a supplementary bulletin. The amount
of coal mined in each coal producing county is
given. The counties of Saginaw and Bay show
the production each month, while the counties of
Jackson, Shiawassee, Huron and Eaton give only
the aggregate for the entire four months. The
total production in the state for the four months
was 497,725 tons, or an average of 1^,-.,431 tons
each month, at, an average cost of $1.61 per ton.
This was 78,505 tons less than was produced in
the corresponding months last year. Appearances
indicate tnat the production will increase during
the next eight months, and that Michigan will
produce more coal in 1905 than in any previous
year.
Falling Off In Australian Coal Trade.
The total coal exports from the port of Newcastle,
New South Wales, for the full year were
668,479 tons in 190.'! and 608,129 tons in 1904;
showing a decrease of 611.350 tons last year. In
the Australian interstate and New Zealand trade
the decrease was 29,000 tons, Victoria showing a
falling off of 30,980 tons, and New Zealand an increase
of 5,314 tons. In the foreign trade the
principal decreases were Mauritius 8,000, Peru 7,-
400, United States 6.800, India 5.800 and Hong
Kong 4,600 tons.
FOREIGN COAL AND COKE SUPPLY.
The bureau of statistics of the department ot
commerce and labor reports exports of coal and
coke from the United States for the four months
ending April 30 as follows:
1904. 1905. Changes.
Anthracite 483,980 57S.015 I. 94.035
Bituminous 1.555.053 1,803.327 1.248,274
Total coal 2,039,033 2.381,342 1.342,309
Coke 163,397 190,303 1.26,906
Total 2,202,430 2,571,645 1.369,215
The coke went chiefly to Mexico. Some was
shipped to Canada, the latter being taken by blast
furnaces of Ontario. The coal exports were distributed
as follows: 19Q4 lg05 changes.
Canada 1.268,784 1,572.253 1.303,269
Mexico 364,498 339,546 D. 24,952
Cuba 166,846 185,244 1.18,398
Other West Indies. 89,223 116,173 I. 26,950
France 5,309 405 D. 4,904
Italy 19,490 20,034 I. 544
Other Europe 14,851 6,711 D. 8,140
Other countries 109,832 140,976 1.31,144
Total 2,039,033 2,381,342 1.342,309
The chief customers were Canada, Mexico, Cuba
and the other West Indies. The coal to other
countries went principally to South America. Exports
to Canada in detail were as follows:
1904. 1905. Changes.
Anthracite 471,844 562,160 1.90,316
Bituminous 797,140 1,010,093 1.212,953
Total 1.268.9S4 1,572.253 1.303,269
The increase in anthracite was 19.1 per cent.,
and in bituminous, 26.7 per cent.; making a gain
of 23.9 per cent, in the total exports.
Imports of coal into the United States for the
four months ending April 30 are reported by the
bureau as follows: 1Qn. ln. _,
1904. 1905. Changes.
Canada 470.597 443,661 D. 26,936
Great Britain 34,737 20,366 D. 14,371
Other Europe 50 113 I. 63
Japan 18,384 16,251 D. 2,133
Australia 73.614 35,611 D. 38,003
Other countries... 977 158 D. 813
Total 598,359 516.160 D. 82,199
Of the coal imported this year, 2,985 tons were
classed as anthracite; the balance was bituminous.
With the exception of some Nova Scotia coal which
comes to Boston, the imports from Canada were
British Columbia coal, received at California ports
There was a large decrease this year in Australian
coal, which comes to California. Nearly all
the Japanese coal is received at Manila.

The Koontz Mining Co., New Martinsville, W.
Va.; capital. $50,000; incorporators, Jacob Koontz
and Henry Koontz, of New Martinsville; John E.
Koontz. of Parkersburg; C. H. Collins, of Pennsboro,
and A. T. Hughes, of Moundsville.
1—
Holly Ridge Coal Co., Gauley Bridge, W. Va.;
capital, $50,000; incorporators, F. S. Arter. E. N.
Brohler, of Bloomer, W. Va.; Berkley Minor, Jr.,
of Charleston; A. S. Bretherton and H. A. Merz,
of Cleveland.
— H —
New River & Pocahontas Coal Co., Philadelphia;
capital of $1,000,000; incorporators, Henry A.
Berwind, John E. Berwind and E. B. Chase, Philadelphia;
and E. J. Sprain, of Wilmington, Del.
I
Haring-Wilson Coal Co., Massillon. O.; capital,
$30,000; incorporators, J. C. Haring, James A.
Wilson, William Penman, Thomas F. Whalen and
Robert W. McCaughey.
—+—
South Canon Coal Co., New York City; capital,
$600,000; incorporators, J. H. Koehler, New York
City; N. R. P. Malony, Brooklyn; F. P. Woodruff,
Elizabeth, N. J.
h— •
W. M. Whitmore Coal Co., Dayton, O.; capital.
$75,000; incorporators, W. M. Whitmore, R. E.
Murphy, C. G. McMullen, S. A. Dickson, Joseph
Light.
— i
Struthers Coal & Coke Co., Uniontown, Pa.; capital,
$500,000; incorporators, W. C. Runyon, New
York; George L. Fairbank, Albert Crossman, Cleveland.
h—
M. A. Hanna Coal Co.. Cleveland; capital, $100,-
000; incorporators, J. S. Ashley, R. L. Ireland, W.
B. Whiting, Samuel W. Folsom and G. W. Richard.
—+—
Hoosier Smokeless Coal Co., Sebastian, Ark.;
capital, $400,000; incorporators, J. A. Lingle, B. F.
Turley, Edward Andrew, E. S. Scott, W. W. Lingle.
Crescent Coal & Coke Co., Connellsville, Pa.;
capital, $15,000; incorporators, James S. Bryner,
Henry J. Hetzel, E. L. Marietta, Connellsville.
1
Cochran Coal Co., Jackson, O.; capital, $25,000;
incorporators, A. J., and Mary B. Cochran, George
and M. M. Wheldon and Wesley Harrison.
1
The Wayne Coal Co., Lodi, O.; capital, $30,000;
incorporators, W. S. Reed, C. S. Reed, R. R. Woods,
J. A. Hower, R. K. Gamble.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
Center Mountain Coal Mining Co., Union City,
Tenn.; capita], $200,000; incorporators, J. A. Coble.
E. H. Marshall and others.
Beaver Creek Coal & Coke Co., Ashland, Ky.;
capital, $100,000; incorporators, M. F. Fleming and
others, of Ashland, Ky.
— H —
Freeburn Coal & Coke Co., Lynchburg, Va.; capital,
$75,000; incorporators, J. R. Gillam and others,
of Lynchburg, Va.
—I
Price Hill Fuel Co., Fayetteville, W. Va.; capital,
$250,000; incorporators, S. Dixon and others.
—+—
Tennessee Consolidated Coal Co.; capital, $500.-
000; incorporators, E. L. Hampton and others.
Acetylene Gas as a Mine Explosive.
Acetylene gas. generated with water from carbide
of calcium, is now being used as an explosive
in German coal mines. By means of an air mixture,
explosive force is obtained which can compete
with that of powder and dynamite. The explosion
takes place in an air chamber and is
caused by an electric spark. For this purpose
carbide of calcium is reduced to small particles
and put into a cartridge, consisting of a tin box.
Tn this the carbide lies at the bottom and above
it is a partition filled with water. Above this is
a vacant space with the electric percussion device.
On the side of the cartridge is an iron pin by
means of which the partition between the carbide
and the water can be perforated. After the drill
hole has been completed the cartridge is placed
into it and the hole is closed with a wooden stopper.
Then the protruding iron pin is dealt a blow,
by which the partition is perforated and the water
is caused to come in contact with the carbide,
whereby acetylene gas is generated. This mixes
with the air of the drill hole. After five minutes
the gas is ignited by an electric spark. By this
method of blasting the rock is said to be not
thrown out but rent with innumerable cracks, so
that it can be easily removed afterwards. About
1.7 ounces of carbide, which produce about 16
quarts of acetylene gas, are used for each cartridge.
The property of the Riverview Coal Mining Co.,
with an appraised value of $76,000, was sold in
bankruptcy court at Buffalo, recently, for $40,500
to Frank S. Smith, of the Shawmut Coal ~ Coke
Co. The Shawmut company owns the mines adjacent
to the Riverview company at Riverview,
Armstrong county, Pa.

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ENGINEERS ORDERED NEW
CHARTS OF THE OHIO RIVER.
The conference of United States engineers to
consider and report on plans for improving the
Ohio river was begun on June 8 at the headquarters
of Col. E. H. Ruffner at Cincinnati, 'the
officials in attendance were Lieutenant-Colonel D.
W. Lockwood, Lieutenant-Colonel Clinton B. Sears,
Colonel Ruffner, Major W. L. Sibert, of Pittsburgh,
and Major H. Zinn, all of whom are connected
with the government's river department.
The task before them was to report on the practicability
of improving the Ohio by giving it a
six-foot stage or a nine-foot stage of water; to
define ways and means for carrying out such improvements,
the probable expense and the resulting
influence the improvement would have on
river traffic and on industries within tne river
district. The conference was in session for several
days. To get information accurate enough as a
basis for Congress to act on at its next session.
it was decided to order a number of new surveys
of various sections of the river in addition to those
at present in progress. The Cincinnati department
will have charge of several of these. It
was not considered necessary by the engineers to
give any hearing to the business bodies or the
steamboat interests to settle what improvements
are most needed. The report of the engineers
will be transmitted to Washington and will be the
basis of further action in the line of river improvements.
REPORT OF THE ZEIGLER DISASTER.
The report of the board which investigated the
Zeigler mine disaster that caused the loss of 51
lives, has just been made public by Governor
Deneen of Illinois. The findings are somewhat
severe on the owners, the report stating ,.iat the
mine had not been submitted to daily inspection
as required, cross-cuts had not been made every
60 feet and a large quantity of powder had been
stored in one of the passages, which was contrary
to the law. Legal action is likely to follow the
report, but its immediate effect will be to cause
a stricter enforcement of the mining laws in
Illinois.
The Jones & Laughlin Steel Co.. through the
Vesta Coal Co., has purchased 10,000 acres of
Washington county (Pa.) coal. The price announced
is in the neighborhood of $3,000,000. This
included two or three tracts of surface land which
were purchased with the coal. The average price
for the coal was somewhat less than $300 an acre.
The property lies in the fifth pool of the Monongahela.
"Large space pays better than small space," says
a successful advertiser of 20 years' experience.
"True, it costs more money, but the returns are
invariably greater in proportion to the increased
cost. You wouldn't expect a salesman to make
sales if he didn't talk above a whisper, neither
can you expect an advertisement to bring results
unless it is large enough to compel attention so
that he who runs may read and be convinced."
— o —
Down in Tennessee there is an editor who, waxing
eloquent over the outlook for river improvement,
opines that "when tidewater is brought to
Tennessee's mines, they can be transported and
marketed the world over." The best business
practice of the present time restricts the transportation
to the output and the stock certificates.
Peddling coal mines on either boats or push carts
is not considered good form.
— o —
A United States government engineer reports
having discovered an "inexhaustible" vein of coal
in the Panama canal strip ceded to this country.
It was to be expected that the vein would be
"inexhaustible"—they always are; but coming so
quickly after the demand that the government
specifications for coal for Panama be modified, the
discovery looks a trifle suspicious.
— o —
The fakir, like the poor, we have ever with us.
The latest coal plant is of English origin and
warns the English people that the Standard Oil
Co.. H. C. Frick and an indefinite number of other
Americans are trying to gobble the British coal
mines, effect a consolidation and corner the market.
— o —
The "Knights of Pythias of North America,
South America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia"
was incorporated recently at Washington, D.
C. The reader will be permitted to do his own
speculating as to the significance of this coup.
— o —
The controversy being waged over the state and
national figures on last year's coal production
serves to prove that even if figures can't lie there
is nothing to prevent those who set them down
from doing so.
— o —
At last the affairs of the Equitable seem likely
to be settled on an equitable basis.
The report of the Columbus & Hocking Coal &
Iron Co. for the year ended March 31, 1905, shows
a deficit of $39,500, compared with a surplus of
$72,968 for the preceding year.

THE WAGE EARNER'S OUTLOOK
AS VIEWED BY T. L. LEWIS.
T. L. Lewis, vice-president of the International
United Mine Workers of America, recently spent
some time in the Pittsburgh district assisting in
the local organization work. During his stay
Mr. Lewis gave the following expression of his
opinion as to the general outlook for labor:
"In the struggle of the wage earners to secure
a greater share of the results of their labor, one
thing seems to be lost sight of by many people—
the necessity of a better understanding of the real
cause of the present conditions that surround the
industrial toiler.
"Labor unions are the natural outgrowth of our
industrial system. As well try to control the
tide of the ocean as to annihilate the labor movement.
Leaders of labor unions may make mistakes
that will temporarily check the progress of
the movement. Employers of labor may secure
temporary advantage by wiping out of existence
some branch of the labor movement. Unions that
were crushed have been succeeded by others
stronger and more perfect than those which have
gone out of existence. As old leaders drop out
of the 'movement' new leaders will take their
places. It will also be demonstrated that new
leaders will profit by the mistakes of their predecessors
and will naturally be better equipped
to direct the combined forces of the laboring men.
"It is conceded that the original object of the
labor unions was to protect the wage earners in
their efforts to sell their labor at the very best
possible advantage, and at the highest price that
could be obtained. Incidental to the original object
came the demand for a shorter work day,
improved sanitary conditions, the right to organize
and be recognized as a necessary factor in our
industrial development.
"Under our early industrial development wages
were largely regulated by supply and demand.
Under our modern system, unfortunately for the
industrial wage earner 'supply and demand' is
rapidly being regulated by combinations of capital
and the organization of its representatives.
"The rapid concentration of wealth, the control
of that wealth by a comparatively few men and
the 'insane' desire of those few to add to their
already enormous holdings, indicates a stormy
future for the labor unions of this country.
"Every concession wrested from the corporations
by the labor unions, means that much less
in dividends. Is there any wonder that many
corporations and representatives of capital are
trying to crush labor unions? Is there any wonder
that a terrific struggle exists in some parts
of the country between employer and employe?
Is there any wonder that employers seek to con­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
trol the legislative and judicial branches of the
government? Is there any wonder that some employers
resort to every scheme that tne human
mind can invent to win the contest which is being
waged so bitierly in this country?
"The labor organizations of the present and
future must do something more than determine
the amount of daily wages, hours of labor, sanitary
conditions, etc.. that shall exist. These are
the bed rock—the essentials of our existence. But
these are put in constant jeopardy and all advantages
gained in this direction are in danger
of being destroyed by other causes that are within
our control and may be governed by our own individual
act.
"How many conditions do we complain of that
the remedy is in our own hands? Our efforts
should be to determine between the causes that
are within our power to remove and tnose that
are beyond our control.
"The many oppressive laws under which labor
complains are a result. The many difficult problems
that confront the man who toils are a result.
He must look elsewhere for the cause and have it
removed or he will battle in vain to secure the
reward of his toil.
"We suffer from human laws that are enacted.
We construct our own surroundings. We feel the
effects and denounce those who seem to be responsible.
How often do we inquire as to the real
cause?"
A Monster Tow of Coal.
With the greatest tow that ever went out of the
Pittsburgh harbor the big steamer Joseph B. Williams,
owned by the Monongahela River Consolidated
Coal & Coke Co.. has safely reached New
Orleans. It was a record-breaking trip in several
particulars. Not only did the steamer take out
more coal than was ever taken out of Pittsburgh
harbor in an equal number of boats, but it made
the best of time and wound up the voyage without
loss or damage to any of the big boats. The Williams
left Pittsburgh March 30, with 34 coal boats,
the largest ever built. Each of them held a little
over 34,000 bushels of coal. The entire tow contained
34,000 tons, or 1,172,000 bushels of coal.
The largest tow ever taken down the Mississippi
was that of the big steamer Sprague, owned by
the same company. It carried 56,000 tons of coal.
Of the tow of the Williams, each coalboat in the
fleet was 12 feet in depth and drew 10y2 feet of
water. The tow measured 716 feet in length and
was 260 feet wide. The length of the Williams
and her tow was 936 feet. In addition to the big
boats she carried a number of fuel flats, which
would easily run her tow tonnage to about 40.000
tons.

44
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
United States Consul A. L. M. Gottsehalk, at
Callao, Peru, reports that by a decree dated March
17, 1905, it was made incumbent upon the government
corps of engineers, known as the Cuerpo de
Ingenieros de Minas, to investigate the system of
exploitation employed in the mines at Cerro de
Pasco, and to submit to the government an opinion
as to the precautions which should be used hy
mining enterprises there to protect the life and
welfare of the miners. The corps are further
instructed to formulate a special set of rules to
guide owners of mines situated in the region immediately
outlying the town of Cerro de Pasco.
The text of the decree states that although the
power to protect the life, safety and welfare of
miners is usually vested in the nearest local authorities,
the government finds it necessary to
place this matter directly in the hands of the
Cuerpo de Ingenieros, because of the numerous
accidents which have occurred in the mines at
Cerro de Pasco.
* * *
the auditors of sub-district No. 1 of district No.
2, of the central Pennsylvania bituminous region,
have completed their quarterly report ending on
May 31. It shows a total income from March 1
to May 31 of $22,057.27 collected by the check-off
system and of $494.25 from various other sources.
The total expenses were $21,750.91. The total resources
of the sub-district, including their real
estate is $17,927.43. This is regarded as a remarkably
good showing for the new officers, who
have not only changed the balance for the quarter's
business to the right side of the ledger, but
despite the fact that the expenses of the Ebensburg
convention, which occurs but once a year and
which aggregates nearly $700. were included in
this quarter's settlement, they show a net gain of
money in the treasury of $800.
* * *
The miners employed in the Harwick mine, near
Cheswick, Pa., in which 187 lost their lives in an
explosion some 16 months ago, have refused to
abide by the scale made for them recently by the
Pittsburgh district officials of the United Mine
Workers and have declared a strike. Considerable
trouble and annoyance has been caused by
the strikers and the district officials may expel
them from the union and provide other men to
take their places.
* * *
The Illinois Coal Operators' Association will
hold a meeting at Springfield, 111., on June 20, for
the purpose of considering the shot-firers' law and
the reply of the miners' organization to the communication
recently sent it concerning this matter.
The settlement of the miners' strike at Morris
Run, Pa., arranged by Secretary Wilson, of the
United Mine Workers of America, and officials
of the Morris Run Coal Mining Co. has been ratified
by the miners and they will return to work at
once after having been out for more than a year.
The Altoona scale was adopted.
* * *
It was expected that the Alabama union mine
workers, whose annual convention was opened at
Birmingham on June 12, would refuse to make a
contract with the commercial coal mine operators
in the hope of cutting off some of the supplies
of the furnace companies in the Birmingham district.
* * *
It is announced that the long standing trouble
between the Montana Coal & Coke Co., of Aldridge,
Mont., and its employes, has been satisfactorily
settled and some of the men have started to work,
while others will return within a few days.
* * *
About 200 miners at the Graceton mines, near
Indiana, Pa., struck on June 5, alleging that they
were not receiving proper weight.
* * *
The headquarters of the West Virginia United
Mine Workers have been removed from Huntington
to Charleston.
COAL TRADE CASUALTIES.
The towboat W. W. O'Neil, owned by the Monongahela
River Consolidated Coal & Coke Co., was
sunk while passing through the Louisville canal
on June 6, as the result of striking a hidden snag.
It is estimated that the cost of raising and repairing
the steamer will be $5,000.
The coal docks of the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne
& Chicago railroad at Fort Wayne, Ind., were recently
almost totally destroyed by fire. Great
quantities of coal which were stored at the dock
burned for several days. This dock was built in
1903 at a cost of over $45,000.
o o o
Fire which destroyed the fan house seriously
damaged the workings of the Mt. Lookout colliery,
near Wilkesbarre, Pa., on June 5. Much
difficulty was experienced in rescuing the men
from the mine but no lives were lost.
o o o
An explosion in the Inverness coal mine, near
Halifax, N. S., on June 8, badly damaged the
workings and injured 17 miners.
The large stables of the Pittsburgh Coal Co., at
Smithton, Pa., were totally destroyed by fire recently,
causing a loss of $6,000.

The Ottumwa Box Car Loader Co., of Ottumwa,
Iowa, has just completed the purchase of the Fair-
Williams Bridge & Manufacturing Co. plant of that
city, the latter being a plant for the manufacture
of steel bridges. It is the intention to consolidate
the business of these two companies under the
management of the first named, with largely increased
capital, and the manufacture of bridges
will be carried on on a much larger scale. It is
the intention of the management to be prepared to
build almost anything in the line of bridges, structural
iron work, hoisting and haulage engines,
steel tipples, coal cars, picking up machinery, the
Ottumwa Box Car loader, "Rocking Cradle" loader,
the "Little Wonder" loader, and coal mining machines.
The new plant will be made one of the
largest of its kind in the west.
O _ u
The Ohio Brass Co.. whose plant at Mansfield,
0., was partly destroyed by fire May 24, has made
a recovery that is little short of remarkable and
which reflects credit on its energetic management.
Within a few hours after the fire arrangements
were made for space and power in neighboring
factories and the work of replacing both raw and
finished stock was begun immediately. The result
of the company's efforts was that practically none
of its shipments were delayed by the fire except
a few rush orders and it is now meeting the demand
of its patrons with its customary promptness.
The burned buildings and equipments are
being replaced upon a much more extensive scale.
o o o
The Homestake Mining Co. has adopted pneumatic
haulage for its gold mines at Lead, S. D.,
and has just placed an order with the Ingersoll-
Sergeant Drill Co. for a mammoth duplex fourstage
Corliss air compressor to supply the power.
The success of air locomotives and compressors
has been demonstrated by experiments covering
more than a year. Fourteen pneumatic locomotives
are to be installed to supersede the present
mule service. There are already seven other Ingersoll-Sergeant
air compressors in active service
at the Homestake mine supplying 19,413 cubic
feet of free air per minute.
o o o
Price circular No. 3 of the Philadelphia & Reading
Coal & Iron Co., dated June 1, quotes the following
prices per gross ton for Schuylkill white
ash coal on cars at Buffalo or bridges: Grate.
$5.25; egg, $5.50; stove, $5.50; chestnut. $5.50.
The prices f. o. b. vessel Buffalo are 25 cents per
ton higher and to dealers 25 cents per ton lower,
with a reduction of 30 cents per ton on all the
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
foregoing quotations. Pea coal to dealers is quoted
at $3.35 per ton net and the circular announces
that prices on selected lump will be furnished on
application.
o o o
A 175-page book, L 510, describing and illustrating
a complete line of steam, electric, gas and
power-driven compressors of all types, including
single and duplex and simple and compound; single
and multi-stage, etc., is being distributed by
the Laidlaw-Dunn-Gordon Co. of New York City.
It gives the results of the latest investigations
upon air-valve gears and shows a gear combining
the quietness, efficiency and high speed qualities
of mechanically-moved valves with the elasticity
of poppet valves.
The Jeffrey Manufacturing Co., of Columbus, O.,
has issued an illustrated leaflet describing its
swing hammer crushers and pulverizers. A number
of types of crushers and their parts are shown,
the whole forming a supplement to the firm's pulverizer
catalogue No. 30.
Three Storage Plants for the Lehigh.
The Lehigh Valley Coal Co. has begun the work
of erecting three large coal storage plants, of a capacity
of 150,000 tons each, to be located at Lancaster,
near Depew, N. Y., Coxton and Black Creek,
near Pen Haven Junction. The plant at Lancaster
will be used for the storage of coal destined
principally to points on the great lakes, the
Coxton plant for the storage of surplus coal from
the company's upper coal fields, and the Black
Creek plant for Lie Hazleton district surplus. At
the Lancaster plant the Dodge system of coal
storage will be introduced, and the contract has
been let to the Link Belt Engineering Co. As to
the others no contracts beyond those for grading
have been let.
New Ruling on Stream Pollution.
The Pennsylvania supreme court has upheld an
injunction granted by the Northumberland county
court restraining the Penn Anthracite Coal Co.
from polluting a stream of that county. The supreme
court in affirming the county court in two
cases, said: "This case is to restrain the defendant
from pumping impure water, which has accumulated
in a coal mine, into a stream where it
polluted the supply of drinking water for more
than 30,000 persons, when, by the construction of
a flume, the mine water could be diverted into
another course where it could injure no one. The
case is clearly one for the granting of a preliminary
injunction."

-Iii
It is announced that Chief Roderick, of the department
of mines, is in favor of an amendment
to the miners' certificate law that will make the
members of the miners' examining boards employes
of the state, paid for their services instead
of receiving a fee from each certificate issued, as
is the case at present. It is believed that by this
method the temptation to issue certificates for the
sake of fees would be eliminated, and as the certificates
would be issued by the state and with the
state seal attached, there would be less liability of
their being counterfeited. This method would also
make somebody responsible for the issuance of the
certificates.
The Pennsylvania Coal & Coke Co., a Pennsyl­
vania corporation, operating mines in Blair, Cambria
and Indiana counties, has filed a bill in equity
asking the court to restrain the Pennsylvania Coal
& Coke Co., of Pittsburgh, a corporation of the
District of Columbia, from using its name. It is
set forth that the defendant company has issued
a circular to the public which, it is averred, was
done for the purpose of attracting buyers for its
capital and advertising its business, wherein it
refers to itself as "The Pennsylvania Coal & Coke
Co." An injunction is asked restraining the defendant
from using the plaintiff's name.
It is expected that the Truesdale breaker of the
D., L. & W. will be completed about the middle
of July. This new breaker will have a normal
capacitv of l.uOO tons a day, and under pressure
will be able to handle 5.000 tons, which is probably
a greater capacity than that of any other
breaker in the anthracite region. It is located
below Wilkesbarre, on a 5,000-acre tract of undeveloped
coal land, and is probably the first of two
or three breakers to be erected on the property.
It is announced that eastern capitalists who
about a year ago purchased 2,000 acres of coal
land at Manitou. Ky., a point on the Providence
branch of the Louisville & Nashville railroad about
six miles west of Madisonville, are preparing to
develop their holdings at an early date. It is
planned to open a mine that will be one of the
largest producers in that part of the state.
The formal organization of the Consolidated Indiana
Coal Co., formed recently by Rock Island-
Frisco interests, with a capital of $4,t/.„,00li. has
been completed with Robert Mather, president;
Carl Scholz, vice-president; G. H. Crosly, secretary
and treasurer; H. G. Rhodes, general sales
manager, and H. S. Mikesell, general auditor.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The Bessemer Coal Iron & Land Co., of birming-
ham, Ala., has purchased the holdings of the
Windrock Coal & Coke Co., consisting of some
2.500 acres of land near Windrock, Anderson
county, Tenn. Mines with a daily output of about
1,000 tons are in operation on the property, which
is located on the Cow Creek branch of the Louis­
ville & Nashville railroad.
The statement of operations of the Alabama
Consolidated Coal Co., made at the meeting of
directors in New York, showed net earnings for
the six months ending April 30, 1905, of $336,743.
Alter setting aside all fixed charges and dividends
on the preferred stock these figures indicate net
earnings at the rate of about 20 per cent, on the
common stock.
De§ds were executed at Charleston, W. Va., re­
cently liy which the Forks Coal Co. came into
possession of 11,012 acres of coal land, the greater
part of which is located in Kanawha county. In
addition, the company has secured mineral rights
to 1,801 acres in the same district.
Announcement is made of the appointment of
Hunter W. Fincn & Co.. Chicago, and the Powhatan
Coal Co., Toledo, O.. as sales agents of the
Pittsburgh-Buffalo Co. in the territory east of Chicago
and west of a line running north and south
through Columbus, Ohio.
Near Bellaire, O, on June 8, a miscreant exploded
a stick of dynamite under a hoisting en­
gine at the new steel tipple of the Youghiogheny
& Ohio Coal Co., completely obliterating the tipple
and destroying much adjacent property.
Welsh Miners Dissatisfied.
The figures in the British national budget statement
in regard to the coal tax are unsatisfactory
to the Welsh miners. In 1904 the Bristol channel
ports paid nearly $5,000,000 in coal tax. This
duty has already driven Swansea, Llanelly and
Port Talbot coal from several of the French markets.
The exports from Cardiff and Newport,
though not showing an actual decrease, have
grown at a far slower pace than they did before
the imposition of the tax, and where Wales has
lost, Germany has gained. This is one of the
penalties of the Boer war, and it was thought that
the duty would be removed or modified this year—
hence the disappointment. The coal trade of the
country has been fairly satisfactory for some
time, but it could have been, owing to the superior
quality of the semi-bituminous coal, far
better had it not been handicapped by what is
regarded as the unfair shilling per ton duty.

CONSTRUCTION and DEVELOPMENT. K
The Ohio & Marshall Railroad Co. was organized
at Wheeling, W. Va.. on June 2, with a capital
of $230,000. Directors were chosen as follows:
Thomas M. Benner and Joseph W. Barnes, of Pittsburgh;
George L. Hibbs and I. W. Seanion, of
Uniontown, Pa. This company, in conjunction
with two others incorporated in Pennsylvania, expects
to construct a railroad from the Connellsville
coke field to the Ohio river at this point. The
heaviest stockholder is J. V. Thompson, the Uniontown
coal operator.
A tract containing vast deposits of coal, near
Chattanooga, Tenn., has been purchased by ex-
President Ingalls, of the Big Four railroad, and
W. A. Eudaley, of Cincinnati. Seven thousand five
hundred acres are included in the tract, which cost
$300,000. Several big veins have been opened and
as soon as electric power to be developed by water
is assured, about ten openings will be made and
from $500,000 to $750,000 will be spent for mining
machinery and equipment.
The Reading company's new coal storage plant
at Abrams, Pa., which will accommodate a half
million tons of anthracite, is near completion. It
is doubtful whether the plant will be put into immediate
use as there is a comparatively small
amount of domestic sizes of anthracite available
for storage at present, and there appears to be a
disposition to utilize the storage capacity at Port
Richmond, Staten Island, and other points first.
Engineers employed by the Pennsylvania Railroad
Co. are making preliminary surveys which
will form the basis for the consideration of plans
looking to the construction of an independent
freight line from the coal and iron districts of
Pittsburgh to New York, by way of Atglen and
the Trenton cut-off. The project involves the
construction of a road 443 miles in length, which,
if built, will be double tracked.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 17
MINERS' LAMPS CRITICISED
BY A GERMAN ENGINEER.
Paul Best, a mining engineer employed by the
German government to investigate American mining
systems, finds much to praise and a certain
amount to criticise unfavorably in what he has
seen during his inspections of a number of hard
and soft coal mines. Mr. Best resides in Essen,
Germany. He has already inspected the anthracite
mines of Pennsylvania and a few of the larger
bituminous operations about Pittsburgh. He will
visit on his trip the mines in the coking fields and
then make an inspection of the silver and golu
mines of the west. From the gold fields he will
go to Alaska, returning by way of British Colum­
bia.
Speaking of the differences in mining methods
Mr. Best asserted that operators here are behind
the mining companies of Europe in their methods
of lighting the mines. In Germany, he states, the
government requires the use of safety lamps in all
coal mines, whether they have been declared gaseous
or not. The operating companies there also
furnish the miners with light and the government
regulation requires that it be of the best. He
said:
"I find that in American mines the miner furnishes
his own lamps with the exception of mines
in wliich safety lamps are used and the miner, of
course, buys the cheapest lamp and the cheapest
oil that will enable him to see sufficiently well to
mine the coal. The smoke from these oil lamps
poisons the air in which the miner works, and at
best they do not give him sufficient light to see the
dangers that surround him as the process of mining
continues. I find that your statistics show
that nearly 45 per cent, of all the mining accidents
are traceable to falls of roof or coal, and these
could be in a measure avoided if the mines were
sufficiently lighted."
Watching Coal Shearing Machines.
W. R. Holloway. United States consul general
at Halifax, N. S., reports that representatives of
The West Virginia Coal Co. has began the erec­ several coal mining concerns on the mainland of
tion of 90 new coke ovens at its plant at Bretz. Nova Scotia have been watching with keen in­
on the Morgantown & Kingwood railroad, and will terest the experiments with shearing machines,
shortly begin the erection of 100 additional ovens which have heen conducted in several collieries
at its plant at Richard, on the Morgantown rail­ of the Dominion Coal Co. at Sydney for the last
road.
month, and the success of the new method will
probably mean that the machines will be intro­
The Pittsburgh-Buffalo Co. has broken ground duced into a number of the collieries within a
for its No. 2 Hazel mine, near Canonsburg, Pa. short time. Besides creating a world's record for
Three new coal washeries are being installed
shearing a dozen rooms, the machine cut out a
solid block, containing eight tons of coal, from the
face of the seam in Dominion No. 1 mine. This
at coke plants in the Lower Connellsville region is said to be the largest lilock ever taken from a
in the hope of improving their output.
mine in Nova Scotia.

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
HISTORY OF AMERICAN COAL.
A chart that has a historical as well as a sta­
tistical value has just been published by the United
States geological survey. It shows the pro­
duction of coal in the United States from 1814, the
date of the earliest record, to the close of 1904.
The figures are arranged by states and by years
in the order in which the states began to produce
coal. The production of the entire country dur­
ing that period of 91 years is shown to have
amounted to the enormous total of 5,577.210,577
short tons. This includes the production for
1904, which is estimated at 351.196,953 short tons,
the figures for 1904 being preliminary and subject
to final revision later in the year.
Pennsylvania has not only the largest produc
tion of any of the coal-producing states, but it was
the first state of which there is any accurate record
of production. The first coal shipped in the
United States was from the Richmond basin in
Virginia. In 1814, when an output of 22 tons is
recorded to Pennsylvania's credit, it was easier
to hew down a forest tree than to sink a shaft,
and the coal mining industry was not needed to
support a thousand manufacturing industries.
The earliest production of bituminous coal was
made in the Richmond basin of Virginia in the
latter part of the eighteenth century. The first
recorded output was in 1S22, when 54,000 short
tons were produced. The production of this region
increased steadily until 1832, when it began
to decline. By the middle of the last century it
had almost disappeared. In 1855 began the development
of the Piedmont region, which at that
time belonged to Virginia.
The early records of Pennsylvania bituminous
production are deficient. The earliest date of
which we have any record is the census for 1840,
although it is practically certain that some bituminous
coal was produced in Pennsylvania before
that year.
Next to the records of anthracite mining in
Pennsylvania and of bituminous mining in the
Richmond basin, in Virginia, the earliest statistics
of coal mining which we have are for Illinois.
The first record found for this state is that coal
was mined in Jackson county in 1810.
Although some coal was undoubtedly produced
in Ohio prior to 1838. that is the first year in which
any production was recorded. The output for
that year was 119,952 tons.
Among the states west of the Mississippi river
the earliest production reported is in Missouri and
Iowa. By the census of 1840 Missouri is credited
with an output of 9,971 short tons and Iowa with
360 short tons. It is probable that very little
coal was mined in either of these states before
that time, and it may be considered that the industry
began at that date.
The first coal discovered on the Pacific coast was
found in the state of Washington in 1852. The
first mine was opened in Whatcom county in 1854.
Although California has never taken high rank
as a coal producing state, it comes next in order
in the history of early production, an output of
6,620 tons being reported in 1861. The maximum
output of the state—215,253 short tons—was at­
tained in 1874.
HARDSHIPS OF THE GERMAN MINER.
The executive committee of the striking mineis
in Germany issued an address to the German pub­
lic, in which it defends its position and called attention
to some of the hardships which the German
miners suffer. The following statements
were included in the address: "In the year 1885.
out of every 1,000 miners working in the Ruhr
coal district, 75 met with accidental injuries. In
the year 1903 the numlier of injured had increased
to 147 per 1,000 miners. In 1S96, of every 100
miners, 51 took sick. In 1903 the number had increased
to 71 per cent. In 1865 a miner in the
Ruhr district became a full invalid (totally unfit
for work) at the age of 50, and in 1903 he had
reached that state of incapacity at the age of 44.
The net profit per ton of coal has increased from
33 pfennigs (7.S5 cents) in 1885 to 1.04 marks
(24.75 cents) in 1903. The 682,000,000 marks
($102,316,000) received from coal mining gave a
surplus of 125,000,000 marks ($29,750,000) above
cost."
Special Home-Seekers' Excursions via
Pennsylvania Lines.
Anyone contemplating a trip west may take
advantage of the reduced fares for the special
Home-seekers' excursions via Pennsylvania Lines
to points in Colorado. Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota,
Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, the Dakotas,
Oregon, Washington, Texas and other sections in
the west and in all the states of the south. Stopover
privileges permit travelers to investigate
business openings. These tickets will be on sale
certain dates during the summer. Detailed information
as to fares, through time, etc., will be
freely furnished upon application to J. K. Dillon,
District Passenger Agent, 515 Park building, Pittsburgh,
Pa. lM
Sunday in Wheeling.
Leave Pittsburgh in the morning; return in the
evening, over Pennsylvania Lines. 8.20 a. m. train
Central time from Pittsburgh Union Station has
parlor car. Returning parlor car train leaves
Wheeling 2.55 p. m., arrives Pittsburgh 5.05 p. m.

RECENT COAL TRADE PATENTS.
The following recently granted patents of in­
terest to the coal trade are reported expressly for
THE COAT.-TRADE BULLETIN by J. M. Nesbit. patent
cttorney. Park building, Pittsburgh, Pa., from
whom printed copies may be procured for 15 cents
each:
Attachment for rock drills, (2) T. E. Adams,
Cleveland; 789,703 and 789,704.
Self-oi'ing car wheel, A. M. Davis, Jackson, O.;
789,841.
Rock drill. T. E. Adams, Cleveland, assignor to
the Adams Drill Co., same place; 789,951.
Packing for blasting-cartridges, T. F. Durham.
Philadelphia; 789.967.
Mine trap door, A. 0. Slentz, Canton, 0.; 790.004.
Coke quenching apparatus. F. R. Still, Detroit,
Mich.; 790,326.
Core drill, also core drill apparatus, C. A. Terry,
New York, assigner to Davis Calyx Drill Co.,
same place; 790,330 and 790.331.
Coal screen. John Hickman, Brocton, Mass.;
790,572.
Frame for mine trucks or similar vehicles.
George Scott, Johannesburg, Transvaal; 790,759.
Grip for cable railroads, W. O. Gunckel,
Vaughan, W. Va.; 790,828.
Divided coal drill feeding box, G. T. White, Colfax,
Iowa; 790,990.
Bit or cutter for coal or rock mining drills, G.
H. Bittenbender, Plymouth, Pa.; 791.001.
Miner's lamp-holder and head-protector, Isaac
Wantling and Sylvester Doubet, Peoria, 111.; 791,-
231.
Bit for rock-drills, Martin Hardsocg, Ottumwa.
Ia.; 791,264-.
Miner's lamp, E. F. Long. Scranton, Pa.; 791,276.
Feed-nut for coal drills, Isaac Wantling, Peoria,
111., assignor to Wantling's Favorite Coal Drill Co.,
same place; 791,304.
Sectional squib, J. R. Powell, Plymouth, Pa.;
791,211.
Car-dump, W. A. Lathrop, Wilkesbarre, Pa.; 791.-
477.
Screens (2), E. E. Hendrick, Carbondale, Pa.;
791,782 and 791,783.
Coke-grapple, W. M. Pugh, Pocahontas, Va.; 791,-
944.
Special Fares to Milwaukee via Pennsylvania Lines.
June 15th to 18th, inclusive, excursion tickets to
Milwaukee, account Biennial Meeting of Modern
Woodmen, will be sold from all ticket stations on
the Pennsylvania Lines. For particulars regard­
ing fares, time of trains, etc., apply to J. K.
Dillon, District Passenger Agent, 515 Park Building,
Pittsburgh, Pa.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
BELGIUM COAL PRODUCTION.
The preliminary figures on coal production ia
Belgium for last year show a slight decrease in
production, as compared with the previous year.
The output by districts was as follows, in metric
tons:
1903. 1904. Changes.
Borinage 4,705,110 4,599,640 D.10o,4.0
Center 3,741,250 3,655,810 D. 85,440
Charleroi S,276,000 8,092,800 D.181,200
Namur 774,000 729,020 D. 44,980
Liege 6,416,880 6,302,755 U.li4,125
Total 23,913.240 23,380,025 D.533,215
A decrease was shown in every district. At the
close of 1903, nearly all the collieries had large
surplus stocks on hand, and most of them cur­
tailed the output to some extent, until these stocks
were, at least partially, worked off. The consumption
in 1904 was equal to that of the pre­
vious year, and work has been active since the
opening of the current year, except during the
miners' strike, which covered parts of February
and March.
Wonderful Scenic Trip Across Rocky Mountains
to Oregon Exposition.
In certain respects the excursions to the Lewis
and Clark Centennial Exposition, Portland, Ore
gon, via Pennsylvania Lines, beginning May 23d
and continuing through the summer, offer advantages
never before presented to exposition
visitors. The trip to the Oregon exposition, in
addition 'to the attractiveness of the extensive
exhibits, includes the journey through the scenic
wonderland of the Rocky Mountains and the
Cascade Range, and what American has not looked
forward from the days of the geography class in
school to the time when those great sights should
he seen in reality? The time was never so favorable
as now. The trip may be made less expensively
than ever. For only a slight difference
in fare tourists may extend their trip to San
Francisco and Los Angeles. The return trip may
be made over a different route, enabling travelers
to view much more of the West. For full particulars,
fares, dates of special excursions to Portland
on account of conventions, through time and pas­
senger service apply to J. K. Dillon, District Passenger
Agent, 515 Park building, Pittsnurgh, Pa.
The Youngstown & Southern railroad, which
passes through the heart of the North Lima coal
fields of Ohio will derive its principal source of
revenue from the transportation of coal. The com­
pany is capitalized at $1,800,000, half of the stock
having been taken by Youngstown capitalists.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
REMBRANDT PEALE, PRESIDENT. JNO. W. PEALE, GEN-L MANAGE*.
J. H. LUMLEY, TREASURE*.
No. J BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N. Y.
< » >
W. S. WALLACE, SECRETARY. E. E. WALLING, GEN-L SALES AGENT.
NORTH AMERICAN BUILDING,
PHILADELPHIA, PENNA.
^
a

To The Modern Olympus.—Excursions Over Pennsylvania
Lines to Immense Tourament of 3,000 Athletes.
For the $25,000 festival in Indianapolis the
week of June 21st, excursion tickets will be sold
via Pennsylvania Lines June 20th to 23d, inclusive,
at one-way fare for the round trip, plus 25
cents. Day and night pageants, historic spectacular
representations, athletic exhibitions and contests
between teams from Germany, Italy, Holland
and possibly Japan are on the program for this
important meeting of the North American Gymnastic
Union. For particulars, apply to J. K.
Dillon, District Passenger Agent, 515 Park Building,
Pittsburgh, Pa.
Homeseekers Excursions
Via the Missouri Pacific Ry. to points in Missouri,
Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas, Old and New
Mexico, Arizona, Kansas, Colorado and Utah, at
very low rates. Tickets sold on first and third
Tuesdays of each month. For information address
John R. James, Central Passenger Agent, 315
Bessemer building, Pittsburgh, Pa.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
First Aid To Injured Miners.
All of the big companies in the anthracite region
are taking steps to lessen accidents in and about
the mines and to alleviate the suffering of those
who may chance to be injured. In addition to the
establishment of emergency hospitals in each mine
prominent surgeons, experienced in the handling
of accident cases, have been giving instructions to
the employes on first aid to the injured. The
Philadelphia & Reading has started another innovation
that is likely to be adopted hy the other corporations.
General Manager VV. J. Richards has
determined to organize a "First Aid Corps" at
each colliery. The duties of this corps, composed
of picked men who have undergone special
instructions for the purpose, will be to attend to
the victims of all accidents before they are taken
to a hospital or their homes. It is likely that
the Lehigh Valley Coal Co. will establish a similar
corps after its employes at Wilkesbarre and in the
Wyoming region have heard the course of lectures
on "First Aid to the Injured," now being given
by Dr. Walter Lathrop of the State Hospital at
Wilkesbarre.
FOR SALE. FOR SALE.
Five hundred acres South Connellsville cok­
ing coal for sale; vein 9% feet thick, 212 feet
deep. Two railroads through the tract and sur­
rounded by 5,000 ovens in operation; 500 within
one hundred yards of this coal. Six shafts on
Analysis of Coal
Moisture, .32
Volatile
Matter, 33.08
Fixed Car
bon, 57.47
Ash, 9.13
Sulphur, .98
three sides within one quarter mile;
two shafts less than 200 feet from
this coal. One-half mile frontage on
Monongahela river. A fine grade
of coking coal. Inquire of
A. R. STRUBLE,
Masontown, Fayette, Co., Pa.
A-l condition, 60,000 lbs. capacity HOPPER
BOTTOM GONDOLA CARS. We had 1,500 of these;
have just sold 256, which have passed Hunt's
Inspection; balance for sale at low price; equipped
with Westinghouse Air Brakes; built according
to P. R. R. Standard Specifications; will stand
most rigid inspection.
If not as represented, will pay Inspector's expenses.
Also have 18 practically new 80,000 lb. capacity
HOPPER BOTTOM COAL CARS. Wire us for prices.
A. V. KAISER & CO.,
222 BO. Third Street, Philauelphia.
00000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000^
5 CHESTER D. SENSENICH, PRES. LOUIS S. MALON E, SECY & TREAS. j!
f IRWIN FOUNDRY & MINE CAR COMPANY, s
; I R W I N, P A . S
Si m MANUFACTURERS OF • 5|
§ Mine Cars and Mine Car Irons, Mine Car Wheels and j;
Castings, Coke Oven Frames and Dampers,
Gray Iron Casting's, Mine Supplies, etc.
5 OUR IMPROVED MINE CAR WHEEL HAS PATENTED SPRING VALVE OILING DEVICE s
THAT SAVES OIL AND TIME. Correspondence Solicited.
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
©lt> Colony Coal 8. Cofce Go.
Ikcystone BuilMng, flMttsburgb, |pa.
lipiier gteam Coal
flflotintevttle (3ae Coal
ConnelleviUe Cofee.
I Xigonier, Ipa., fl>. 1R. 1R.
ADmes = = = * ^ flDoun&sville, M. Da., 3B. & ©. 1R. IR.
ALTOONA COAL & COKE CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPKKS OF
CELEBRATI^D DELANEY COAL,
A ism
HORSESHOE COAL,
(M1I.I.KR VEIN".)
UNSURPASSED FOR ROLLING MILL USE. : : : : : A SUPERIOR SMITHING COAL.
MANUFACTURERS OF COKE.
ALTOONA, PA.
PURITAN COAL MINING CO
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
PURITAN AND CRESCENT
BITUMINOUS COALS.
STINKMAN COAL MINING COMPANY,
SOUTH FORK COALS,
c OFFICES. j
26 South 15th Street, No. 1 Broadway,
PHILADELPHIA. NEW YORK.
( Ln ansivering advertisements please mention l
1 THE COAL TRADE \BULLETLN. j

j ^
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
ARTHUR BROCK, President, Lebanon, Pa. A. S. McCREATH, Secretary and Treasurer, Harrisburg, Pa.
E. F. SAXMAN, General Manager, Latrobe, Pa.
DERRY COAL AND COKE COMPANY
(CHARTERED)
Miners and Manufacturers of The Very Best Quality
. . . OF . . .
CONNELLSVILLE COAL
..AND..
COKE
MINES AND OVENS NEAR
Latrobe, Westmoreland Co., on Main Line of P. R. R.
Main Office, LATROBE, PA.
^ r
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
FAMOUS
•T * X>,
ArvO V Lfc} PENNSYLVANIA.
SMOKELESS MOKELESS
O C A ^ x V

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
SUPERIOR COAL & COKE COMPANY,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
SUPERIOR STEAM COAL
AND
CONNELLSVILLE COKE.
General Offices: LATROBE, PA.
rr • ^3 \
!
STEAM COAL
. . and . .
CONNELLSVILLE COKE, K-
MINED AND SHIPPKI) BY THE
SAXMAN COAL & COKE COMPANY,
. . . LATROBE, PA. . . .
^ no J)
LatrobeConnellsvilleCoal&CokeGo.
LATROBE. PA..
t PRODUCES AND SHIPS '
STEAM COAL OF FINEST QUALITY
AND MANUFACTURERS
BEST CONNELLSVILLE COKE.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
)6 ~—" ri(
J. L. SPANGLER, JOS. H. REILLY, JOS. B. CAMPBELL, *"
PRESIDENT. V. PREST. & TREAS. SECRETARY.
Duncan=Spangler Coal Company,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
"BLUBAKER"and"DELTA"
BITUMINOUS COAL,
AN A-NO. 1 ROLLING MILL COAL.
FIRST-CLASS FOR STEAM USES.
i OFFICES:— a
1414 SO. PENN SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA. No. 1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK
-. SPANGLER, CAMBRIA COUNTY, PA. _.
r\s XA
ACME COAL MINING CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
CELEBRATED
ACME AND AVONDALE
HIGH GRADE
STEAM COALS.
MINES:
SLIGO BRANCH B. & A. V. DIVISION OF P. B. B.
GENERAL OFFICES : - GREENSBURG, PA.
\Jl *J

56" THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Atlantic Crushed Coke Co.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
LATROBE STEAM COAL
GENERAL O
CONNELLSVILLE
COKE.
FURNACE
FOUNDRY
CRUSHED
FFICES: - GREENSBURG, PA.
LIQONIER COAL COMPANY,
LATROBE, PA.
^ H ,GH G RflDE ,S TEaM QSjlL |
e©NNELLSY!LLE e©KE.
4000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000,
United Coal Company
^ of Pittsbur^hPenna •"
MINES ON MONONGAHELA RIVER, SECOND POOL; PITTSBURGH & LAKE ERIE
RAILROAD; BALTIMORE & OHIO RAILROAD AND PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD.
BarvK For Savings Building,
New York Office. PITTSBURGH, PA.
Whitehall Building.
General Offices:
Westmoreland Gas Coal
Youghiogheny Gas &SteamCoal
Philadelphia Office :
Pennsylvania Building.
-

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
^^^TTfT1TTTT1TT11ITTT1TfT1TTf1TTTfTTTTTTTTTlTTTirTT11TrT1Tni1TTTT1ITTTT11TTTllTTT11YTTTlTfTTT11*TfTT1lfTTTT111*TTT1TlMTfTTII1TTTTTIIfTTTTT11irTTTTTf

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
EMPIRE COAL MINING CO.
BELLAIRE, OHIO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
Famous Empire No. 8 Coal.
CAPACITY 3,000 TONS DAILY.
MINES LOCATED ON
C. & P. R. R., B. &, O. R. R. AND OHIO RIVER.
COMMUNICATIONS SHOULD BE SENT TO J. H. SANFORD, MANAGER, BELLAIRE, OHIO.
" >
Greenwich Coal & Coke Co.,
Mines: CAMBRIA AND INDIANA COUNTIES.
Miners and Shippers of
"Greenwich"
Bituminous Coal.
Celebrated for
STEAM AND BI-PRODUCT PURPOSES.
GENERAL OFFICE :
Latrobe, Penna.

T5he
GOAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Vol. XIII. PITTSBURGH, PA., JULY 1, 1905. No. 3.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN;
PUBLISHED TWICE A MONTH.
Copyrighted by THE COAL TRADE COMPANY, 1903.
A. It. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STBAUB, Managing Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION, - - - - $2 00 A YEAR.
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THK COAL TRADK COMPANY.
926-930 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh, I'a., as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
THE DISPOSITION of all humanity to claim victory
in the hour of defeat, except when the reverse
spells annihilation, is borne out by the extrava­
gant statements being circulated by the Morris
Run strikers and their friends. The assertions
accompanying the jubilation over the end of their
long strike call to mind the Spanish reports of
the battle of Manila Bay and, more recently, those
of the St. Petersburg government on important
engagements in the Russo-Japanese war. Viewed
from any side or point the Morris Run strike was
a disaster to the workmen engaged in it. It is
true that it was a serious and costly affair to the
employing company, but not to even a small part
of the extent that it was to those responsible for
it. The miners never had a chance to win a
profitable victory. The mines could not have
been operated during the year they were idle
had the demands of the men been granted at the
outset. Trade conditions which the latter were
too blind to recognize, made increased cost of
production impossible. The company has lost the
profit on a year's business and something besides,
but nothing like the loss of the year's wages sus­
tained by the men. Had the latter accepted the
terms offered a year ago there is no reason to be­
lieve that the provisions of this year's agreement
would have been less advantageous to them. But
the greatest pity of the entire affair is the sad
delusion that the result has been a victory. This
delusion, originated and fostered by the same
minds that originated the strike, is not merely
local. It extends to workmen everywhere, few
of whom will get the benefit of the reactionary
sentiment that will set in when the men direc'.ly
affected have counted and thoroughly rea'ized the
cost of their "victory."
* * *
THE EDUCATIONAL VALUE of a trip like that ex­
tended by the Pittsburgh Coal Co. to the New
York and Pennsylvania Retail Dealers' Associa­
tion can hardly be estimated. That it is realized
and appreciated, however, is evident to anyone
who cares to note the fact. Despite the liberal
provision made for refreshment, recreation and
a general good time, it was apparent at all times
that the guests of the company were men of busi­
ness, and that that business was coal. Every
opportunity offered—and they were numerous—
for increasing their knowledge of coal in any way,
was eagerly taken advantage of. Many a valuable
hint and many a side light that will be of profit­
able use hereafter were made available. It was
frankly admitted by many of the party that while
the trip at the outset was looked upon largely as
a tour of pleasure, the large amount of practical
information gleaned would prove a big business
asset hereafter. It is safe to say that every re­
tailer who took advantage of the opportunity re­
turned home with an increased fitness for meeting
the demands of his trade.

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
THAT A bargain is a bargain and that the man
who has been forced into a hard bargain will not
accept worse terms than he has bound himself to.
is iirobably being realized by the miners of Illi­
nois. It is difficult to understand how these men
can see their way clear toward pursuing the
fatuous course that is leading them to idleness.
It is so plain that all who care to know must
know that the production of coal in Illinois is
carried on on the narrowest possible margin. Any
increase in the cost of mining a ton of coal at this
time makes it necessary to leave the coal where
it is. The miner who does not know this does
not possess sufficient intelligence to warrant his
employment. The decision of the Operators'
Association on the shot-firers' law is the only de­
cision that could have been made without violat­
ing the fundamental principle that self-preserva­
tion is the first law of nature. It happens, un­
fortunately, that in the course of business, advan­
tage is sometimes taken of technicalities to force
somebody to lose money. Those who win in such
games are neither honored nor respected. The
spirit as well as the letter of agreements are lived
up to by honest men. Those who, like Shylock,
will be satisfied with nothing but the pound of
flesh, may find themselves, like the vindictive Jew,
without the pound of bread necessary to sustain
life.
* * *
EARNEST EFFORTS are being made by all the big
coal-carrying railroads to improve their facilities
sufficiently to meet the coming winter's business.
The orders placed for locomotives and cars thus
far are the largest ever given. They indicate
that the volume of trade will be an immense one
and that the transportation systems will be taxed
to their utmost. Past experience has shown that
despite all their efforts the railroads have never
been able to handle properly the business of the
rush season and there is no particular reason for
believing that they will exceed past performances
this year. The lesson is plain. Those who
dally and hold back will be subjected to the usual
inconveniences and regrets. Those who are wise
will take advantage of good prices and transpor­
tation facilities and keep on the safe side.
The Sunshine Coal Co. has been incorporated at
Centerville, la., with a capital stock of $j.u,000.
TEXT OF THE NEW AGREEMENT
AT THE MORRIS RUN MINES.
The following is the agreement under which the
strike at the Morris Run Coal Co.'s mints was
settled:
Agreement, made this 9th day of June, 1905, between
W. B. Wilson, secretary-treasurer of the
United Mine Workers of America, representing
particularly the scale committee of Local No. 1370
of said organization, of the first part, and Louis
P. Miller, operating the Morris Run mines, of the
second part, witnesseth:
That the former employes of the Morris Run
Coal Mining Co. sliall be taken into the service of
the second party upon the following terms and
conditions:
(1) The first party will pay to the second
party on the date hereof by New York draft to the
order of the second party all arrears of rent from
the first day of April, 1904, to the first day of
June, 1905, of said employes aggregating approximately
$12,000. the exact amount being $11,624.54,
which sum shall be collected of said employes in
the same manner and at the same time as the
union dues are collected out of the monthly payroll,
which sum shall be collected for the first
party and paid back by the second party to the
first party whenever and only in cases where the
former employe returns to work and becomes a
tenant of the second party, said tenant to pay such
amount as the party of the first part may require,
not to exceed one month's rent each month on the
old account of said arrears. In cases where the
former employe does not return and become again
a tenant, the second party is not responsible for
the repayment to the first party of that portion of
the arrears of rent. Men returnirg to work to
have san.e houses previous'y occupied, unless
otherwise arranged with the superintendent. The
said party of the second part to furnish the said
party of the first part with an itemized statement
of rents due.
(2) The same system of check-off to be reinstated
as in March, 1904, and the hall to be rented
to the local as before.
(3) Present non-union employes of the second
party not to be molested or interfered with in any
manner by the returning employes.
(4) Rates of mining and wages to be eightyone
cents for twenty-one hundred and fifty (2.150)
pounds of coal mined.
Drivers at $2.27 per day of eight hours at the
face, on the same trip system as before.
All other labor to be reduced 10 per cent, from
the rates paid in March, 1904.
Rents and house coal to be reduced 10 per cent.
after January 1, 1906.
(5) Any questions, differences or disputes not
(CONTINUED ON PAGE 39).

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
NEW YORK AND PENNSYLVANIA RETAIL COAL DEALERS ENTERTAINED
BY THE PITTSBURGH COAL CO.
The wise saws and modern instances invented
by dyspeptic philosophers to prove that business
and pleasure will not ride in the same boat were
effectually disproved by the splendid success which
attended the fifth annual convention of the New
York and Pennsylvania Retail Coal Dealers' Association,
at Pittsburgh, and the four days' outing
of the delegates as the guests of the Pittsburgh
Coal Co. The party, numbering nearly four hundred,
assembled at Buffalo at noon on Tuesday,
June 20, where the delegates were met by Traffic
Manager S. P. Woodside and other officials of the
Pittsburgh Coal Co. A special train of fourteen
cars was boarded and Pittsburgh was reached via
the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern and Pittsburgh
& Lake Erie railroads early the same evening.
At 10 o'clock Wednesday morning the special
train was again boarded and after a 12-mile
run over the Lake Erie and an additional five miles
over the Moon Run railroad the famous Moon Run
mine of the Pittsburgh Coal Co. was reached.
Under the direction pf the officials of the company
the delegates were shown the tipple and its
operation, a string of coal cars destined for
many points receiving their loads of coal and the
several market sizes.
The delivery of the coal to the tipple in long
trains hauled by an electric locomotive was shown
to them, as the "Pittsburgh Coal Co.'s idea of a
mule." Then they were placed in two long trains
of the pit cars, which had been lined with canvas
and straw and furnished with bench seats. The
ride through the mine was made interesting by
the information given by the employes and officers
of the company. At the end of the first stage of
the trip the party reached the power plant, fan
house, air compressing plant and repair shops and
were shown through these, many stopping to
watch the great machinery in action. Then they
were taken back through the mine and to the tipple.
The party reached Pittsburgh at 1 o'clock
and spent the afternoon as each desired.
The business meeting was held Wednesday evening
in the banquet hall of the Hotel Henry. Col.
William T. Endress was re-elected president, making
his third term. J. Scott Baldwin of Elmira,
N. Y., was chosen vice-president and Secretary-
Treasurer George H. Mitchell was re-elected. The
executive board was chosen as follows: Robert
J. Saltsman, Erie; O. W. Sears, Binghamton, N.
Y.; John Cornash, Corning, N. Y.; J. A. Hughes,
Falconer, N. Y.; B. U. Taylor, Olean, N. Y.; S. M.
Hamilton, Dunkirk, N. Y.; F. W. Stickney, Buffalo,
and Charles Bradshaw, Rochester, N. Y.
The address of welcome was delivered by Assistant
City Solicitor L. S. Levin and the response by
Col. Endress. Speeches were made also by D. L.
Tuttle, sales agent at Buffalo, of the Philadelphia
& Reading Coal & Iron Co.; Delos Hull, president
"Retail Coalman"; J. E. Van Dusen, who thanked
the Pittsburgh Coal Co., and J. P. Walsh, who responded
for the company. Secretary Mitchell reported
a membership of 640 before the meeting and
an increase of 45 at the convention.
Thursday was the red letter day of the outing
feature of the trip. At 9:30 a. m. the excursion
steamer Island Queen, which had been chartered
for the trip, started with the delegates, a number
of local guests and practically the entire official
staff of the Pittsburgh Coal Co. to look after the
general welfare and comfort of the party—for
Charleroi, 41 miles up the Monongahela. The boat
was laden almost to the guard rails with good
things for the inner man, all of which disappeared
at the two sumptuous meals and the between-time
snacks. As this was the last day of the visitors
at Pittsburgh, their hosts spared no efforts to give
it every attractive feature that could be devised.
An orchestra and a quartet were engaged to enliven
the trip and a variety of amusements and
diversions were provided.
The boat was in charge of Capt. John Moren,
superintendent of transportation of the River Coal
Co. In direct charge of the party were J. P.
Walsh, general manager of sales of the Pittsburgh
Coal Co.; George W. Schluederberg, general manager
of mines, and a score of other prominent
officials.
A side trip to the Homestead steel works caused
a change of program. The big plant consumed
nearly three hours of time. The visitors found
intensely interesting things there, and when the
boat started away it was promptly called back to
the wharf to take on board some who had been
delayed. Again it made a start and again was
forced to return, about 150 members of the party
having stayed too long at the works.
The boat continued up the river to Elizabeth.
The operation of the river tipples was explained
and the mines of 'the Pittsburgh Coal Co. and its
subsidiary company, the River Coal Co., were
pointed out. The building of steamers at the
Elizabeth ways was also shown and between the
times of dining and other festivities, some pretty
solid information was given the retail coal men.
The party reached Pittsburgh about 9 p. m., the
visitors returning home by special train the following
day.

DID THE CAMERA CATCH YOU ?
Directly after the party reached the Moon Run mine the members found themselves facing the
"picture machine" of the Pittsburgh Coal Co.'s official photographer.
I.
H
W
n
7?
>
a
w
w
r
r
M
H

As one is usually somewhat curious as to the
component parts of an article of food that has
been prepared to be partaken of—particularly, if
it be a strange dish—and as curiosity is by no
means solely an attribute of the gentler sex, I
will take you into my confidence by informing
you as to the ingredients used, with the assurance
that they have simply been stirred up together,
using a due and reasonable amount of
seasoning.
Ingredient No. 1, P-LiA-N, Plan. "Order is
heaven's first law." "Let all things," says the
sacred writer, "be done decently and in order."
It has been said of order that it is the sanity of
the mind, the health of the body, the peace of the
city, the security of the state. To this might
be added—and one of the prime factors in the
successful conduct of a business. Haphazard,
happy-go-lucky methods "don't go" in these strenuous
days, and a business man who is up-to-date
and down-to-business formulates and has constantly
before him a well defined plan as a basis
for his work. He thinks, acts, and succeeds. A
plan is necessary. How shall we P-L-A-N?
P.—PERSISTENTLY. L.—LIBERALLY. A.—
ALWAYS. N.—NOW. No farmer expects a crop
who has not sown the seed, and if he sows sparingly
he knows full well the character of the crop
that he will secure. The analogy holds good in
a business enterprise. Planning on a liberal
scale does not imply a reckless or indiscriminate
use of money; neither does a dealer want to go
to the other extreme, and be parsimonious.
People form opinions and pass judgment quite
largely from external appearances; hence the
necessity for a man of business having surroundings
that will attract favorable attention. Coal
dealers, when they call upon the wholesaler, expect
to be received in an office where neatness.
utility and comfort are some of the characteristics.
Indeed, they would be disappointed, yes, and surprised,
if the situation and conditions were otherwise.
We all know to what degree a satisfied and
contented mind influences a business transaction,
yet we frequently discover men in the coal trade
who apparently think that it is
A MEASURE or ECONOMY
not to spend a reasonable amount of money on
an office, its fittings and environments, to make
it attractive, instead of being what it sometimes
is, an eyesore.
Business pride and civic pride ought to unite
to influence a man to have the best possible place
that he can afford, for a headquarters in which
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
"A DISH OF COMMERCIAL P'S."
to meet the public whose patronage he seeks, and
whose friendship and good will he must have, if
From Address b.v D. L. Tuttle, Sales Agent at Buffalo, he is of to the succeed. In this connection, some may
Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co.
say that there is no friendship in business, but
no statement can hardly be farther from the
truth. Let a man who is genial and friendly,
arid who is constantly on the alert to make new
friends, have as a competitor a man of the opposite
disposition and type, and you know which of
the two men is bound to succeed, other things
being equal. Plan to keep your friendships in
repair—good repair—for it is indeed one of the
essentials to success in life that this should ho
done.
Plan to keep posted in trade conditions in all
sections, and on matters that affect these conditions—car
supply, delays in transportation from
different causes, shortage of coal, demand for
coal, etc., to the end tnat the dealer might not be
in the confused state of mind that the Irish
woman was who was being cross-questioned by a
lawyer, in a ease in court. The point under inquiry
was the relative positions of doors, windows,
etc., in a house in which a certain transaction
had occurred. "And now, my good woman,"
the lawyer said, "will you be good enough to tell
the court how the stairs run in your house?"
"How do the stairs run?" the witness replied.
"Shure, whin I am upstairs they do run down, and
whin I am downstairs av coorse they do run up."
If you want to know how the stairs run in the
coal trade, do not depend wholly upon reports
and articles which appear in the daily press and
magazines, from time to time, because either intentionally
or unintentionally they are sometimes
misleading. Interviews are frequently
USED Fou PARTISAN PURPOSES,
and different constructions put upon statements
from that intended by the person interviewed—
action taken by dealers for the general benefit
of the trade is misconstrued, in short, a seeming
feeling of antipathy is sometimes manifested
toward coal dealers that is entirely uncalled for.
There is absolutely nothing that the general public
purchases that is of as much utility, necessity
and comfort to so large a number of persons, at
such a minimum of expenditure, as coal. It is
of prime importance that the public should know
that the money put into coal is the best allround
investment the householder makes. How can
this be better done than by furnishing the newspapers
with items and articles for insertion from
the standard journals of the coal trade, giving
accurate and trustworthy information pertaining
to coal, the increased cost of production, the millions
of dollars expended in structures, devices and
appliances, in order to properly prepare the product
for the market;

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
How TO USE COAL
so as to obtain the best results, correct construction
of chimney flues, and inspection of same.
and other points of general interest that will
readily occur to you, and which I need not particularize.
While every man can continually increase his
knowledge, by the experience that comes to him,
it is a slow process, and one that is limited in its
scope and usefulness, by reason of restricted outlook
and opportunity. Consequently, there is a
necessity for a broader outlook, and for opportunities
to profit by the experiences of others who
are engaged in the same business, or who have
interests that are closely allied. These experiences,
as well as articles based on them, find expression
in the various journals published for the
coal trade, and if the publications in question only
used their columns for the above class of items
subscriptions would be a good investment on the
part of the dealer. What then shall be said when
we consider what is placed before the readers of
the ably edited weekly and monthly journals—
trade news from home and foreign markets, review
of conditions, correspondence from representatives
at the great commercial centers, special
correspondence from members of the editorial
staff, not to mention other well known features?
Simply this, the
DEALERS CANNOT AFFORD
not to take the great coal trade papers.
Apropos of this subject, I ask your indulgence
while I read an article from my scrap-book:
"The trade newspaper serves best the man who
is anxious enough to concentrate all his energies
on his business to seek all possible aids and is
willing to pay something for news or other information
collateral to his purpose. No retail dealer
can hope to keep pace with competition in this
day of progress and neglect to study constantly
the commercial situation in his own trade, and in
its relation to the business of the times. When
we think how busy the great leaders of commerce
and industry are, and recall also how well informed
they are, we somehow conclude that the
reason why they are leaders is because they are so
well informed. The man who conducts a business
successfully can never be too busy to read.
If he is not enough of a manager of his own establishment
to find time to keep posted, he should
close his doors until he can open them with eyes
clear as to the true policy of his trade."
The lesson is. Plan to take regularly, and read
faithfully, the coal trade papers. Less than
twenty cents per week pays the bills. You send
your subscription and remittance to cover, and
they "will do the rest."
Plan to keep a stock of the commodities you
sell on hand, especially coal. You expect "the
butcher, the baker and the candlestick-maker" to
have goods available when you want to buy, and
if they do not you would be quite likely to ask,
"What kind of a business do you run, anyway?"
especially if the grocer should be out of flour
early in the month and says he will not purchase
a new supply until next month because the price
will be lower then, or that he has
AN ORDER IN FOR SHIPMENT
next month when the new price circular goes into
effect. Small consolation in such explanations.
isn't there, for a customer who wants the flour for
use to satisfy the immediate needs of his family
in that direction? How much different would it
be if it was coal that he wanted, instead of flour,
and similar reasons were given for not being able
to supply him?
Plan to keep in touch with your sources of supply,
and enable the sources of supply to keep in
touch with you. Your name in an association's
list of members settles one question at least—you
are a regular recognized dealer or you would not
appear in the Year Book and membership lists.
When an inquiry comes to hand from a firm with
whom the wholesaler is unacquainted, the first
thing the wholesaler does is to take down the
association lists and ascertain if the party making
the inquiry is a dealer; that is, the wholesaler
does this if he is desirous of protecting
legitimate dealers, and that is what he ought to
do, for dealers are entitled to this consideration.
By this I do not mean that sales should be confined
to association members, but to dealer/s
equipped for the transaction of a retail coal business,
and not to the consumer.
Ingredient No. 2.—P-U-S-H, Push.
How shall we P-U-S-H? P—PERSISTENTLY;
U—UNCEASINGLY; S—NOT SLOTHFULLY;
H—HARD. Expressed in one word, all this
means work.
Carlyle has said, "The modern majesty consists
in work, and what a man can do is his greatest
ornament, and he always consults his dignity by
doing it." These are wise sentiments, put in
good, terse terms, and taken in connection with
the fact that where we are is of no moment (the
question is. what are we doing there?), furnishes
an incentive to us to do our best at all times and
not look mournfully into the past, bewailing our
mistakes. Uncle "Zeb" has put the case very
forcibly, when he says, "If we could go back and
lib our lives ober agin none of us would make
the mistakes we hev. We'd simply
MAKE OTHERS JUST AS BAD
or a plague sight worse. Fact is natur' calkerated
on a man picKm' up a bumble-bee by the

wrong end now and den, and dat's the reason
the bee is built the way he is."
We cannot all lead, but we can get behind and
push. A pusher engine, powerful and full of
reserve force, is not as handsome in appearance
as the passenger engine on the other end of the
train, but it is strictly business all the way
through when it comes to pushing the passenger
train over the grade that the handsome engine is
unable to make much headway against.
When there is a difficult task to perform, one
that requires tact and energy, be as wise as was
a bluff old boatman who was taking a party of
tourists across one of the lakes in Scotland. A
sudden squall came up and threatened to capsize
the boat. AVhen it seemed that the crisis had
really come, the largest and strongest man in the
party, in a state of intense fear, said, "Let us
pray." "No, no, my man," shouted the canny
Scotchman, "let the little man pray; you take an
oar." Let your strongest, best all-round man
take a laboring oar, and help you out. You
cannot do it all, and there will be enough for all
who are at present in the coal business to do,
until the latest heat-and-power-without-fuel crank
digs down deep into the earth and taps an inexhaustible
reservoir of natural steam, as someone
has aptly said.
One good way to push is to
ADVERTISE REGULARLY
in your home papers, in a judicious and appropriate
manner. Many times agents and traveling
salesmen purchase papers in cities and towns
to see what dealers advertise and keep their business
continually before the public. Another
method, in addition to newspaper advertising, is
special advertising along lines that have proved
in many instances successful—distribution among
customers and prospective customers of suitable
novelties for office, household or personal use.
Advertising pays. I came across a case in point
the other day.
A Denver paper tells of one Billy Jones, who
wrote on the blackboard at school: "Billy Jones
can hug the girls better than any boy in school."
The teacher, upon seeing it, called him up.
"William, did you write that?" "Yes, Ma'am," said
Billy. "Well, you can stay after school." The
children waited for Billy to come out and began
to guy him. "Got a lickin', didn't you?" "Nope."
"Got jawed?" "Nope." "What did she do?"
"Sha'nt tell," said the astute William, "but it
pays to advertise."
Someone with an inclination to drop into verse
has produced the following, with reference to advertising:
The man who whispers down a well
About the goods he has to sell,
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
Will never make the shining dollars
Like he who climbs a tree and hollers.
Ingredient No. 3.—PAY. Pay How shall you
pay? P—PROMPTLY. When shall you pay?
A—ALWAYS. Who shall pay? Y—YOU, of
course!
On one occasion I heard a prominent clergyman
say that when he considered the manner in which
some church members treated their financial obligations
to the church it reminded him of a certain
text that he would like to use as a basis for
a sermon. It is part of a verse that occurs in
JAMES P. WALSH,
(ienoral Manager of Sales, Pittsburgh Coal and Monongahela
River Codsolidated Coal & Coke Co?., Chief Host
of the Retailers.
the parable of the unjust steward: "And he laid
hands on him, and
TOOK HIM BY THE THROAT,
saying, 'Pay me that thou owest.' "
I am not quite sure but that the sales agents,
as they look over their outstanding balances when
the completed statement for the preceding month
is placed on their desks by the head bookkeeper.
sometimes wish that they, too. might have the
ability and opportunity to preach a sermon from
such a text. Possibly it could be stated a little
more strongly and it be said that on some occasions
the sales agents would feel like suiting the
action to the words, provided they had the requi-

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
site physical training. One good object might be
accomplished if this impossible action were taken
—money would certainly circulate, for a time.
at least.
"Money, the life-blood of the nation,
Corrupts and stagnates in the veins,
Unless a proper circulation
Its motion and its heat maintains."
It will be a happy day for "all concerned" when
dealers in every line of trade appreciate the great
value of a first-class credit with the wholesaler,
the manufacturer and the producer. The consummation
greatly to be desired by both parties
to a business transaction can readily be brought
about by a very simple process. Don't forget the
due date of your account each month for the shipments
made to you during the preceding month.
and, placing your autograph on the business-end of
a check which has all the spaces properly filled
in, duly enclose it in the regulation covering, on
which is endorsed the address of the person, firm
or company whom you desire to receive your remittance,
and ! • •
t\ 1
TRUST "UNCLE SAM"
to do his duty in consideration of the adhesive
evidence attached to the envelope that two cents
has been paid for the services that you expect
his employes to render in connection with the
transaction. j «"'•;
Many a dealer who has a low rating in the
commercial agency books is extended a moderate
line of credit, because he does as outlined above;
and, really, the best recommendation a dealer can
have is that his bills are paid O. T. (On Time).
It helps in two ways; he is all right with the
company from whom he purchases his stock, and
when inquiries come to the sales agent from the
commercial agencies, as they do, making detailed
inquiries as to customers, their methods of doing
business, general reputation for fairness in business
transactions, promptness in meeting obligations,
and asking for other pertinent information,
I can assure you that it is a genuine pleasure on
the part of the sales agent to make favorable replies
to the questions, and answer "pays
promptly." It is much better to say good things
of a man than to be placed in the position similar
to a witness in court, who said:
"You want me to tell the whole truth?"
"Certainly," replied the judge.
"The whole truth about the plaintiff?"
"Of course."
"How long does this court expect to sit?"
"What difference does that make?"
"It makes a lot off difference. I couldn't tell
the whole truth about that scoundrel inside of
thirty days, talking all the time."
Whatever we do, wherever we are, we ought to
remember that though few of us in all likelihood
are either sugar or salt, it is the privilege of us
all to keep sweet. Courtesy pays. From a business
point of view, as an element in the treatment
of trade, it pays a bigger dividend than any
other commodity in which a man can invest. He
who sows courtesy reaps friendship. A Massachusetts
firm prints this paragraph at the top of
its letter heads:
"Errors. We make them; so does everyone.
We will cheerfully correct them if you will write
us.
TRY TO WRITE GOOD-NATUREDLY
if you can, but write to us anyhow. Do not complain
to someone else first, or let the matter pass.
We want the first opportunity to make right any
injustice that we may do."
You know that this courteous statement makes
friends for that concern.
Courtesy costs nothing but a .sunny smile and
a pleasant word when most needed. Good nature.
and a "please," or a "thank-you" do go a great
way. If we sometimes think that people are
treading on our toes, ought we not to ascertain
if we are not taking up more than our share of
the sidewalk? Brethren, we are all human, very
human; but if we will, in our business relations.
observe the golden rule, "Whatsoever ye would
that men should do to you, do ye even so to them,"
it could be truthfully said that the millennium in
the commercial affairs of the world was at hand;
that it was no longer an iridescent dream, but a
fixed reality.
As I realize that possibly I may have exceeded
the time allotted to me. and in that case, ought
to have cut some of the corners, I am reminded
of the story told of a Kentucky mountaineer who
had never seen a railroad train. One day he consented
to go to town and see the wonder. He
arrived a little ahead of train time, and, getting
impatient as he waited, he walked up the track
to meet it. He met it as it rounded a curve.
Turning about, the mountaineer ran along the
track as for his life. "Toot, toot," sounded the
locomotive, slowing up, but the mountaineer only
dug the gravel more industriously than ever. He
soon reached the station, completely out of breath.
"Why didn't you cut across?" inquired one of
the bystanders.
"Cut across!" exclaimed the uncouth lad. "If I
had not kept straight ahead, but struck the
ploughed ground, the thing certainly would have
caught me."
I have kept straight ahead, and have arrived at
the terminal station safely, keeping out of the
way of the cars.
As a closing word of exhortation, allow me to
quote from Holy Writ:

"Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true,
whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things
are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever
things are lovely, whatsoever things are of
good report; if there be any virtue, and if there
be any praise, think on these things."
OFF'N THE SLACK PILE.
Standing hard to starboard on the "Island
Queen" Assistant General Manager of Sales
W. A. Marsh of Pittsburghcoal was explaining
to Mayor James Blaney of Sharpsville how
to run this municipality when the prized Panama
of the mayor, brought home by him from Cuba,
was brushed into "Muddy Waters" by one of the
attending gesticulations of Mr. Marsh. The
mayor told of his chagrin in his countenance for
only a moment and then declared, "Pshaw, I'm
glad the bloomin' thing is gone at last. Every
bellhop and waiter that I ever met sized up the
lid as good for a four-time tip and the retail coal
business can't stand that." Mr. Marsh in his
characteristic suave manner was not satisfied
and assured 'is-honor that he had a red-devil just
like Clay Frick's waiting at the Pittsburgh wharf
and he would make amends. In Pittsburgh that
night a half score of haberdashery doors withstood
the knocks and pounds to which they were
subjected and there were strenuous doings before
the mayor of Sharpsville was decked in a new
chapeau-Panama, almost as good as the one from
Cuba.
Vice-President W. R. Woodford of Pittsburghcoal
wished, the party bon voyage on the river as he
stepped ashore whilst Jim Walsh breathlessly
swung aboard, the former with the assurance that
after the directors' meeting of the company that
day he would catch the steamer on the down trip.
He meant it but his reward was to see the deserted
hull moored at Pittsburgh wharf after
learning at Charleroi that she had never reached
there; same word at lock No. 3; recently passed
at lock No. 2, and just gone through at No. 1. It's
a good thing that no such hoodoo hovers over the
vice-president at his desk.
When the advance guard of the party which had
visited the Homestead mills reached the boat on
the return trip, the band, at the instigation of
Mine Manager George W. Schluederberg, struck up
the "Rogue's march;" the air was continued until
the pilgrims were seated at luncheon but beyond a
grin, here and there, the joke fell flat, the delegates
being too much under the impression of
what they had seen and too much interested in
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
the enticing viands before them to appreciate
musical comedy.
D. L. Tuttle, sales agent of the Philadelphia &
Reading Coal & Iron Co.. was a most welcome
honor guest. His fund of rare good stories never
run out and most everybody along remembered
with glee the handsome treatment his company
gave the association last year when it acted as
host of the excursions incident to the convention.
The only protest was from a big man from
Buffalo who fussed because a fat copper would
WALTER J. PHILLIPS,
President Federal Supply Co., one of tiie most active
and amiable of tho Entertainment Committee.
not let him sing "Old Kentucky Home" in sonorous
discord in front of the Hotel Henry after low
12. There was a lapse of loyalty on the part of
the bobby, of course, but he probably never heard
of Steve Foster, Mr. Buffalo.
*
Somebody put out a bulletin that Chairman
Robbins and Solicitor Rodgers and others of
the absent big fellows of the company were to
join the boat on the down-trip. Hackneyed expressions
of regret such as at a pink tea were lost

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
in a certain measure of forgetfulness when the
party was overdue.
Hon. James P. Walsh actually seemed to be
angry for just a moment. It was when he discovered
that the "dinge" string orchestra had
taken two hours for lunch. He discharged the
outfit and just 60 seconds later was stepping off
a lively rag-time, the orchestra busy on the job
again.
*
Fred Saal, sales agent of Pittsburghcoal at Cleveland,
was the only conspicuous member of the
3-a-m's of Thursday morning who boarded the
Island Queen looking fresh as a morning glory
and for all the world as though he had just
corralled a fat contract.
*
Fred Now, who does things as purchasing agent
of the big company, lent his benign presence without
a whit of perturbation regardless. His closest
friends were wise, however, tnat he was secretly
bemoaning the absence of the pin and newspaper
game.
The stewardship of John Armstrong of Rivercoal
was just all the mustard. John's big fine
personality and hearty manner whetted many a
dyspeptic's appetite which had failed to respond
to the tramp through Homestead mills.
*
Mercury was a leaden-footed wooden Indian as
compared to Harry McMahon who circulated about
the boat as if on wings, acting as aid-de-camp and
orderly sergeant to everybody and seeing that
every guest was properly entertained.
*
Walter Phillips wore that comforting smile
throughout with suspicious uniformity. It may
have broadened a bit when he had cleaned out the
only game.
*
Ask the general manager of sales about Lucy,
the mule who refused to be comforted after the
party returned to Pittsburgh from the Moon Run
mine.
*
S. W. Stickney of the D. J. Stickney Co.. Buffalo,
N. Y., declares that he is small fry in the trade
regardless of the big name. Don't believe him.
*
George H. Mitchell, secretary of the association,
lived up to his reputation as one of the broadgauged
men of the trade.
*
Somebody was heard to say that this Pittsburgh
Coal Co. is nearly as hot at entertaining as is its
coal.
President William F. Endress of the association
maintained his masterful dignity to the finish.
*
Anything you don't understand, write us, enclosing
that two for the overdue subscription.
ILLINOIS COAL MINES WILL
SUSPEND OPERATIONS TO-DAY.
Practically all the coal mines in Illinois, with
the exception of a few "longwall" mines in the
northern part of the state, will suspend operations
to-day as a result of the action on the shot firers'
law taken by the Illinois Coal Operators' Association
at the meeting held at Springfield on June
20. This action is embodied in the following resolution
which was passed by a unanimous vote:
WHEREAS, the coal miners of Illinois have secured
the enactment of a law providing for the
employment of shot firers and examiners in the
production of coal, which law prevents further
compliance by them with the terms of the contract
between them and the Illinois Coal Operators'
Association, which contract otherwise would
be effective until April 1, 1908. and which, therefore,
abrogates said contract; and
WHEREAS, said law adds to the cost of mining
coal, throwing the different sections of the state
out oi their competitive relationship, and the
entire state out of competitive relationship with
the other states in the interstate movement, contrary
to tne provisions of the contract; and
WHEREAS, when said law was pending as a bill
in the legislature it was opposed by the operators
in the belief that it would increase rather
than diminish both fatal and non-fatal accidents
in the mines of Illinois, and further because it
would cause the abrogation of the existing contracts,
inasmuch as it would require the coal
mine operators to segregate the work of the
miner and hire special men to do a part of the
work in uie production of the coal that the miner
is paid for in the contract mining price, and inasmuch
as it would also divide the responsibility
and compel the operator to assume certain liabilities
heretofore assumed by the miner and
upon which the present agreements are based;
now. therefore, be it
Resolved, that the Illinois Coal Operators'
Association, in meeting assembled, this day, June
20;, 1905, declares that all its members
must abide by the letter and spirit of said law
in absolute good faith: and be it further
Resolved, that since said contract, through
such action of the miners, ceases to exist June
30, 1905, the mining of coal throughout the state

must thereupon cease until a new contract is
negotiated; and be it, therefore, further
Resolved, that the coal operators of the state
are prepared to negotiate with the miners a new
competitive scale, based upon the provisions of
said law.
Following the adoption of these resolutions
the coal operators of the state posted notices at
their mines as follows: "NOTICE—The coal miners
of Illinois have secured tne enactment of a law
requiring the employment of shot firers and examiners,
which law prevents the miners from
carrying out the terms of the contracts existing
between their organization and the Illinois Coal
Operators' Association from and after July 1, 1905,
when it takes effect, thus cancelling said contracts
on that date. This law adds to the cost of producing
coal, contrary to the contracts, and throws
the various districts of the state out of their
proper competitive relationship, and the state as
a whole out of its proper relation to the other
states. The provisions of this law will be complied
with in good faith by the coal operators of
the state, but the only contracts existing between
the miners and operators of the state being ended
by the miners, the mining of eoal in tnis mine will
cease on and after July 1, 1905, until a new contract
has been entered into between the Illinois
Coal Operators' Association and the United Mine
Workers of America."
OHIO MINING REPORT.
Chief Inspector of Mines George Harrison of
Ohio, in his annual report for 1904, recommends
the appointment of a commission to revise the
mining laws of the state. At the time of the
passage of the present mining laws the greater
portion of coal produced was mined by pick, while
at the present time 67.3 per cent, of it is mined
by the use of machinery, which has increased the
number of fatal accidents to an alarming degree,
while there is no statute governing this method
of coal mining, the word "electricity" or "mining
machine" not being found in the mining laws.
Special mention is also made of the dangers of
mine fires which are coming to be of frequent
occurrence, and also to the connecting of large
mining properties which is a coming source of
danger to life and property.
The coal trade for 1904, while showing a slight
increase in tonnage, was not one of marked prosperity,
a strike on the great lakes, car shortage,
long continued drouth during the latter part of
the year and other trade conditions prevailing
caused serious inactivity in the industry.
The total number of tons of coal mined was
24,583,815, and 45,834 miners were employed. The
tonnage increased only 10,549, while the number
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 3?
of miners increased 4,438. The average yearly
tonnage per man in 1903 was 593; in 1904, it was
only 536.
The fatal accidents decreased six, 118 being reported:
101 new mines opened up; 201 mining
machines added to the list already in operation
in the state; 257 permanent improvements were
made, and 1,789 inspections made.
A decrease of from almost 3,000,000 to 249,189
tons of lump coal is noted since 1902. There was
an increase in the output in fine coal, which in
1902 was over 300,000. In 1903 it increased over
The Moon Run Mine of The Pittsburgh Coal Co.
500.000 and in 1904 an increase of over 200,000 is
noted, which is due to the universal system in
practice in some of the districts of the state, commonly
known as "blasting coal off the solid."
Athens county ranked first in point of production
with over 3,500,000 tons; Belmont and Guernsey,
over 3,000,000; Jefferson and Perry nearly
2,500,000; Hocking and Jackson almost 2,000,000.
and Tuscarawas over 1,000,000.
The Seaconnet Coal Co. has been incorporated at
Portland, Me., to deal in fuel of all kinds. The
capital is $150,000. F. J. Laughlin. of Portland.
is president.

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ALABAMA MINE WORKERS AND COMMER­
CIAL OPERATORS SIGN A NEW SCALE ;
THE STRIKE AGAINST THE IRON PRO­
DUCING COMPANIES TO CONTINUE.
The commercial coal operators and the Alabama
Consolidated Coal & Iron Co. have signed a wage
scale with the United Mine Workers for the year
beginning to-day. The new scale is the same as
that previously in force. It was signed on June
20 by the mine workers through their officers and
by B. F. Roden and G. B. McCormack, representing
the commercial operators and President T. G. Bush
of the Alabama Consolidated Coal & Iron Co. The
agreement was reached without difficulty at a
conference held on June 19. Its provisions are
in accordance with the scale formulated by the
miners, whose eighth annual convention opened
at Birmingham on June 12. With the exception
of the Alabama conipany, no notice was taken by
the operators of the convention or its proceedings.
At the early sessions of the convention all the
old officers were elected as follows: National committeeman,
W. R. Fairley; president, Edward
Flynn; secretary and treasurer, J. L. Clemo; vicepresident,
B. L. Greer.
The following is an excerpt from the report of
Secretary and Treasurer J. L. Clemo:
"At the close of business, April 30, 1904, we had
on hand in the district treasury $18,174.90. Our
income during the year was $468,169.26, making
a total of $486,344.16. Our expenditures for the
same period were $440,940.75, leaving a balance
on hand April 30, 1905, of $45,403.41. With due
consideration of the great struggle that we have
been engaged in for the past ten months we have
added to our treasury $27,228.51. On the 12th
day of August, 1904, we had 9,122 men on strike.
There were approximately 1,000 men and their
families that were able to care for themselves.
At that time we had 28,122 men, women and children
to care for. We are now providing for 4,203
members and their families, making a total of
16,872. The amount paid for provisions to maintain
our members on strike was $365,248.33.
"The paid-up membership for the local unions
that are at work for the month of April, 1905, was
3,624. During the twelve months seven local
unions have been organized."
The summary of the itemized report of Secretary
Clemo is as follows:
Total receipts from May 1, 1904, to
April 30, 1905 $486,344.16
Total disbursements in same period... 440,940.75
Total $45,403.41
The secretary reported also on the Virginia fund
that had been received by him. The total amount
was $11,336.30.
After the scale had been signed on June 20 the
miners adopted a resolution declaring the relations
between their organization and the furnace
operators shall remain the same as they have been
during the past year, unless the furnace operators
agreed to yield to their demands. This resolution
continues the strike against the open shop furnace
companies.
The following are the terms of the scale signed:
1. The prices paid at Pratt mines are to be
the basis, and all differentials, prices, local rules
and regulations pertaining to the operation of
mines, in force during the year ending June 30,
1903, are to remain in full force until June 30,
1904, except where specially provided for in this
contract.
2. The price of mining at Pratt mines to be as
follows, when all grades of pig iron f. o. b. cars
at furnaces in Alabama net:
$8.00 per ton ilf2
9.00 per ton 50
9.50 per ton 52y2
10.50 per ton 55
11.50 per ton 57%
which shall be the maximum; the price of pig
iron to be determined as follows:
The miners to appoint one or more duly authorized
representatives to act for them, and such
representative or representatives to meet the representative
or representatives of the different companies
concerned not later than the 5th day of
each month, and at such meeting to examine all
books, sales memoranda, or other evidence in
possession of the said companies, as might show
the actual average net price at which the said
companies sold all grades of pig iron in the previous
month, and such prices when determined to
be announced by the representatives, to both the
miners and the companies, and to be binding upon
both. If the representatives of the miners and
the companies fail to agree as to what was the
selling price of all grades of iron for any month,
then they are to agree upon and call in another
person, who is not a miner or an employe of the
company, who shall, upon investigation of the
actual sales made, determine the price, and such
determinations shall be binding upon all parties
to this contract. The expenses of the representatives
of the miners to be regulated and paid by
them. Such expense to be pro-rated by the committee
at so much per miner, whose name appears
on the roll, and to be collected by the companies
and turned over to the committee.
3. No increase to be given for narrow work
which is specially provided for under clauses 5
and 10 of this contract.
4. The following uniform day wage scale to
govern, based upon 55 cents per ton for mining

coal, to go up and down with the scale as before:
Drivers $1.78
Spike team drivers, 25c extra, and for each
mule over two, 10c extra.
Trackmen 2.69
Trackmen helpers 1.70
Trappers 931/0
Brattice men 2.69
Inside engineers 1,95
Outside engineers 2.56
Slope chainers 1.78
Tail rope chainers 1.78
Steam pumpers 1.78
Furnace firemen 1.50
Boiler firemen 1.85
Slope repairmen 2.40
Dumpers 1.52
Scalers 1.52
Tipple middleman 1.48
Coupler 1.09
Greaser 1.04
Pin puller 1.64
Railroad car loader 1.62%
Ash roller 1.35
Car repairer 2.471/.
Machinist 2.49
Blacksmith 2.96
Blacksmith's helper 1.67
Drummers 2.02
Miners on company work 2.93
Stableman 1.37%
INDIANA MINE WORKERS HAVE
$90,000 IN SUSPENDED BANK.
The Vigo County National bank at Terre Haute,
Ind., on which there had been a run for two days,
closed its doors on June 28. A national bank examiner
is investigating. Assets and liabilities
were placed at $1,564,968.70 in the June 1 report.
Cashier Conseman's shortage is said to be $250,000.
The Indiana United Mine Workers had $90,000 on
deposit in the bank and have been unable to get it.
(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 28).
adjustable by the superintendent shall not cause
a stoppage of work by the men, but shall be referred
to the parties hereto for settlement.
The foregoing agreement and arrangement to
continue in force to the first day of April, 1906.
In witness whereof, the respective parties hereunto
have set their hands, the day and year first
above written.
(Signed) W. B. Wilson, Louis P. Miller, Patrick
Gilday, David Estep, John Jenkins, Martin Gannon,
J. P. O'Dea, John Fogerty, Robert McBlaine,
F. J. Schultz, Jacob Wituski, William McLaughlin,
Aug. M. Johnson, H. P. Cougan.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 3!l
GEORGE A. MAGOON LEAVES UNITED
COAL CO. TO BE VICE PRESIDENT AND
SALES MANAGER OF EIGHT OTHER CON­
CERNS IS SUCCEEDED BY F. B. LOCK­
HART.
Mr. George A. Magoon has left the United Coal
Co. of Pittsburgh to become vice-president and
general manager of sales of the following affiliated
interests: Pittsburgh & Westmoreland Coal Co..
Shoenberger Coal Co., Hazel Kirk Gas Coal Co..
Penn Manor Shaft Co., Blaine Coal Co., Deckers
Creek Coal & Coke Co., Great Lakes Coal Co. and
Preston Coal Co., all with headquarters in Pittsburgh.
Mr. F. B. Lockhart takes charge of the
office resigned by Mr. Magoon in the United Coal
Co. Mr. Magoon is well known as one of the
most able sales managers in the trade. Mr. Lockhart
has been associated with Mr. Magoon in the
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_^a
m
JS|H
M0WWW ^000000000*.
^k ••
GEORGE A. MAGOON,
rf***^"'''-'''": ''-''iM
Who becomes Vice President and General Manager of
Sales for an Importaut New Family of Producing Interests.
sales department of the United Coal Co. for years
and is well qualified to succeed him.
The first five of the affiliated concerns with
which Mr. Magoon has become associated are
producers and shippers of Youghiogheny and Westmoreland
gas coal and the others of steam coal
with some facilities for coking, which are to be
extended. Mr. H. A. Kuhn, who engineered the
opening of the modern plant of the Blaine Coal
Co., is now the head of the operating departments

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
of all the companies. The changes make a remarkably
strong new family of producing interests
in the Pittsburgh district.
Mr. W. M. McKee, the expert electrical engineer,
who had charge of the American building for the
United States government at the Paris Exposition,
has been made assistant to Mr. Sanford B. Belden.
Pittsburgh manager of the Jeffrey Manufacturing
Co. Mr. McKee will look after sales, as well as
represent the company as an engineer. He is a
native of Ohio, having been reared at Chillicothe
and is a graduate of Ann Arbor, class of '99.
Immediately after his college career, he became
associated with the Jeffrey coinpany at Columbus
headquarters and in the interval since was connected
with the Pittsburgh Coal Co. for a period
of about two and a half years. Mr. Ellwood D.
Horkheimer, who has been a sales representative
of the Jeffrey company, connected with the Pittsburgh
otnee, has resigned his position. It is
understood that his successor has not yet been
named.
The Michigan and Indiana Coal Dealers' Association
has chosen the following officers: President,
Mr. Robert B. Lake, of Jackson; vice-president,
Mr. F. H. Hobbs, Benton Harbor. Mich.;
treasurer. Mr. A. E. Bradshaw, Indianapolis;
directors, Messrs. D. M. Baker, Adrian, Mich., and
Walter F. Miller, South Bend.
The board of directors of the Pittsburgh Block
Coal Co. organized recently by electing Mr. J. K.
Ewing president and treasurer; Mr. C. J. Davis,
of Steubenville. vice-president; and Mr. Harry E.
Zaring. secretary. The company is preparing to
actively push its mining operations with the early
fall.
Mr. H. M. Matthews, division freight and coal
and coke agent of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad
at Pittsburgh, Pa., has been appointed general coal
and coke agent of the road, with headquarters at
Baltimore, Md., succeeding the late James A. Murray.
The appointment becomes effective to-day.
Mr. N. P. Hyndman, sales agent of the Washington
Coal & Coke Co., Pittsburgh, accompanied
by his wife, is on a western vacation trip, taking
in the Portland exposition. He left June 12 to
be back at his offices about August 1.
Mr. Robert W. Johnson, of the Ottumwa Box
Car Loader Co., recently spent a few days in Pitts­
burgh. He reports business extremely good, his
company selling more machines than any other
two alleged rivals combined.
Captain John A. Wood, one of the best known
of the older Pittsburgh coal operators, has just returned
from an eight months' bridal tour throughout
the west and along the Pacific coast. The
captain is 75 years old.
PENNSYLVANIA RETAILERS
HOLD FIRST CONVENTION.
The first annual convention of the Pennsylvania
Retail Coal Merchants' Association was held at
Reading, Pa., on June 20, with more than 300 delegates
present.
Secretary W. M. Bertolet reported upon the purpose
of the organization that of eliminating competition
between the shipper and the retail coal
merchant in the matter of shipments to individual
consumers, and to manufacturers for other than
steaming purposes, showing that during the past
six months over two hundred ears of domestic
coal have been sold over the retailer's head in
twenty-three towns of eastern Pennsylvania.
Every possible effort is to be made to work in
harmony with the wholesale trade on these subjects.
Reports were presented showing, moreover,
that the shippers appreciate the increased
security of a market among the retail merchants,
and they are ready to draw a sharp line between
the retailer and the consumer. A committee was
appointed to draft a bill to be presented at the
next session of the Pennsylvania legislature, providing
that the legal ton in the state be changed
from 2,240 to 2.000 pounds, in all cases except
shipments by boat or railway.
The International Anthracite Merchants' Association,
a broader concentration of retail interests
organized at New York City on May 10, 1905, was
endorsed and application made for membership
therein.
Samuel B. Crowell, president of the firm of
Robert Henderson & Co., of Philadelphia, was
elected president for the year 1905-1906; E. C.
Smoyer, of Allentown, Pa., vice-president; and C.
Frank Williamson, of Media, Pa., treasurer. E.
Z. Zinn, of York; F. J. Wallis, of Harrisburg, Pa.;
and J. Arthur Strunk, of Reading, Pa., were
elected directors for three years.
Although Belgium is one of the oldest coal mining
countries, and its collieries have been actively
worked for many years, a new coal region has
just been discovered. Borings in the Campines
field have shown the existence of coal, and mining
will soon be begun. The area of the new field is
large.

THE PULSE OF
The general coal market is slowly settling into
a midsummer condition. It is dull in spots but
the situation, on the whole, must be regarded as
satisfactory. The western bituminous trade is
still practically lifeless, but there is a strong prospect
of activity after July 1, when the Illinois shotfirers'
law becomes effective. Should the mines
be closed, as now seems probable, the over-supply
of Illinois coal will soon be disposed of and already
there are rumors that a rise in price of 10
cents per ton is contemplated. It is a question
whether or not this can be made effective as a
suspension of operations in Illinois is almost certain
to be followed by an increase in production
in other western states. Should the suspension
continue until fall, however, it would doubtless
have considerable beneficial effect on the entire
western market. Conditions in the southwest
are unchanged. Retail trade is good, but the
market taken as a whole is sluggish. Trade is
less brisk in the Mississippi valley owing to curtailed
demand and over-supply. In the industrial
section of the south production is still being
pushed to the limit. The action of the mine
workers in and subsequent to their convention had
practically no effect on the situation and certainly
none that would make it less strong. An agreement
was reached with the commercial operators
while no notice was taken by the iron producing
companies. In the West Virginia field production
is being maintained in accordance with the
volume of trade and transportation facilities and
shows no new features. An improvement is noted
in the conditions in Ohio and Indiana and while
no actual changes have been announced some
large contracts have been closed and a tendency
toward firmness is shown. A heavier movement
is being made in lake coal but there is still abundant
room for improvement. There has been some
fairly neavy buying at current prices, but steam
coal continues very weak. The Pittsburgh field
remains active, the river operators being again
favored with a stage of water which permitted
them to ship their accumulated supplies south.
This shipment, which continued from June 21 to
24 was the largest for that month in recent years
and totalled nearly 15,000,000 bushels. A corresponding
return of empty craft was made, renewing
the bright outlook for the remainder of the
summer. Lake shipments continue heavy and
rail trade generally is good. Price quotations
remain unchanged at 95c. to $1.00 for run-ofmine,
f. o. b. mines.
THE MARKETS.
II
There are signs of the consumers and producers
of coke getting together on last half business and
a tendency toward better prices is already noticeable.
The curtailment of production will not be
so great as was expected and while there has been
much talk about the falling off of both production
and shipments, the changes in the figures are
comparatively small. An element of strength has
been given to the market by the refusal of the
Frick company to sell to the general trade. Its
surplus product will, as heretofore, be stored until
needed. No. 1 spot furnace coke is worth $1.90
to $2.00, with 20 cents advance for third quarter
delivery and an additional 20 cents for last quarter
delivery. Foundry coke is quoted at $2.35 to
$2.50, but strictly high grade foundry commands
a much higher figure.
The eastern bituminous trade is in good condition,
considering the season, with movements
steady and demand fair. Some contracts are
being made and the situation on the whole is satisfactory.
The usual midsummer dullness is expected,
but the indications are against its immediate
occurrence. Trade along the sound is showing
an inclination to increase, its interests veering
from anthracite to bituminous as the season advances,
and the increase in schedule prices on
anthracite comes into play. Trade in New York
harbor is fairly strong. All-rail trade is going
forward in a quiet way, remaining firm. Transportation
from mines to tide continues excellent,
the old schedules of time between various mines
and tidewater shipping ports being regularly improved
upon. Car supply is up to demand.
The anthracite market is quiet but stable, with
the exception of steam sizes which are in small
demand. No advantage of present rates is being
taken and an active increase in the demand is not
expected for some time to come. Conditions are
better east than west.
Hull, Blyth & Co., of London and Cardiff, report
the market unchanged with quotations as follows:
Best Welsh steam coal, $3.36; seconds, $3.18;
thirds, $3.06; dry coals. $3.00; best Monmouthshire,
$3.00; seconds, $2.94; best small steam coal,
$2.40; seconds, $2.28; other sorts, $1.92.
The fifth annual convention of the Northwestern
Retail Coal Dealers' Association was held at Duluth.
Minn., June 27. 28 and 29.

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Judge Rodgers. of the federal court at Fort
Smith, Ark., recently instructed the grand jury
to find indictments against every member of the
union at Spadra who refused to unload a car of
machinery because it was loaded at Chicago by
non-union men. It was consigned to the Consolidated
Coal Co., of Johnson county. The machinery
was followed to its destination by one of the
agitators of the Chicago strike, who conferred
with the labor men at Spadra and influenced
them against unloading the macninery. The
company sent to Clarksville for men, who, upon
arrival, were also influenced to withdraw. The
jury refused to obey the court's instructions and
did not indict the men.
* * *
The Zeigler Mining Co., of Zeigler, 111., where
the recent explosion occurred, killing 53 miners,
has made application to the federal courts at
Springfield that the temporary injunction restraining
the striking union miners from interfering
with the operation of the mines of Joseph Leiter
at Zeigler be made permanent. Leiter made an
emphatic statement to the effect that he believed
the explosion in his mine was caused by strikers.
whom he says he believes set fire to the mine or
ignited tne powder. Leiter further declared that
the air in the mine was pure, and that reports to
the contrary are false.
* * *
Unless the trouble between the Consolidated
Coal Co., of Saginaw, Mich., and the 200 miners
employed in its Riverside mine is settled within
a few days, the Riverside, Central. Standard No. 2
and Cass River mines, owned by the Consolidated
Co., will be shut down. The miners claim the
scale defines clearly that the man over whom the
trouble originated is of the employe class and not
employer, as the operators assert. The man is
willing to joint the union, but the company refuses
to recognize him if he does.
* * *
Because of the serious aspect of the situation
between the operators and mine workers in the
Illinois coal fields, President John Mitchell left
Scranton, Pa., for the seat of trouble on the 24th.
This necessarily caused all of the engagements
of Mr. Mitchell that have already been made by
the district leaders in the antnracite regions and
which would have kept him there nearly the entire
month of July, to be cancelled.
* * *
The dispute between the Pittsburgh vein coal
operators of eastern Ohio and the West Virginia
panhandle and the United Mine Workers as to
the interpretation of the interstate agreement, is
still unsettled and likely to remain unsettled until
the next interstate meeting. There is a difference
of opinion in regard to the dumping of coal
for more than eight hours in the twenty-four.
m m m
Despite the fact that the Central Labor Union
placed all the Pittsfield. Mass., dealers on the unfair
list, with the exception of one, coal handlers
who are out on strike as well as union men from
other locals are purchasing coal from them. The
dealers say there has not been any falling off in
the sale of coal since the ban was placed on them.
# * *
The Tennessee Coal & Iron Co. during June
added 100 more mines to its working staff in the
Pratt division. Most of the men came from Pennsylvania
and were accompanied by their families.
* * *
About 1,000 employes of the Superior Coal Co.,
of Wellston. O.. were ordered on strike on June
24, by officers of the United Mine Workers. The
strike was caused by the discharge of one man.
* * *
A strike was declared on June 28 at the coal
and iron mines, foundries and factories in the
districts of Dombrowa. Strzemieszyce and Sosnowiec.
Southwestern Interstate Convention.
At the recent annual meeting of the Southwestern
Interstate Coal Operators' Association, at
Kansas City, Mo., the voting for officers was conducted
on the tonnage plan, which gave the "Big
Four" absolute control of the meeting. The Big
Four is composed of the Central Coal & Coke Co..
the Western Coal & Mining Co.. the Mount Carmel
Coal Co. and the Southwest Coal & Improvement
Co. W. C. Perry, of the Central Coal & Coke Co.,
was chosen president to succeed B. F. Bush, who
declined to serve longer, and C. J. Devlin, of
Topeka, succeeded Mr. Perry as vice-president at
large. E. F. Watson was elected secretary to
succeed S. W. Kniffin, and Walton Holmes, of
Kansas City, president of the Pioneer Trust Co.,
was elected treasurer. The place of treasurer
had been filled by the former secretary. Under
the tonnage rule the constitution of the association
was changed and the general scale committee
abolished. In place of the scale committee an
executive committee, with all its powers, was
chosen. This committee will confer with the
United Mine Workers of America in Indianapolis
next February. The new executive committee
held a meeting and re-elected Bennett Brown
commissioner.
One of the Lehigh Coal & Navigation Co.'s mines
near Tamaqua. Pa., has been on fire for 47 years.

THE FOREIGN COAL TRADE.
The following are the principal available items
of the foreign coal trade:
Imports of fuel in France for the three months
ending March 31 were as follows, in metric tons:
1904. 1905. Changes.
Coal 2,774,760 2,383,660 D. 391,100
Coke 413,590 371,340 D. 42,250
Briquettes 138.240 106,350 D. 31,890
Total 3,326,590 2,861,350 D. 465,240
Exports of fuel from France for the three
months ending March 31 were as follows, in metric
tons:
1904. 1905. Changes.
Coal 269,500 466,500 I. 197,000
Coke 31,241 67,320 I. 36,079
Briquettes 21,197 11,390 D. 9,807
Total 321,938 545,210 I. 223,272
Exports of fuel from Germany for the four
months ending April 30 were as follows, in metric
tons:
1904. 1905. Changes.
Coal 6,011,604 5,413,723 D. 597,881
Brown coal 6.635 6,300 D. 335
Coke 905,801 798,057 D. 107,744
Total 6,924,040 6,218,080 D. 705,960
Imports of fuel into Germany for the four
months ending April 30 were as follows, in metric
tons:
1904. 1905. Changes.
Coal 1,863,348 3,235,416 1.1,372,068
Brown coal 2,566,707 2,669,995 I. 103,288
Coke 175.474 246,584 I. 71,110
Total 4,605,529 6,151,995 1.1,646.466
Exports of fuel from Great Britain for the five
months ending May 31 were as follows, in metric
tons:
1904. 1905. Changes.
Coal 18,360.879 19,064.304 I. 703,425
Coke 268,412 267,179 D. 1,233
Briquettes 531,019 441,417 D. 89,602
Total 19,160,310 19.772,900 1. 612.590
In addition to these exports there were sent
abroad for the use of steamers engaged in foreign
trade. 6.768,817 tons of coal in 1904, and 7,015,698
tons in 1905; an increase of 246,881 tons.
The exports to the United States, included above,
were as follows for the five months:
1904. 1905. Changes.
Atlantic ports.... 21,203 16,443 D. 4,860
Pacific ports 55,493 34,ouJ D. 20,833
Total 76.796 51 103 D. 25.693
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
^ COAL TRADE CASUALTIES.
Flre has again broken out in Sumter mines,
near Chattanooga. Tenn., the opening up of all the
slopes in the mines fanning the fires into a blaze.
which was thought to be entirely out. Work on
repairs has been in progress for some time, and
no one supposed that hidden in the recesses of the
mines fire was still slumbering,
—x—
In a collision in a fog off Presque Point, in Lake
Huron June 18. between the freight steamers Etruria
and Amasa Stone, the Etruria was badly
damaged and sank to the bottom of the lake, carrying
with it 7,000 tons of Hocking coal, which
had been loaded on the Hocking Valley docks at
Toledo.
—x—
The breaker structure of the Sioux colliery,
operated by the Lehigh Valley Coal Co., was destroyed
by fire on June 27, causing a loss of $55,-
000. Four hundred men and boys are idle.
—x—
The steamer Vulcan, owned by the Vesta Coal
Co., turned turtle in the Monongahela river near
Charleroi, Pa., on June 20 and probably will be
a total loss.
—x—
The towboat J. E. Leonard, engaged in the Monongahela
river coal "trade, was burned near
Brownsville, Pa., June 23; loss $15,000.
To Test Mine Inspector's Ruling.
Ex-Mine Inspector William Callaghan, mine foreman
of W. J. Rainey's Revere mines near Connellsville,
Pa., was arrested on June 26 and held for
court on a charge of violation of the mining laws,
made by Inspector I. G. Roby of the Fifth bituminous
district. Callaghan is charged with not
directing his men to undercut the coal before
blasting. Because of an order to compel this,
recently issued by Roby, the two Riverview mines
and the mines of the Masontown Coal & Coke Co.
have shut down, the miners refusing to undercut
at the present scale. More shutdowns are expected
and the result of the matter is watched with
interest by operators and men.
Low Fares for Fourth of July Trips via
Pennsylvania Lines.
July lst, 2d, 3d and 4th, excursion tickets may
be obtained at ticket stations on the Pennsylvania
Lines to any other station on those lines within
a radius of 200 miles. Excursion tickets will be
valid for return until July 5th, inclusive. For
particulars regarding fares and time of trains,
apply to Pennsylvania Lines Passenger and Ticket
Agents.

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
0 RETAIL TRADE NOTES. p
The Powell-Scott Wood & Coal Co. has been
formed at Little Rock, Ark., to do a retail fuel
business.
Judge Stone has overruled the demurrer filed
*
by the recently indicted retail eoal dealers at Jones & Hull have purchased the business of
Cleveland. The coal men maintained that the the Gainesville Light & Fuel Co.. at Gainesville,
Valentine anti-trust law, under which the indict­ Tex.
ments were found, was unconstitutional in that
*
it forbade all associations of business men, and The J. H. Bennett Coal Co. has been incorporated
provided harsh and unusual penalties. The judge with a capital stock of $5,000, at Weir City, Kas.
held that a higher court had approved the law
*
and that it should stand as far as this case was W. L. Stickel has purchased the business of
concerned. No notice of error was made and the Kearney Coal Co., at Kearney, Neb.
therefore the case will go on trial on its merits.
*
*
W. L. Stickle has purchased the business of the
The operators of Pittsburg. Kan., are trying to Kearney Coal Co., of Kearney, Neb.
get together on a proposition to not sell carloads
#
of coal to small consumers, but to throw their
Edward F. Smith has sold his coal business at
trade to the local dealers.
Wellman, la., to R. B. Hull.
#
The Butts Bros. Coal & Lumber Co.. of Wichita.
Kas., has sold its numerous yards in Southern
Kansas and Oklahoma to the Long-Bell Lumber
Co.
*
The coal firm of J. Bualnecht & Co., at Muskegon,
Mich., have changed their title and will do
C. Blythe has sold his coal business at Greenfield,
la., to Jesse Dorsey.
*
The White Oak Coal Co. has been incorporated
at Centerville, Ia.
business from now on as Bualnecht Bros.
ILLINOIS MINING LAW AMENDMENTS.
*
Secretary David Ross, of the Illinois bureau of
The Wheeler Grain & Coal Co., which was re­ labor statistics, sends out notice of the following
cently organized at Des Moines, Iowa, has increased
its capital stock to $30,000.
*
amendments to the state mining law, passed by
the legislature at its last session:
Section 23 was amended to read as follows:
Alfred J. Nagel, New Ulm, Minn., recently secured
the contract for supplying coal for that city
during the coming year.
"The means of signaling to and from the bottom
man, the top man and the engineer, shall consist
of a tube, or tubes, or wire encased in wood or
iron pipes, through which signals shall be com­
The Elmwood Lumber Co. has purchased the coal municated by electricity, compressed air or other
and lumber business of the L. R. Vakiner Lumber pneumatic devices, or ringing of a bell."
Co.. in Elmwood, Neb.
The purpose of this amendment, in addition to
*
authorizing- the use of a more improved method
The Gilmore Grain & Elevator Co.. Gilmore City. of signaling, is to provide for the protection and
Iowa, is erecting a coal shed at that point for the the encasing of the bell wire.
storage of coal.
Section 18 refers to the duties of the mine ex­
*
aminers: "In order to correctly determine the
The American Falls Coal & Lumber Co., of quantity of air in circulation in different portions
American Falls. Ida., has sold its business to the
of the mine, it is hereby made his duty to measure,
Weeter Lumber Co.
with an instrument for that purpose, the amount
of air passing in the last crosscut or breakthrough
J. H. Kenworthy & Co., Andover, S. D., recently
of each pair of entries, or in the last room of each
disposed of their coal and wood business to Wil­
division in a longwall mine, and at all other points
liams Bros.
where he deems it necessary, the same to be noted
*
in the daily book kept for that purpose."
The Burlington Fuel Co. has been incorporated
Section 18 prohibits the employment of boys
at Burlington, la., to do a wholesale and retail
under 16 years of age in the coal mines of this
business.
state.
Some changes were made in the mine inspection
A. L. Key & Co. have purchased the lumber and districts, but these do not affect coal operations
coal business of N. Gennette & Co., at Aurora, Kan. directly.

Dissension has broken out in the Black Diamond
Anthracite Coal Co. and certain stockholders
have formed a "protective committee" to oust
Terence V. Powderly and other officers of the corporation.
Verily the pathway of the labor agitator
never gets clear of the thorns he sows for
himself during the "active" portion of his career.
—o—
Like every other calamity that happens, Rojestvensky's
thrashing is finally laid at the door of
the "Coal Barons." The poor man ordered Cardiff
but the swindling dealers sent him New
Castle and as a result everything went to the bad.
—o—
That somebody has faith in the prospect for the
early improvement of the Ohio is made evident
by the formation of a conipany to operate on a
large scale a passenger steamer service covering
the entire length of the stream.
—o—
The striking teamsters in Chicago seem to have
worn their hammers down to the handle and their
whips to the stump.
—o—
The mining situation in Alabama has cleared
itself nicely and everybody seems satisfied. Time
cures all wounds.
New River Fuel Co., Macdonald, W. Va.; capital,
$1,000,000; incorporators, Phineas A. Sprague,
Maiden, Mass.; Samuel Dixon, Macdonald, W. Va.;
Joseph H. Gaines, W. G. Mathews, T. W. Adams,
Staige Darks and C. C. Watts, of Charleston, W.
Va.; Addison C. Burnham, of Newton Centre,
Mass.; Robert E. Goodwin, Concord, Mass.; George
Hawley, Winchester, Mass.; Arthur S. S. Clay, of
Newton Highlands, Mass.; William Robertson,
Jr., Maiden, Mass.; John P. Tincher and Theodore
M. Plimpton, of Boston, Mass., and W. Joseph
Tracey, of Gloucester, Mass.
Big Run Coal Co., Grafton, W. Va.; capital, $100,-
000; incorporators, W. F. Harvey, J. W. Mitter,
D. E. Brown, of Grafton, W. Va.; James H. Morton,
of Philadelphia, Pa., and Terrence V. Harvey,
of Independence, W. Va.
i
Consolidated Coal & Lumber Co., Logan, W. Va.;
capital, $500,000; incorporators, Jacob L. Hansman,
Frank L. West, Alexander S. Behrend, of
Cleveland, O.; Granville Neace, of Peck, and Naaman
Jackson, of Logan, W. Va.
1
Empire Coal & Mining Co., Guthrie, Okla., and
Decatur, 111.; capital, $50,000; incorporators, J.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
Maxon, Mattoon, 111.; W. S. Shaner, Marion, Ind.;
M. Maxon, of Decatur, 111.; H. W. Pentecost, Guthrie,
Okla.
Chieftain Coal Mining Co., Clarksburg, W. Va.;
capital, $1,000,000; incorporators, Charles J. VV.
Warnock, John A. Davis, E. Bryan Templeton, O.
E. Swartz, and Charles B. Sterling, all of Clarksburg.
— H —
Nichol Colliery Co., Glen Jean, W. Va.; capital.
$100,000; incorporators, C. W. Osenton, of Fayetteville;
Thomas Nichol, C. B. Lee and O. F. McCoy,
of Glen Jean, and W. H. Stephenson, of Kilsythe.
West Kentucky Coal Co., Trenton, N. J.; capital,
$3,000,000; incorporators, James T. Gardner.
New York; Howard Dutcher, Brooklyn, and Randolph
Rodman, of South Orange, N. J.
—+—
Windsor Mining Co., Wheeling, W. Va.; capital,
$100,000; incorporators, Joseph Spiedel, H. C.
Ulrich, H. F. Behrens, Jr., Jesse W. Spiedel and
A. F. Ulrich, all of Wheeling.
— I —
National Coal & Coke Co., Trenton, N. J.; capital,
$2,000,000; incorporators, H. W. Reeves, William
Bald and C. H. Struble, all of Jersey City.
— f —
Patoka Valley Coal & Coke Co., Huntingburg.
Ind.; capital. $200,000; incorporators, Charles R.
Prill, S. H. Wolfmann and H. L. Klein.
—I
United Mines Corporation, Newark, N. J.; capital,
$250,000; incorporators, William Esson, Edward
L. Suffern and Henry D. Manson.
—+—
Cornell Coal Co., Freeport, Pa.; capital, $30,000;
incorporators, T. G. Cornell, W. A. Iseman, M. W.
Cornell and C. A. Iseman, Freeport.
NATIONAL WATERWAYS CONVENTION.
The preliminary meeting for completing arrangements
for a national waterways convention
was held at Cincinnati June 28 and 29, all sections
of the country being well represented. The
Pittsburgh delegates to the meeting, all of whom
were in favor of holding the convention at Washington,
D. C, next October, were as follows:
Pittsburgh Coal Exchange, John F. Dravo, J.
Frank Tilley, Pittsburgh; Lake Erie & Ohio River
Ship Canal Association, E. J. Lloyd, J. W. Wardrop,
Pittsburgh; Merchants and Manufacturers
Association, Pittsburgh, John H. Jones, Thomas
M. Rees, Pittsburgh; Chamber of Commerce, Pittsburgh,
John Eaton, George H. Anderson, Pittsburgh;
Ohio Valley Improvement Association,
Captain W. B. Rodgers.

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
8 CONSTRUCTION and DEVELOPMENT. 8
The Southern Connellsville Coal & Coke Co. The has Woodward Iron Co. has put in place four
been organized at Connellsville, Pa., with a capi­ more Cameron simplex long stroke and one regutal
of $300,000. It is the intention of this comlar pattern pumps for use in unwatering its
pany to improve the old plant of the Riverside mines at Woodward, Ala. The Montevallo Coal
Coke Co., making it the largest independent cok­ Mining Co., at Aldrich, Ala., has installed another
ing operation in the region outside of the Rainey Cameron pipe pattern plunger station pump, and
interests. Three hundred additional ovens will (the La Follette Coal & Iron Co., La Follette, Tenn.,
be built shortly, and a crusher and washer in­ has also put in place one more regular Cameron
stalled. The officers of this concern are: Presi­ piston pump.
dent, W. C. Magee, of Pittsburgh; vice-president,
Harry Whyel, and secretary and treasurer, I. W.
Seamans. Whyel will be manager of the plant.
The Canadian Northern Railway Coal Co. is
preparing to erect a new tipple at its plant at
Fernie, B. C. The structure will be entirely of
steel, and the material will weigh over 800 tons.
It will be 30 feet wide, will extend across the
valley a distance of 900 feet, and will have a capacity
for 4,000 tons per day. It will be fitted
with all the latest tipple machinery, and when
complete will cost $170,000.
The United States Coal & Coke Co., a subsidiary
corporation of the United States Steel Corporation,
has awarded a contract for the building of 250
coke ovens at a cost of about $200,000. Some 170
bank coke ovens will be located at No. 8 works
and SO at No. 2 works, on the Tug river, in Mc­
Dowell county, West Virginia. These ovens are
to be completed by January 1, 1906.
A new mine is shortly to be opened at Roustwell
by the Somerset & Cambria Coal Co., of Connellsville.
The output at that point will be greatly
increased.
+
A large coal washery to include a coal wharf
with elevated pockets is being built at Schuylkill
Haven by the Schuylkill Coal Co., of Pottsville, Pa.
A modern washery will shortly be erected at
Hollywood, Pa., near Hazleton, work to be commenced
on the structure immediately.
It is announced that a coking plant of 500 ovens
is to be added to the works of the Buffalo & Rochester
Coal & Iron Co., at Ernst, Pa.
A new mine was recently opened at Conemaugh
by the Pennsylvania railroad. It is being developed
on a large scale.
The Forbes Coal Co., at Latrobe, Pa., is making
preparations for the development of its Unity
township coal field.
"We're watching your smoke." and "Why not
Save Coal." are the titles of the third and
fourth of the little educational booklets for
coal consumers, being issued by the Pittsburgh-
Buffalo Co., of Pittsburgh. They contain many
useful hints to the buyers of coal and also carry
a page or two of information regarding the company's
clay products.
*
The Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Co. is circulating a
brochure describing the air lift pump manufactured
by it. While well illustrated and containing
much useful information on the subject it
is practically only a supplment to the firm's catalogue
No. 73, "Lifting Water by Compressed Air."
*
The Jeffrey Manufacturing Co., of Columbus,
O.. is circulating a profusely illustrated catalogue
of the screens manufactured by it. A folder
accompanying the catalogue shows photo-engravings
of a number of recent installations of Jeffrey
machinery of various kinds.
There were in use on the railways of the United
States at the end of the last fiscal year for which
the Interstate Commerce Commission has complete
returns 596,963 coal cars, of an aggregate capacity
of 19,420,000 tons, or an average of 33 tons each.
To have moved in a single train the coal output
of 1904 would have required something like 10,-
640.000 cars, stretching over 80,600 miles. The
last ninety years' output of coal in the United
States would require 169,000,000 such cars, covering
a track 1,280,000 miles long.
A successful innovation in the way of caring for
injured employes has been made by the Lackawanna
Coal Co. It is in the form of a hospital
car, with a complete surgical equipment and a
physician and his assistant. It has gone the
rounds of the company's mines and it has been
demonstrated that it is practically an unqualified
success. Other anthracite companies are now
preparing to install hospital cars.

METHODS OF MINE VENTILATION; MINE
FANS, FURNACES, STEAM JETS AND
THEIR RELATIVE ADVANTAGES CON­
SIDERED.*
In A. L. Stevenson's translation of Daniel Murgue's
theory and practice of centrifugal ventilation
machines, we find, as far back as 1657, Agricola
in a very interesting work gives particulars
and drawings of a ventilator for mines driven by
water power. Also at the Hartz mines, nearly
200 years ago. a fan somewhat similar to the
Strove model was in operation. Mr. A. A. Atkinson
gives a brief description of this ponderous
machine in his Key to Mine Ventilation, page 103.
Following this report we find that a commission
appointed by the English House of Commons
to inquire into and investigate the advisability of
the various systems of mine ventilation, then in
vogue, depending upon machinery as the power,
reported as follows: "That any system of ventilation
depending upon complicated machinery is
undesirable, since any disarrangements or fracture
of any of its parts, the ventilation is stopped or
becomes insufficient. That the two systems
which alone can be considered as rival powers
are the furnace and steam jet. Your commission
are unanimously of the opinion that the steam jet
is the most powerful and at the same time least
expensive method for the ventilation of mines."
The fan at this time was in its experimental
stage and was not even considered worthy to be
called a rival to the more powerful steam jet,
either in point of
EFFICIENCY OR ECONOMY,
and must necessarily pass the keen criticism of
both friends and enemies, and pass from one stage
of development to another until it thoroughly
proves its superiority over all other modes of
ventilation.
In 1861 the centrifugal fan was first described
to the North of England Institute of Mining Engineers
by the late Mr. J. J. Atkinson in several
valuable papers on the subject, which clearly defined
its superiority as a mechanical ventilator
over every other system of mine ventilation.
Let us compare the different systems of mine
ventilation, the amount of coal consumed by the
steam jet and furnace as against the fan, per equal
quantities of air produced:
The steam jet would require 1,000 lbs. of coal.
The furnace, would require 350 lbs. of coal.
Open running fan would require 150 lbs. of coal.
Closed running fan, Guibal type, 120 lbs. of coal.
to produce equal qualities, and it is worthy of
note from that time until now the question as
to which fan is superior has been a source of
constant contention, every new inventor claiming
for his invention something much better than his
•By I. Q. Roby, of Uniontown, Pa.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
predecessor. A number of experiments have been
made with a view of determining the truth as to
the advantages one fan possesses over others.
The results of these experiments have varied and
the question to-day still remains unanswered as
to which ventilator is the best, under all conditions.
Now as a mining engineer or a mine manager,
taking all circumstances into account, what
make or style of fan should we adopt at our mine,
and why adopt such make or style of fan? In
bringing the subject up to this point, where we
must decide as to what size and make of fan we
will adopt, three points present themselves for our
consideration:
First, cost; second, durability; third, efficiency.
We will now discuss some of the principles involved
in both fan and furnace ventilation. The
motion of the air current is caused by a difference
of pressure between the two ends of a current,
or, it may be expressed, by a difference of pressure
between the inlet and the outlet. We find
the direction of floor from the higher to the lower
pressure. When the mode of ventilation at a
mine is a furnace the higher pressure is always
the normal atmospheric pressure and the lower
pressure is at the bottom of the furnace shaft.
The same may be said of the steam jet. The fan
at one time operated by any mechanical power
was not supposed to be even a rival.
As practical results have demonstrated the superiority
of the centrifugal fan over all other
forms or modes of ventilators, the steam jet, once
its superior, has fallen entirely into disuse in
Western Pennsylvania, as far as is known by the
writer. And the furnace is following rapidly in
the wake of the steam jet. Its future is foreshadowed
as not being of very long duration. We
no doubt will continue to find a furnace here and
there, especially at operations where there is no
steam used. When we consider the outlay, first
cost and maintenance of the furnace compared
with utility and efficiency, especially in shallow
workings, it is certainly
A VERY EXPENSIVE LUXURY.
The object of the furnace is to produce a motive
column by rarefying the air in the up-cast shaft.
We find the furnace adopted invariably in very
shallow mines where an efficient motive column
cannot be obtained, and where the fan would be
much more desirable and economical. Despite this
fact the furnace is yet in use, therefore, deem it
best to describe its construction.
In building a furnace it is important to so
construct it as to keep the excessive heat of the
fire from the coal on its flanks, and from the rock
above it. Above tne fire should be constructed
a double arch, as the under arch is subject to
constant variations of temperature. Ribs of

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
brick should be run between the inner and outer
arch to prevent collapse and to keep air space so
widely open that a current of air may freely pass
through it and keep the heat from the roof. The
importance of this arrangement is due to the
fact that where me roof stone contains water,
the crown arch is constantly buckling with the
pressure produced by steam and this causes the top
stone to break and fall. The furnace arch is
generally a semi-circle and the height from the
fire bars to the under surface of the arch is usually
one and one-fourth times the width of the
grate's surface. The dimensions of the furnace
are determined on the basis of the amount of
work it is intended to perform. The length of
the furnace bars should not exceed five feet, and
as this dimension is uniform for all furnaces, the
important dimension required for constructing
a furnace is its breadth. The area of the fire
grate's surface varies inversely as the square root
of the depth of the furnace shaft. Before the
width of a furnace can be determined the amount
of air necessary for the efficient ventilation of
the mine must be approximately known, and the
supposed water gauge must also be approximately
known. From these facts the horse-power of the
required furnace can be determined. The volume
multiplied by the pressure, divided by 33000
equals the horse power. We will now endeavor
to make clear that
THK QUANTITY VARIES
as the square root of the depth of the upcast shaft.
To compare the amount of the grate area per
horse power required, we will assume D. equals
depth of shaft. Thirty-four equals a constant
number, proven by many experiments. Now the
fire grate area per horse power in a shaft 50 feet
deep would be 4.8 square feet per horse power;
and for a shaft 600 feet deep would be 1.388
square feet per horse power, so if it was necessary
to circulate 100,000 cubic feet of air in a
shallow mine against one inch of water gauge
where the upcast shaft was 50 feet in depth, it
would require a grate area of 100,000 cubic feet,
multiplied by 5.2. Water gauge, 33,000 equals
15.76 horse power, and 15.76 multiplied by 4.8
square feet equals 75.8 feet total area; Proof:
Fifteen feet in width divided by 4.8 being the
number of square feet in a grate area per horse
power, and 5 feet being the length of the furnace.
Now to circulate 100,000 cubic feet of air in a
mine where the shaft is 600 feet deep, the width
of the grate would be 4.5 feet. From this calculation
we see the disadvantage of the furnace in
a shallow shaft, as against the advantages of a
furnace in a deeper shaft; in the problem solved
the width of the furnace would be as 1. is to 3.5
to circulate uie same quantity of air—which cer­
tainly proves that a furnace in deep workings is
false economy. Then again were we to use a
furnace in deep workings and the mine evolved
marsh gas, which is almost invariably the case,
it would then be necessary to supply the furnace
with fresh air directly from the down-cast, and
pass the return air into the up-cast by way of a
dumb drift to prevent the possibility of an explosion
by reason of the return air becoming
sufficiently charged with fire-damp to cause an
explosion, which might be true in a mine of any
great depth, at any time. Then again, the distance
from the furnace to a point in the up-cast
shaft where it would be safe for the return air to
enter the up-cast should not be less than 150 feet
and in some cases where bituminous coal is
burned safety is not secured until the junction
takes place at an elevation of 300 feet above the
furnace.
Returning again to the fan; as a mining engineer
or mine superintendent about to make a
selection of a mine fan, we feel very desirous to
secure the best fan that we can procure. To be
able to make a
PRACTICAL AND INTELLIGENT SELECTION
we must necessarily know something about the
principles involved in fan ventilation as well as
something of the design of the fan. Extract from
Mines and Minerals: We will first take up the
design of centrifugal fans for use as ventilators
and endeavor to explain some of the principles
that govern this subject, and soon find it beset
with many difficulties. What has been done in
this direction is the result of repeated trials and
many failures, perhaps due more to the conditions
under which machines of this class act, they
being so varied and often unsuspected, and often
this alone has resulted in much confusion. We
also find in calculating the efficiency of a ventilator
many influences are neglected, a few of
which we will enumerate. Chief among these
perhaps is the existence of a positive or negative
air column in connection with the circulating
current, whose influence has not been estimated.
Also temperature and pressure (barometrical) are
factors in all pneumatic calculations.
The absence of their notation has vitiated many
tabulated tests or results. No small amount of
error also arises from measuring the velocity
of an air current and reading the water gauge at
two distinctly separate points. The observations
of velocity pressure and temperature should always
be made at the same point in an airway. In
all scientific calculations air should be regarded
as a compressible fluid. The disregard of such
essential points as has just been mentioned often
results in a mass of contradictory conclusions by
investigators of known ability and repute. We

find the open running fans have been displaced
by the spiral casting. Disk and propeller blade
fans have
FALLEN LARGELY INTO DISUSE
where an efficient ventilator is required and a
current to be maintained against the resistance
of an airway. Blades normal to the outer circumference
and approaching tangency at the
throat circle are now extensively adopted. The
expansion of the spiral casing is made continuously
with the evase chimney of the fan drift
leading to the mine. The best designing practice
is supposed to be understood in regard to the
points before mentioned. There are other essential
features, however, equal to perfect design
that remain in dispute. Prominent among the
latter is the tapering width of the fan blade from
the throat circle towards the circumference, this
form of blade having appeared as a characteristic
feature of the Waddle and Schiele fan, its object
being to render the sectional area or area of passage
in the fan uniform from the throat to the
circumference. Another feature in dispute having
many adherents and equally as many opponents
is the special form of fan blade too common
in many types of ventilating fans, the blades
being generally curved backwards from the direc
tion of motion. The work of designing an air
motor required insight and great study on the
part of the designer. This is due to the fact that
the work of the motor is stored work. It cannot,
as many suppose, be compared with the simple
interchange of mechanical pressures that we have
in the pump. We are not able to determine the
number of expansions as in the steam engine due
to the volumetric cut-off by valves as some writers
have likened the action of the centrifugal fan to
that of a pump. We also notice as in the splitting,
or any change in the area of the conduit, a
large quantity of air is circulated by the same
power. The equivalent orifice (0) of the fan
will vary and the above factor is therefore not
constant. This limits the application of a formula
to cases of comparing the yield of a fan,
run at several different speeds, while discharging
into an airway, having a constant area, (A) or
exhausting from the same; or, we may compare
the yield at a uniform rate of speed by lengthening
the airway, or in effect by obstructing the
flow; but we find that in all cases where a change
of conditions in the flow results from any other
cause without a corresponding change in the
power, a new value for the orifice must be obtained.
For instance, the results of certain fan
tests do not fulfill anticipations, or there seems
to be disparity arising as the anxious observer
explains from certain unfavorable conditions in
the airway or in the motor itself. This may
cause all the trouble or it may have very little
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. ID
effect upon the results obtained, but the embarrassment
of the situation is relieved, though nothing
has been proven. Daniel Murgue explains the
lack of conformity of results obtained in thin
veins in the use of his own method by the effect of
lowering the shutter, the change of the impact of
the air as it enters the blades and the want of
the full flow between the vanes. These causes
operating might be the real cause of the disparity.
The depletion increasing with the pressure, thereby
becoming more manifest in dealing with thin
veins, than larger seams. It will now be noticed
that we reckon the efficiency of the motor as the
ratio between its effective work and its theoretical
calculated work. In this we make no
reference, as is often done, to the indicated power
of the engine driving the ventilator.
THE ENGINE HAS AN EFFICIENCY
of its own that must not be confounded with
that of the ventilator. The mechanical efficiency
of the engine increases with its speed while that
of the fan follows a different law, decreasing as
the speed increases. We sometimes find wellbuilt
and well-designed fans that manifest weakness
in the shaft, either the diameter being too
small or the distance between the bearings being
too great or a settlement of the foundation of
one of the bearings may cause trouble. We have
knowledge of 6 to 10-inch steel shafts of fans
being snapped asunder while working against a
comparatively light horse power, which may be
due to the settlement of the foundation commonly
occurring in the vicinity of a mine shaft, or again.
it may be due to failure to heat the ingots to the
proper temperature while forging the shaft.
(TO BE CONTINUED.)
Mine Accidents in New Zealand.
The report of the Mines Department of New
Zealand for the year 1903 gives the number of
deaths by accident in coal mines during the year
as 4, or 1.40 per thousand employes. The death
rate was 1.151 per thousand in gold alluvial workings
and 2.50 in gold quartz mines. The number
of coal mines employed was 2,852 and the number
of miners in all lines was 13,062. The number
of accidents showed a considerable increase over
the years 1902 and 1901. This was due to the
employment of an increased number of men, some
of them necessarily unfamiliar with mining conditions
and regulations.
It was announced at Swansea, Wales, recently
that representatives of 24 anthracite collieries had
definitely decided to open negotiations with other
owners to form an anthracite combination with a
capital of $10,000,000.

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
FROM THE MINER'S POINT OF VIEW.
A recent issue of the United Mine Workers'
Journal contained the following editorial:
"The Pittsburgh Coal Co.'s Relief Association is
going on in undiminished splendor in its work of
mercy. Its latest report shows that it has paid
up to April 30, 1905, the sum of $2112,770.62, and
Ihal ils pension fund had risen to $35,410.44, of
which (he company paid $14,945.95. It is an abuse
of terms to call Hiis charity. It is a beneficent
work instituted by the company's officials who
look after its affairs without pay. It is impossible
to overstate tlie benefits of this scheme to the company's
employes. It removes them from the
grasp of the cold world in their hours of sickness
and deaht. In this connection compare this noble
work of Messrs. Robbins, Hornberger and Mc­
Donald with that otlier trinity, Parry, Post and
Job. and see how ineffably mean, how hollow the
platitudes, how pitiably small the latter appear
when contrasted with them. The officials of that
giant corporation loom above them like Mt. Hood
does above a hen coop in all that goes to distinguish
a good man from a mean one. Consider the
good that vast sum has done to the hurt and the
bereaved families of the dead bread winners. The
names of these men—Robbins, Hornberger and
McDonald—deserve to be remembered with respect
and esteem whenever Toil draws upon its memory."
Hocking Consolidation Nearly Completed.
All but the details are arranged for the organization
of the company which will be the second
largest producer of bituminous coal in the world,
the Pittsburgh Coal Co. being the first. It is
announced that all the stock of the Kanawha &
Hocking Coal & Coke Co. and the Continental Coal
Co. has been deposited with J. P. Morgan & Co.,
FOR. SALE.
Five hundred acres South Connellsville cok­
ing coal for sale; vein dy2 feet thick, 212 feet
deep. Two railroads through the tract and sur­
rounded by 5.000 ovens in operation; 500 within
one hundred yards of this coal. Six shafts on
Analysis i
Moisture,
Volatile
Mailer
Fixed Car
bon,
Ash,
Sulphur,
1 Coal
.32
3.!.08
57.17
9.13
.18
three sides within one quarter mile;
two shafts less than 200 feet from
this coal. One-half mile frontage on
Monongahela river. A fine grade
of coking coal. Inquire of
A. R. STRUBLE,
Masontown, Fayette, Co., Pa.
and as soon as the details can be worked out these
(wo companies will be consolidated with the Sunday
Creek Coal Co. Later, arrangements will be
made to take over the St. Paul & Western Coal Co.,
of Duluth. and the Boston Coal & Dock Co., of
Duluth. The new company will control 90,000
acres of coal lands, wharves and docks, and its
own railroad cars. The capital stock will be
$40,000,000.
Gala Week At Winona Lake—Pennsylvania Lines
Excursion to Grand Celebration.
These are especially attractive days at Winona
Lake, the resort beautiful, in northern Indiana.
Concerts by the Roberts Park Choral Society of
75 voices, by Miss Jessie Jay, the famous violinist,
and Mary Howe, the renowned soloist, this week
are to be followed by a grand series of entertainments
beginning July 1st, and culminating in a
notable celebration of Independence Day in conjunction
with the citizens of Warsaw.
Governor J. Frank Hanly, of Indiana, will preside
over the Decennial Exercises on July 3d. He
will be at Winona Lake the greater part of the
week. The fine program includes entertainment
by Opie Reed and Charles Eugene Banks. Hon.
Union B. Hunt, president Indiana Railway Commission,
will be chairman. James E. Watson will
be orator of the day. Music will be furnished by
the Rogers Concert Band.
A feature of special interest will be the Grand
State Atnletic Tournament on the extensive athletic
fields and recreation grounds for which
Winona is noted.
Admission will be free to Winona Lake Park
on July 4th. Low-fare excursion tickets are on
sale daily over Pennsylvania Lines, which run
direct to the park entrance. For particulars consult
J. K. Dillon. District Passenger Agent, 515
Park Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.
FOR. SALE.
A-l condition, 60,000 lbs. capacity HOPPER
BOTTOM GONDOLA CARS. We had 1,500 of these;
have just sold 256, which have passed Hunt's
Inspection; balance for sale at low price; equipped
with Westinghouse Air Brakes; built according
to P. R. R. Standard Specifications; will stand
most rigid inspection.
If not as represented, will pay Inspector's expenses.
Also have 18 practically new 80,000 lb. capacity
HOPPER BOTTOM COAL CARS. Wire us for prices.
A. V. KAISER & CO.,
222 so. Third Street, Philauelphia.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
^ . ^ . - ^ S j - r g ^ ^ ^
RtMbRANDT PEALE, PRESII NT - -JNO. W. PEALE, GEN-L MANAGER.
J. H. LUMLEY, TREASURER.
No. J BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N. Y.
M
"im miiiimnii
PEALE, PEICQCI k IEII.
m
* «<
c
GOAL*
W
t
• » > >
W. S. WALLACE. SECRETARY. E. E. WALLING, GEN-L SALES AGENT.
NORTH AMERICAN BUILDING,
PHILADELPHIA, PENNA.
te
tra

52
JAMES KERR, PRESIDENT
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
A. E. PATTON, TREASURER
>eec \) V^reek v^oal o ^oke v^o.
No. 17 BATTERY PLACE, NEW YORK CITY,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
PARDEE, PATTON. AND ARCADIA GOALS.
OWNERS OF
Port Liberty Docks in New York Harbor.
Orders For Coal Should Be Forwarded To The
BEECH CREEK COAL & COKE CO., - - 17 BATTERY PLACE, NEV YORK CITY.
ALTOONA COAL & COKE CO.
MINEHS ANr> SHIPPERS OH"
CELEBRATE]^ DELANEY COAL,
ANT")
HORSESHOE COAL,
(1MII.I,KR VEIN.)
UNSURPASSED FOR ROLLING MILL USE. : : : : : A SUPERIOR SMITHING COAL.
MANUFACTURERS OF COKE.
ALTOONA, PA.
r j CHESTER D. SENSENICH, PRES.
IRWIN FOUNDRY & MINE CAR COMPANY,
I
IRWIN, PA.
-MANUFACTURERS OF-
5 Mine Cars and Mine Car Irons, Mine Car Wheels and 5

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
©16 Colony Coal & Coke Co.
1ke\>stone BuilMno, flMttsburgb, pa.
loonier Steam Coal
ZllMnes =
(ifiounMUe (Bas Coal
Conndlevilk Cofee.
f Xigonier, pa., p. IR. IR.
I fl&ounosvMlle, TO. Da., JB. 8. ©. IR. IR.
PURITAN COAL MINING CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
PURITAN AND CRESCENT
BITUMINOUS COALS.
Q)
STINEMAN COAL MINING COMPANY,
SOUTH FORK COALS.
No. 1 Broadway,
NEW YORK.
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
FAMOUj
TT
SOUTH FORK, / « ARGYLE" PENNSYLVANIA.
v^
SMOKELESS
C O r* A V

04 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
(INCORPORATED.)
LARGEST INDEPENDENT MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF STRICTLY
PITTSBURGH
THIN-VEIN PAN-HANDLE
COAL.
COMBINED DAILY CAPACITY 4000 TONS.
SHIPMENTS ARE MADE VIA PENNSYLVANIA LINES, P. i^L.BE., ERIE, L. S. 4. M. S„
AND ALL CONNECTIONS.
GENERAL OFFICES, CARNEGIE, PA.
IA
BELL PHONE NO., CARNEGIE 70.
LUHRIG
COAL
MINED ONLY BY
THE LUHRIG COAL CO
MINES LARGE. NO SLACK. NO SLATE. NO CLINKER.
FOURTH BURNS AND TO A PLUM WHITE STREETS,
ASH.
LONG DISTANCE PHONE
MAIN 3094.
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
*J

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
J. L. SPANGLER, JOS. H. REILLY, -IOS. B. CAMPBELL, |
PRESIDENT. V. PREST, At TREAS. SECRETARY.
Duncan=Spangler Coal Company,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
"BLUBAKER" and "DELTA"
BITUMINOUS COAL,
AN A-NO. 1 ROLLING MILL COAL.
FIRST-CLASS FOR STEAM USES.
e- OFFICES:
1414 SO. PENN SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA. No. 1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK
[— SPANGLER, CAMBRIA COUNTY, PA.
ft
rA
ACME COAL MINING CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
CELEBRATED
ACME AND AVONDALE
HIGH GRADE
STEAM COALS.
MINES:
SLIGO BRANCH B. & A. V. DIVISION OF P. E. R.
GENERAL OFFICES : GREENSBURG, PA.
L/a misj

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
t0M»0Mh0±*m*m*m*^Am*0*h0*t
- — • - — •- — * - — ^ - ^ * ^ » ^ » ^ » ^ ^
Atlantic Crushed Coke Co.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
LATROBE STEAM COAL
GEN ERAL OFFICES
ii»»l»»»i»u
CONNELLSVILLE
FURNACE
FOUNDRY
CRUSHED
COKE.
i»nw»Wf »•»»»»»»
- GREENSBURG, PA.
LIGONIER COAL COMPANY, |
LATROBE, PA. J
HIGH (JRADE^STEAM QDRL
e©NNELLSYILLE e©KE. I
United Coal Company
^f of Pittsburgh-Penna *
MINES ON MONONGAHELA RIVER, SECOND POOL; PITTSBURGH & LAKE ERIE
RAILROAD; BALTIMORE & OHIO RAILROAD AND PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD.
BanK For Savings Building,
General Offices:
New York Office . PITTSBURGH, PA. Philadelphia Office :
Whitehall Building. Pennsylvania Building.
Westmoreland Gas Coal
Youghiogheny Gas &SteamCoal

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
*8iaiintllTllftlTflinitlTliniTIITinfinTIITTtlTIIIITTTIITTf1IWTIITTTTITTtnilfTIITlTT11tWTIfTIIITt1IIWfllTTTTITtTTIT>fTIIIHTI1HTfl1ITTTIWItTT^ITfTTIWIfTTTt!lftfTTIIftTTTI1IITIfllffTTTI1lllfTI1TTTtT1^fc.
= GEORGE /. WHITNEY. PRESIDENT. A. C. KNOX. TREASURER. =
HOSTETTER CONNELLSVILLE COKE COMPANY
HIGHEST GRADE
CONNELLSVILLE COKE
FURNACE AND FOUNDRY ORDERS SOLICITED.
FricK Building',
I BELU TELEPHONE. 696 COURT. '^^^—— "I * JlOlS \J Kti *1» "A..
biuuuuuuuiuiiiumiiui^
APOLLO COAL CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
APOLLO HIGH GRADE STEAM COAL
AND
JOHNSTOWN MILLER VEIN
COAL.
GENERAL OFFICES: GREENS BURG, PA.
J. P. MURPHY, President. W. L. DIXON, Vice-President and General Manager. JAS. J. FLANNERY, Treasurer.
MEADOW LANDS COAL GO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
PITTSBURGH COAL.
Mines at Meadow Lands,
On the Panhandle Railway.
DAILY CAPACITY 1,000 TONS.
GENERAL OFFICES:
Farmers Bank Bldg., 5th Ave. & Wood St.,
PITTSBURGH. PA.

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
EMPIRE COAL MINING CO
BELLAIRE, OHIO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
Famous Empire No. 8 Coal.
CAPACITY 3,000 TONS DAILY.
MINES LOCATED ON
C. & P. R. R., B. & O. R. R. AND OHIO RIVER.
COMMUNICATIONS SHOULD BE SENT TO J. H. SANFORD, MANAGER, BELLAIRE, OHIO.
" V>
Greenwich Coal & Coke Co.,
Mines: CAMBRIA AND INDIANA COUNTIES.
Miners and Shippers of
"Greenwich"
Bituminous Coal.
Celebrated for
STEAM AND BI-PRODUCT PURPOSES.
.S"2
GENERAL OFFICE:
Latrobe, Penna.

Xohe
GOAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Vol. XIII. PITTSBUBGH, PA., JULY 15, 1905. No. 4.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN;
PUBLISHED TWICE A MONTH.
Copyrighted by THE COAL TRADE COMPANY, IUUO.
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STBAUB, Managing Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION, - - - - $2.00 A YEAR.
ward for both employer and employe is the aban­
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
donment of the restriction of output. It wculd
All communications and remittances to
THK COAL TRADE COMPANY.
926-930 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA.
Long Distance Telephone 200 Grant.
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh, I'a., as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
THE ANTHRACITE MINE WORKERS have decided to
invite all the anthracite operators to hear the ad­
dress which President Roosevelt is to make at
Wilkesbarre, Pa., August 10. Considerable short­
sightedness was displayed in another direction,
however. A number of military and secret socie­
ties asked permission to take part in the parade
in honor of the nation's chief executive, but were
refused. The occasion is the convention of the
Catholic Total Abstinence Union. John Mitchell
is to preside at the meeting and Cardinal Gibbons,
Archbishop Ireland and Bishop Hoban are to speak.
The miners, who are in the majority among the
members of the union, have determined to keep
out all not connected with either the C. T. A. LL
or the United Mine Workers. The mild fallacy
of this policy may be realized the next time
the hard coal miners have occasion to make an
appeal for public sympathy.
* * *
THE .SETTLEMENT of the iron and steel scales
for the ensuing year adds something to the bright­
ness of the outlook for business in general and the
coal trade in particular. While there never was
a likelihood that there would be serious labor
trouble in the iron and steel trade, the signing of
the scales places the situation on a "bird-in-hand"
basis that gives absolute security. A feature of
the agreements which marks a distinct step for­
have been better for the cause of labor had this
tenet of the dark days been given up a quarter
of a century ago. It seems almost incredible that
anyone living in the twentieth century could be
so benighted as to hold out for such a demand, yet
it is a fact that the labor leaders and the trade
journals devoted to the interests of iron and steel
workers found it advisable and necessary to put
forth their most earnest efforts to secure the
eradication of a restriction clause in the amalga­
mated scale.
* * *
THE HUSTLE AND ACTIVITY being displayed by the
business men of various Western Pennsylvania
and Eastern Ohio towns in the interest of the
Lake Erie and Ohio ship canal illustrates the
progress being made by men and ideas. When
the ship canal project was up for discussion a
decade ago the only real activity manifested was
by the newspapers. The proposed undertaking
made a fair subject for gossip, but the general
public, which ought to have been vitally inter­
ested, did not, outside of Pittsburgh at least, make
the slightest practical move. What a difference
now! Almost every town of 1,000 or more within
hailing distance of the possible canal zone has
taken substantial and definite action on the re­
vived project. Money and material assistance
is being pledged on all sides. Towns which are

2.S THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
not certain to be on the route are organizing com­
mittees and raising large sums to influence those
back of the movement. Subscriptions aggregat­
ing a million of dollars were obtained in a day.
What was recently regarded as visionary and im­
practicable is now recognized as a necessity. One
of the most hopeful signs of the times is the ten­
dency to consider and build for the future. The
development of this tendency means ultimately
assurance of American supremacy throughout the
world. The spirit of industry has awakened the
country. The realization has come to those at
the head of great affairs that there is neither
safety nor profit in merely meeting the needs of
the moment. Each generation leaves a material
debt to posterity and owes it a moral one. The
present generation is paving the way to balance
the account. The completion by it of projects
like the ship canal will give its successor oppor­
tunities and advantages which it did not enjoy,
but which it is nevertheless its duty to provide
for the future.
* * *
WHATEVER THE RESULT, the situation in Illinois
is not without its lesson. The day the shot firers'
law went into effect 45,000 men laid down their
tools. In that point lies the importance of the
matter. The time lost by these men amounts to
more in money than the wages of the shot firers
will amount to in ten years. What is lost is gone
for good. No difference what the arbitrators de­
cide it could not restore the loss. Somebody else
will profit to a certain extent and consumers of
coal will not suffer. The coal business on the
whole is perhaps benefited, but the trade neither
expects nor desires to be benefited in one part at
the expense of another. The cost should be
counted and well considered before disputes which
are bound to result in loss are entered into.
The men detailed to act as bakers at an almshouse,
near Jersey City, elected a walking delegate,
who notified the county board that his fellows
would not knead the almshouse dough until
their names were put on the pay roll with the attendants
and other employes. The committee
informed the strikers that they would be put to
work in the quarries if they did not return to
work in the bake shop, and the trouble came to an
end instanter.
COAL PRODUCTION IN KENTUCKY IN 1904, AS
SHOWN BY THE REPORT OF CHIEF
MINE INSPECTOR NORWOOD.
Following is a summary of the statistics prepared
by C. J. Norwood, chief inspector of mines,
relating to the production of commercial coal by
the Kentucky mines during the year 1904, fur-'
nished in advance of the publication of the report
of the inspector, which is to be issued within a
short time. The total production of all coal
workings, including small country and "family"
banks as well as the commercial mines, as reported
by the United States geographical survey,
amounted to 7.559,940 short tons. The state mine
inspector, however, deals only with the commercial
mines. According to the monthly returns
made to the mine inspector's office, the production
of commercial coal amounted to 7,167,324 short
tons, in which are included 68,400 tons of cannel
coal.
The following table shows the tons produced
by each of the three mining districts, together
with the disposition of the product:
Sold Csed at
District Loca'lv .Mine Coked Shipped
Western 165,657 114,576 86,2SS 3,375,043
Southeast ....30,983 41,621 10,369 2,348,152
Northeast 4,366 6,226 39,316 564,727
Totals 201,006 162,423 135,973 6,667,923
Compared with the output for 1903 (7,198,251),
the figures for 1904 show a net decrease of 30,927
tons. Had the source of production been only
the mines that were operating in 1903, the net
loss would have been much greater. The loss
was kept down by contributions from 15 new
mines.
The decrease in the Northeastern district was
due in part to strikes in Boyd, Carter and Lee
counties, but also in part to the strong competition
in the home markets from West Virginia
mines, the interests of which are understood to
be fostered by the C. & O. railroad. In the Western
district the loss was chiefly due to the less
favorable market conditions than existed in 1903.
A decrease in the demand for coke also affected
the output.
The home consumption of the coal mined
amounted to 55.26 per cent, of the output (i. e.,
3,951,151 tons), 3,216,173 tons having been shipped
to points outside the state.
The total selling value of the commercial product
(bituminous and cannel) amounted to $7,-
122,563, giving an average of 99.37 cents per ton.
The average value of the bituminous alone was
98.51 cents per ton. The selling value of cannel
varied considerably, according to quality and markets
served. The average was about $2.03. Compared
with prices obtained in 1903, the figures for

1904, with respect both to bituminous and to
cannel, show losses.
With respect to the percentage of the total output
that is mined by machine, Kentucky continues
to be one of the leading machine-mining
states. More than one-half of the output was
produced by machine. The amount of coal so
mined in each district, together with the percentage
relation of the machine-mined coal to the
total product, was as follows:
Tons Pc. Product.
Mined by Machinery.
Western 2,791,880 67.73
Southeastern 851,029 35.00
Northeastern 125,274 20.30
Coal is mined by machines in fourteen of the
twenty-six counties producing commercial coal.
Hopkins county stands first with respect to the
relation its machine-mined tonnage bears to the
total tonnage of machine coal. Its machinemined
tonnage amounted to 39.58 per cent, of the
total tonnage so mined in the state. Muhlenberg
comes next with 13.09 per cent., followed by Ohio
with 12.29 per cent., Knox with 11.12 per cent.,
Whitney with 4.57 per cent., and so on down to
Breathitt and Henderson, whose respective machine-mined
tonnage amounted to 0.85 and 0.52
per cent, of the total.
There was quite a drop in the production of
coke, the amount for 1904 being 62,722 tons, as
against 119,598 tons in 1903. The output by companies
was as follows:
Tons of
Coke. Cl Used.
Ohio Valley C. & M. Co 3,647 7,278
St. Bernard M. Co 35,866 79,060
Ashland I. & M. Co 17,980 39,316
National C. & I. Co 3,628 7,167
Pineville Coal Co 1,601 3,202
Total 62,722 136,023
The output for 1904 was produced by 141 companies,
operating 172 mines, and employing 13,-
906 persons, of whom 10,991 worked underground.
The average number of ten-hour days worked in
each district was as follows: The Western, 174;
the Southeastern, 184; the Northeastern, 173. The
number of hours constituting a working day
varies, in practice, with circumstances: at mines
working under "union" agreements it is eight or
nine; at others it is usually ten. In the inspector's
statistics the ten-hour day is used for
the sake of uniformity.
In the production of the coal, twenty lives were
lost, fourteen of them underground. For each
fatal accident underground, 511,951 tons of coal
were raised. The amount produced per fatality
inside and outside was 358,366 tons. One life
was lost underground for each 785 persons em­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 20
ployed inside. In the tonnage of coal raised per
fatal accident Kentucky still stands in the front.
The tonnage raised in Ohio per fatal accident in
1904 was 174,598.
The following is the production by counties:
County. Short tons.
Butler 8,229
Crittenden 291
Christian 91,943
Daviess 24,467
Hancock 43,1 !»2
Henderson 12S312
Ho P k ins 1,724,098
McLean 95,731
Muhlenberg 903,205
°hio 509,040
Union 452 414
Webster 240,643
Bell 514,576
Knox 584.095
Laurel 319,932
Pulaski 170.393
Rockcastle 106,482
Whitley 735,646
Boyd 94,506
Breathitt 30,731
Carter 234,421
Johnson 26,229
Lawrence 67,709
Lee 54.800
Morgan 59,509
Pike 46,730
Total ." 7.167,324
MINING INSTITUTE MEETING.
The summer meeting of the Western Pennsylvania
Central Mining Institute will be held at the
court house at Pittsburgh next Tuesday and Wednesday
July 18 and 19. The summer meeting of
the institute was omitted last year owing to the
fact that many of the members attended the
World's fair at St. Louis, Mo. At this year's meeting
a series of short talks on mining methods and
experiences will take the place of the usual papers
and the affair in general will partake largely of
the nature of an outing and reunion of the members.
The following is the program:
Tuesday morning, 9:30 o'clock: President's address,
by Fred. C. Keighley, Uniontown, Pa. Business
matters of the institute.
Tuesday afternoon, experience meeting—short
talks on experiences of the first six months of
1905, by various members of the institute.
Wednesday morning, trips by street cars to
points of interest about the city.
Wednesday afternoon, continuation of street car
trips.

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
MINERS CENSURE THE LEGISLATURE.
At a recent meeting of the executive board of
sub-district No. 1 of district No. 2. of the United
Mine Workers of Pennsylvania, the following resolution
was passed:
WHEREAS, the late legislature of Pennsylvania
refused to enact legislation along the lines demanded
by organized labor for the relief of the
working classes, thereby continuing conditions that
are a disgrace to civilization and humanity, insulting
the intelligence of the workers and endorsing
the position of the unfair and unscrupulous
employers of labor to the disadvantage of those
who would be fair as well as the workers; therefore
be it
Resolved, that we in common with the representatives
of other organized bodies, condemn the
action of said legislature for such action; and,
further, be it
Resolved, that we recognize the fact that politi­
cal action by the workers is a necessity, and we
recommend that labor candidates be placed in
the field and supported by the laboring classes to
the end that we may get laws enacted that will be
of benefit to us as workers.
David Irvine, president; James Vallery, vicepresident;
J. W. Marsden, secretary-treasurer;
Mike Flynn, John E. Jones, Terrence McDermott,
Joseph McCoy. Samuel Mitchell, John Farrel, board
members.
THE HALF YEAR'S COKE PRODUCTION.
The first half of 1905 broke all previous records
in coke. In round numbers more man 7,000,000
tons of the silvery fuel were manufactured in
the Connellsville and Lower Connellsville regions.
The total for the year is expected to be well over
14,000,000 tons. In the history of the trade tonnage
never reached such an enormous total. The
weekly average for the Connellsville region during
the first six months of this year was 250,000
tons, or over 1,000,000 tons a month. Shipments
have been correspondingly large. For n^any
weeks they averaged over 14,000 cars a week. In
recent weeks they have fallen off owing to the
summer dullness, but the average is sustained by
excessive shipments in the earlier months of the
year.
Production in the second half of 1905 will not
fall much short of the total for the first six
months. In July and August estimated tonnage
will fall short, but September, October, November
and December are always big months. Just as
soon as the heated period is over furnaces will
blow in and demand for coke will increase accordingly.
Another feature of the fall production will
be the fact that a number of new ovens aggregat­
ing upwards of 1,500 ovens will be fired and making
coke. A year hence it is expected that the
tonnage of the Connellsville region alone will be
275,000 tons a week while the production in the
Lower Connellsville region by that time will reach
almost 100,000 tons weekly. Works are under
construction and planned in that district now
which will add at least 1.000 ovens to the total
now in the producing column.
JUNE OUTPUT OF ANTHRACITE.
The production of anthracite in June was 5,-
844,052 tons, against 5,728,795 tons in June, 1904,
an increase of 115,257 tons. The total anthracite
production for the half year ended June 30
was 30,716,997 tons, against 29,257,207 tons during
the corresponding period of 1904, an increase of
1,459,790 tons. The anthracite coal tonnage by
the different railroads for the month of June was
as follows:
1905. 1904.
Philadelphia & Reading 1,161,603 1,131,896
Lehigh Valley 986,461 916,306
Jersey Central 700,917 728,185
Del., Lack. & Western 888,273 893,061
Delaware & Hudson 537,450 518,127
Pennsylvania R. R 460,926 473,948
Erie 701,943 682,497
N. Y., O. & W 271,841 250,699
D. S. & S 140,638 134,076
Totals 5,844,052 5,728,795
ILLINOIS MINES REDISTRICTED.
The Illinois state board of labor statistics at a
meeting held at Springfield, June 27, re-districted
the state in mine inspection districts, under the
new law, providing for ten districts instead of
seven. The new districts are composed of the
following counties:
First district—Grundy, Kankakee, LaSalle, Will.
Second district—Bureau, Henry, Knox, Mercer,
Rock Island, Warren.
Third district—Livingstone, Marshall, Peoria,
Putnam, Stark, Woodford.
Fourth district—Fulton, Hancock, McDonough.
McLean, Tazewell.
Fifth district—Edgar, Macon, Vermillion.
Sixth district—Brown, Cass, Logan, Menard,
Sangamon, Schuyler.
Seventh district—Calhoun, Christian, Green, Jersey,
Macoupin, Montgomery, Morgan, Scott, Shelby.
Eighth district—Bond, Madison, St. Clair.
Ninth district—Clinton, Franklin, Hamilton, Jefferson,
Marion, Perry, Randolph, Washington.
Tenth district—Gallatin, Jackson, Johnston, Saline,
Williamson.

SOME NEW IDEAS ON SHOT FIRING.
The following letter, written by A. L. Hayden,
of Weir City, Kan., to the commission which recently
made an investigation of coal mine accidents
in that state, contains some new ideas and
suggestions on shot firing which seem to be worth
consideration:
"I am a firm believer in the value of a daily and
thorough wetting of all dry mines. The tendency
of this to lessen the danger of explosion, by getting
rid of the inflammable coal dust, will probably
be admitted by all. I also believe that tbe
great majority of explosions in the Kansas district
are caused by rapid firing of shots—filling tho
mine with smoke and coal dust, thereby creating
just the right conditions for a 'windy shot' to
touch everything off. I believe firmly that slow
firing and a good, strong circulation of air would
materially lessen the danger, though admitting
readily that there have been a few explosions
which cannot be charged to rapid firing. The
value of slow firing will probably be admitted by
all (except the shot firers, who want to earn a
big day's wages in one or two hours' time). I am
aware that I belong to the minority side in- advocating
a strong circulation of air, and mention
the matter from no desire to argue the question,
but because of its bearing on the second suggestion
I shall make.
"My first suggestion is caused by the fact that in
our recent explosions several men met
DEATH WHOLLY FROM SUFFOCATIO V,
being neither mangled nor burned. The firemen
of New York and other large cities are now equipped
with means for carrying with the;u s supply
of fresh air, compressed, so that they can enter a
building filled with smoke without danger of suffocation.
If these shot firers had been equipped on
the same principle, but with a modified appliance,
they would have walked out unhurt after the explosion.
A pocket electric bulb, as part of the
equipment, would furnish the light, if wanted,
though any miner could make his way to the bottom
in the dark. Such an equipment would be
something of a nuisance to carry, yet uot cumbersome.
The cost to the operator would be small,
and there should be enough extra equipments to
fit out a rescue party.
"My second suggestion, however, is to do away
with shot firers altogether, eliminating all loss cf
life, and, I believe, 99 per cent, of all explosions.
This can be accomplished through firing from the
top by electricity. There is no question as to
the physical possibility of it—it is simply and
solely a question of expense. At first glance it
would seem, in view of the purchase and maintenance
of the miles of insulated wire required, that
this would be prohibitive; but, while admitting
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
that I have not yet gathered the data nor made
the estimates necessary to furnish a basis for a
positive statement, I am of the opinion that the
expense will not exceed the cost of the present
system of shot firing. Take the case, for example,
of a mine employing two shot firers and a night
watch. The shot firers, at $2.83 per day each,
would be
REPLACED HY ONE DAY-MAN
to look after the wiring at a cost of $2.42, leaving
$3.24 per day to reimburse the operator for the
cost of wire. The miner to-day furnishes nis
own fuse. He should pay for the wire used daily
in his shots, either in whole or in part—a detail
to be settled by agreement between the operators
and miners. If he paid for it in whole, the operator
would have to pay for the wires from the
top to the mouth of the room. The sum saved on
shot firing in a new mine would be much in excess
of the daily cost of wire; but this cost would
continually grow greater as the mine developed—
just as the hauling cost does. The average would
probably make the cost about the same as the
present system of shot firing; but even if it were
greater, the cost would adjust itself in the price
of coal, just as the shot firer's wages did.
"When it comes to firing the shots, the nightwatch
would do it and no extra man would be
needed; and in the time which could be consumed
in firing would lie the operator's greatest safety
to property. Shots could be fired just so many
minutes apart, and in different parts of the mine,
so that there need never be an accumulation of
smoke and dust to provide the conditions for an
explosion. In a large and dangerous mine the
firing could be extended over 12 hours' time, if
deemed advisable; the operator could determine
the time, as there would be nothing at stake, except
his property. With 350 men in the mine,
and an average of two shots to the man, there
could be
A FULL MINUTE BETWEEN
every shot; and by firing shots first in one entry
and then in another there could be 10 or 15
minutes between shots on any one entry—time
enough for a good strong air current to carry
away all smoke and dust from the previous shot.
A man could have three or four shots in his place,
if wanted, and they could be fired an hour or two
apart—long enough to eliminate all danger (from
explosion) in the deadest part of a mine, provided
the fan is speeded instead of slowed, as is generally
done now.
"There seems no way under the present system
to make shot firers take the time necessary
for safety in their work. If they hurry through
it, well knowing the lives are at stake, it is useless
to talk of any other penalty. But with electric

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
firing, and one man to do it, the operator could
take all the time he deemed necessary for the
work. A clockwork record could lie easily attached
to the keyboard, showing not only the
exact time between shots, but also the exact time
each individual shot was fired. In the event an
explosion should occur, this record would also
show whose shot caused it.
"This electric firing would put a stop to loss of
life. As I said before, I am of the opinion tlie
cost would not exceed our present system. ln
small mines the daily cost of wire would he small;
so would the saving on shot firers' wages. In
large mines, employing six or eight shot firers,
the cost of wire would be pretty heavy, and
THE SAVING IN WAGES
would be correspondingly large. But suppose
the cost was very materially greater than the
present system, the game is worth the candle. The
present shot firing law imposed a cost upon the
operators ranging all the way from $1,000 a year
for the little fellows to $50,000 a year for the big
companies. Yet no one questions the wisdom of
a law which puts a stop to the wholesale holocaust
of miners or would see it repealed; and if a
law requiring electric firing went into effect, and
added further cost to the operator, the saving of
life would justify it and public opinion uphold it.
As for the operator's pocketbook—well, when the
shot firing law was passed he simply handed on
to the consumer the extra two or three cents psr
ton cost; and if electric firing was compulsory he
would figure in the added cost, if any, in making
his price list.
"There would be some difficulties in inaugurating
a system of electric firing, which did not arise
when the shot firing law was passed; and allowance
should be made for them. A reasonable time
should be given for operators to instal the system,
and mines nearly worked out should be exempted—
Ihe cost would be prohibitive to them. Perhaps
the law should apply only to mines opened after
its passage, or to those where the percentage of
coal worked out is yet small; it should certainly
be fair and equitable to all. Aside from the matter
of justice, prudence would dictate a fair law,
for one imposing an unreasonable expense on
mines developed prior to its passage would not be
sustained by the courts."
Call For Waterways Convention Deferred.
The preliminary waterways convention, held at
Cincinnati June 29 and 30, decided it would not,
on its own authority, call the contemplated national
waterways convention, but would request
the already existing national rivers and harbors
congress to call it. It is expected the meeting of
both bodies will be held at Washington in November
or December. The convention named the following
officers: President. Isaac M. Mason, St.
Louis; vice-president, Albert Bellinger, Cincinnati;
secretary, James W. Wardrop, Pittsburgh; executive
committee, W. B. Rodgers, Pittsburgh, chairman;
G. H. Anderson, Pittsburgh; M. T. Bryan,
Nashville; J. F. Ellison, Cincinnati; Thomas Wilkinson,
Burlington, la.; Frank Gaiennie, St. Louis;
T{. R. Bourland, Peoria. 111.; John Fox, Blytheville.
Ark.; and F. O. Fitten, New Harmony, Ind.
VANDALIA COAL CO.
The Vandalia Coal Co. was organized in Pitts­
burgh through the efforts of President H. C. Mc-
Eldowney. president of the Union Trust Co. Col.
W. P. Rend, one of the former noted coal opera­
tors of Pittsburgh, is one of the aggressive spirits
in the new combination. The coal companies
which have joined the combination are the Island
Coal Co., Johnson Coal Co., Indiana & Chicago
Coal Co.. South Linton Coal Co.. Enterprise Coal
Co.. Island Valley Coal Co., White Rose Coal Co..
Shirley Hill Coal Co., Sugar Creek Coal Co.,
Seeleyville Coal Co., Greenfield Coal Co., Minshall
Coal Co., Raccoon Valley Coal Co., Asherville Coal
Co., Home Coal Co.. Lost Creek Coal Co. and
Zeller & McCIellan Coal Co. The combine owns
20,000 acres of the best coal in Clay, Park, Green,
Sullivan, Vigo and Knox counties, Indiana, with
improvements worth $1,750,000. It has also
leased from the Granite Improvement Co., the
holding company of the Pennsylvania system in
Indiana, the mining rights on not less than 9,000
acres of coal along the Vandalia. A M. Ogle is
president; John McFaydean, vice-president; Frank
L. Powell, president of the Capital National Bank
of Indianapolis, treasurer and chairman of the
finance committee. The directors are: A. M.
Ogle, Island Coal Co.; John McFaydean, Indiana
& Chicago Coal Co.; Frank L. Powell, W. H. Hubbard,
Island Coal Co.; W. J. Snyder, of Brazil,
Ind., representing the Zeller & McCIellan Co.; W.
W. Ray, of Terre Haute, representing the Sugar
Creek Co.; Col. W. P. Rend, of Chicago; John L.
Crawford, of Terre Haute, representing the Home
company; W. H. Donner, of Pittsburgh. The
capital is $7,000,000, and the Union Trust Co. has
underwritten an issue of $3,000,000 bonds. There
is $2,000,000 preferred and $2,000,000 common
stock. The Union Trust Co. is trustee, and to
secure the payment of the bonds 5 cents on every
ton of run-of-mine coal is deposited in a fund
which must not be less in any one vear than $100
000.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
ELECTRICAL COMPRESSOR PLANT, CHICAGO AND NORTHWESTERN
RAILWAY TERMINAL, CHICAGO.
The air power plant at the terminal station of
the Chicago & Northwestern railway in Chicago
is a fine example of the best modern piactice in
the application of electric power to the compression
of air for the many purposes so characteristic
of railway yard work.
The air compressor plant is made up of two
Ingersoll-Sergeant standard power-driven compressors,
of the type designated by the makers
as class "JC." They are duplex two stage machines,
with air cylinders, frames and bearings,
mounted on a solid cast-iron bed-plate which encloses
the horizontal intercooler between the cylinders.
Both high and low pressure cylinders are
fitted with the standard Ingersoll-Sergeant pistcn
inlet valve, and regulation
is secured by the makers'
standard choking controller
on the low pressure intake.
This device, acting
to throttle the air intake
passage, is controlled by
receiver pressure and automatically
regulates the
volume of air compressed
and consequently the
amount of power consumed—to
the demand for
air from the power system.
The compressors run at
constant speed, the controller
simply varying the
effective piston displacement
with varying load.
The machines have a stroke of 12 inches, with
air cylinders 12 Vi an d 18Vi inches in diameter.
At their speed of 130 R. P. M. the free air capacity
of each unit is 455 cubic feet per minute. The
pressure used in this plant is 70 to 80 pounds
gauge.
The driving motors are General Electric direct
current machines, rated at 80 H. P. and 510 P. M..
on 220 volts. The illustration shows the arrangement
of the air plant. The machines are side by
side, the switch-board, rheostats, meters, etc.,
mounted in front of and between them. An intake
duct, supplying both compressors, leads under
the floor to the open air and rises beside the
power house, terminating in a screen cover for
the exclusion of dust and cinders from the yards.
The discharge pipes from the two unite in an
air main leading to the primary receiver outside
the plant. Provision is made for draining this
receiver. From this point, the line leads to a
system of cooling tubes to the west of the power
house, made up of a large upper and lower horizontal
header, connected by a number of small
vertical pipes. This arrangement freely exposed
to the air, precipitates whatever moisture may remain
in the air after leaving the primary receiver;
and this water is withdrawn from the lower
hj'ader. From this cooler, air lines radiate
throughout the yard, supplying power to the pneumatic
switch and signal system and a small portion
is diverted to the boiler room, where it is
applied in a small air lift pumping outfit which
supplies water to the terminal.
Interior of Power House.
England uses 32,000,000 tons a year for household
purposes, 13,000,000 tons in her railroads,
53.000,000 in factories, 18,000,001) tons in mining
processes, 28,000,000 tons in iron and steel industries,
and 15,000,000 tons in gas works. In a
third of a century England has doubled her coal
output. Germany has increased hers more than
four-fold, while the United States has multiplied
its production by ten. In 1870 the wholesale price
of bituminous coal in the American market ranged
from $6.25 to $7.25 per ton. Anthracite ranged
from $5.25 to $6.25.
The amount of coal docked at Milwaukee for
June of this year exceeded that for the same
month of any previous year. The receipts for
May were light, and coal men are trying to make
up the deficit.

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
JUTTE INTERESTS TO ENTER
THE MEDITERRANEAN TRADE.
C. Jutte & Co. and their allied interests, including
the Marine Coal Co. of Pittsburgh, are
arranging to broaden their foreign markets beyond
those already held in South America and to
include the countries skirting the Mediterranean.
These interests have already taken an important
South American trade from the English and German
producers. The modern wharfage facilities
of these Pittsburgh interests at New Orleans were
completed within the past week. The devices
have a loading capacity of 5,000 tons in 20 hours,
or sufficient to load the heaviest carrier which
docks there within 36 hours.
Mr. B. S. Hammill, general sales manager of
the Marine Coal Co., had as his guests in Pittsburgh
July 6, Mr. John Harrison of Harrison, Tidswell
& Co., 66 Mark Lane, London, and Mr. J. C.
Jung of Jung & Sons Co., New Orleans, the latter
being the foreign, coastwise and planters' agents
along the gulf for the Pittsburgh concern. The
conference dealt with the development of the
southern and foreign trade. The visitors went
through the modern Pike mine at Uniontown. At
this mine there is a straight-away entry stretch
of two miles of double track, laid with 60-pound
steel rails. Four-ton Jeffrey electric locomotives
are used, drawing upward of SO three-ton pit cars.
A new double steel tipple is being erected at the
plant.
NEW SCREEN LAW IN ARKANSAS.
The Arkansas legislature recently passed a bill
providing that all coal mined must be weighed
before it is screened. The following is the text
of the law:
"Section 1. It shall be unlawful tor any mine
owner, lessee or operator of coal mines in the
state, employing miners at bushel or ton rates, or
other quantity, to pass the output of coal mined
by said miners over any screen or any other device
which shall take any part of the value thereof
before the same shall have been weighed and duly
credited to the employe sending the same to the
surface, and accounted for at the legal rate of
weights as fixed by the laws of Arkansas; and no
employe within the meaning of this article shall
be deemed to have waived any right accruing to
him under this section by any contract he may
make contrary to the provisions thereof. And
any provision, contract or agreement between mine
owners, lessees or operators thereof, and the miners
employed therein, whereby the provisions of
this article are waived, modified or annulled, shall
be void and of no effect, and the coal sent to the
surface shall be accepted or rejected; and if ac­
cepted, shall be weighed in accordance with the
provisions of this article, and right of action shall
not be invalidated by reason of any contract or
agreement; and any owner, agent, lessee or operator
of any coal mine in this state who shall knowingly
violate any of the provisions of this section
shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and
upon conviction, shall be punished by a fine of
not less than $200 nor more than $500 for each
offense, or by imprisonment in the county jail for
a period of not less than sixty days nor more than
six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment;
proceedings to be instituted in any court
having competent jurisdiction, each day's operation
of any mine in violation of this act to constitute
a separate and distinct offense.
"Sec. 2. All laws and parts of laws in conflict
herewith are hereby repealed. This act to take
effect and be in force from and after April 1, 1906."
LAKE PORT QUOTATIONS.
The coal companies handling coal for the lake
trade have issued a list of contract prices under
which business will be accepted at present for the
remainder of the mining year which ends April 1,
1906. These contract prices call for an advance
September 1 of 15 to 25 cents a ton over those
prevailing at present on domestic coals. The new
circular prices are as follows:
o .
^T try ~

POSSIBILITIES IN EXPORT TRADE.
In a recent article on the possibility of Pittsburgh
extending its export trade to foreign countries,
A. A. Rutis, bankers' and financial agent,
and a member of the Merchants aud Manufacturers'
Association of Pittsburgh, called attention to
the following facts regarding the coal situation:
In this moment of general prosperity one industry
which does not seem at all in its full capacity
is the coal mining industry. In fact, as
by reports received, many mines are only working
a few days per week; others store their output,
expecting an increase of general demand, and this
may indicate a kind of stagnation.
Should it not be the aim of our coal dealers to
look a little farther for their trade? Why not
attack the world's market to supply it with our
coal? It is just in time of prosperity that a
provident man looks ahead for these moments, as
stagnation may come.
In fact, very few industries have failed to do
their best, as did the coal producers. Some years
ago sample cargoes were sent to Europe and South
America, in a kind of supposition that any quality
was "good enough" for the foreign countries. Not
enough attention was given to compare the quality
and form of the coal sent abroad with that of Cardiff.
The writer participated in different deals for
sample cargoes, and the results of not one were
satisfactory, the coal being too small. The impression
was created abroad that Pennsylvania had
no lump coal. England knew well how to spread
this idea in the most important centers, and instead
of 60 per cent, of lump coal, the arrivals
were 80 per cent, of dust and very small pieces.
France, Italy, Switzerland and Spain were, therefore,
lost to our export market, and the few cargoes
sent to the Brazilian ports had the same difficulty
in being accepted. Only Pocahontas quality
was a little more fortunate and has kept up the
American banner, as the outgoing steamers in New
York are generally supplied with this kind of
coal, being cheaper that that obtained from the
English miners.
How unfortunate it was to create the impression
of having in our Pennsylvania fields only small
and powder coal is proven again by a document
the writer received a few days ago from Brazil.
The most important railroad of the government
calls for offers for 70,000 tons of coal to be supplied
to its road, and a kind of concession is
made that American coal may be accepted to the
amount of 10,000 tons only (one-seventn of the
whole supply) provided it compared in quality
and size to the Cardiff quality! This proves again
that our English friends knew how to profit by
our first failures.
We have the facility to send the best coal, and
even 70 per cent, lump coal, as the writer wit­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
nessed very often on the barges leaving for the
south; and with the connections in New Orleans,
why should our coal miners not have their share
in supplying the world's coal needs?
All our companies are in very good financial
standing, having ample means to wait even for
the settlement after the arrival of the coal. Why
not now put all their energy to conquer once and
forever all these foreign markets?
Coal is not sold on samples, but on the assurance
of so much per cent, lump quality and the
chemical analysis. If a kind of practical clearing
or advertising department would be created in
Pittsburgh, taking this business up in a general
way, circularizing the most important facts in
favor of our coal production and output in several
languages direct to large dealers and factories,
interesting also the United States consuls to help
to such a propaganda, and making uniform offers
and rates, in a year from to-day we would see
thousands of barges leaving our zone and passing
through the Iron City for a shipping point, and
our black diamonds would keep an important place
in the financial returns from foreign countries to
our great center.
SECOND EDITION OF COKE.
The second edition of "Coke," by John Fulton,
published by the International Textbook Co.,
Scranton, Pa., is now ready. The first edition of
"Coke," which was published ten years ago, has
been a standard on the subject. In the second
edition Mr. Fulton has completely revised his
original manuscript, taking out processes and
apparatus which are no longer in use, and replacing
this matter with a large amount of new
material. A slight rearrangement of the order
of the chapters has also been made. After devoting
two chapters to the coal fields of North
America and the formation and chemical properties
of coal, an entirely new chapter on the preparation
of coal for the manufacture of coke is
given. This presents the most exhaustive treatment
of the crushing and washing of coal which
has yet appeared. It takes up, first, the necessity
for preparing coal in order to remove impurities
before making blast furnace coke, and then goes
into the description of the crushing appliances,
with costs of the crushing plant. Trough washers,
jigs, inverted core washers, and the Baum
washer are each taken up in detail, together with
detailed descriptions of a number of complete
plants, accompanied by two-page working plans
and in many cases by costs and results obtained.
Chapters four and five treat of the history and
development of the coke industry, and the manufacture
of coke in the bee-hive oven. Chapter
six, on the retort and by-product saving coke

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ovens, has been entirely rewritten and a large
amount of additional matter added, including detailed
descriptions of many well known plants.
Chapters seven, eight and nine are devoted to the
physical properties of charcoal, anthracite and
coke, comparisons of bee-hive and by-product coke,
laboratory methods of obtaining the relative calorific
values of metallurgical fuels and the location
of plants for the manufacture of coke. Chapter
ten, on general conclusions on the work, costs and
products of the several types of coke ovens, is
largely new and is a most interesting comparison
of results and costs with different ovens, taken
from actual working figures and based upon Mr.
Fulton's wide knowledge and experience.
Chapter eleven, on the fuel briquetting industry,
is entirely new, and wdiile foreign to the
general subject of the book is added to supply the
great demand for information upon this subject.
Mr. Fulton has summarized the literature upon
briquetting, and in 70 pages has given an excellent
digest of the present practice in Europe,
where of course, most of the briquetting is done
at the present time.
Typographically the book is pleasing, and the
large number of illustrations and working drawings
add greatly to the value of the statistical and
descriptive matter contained in the text.
LABOR UNIONISM IN EUROPE.
The first international report of the trade union
movement in Europe giving facts and figures to
the close of the year 1903, has been issued by Carl
Legien, general secretary of the general committee
of the trade unions of Germany, and who is also
a Socialist member of Parliament, representing
Kiel. Reports for countries affiliated are in brief
as follows:
England—The General Federation is the only
central trade union organization of the country
which has to perform trade union work only.
Only 30 per cent, of the trade unions of the country
belong to it. The affiliated organizations have
to pay a one and two-shillings subscription annually.
From the funds thus collected the trade
unions are given support in strikes, namely, two
and a half and five shillings per striking or lockedout
member weekly during the whole of the strike
or locKOtit. It is thought that the contributions
are too high for the unions not affiliated. The reserve
funds of the federation have reached £100.-
000. For the political representation of the workers
there is a combination in the Trade Union
Congress, with which 70 per cent, of the unions
are affiliated. Then there is the Labor Representation
Committee, to forward the election of labor
representatives to Parliament. Fifty per cent, of
the unions belong to this committee. These societies
for political purposes are not oppositional
but supplementary organizations of the central organization.
Denmark—Aside from the Samvirkende Fagforbund,"
there exists a Christian federation. It is
reported that this society has 45,000 members and
170 branches. The Samvirkende Fagforbund h^s
ten central federations, fifteen local societies and
23,477 members. Nearly all are united with the
Social Democratic party.
Sweden—There is only one national organization.
It has nine central federations, 100 local societies
and 32,080 members.
Norway—There is only one national central organization,
called the "Arbeidernes Faglige Lands
Organization."
Germany—Besides the General Committee of
Trade Unions there are three other central organizations
of workers in Germany—the Christian
trade unions, the Hirseh-Duncker trade societies,
and the purely local societies. The unions affiliated
with the general committee have a membership
of 389,132.
Austria—No national organization exists here
aside from the trade union committee. There are
a number of Christian social organizations which
call themselves trade unions, but which are only
the tail of reactionary political parties. Nothing
is known of their membership, as no report is
made by them.
Hungary—All the existing trade unions in Hungary
have declared themselves for affiliafon with
ihe Hungarian Trade Union Council.
Servia—All labor organizations in this country
belong to the central federation of trade unions.
Spain—Spain has only one central organization,
namely, the "Union General de Trabajadores," but
a number of local unions exist there. These stand
for the general-strike proposition.
A number of countries reported their membership,
from which the following figures are taken:
England, 1,922,780; Denmark, 86,326; Sweden, 80,-
000; Norway, 15,996; Germany, 1,276,831; Austria,
177,592; Hungary, 41,138; Servia, 3,500. The total
number of women organized in the foregoing
countries is 84,721. Secretary Legien is now
compiling the 1904 report and when it is issued,
which will be soon, it will undoubtedly show a
marked increase, as there was great activity in
organization work displayed in Europe during the
past year.
Edward E. Lewis, of Duluth, Minn., claims to
have discovered anthracite coal about forty miles
from Duluth. on the line of the Northern Pacific
railroad.

ILLINOIS OPERATORS AND MINERS TO DI­
VIDE THE INCREASED EXPENSE OF
PRODUCTION DUE TO THE SHOT
FIRERS' LAW.
The coal operators and miners of Illinois will
divide the increased cost of production due to the
shot firers' law which became effective July 1. On
that date, as announced in the last issue of THE
COAL TRADE BULLETIN, all the mines owned by the
members of the Illinois Coal Operators' Association
and practically all of the other mines in the
state except those worked on the "long wall" plan
were closed. Previous to this the operators accepted
the proposal of the miners to submit the
question of increased cost to arbitration. Messrs.
H. N. Taylor and A. J. Moorsehead were chosen to
represent the operators and the miners selected
H. C. Perry and W. D. Ryan, of their state organization.
These gentlemen agreed upon as arbitrator,
Judge George Gray, of Delaware, who was a
member of the anthracite strike commission in
1902 and who has filled other important positions
on national and international arbitration commissions.
The meeting with Judge Gray was held at
Wilmington, Del., on July 3. The decision was
mailed under seal to Ernest E. Helmie, cashier
of the Springfield Marine Bank, who held it until
the executive boards had decided the wages of the
shot firers and the conditions under which they
should work. These having been agreed to, the
decision was then opened.
Judge Gray, after giving a resume of the agreement
of April 4, 1904, between the miners and
operators, the passage of the shot rirers law and
its provisions, and the subsequent meetings of
the operators and miners, and the proposal of the
miners to arbitrate the question, says:
"The duties of these shot firers were, in other
sections of the act, prescribed in detail, as also
a penalty for refusal or failure to do the things
required by any section of the act, on the part of
the persons therein required to do them. That
this act was a police regulation, within the power
of the state to enact, cannot be, and is not, disputed.
The operators, however, contend that,
although they are required and expect to conform
to this law, the effect of it is to materially change
the obligations of tbe said contract of April, 1904,
inasmuch as it relieves the miner from the actual
shooting of the shots, and in consequence thereof
imposes upon the operators the burden of employing,
at their expense, additional men to fire
the shots in every chamber of the mine. They
therefore demand that the miners should reim­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
tence of the state to prescribe for the mining of
coal, they are literally performing their contract
as long as they 'drill and blast coal in accordance
with the state mining law of Illinois' of which the
act in question is part.
"They also contend that the practical operation
of the law would impose no additional burden on
the operators, inasmuch as, under the present system,
where the shots are fired by the miners
somewhat indiscriminately, as each miner may
conclude his work, the drivers, the other dav
laborers in the mine, cage men, hoisters and car
handlers, are compelled to stop work during fractions
of the eight-hour day, varying from a quarter
to a half hour, which, under the contract, they
are required to work, whereas, when the shot
firers, provided by the act, do the work, it is done
at the close of the full eight hours, and no time
is thus lost. They also contend that, as only
three or four shot firers would be required to each
mine, the operators would be more than compensated
for the outlay in employing them.
"As the case is presented to the umpire, it is
not necessary to consider what the legal effect of
this legislative act of the state of Illinois may be,
upon the obligation of the contract of April 4, 1904.
"Whether the actual firing of the shots by the
miners was a substantial part of the contract on
their part, and if so. what effect the subsequent
law making it impossible of performance had upon
the rights of the parties to the contract, or
whether the state law violated the contract clause
of the constitution of the United States as impairing
the obligation of the contract, are judicial
questions to be determined by a judicial tribunal.
"A different and single question is presented to
the umpire; that is whether in good conscience
and equity, under all the circumstances of the
case, the miners should reimburse the operators
for the outlay necessary to employ the shot firers
required by law.
"If the duty of a shot firer, as prescribed by the
act, were merely to inspect, there could be no
doubt that such police regulation, altnough it imposes
an additional burden upon the operator,
would not affect the mutual obligations of iiie
contract. But the act says that it shall be the
duty of the shot firers 'to inspect and do all the
firing of all blasts, prepared in a practical workmanlike
manner in said mine or mines.' We are
to assume that this act was passed in good faith
to protect the lives of miners and others employed
in the mines and permit the general safety of
mining operation. As such it deserved the com­
mendation and suport of all good citizens m the
burse the operators for this increased cost in the state.
production of coal.
"Inspection alone by expert men employed for
"The miners on the other hand contend that, that purpose, of the shots prepared by the miners,
this being a police regulation within the compe­ before they are fired by the miners, would go far

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
toward promoting the safety of those engaged in
mining, and in a large part achieve the purpose
of the act. Such inspection, though requiring the
employment of the same number of men, and
entailing an equal or nearly equal expense on the
operators as would inspection and firing also, is
no more amenable to criticism or complaint than
the inspection required by law to ascertain the
presence of fire damp or of other conditions dan­
gerous to mining operations.
"No good reason can be urged, in my opinion,
why the expense of any such inspection should
be imposed on the miners. It is an expense
made by law incidental to the conduct of mining
operations.
"Does the mere fact then, that in addition to
inspection, the inspector is required to fire the
shot, so substantially affect or modify the terms
of the contract of April 4, 1904. as to make it
equitable that the miners should wholly reimburse
the operators for the outlay in employing
said inspectors? It really relieves the miner or
no appreciable labor and of little responsibility,
and it seems incontestable that the firing clone by
these inspectors may by reason of the greater
regularity and better methods employed, inure to
the benefit of the operator, so far as, to some extent
at least, to compensate him for the increased
expense over the old method. The umpire takes
no account of the statement that the passage of
this law was promoted by the representatives of
the miners. The legislative will and judgment
is interposed between the acts of the miners and
the situation as we now have it. Witn the action
of those who advocated, and those who opposed the
passage of the act, we have nothing now to do.
"It is not without significance, however, that
before advocating and promoting the passage ot
the bill by the legislature, the representatives of
the miners, in the convention that made the agreement
of April 4, 1904, had urged that the employment
of shot firers should be provided for in said
contract, and that this proposition was peremptorily
refused by the representatives of the operators.
"On the whole it seems to me equitable and just
that until experience is acquired in the matter of
the employment of shot firers, provided for by the
act, one-half of the expense necessary to their
employment should be reimbursed to the operators
by the miners.
"I therefore judge and award that the miners
in each mine, covered by the contract of the Illinois
state agreement of April 4, 1904, reimburse
the operator or operators of such mine for onehalf
of the expense and outlay necessary to the
employment of inspectors under the act of the
legislature of Illinois in that behalf.
"Signed, GEORGE GRAY.''
The executive boards of the Illinois Coal Opera­
tors' Association and the United Mine Workers of
Illinois met in joint session at Spiingfield on
July 6, to determine the wages of the shot firers
and the conditions of their employment, prior to
opening Judge Gray's decision. A sub-committee
of two from each body was appointed, and after
several sessions reported the following supple­
mental agreement, which was adopted, and which
will be in force until the present contract expires,
April 4, 1906:
lst. The shot firer shall go into the mine a sufficient
length of time, not less than three hours
before the regular quitting time of the mine, to
satisfy himself by examination and inspection of
the shots he is to fire, thai they have been prop­
erly placed and prepared. When examining shots
the snot firer sha'l work single; when firing shots
they shall work double.
2d. The rate of wages to be paid shot firers
shall be $4.00 per day of eight hours.
3rd. The question as to whether squibs or fuse
shall be used is left to the discretion of the mine
manager and the shot firers in the respective mines
where shot firers are employed. Wherever a dispute
arises relative to the advisability of using
fuse or squibs the same shall be settled by the
state mine inspector for that district after having
made a personal investigation to satisfy himself
as to which would be safer.
4th. Where out few miners are employed the
operator shall have the right to designate two
practical miners as shot firers at an hour rate
equivalent to the day rate above mentioned.
THE UNITED MINE WORKERS OK ILLINOIS,
H. C. PERRY. President.
W. E. SMITH. Vice-Pres.
W. D. RYAN, Secretary.
THE ILLINOIS COAL OPERATORS' ASSOCIATION,
J. A. AOEK, Vice-Pres.
E. T. BENT. Sec.-Treas.
The decision and the agreement will be accepted
without dissent by all the operators and miners interested.
No date was set for resuming work but
it was understood that the mines would be reopened
as soon as it was possible to do so in compliance
with the new law.
Soft coal will shortly be a thing of the past on
all engines pulling passenger trains on the Erie
railroad. All new engines purchased as well as
the majority of those recently acquired are built
for the use of hard coal. All passenger trains,
with the exception of a few locals will be changed
as soon as possible and before long the Erie will
be a road of anthracite.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 3§
THE PULSE OF THE MARKETS.
While the condition of the general coal market
may be properly described as dull, it is in no
sense abnormally so. Seasonable demand prevails
everywhere except in the case of local disturbing
factors and the market, on the whole, is
in as good shape as could be expected.
The feature of the situation in the western coal
trade has been the increase in sales and advance
in price of Illinois coals, due to the crisis over
the wage contract and the fear of both the trade
and the public that the mines of that state might
be closed for an indefinite time. In this uncertainty,
manufacturers who usually buy their coal
in the open market have been trying to protect
themselves by buying as much coal as possible
and storing it. To a less extent, this tendency
has obtained with dealers also, and the consequence
is that prices have advanced 10c. to 30c.
on all grades of western. The situation in Illinois
has had little or no effect on eastern coals.
Sales are about normal and there is nothing to
warrant extra heavy shipments. Prices continue
steady. The movement up the lakes has been
fairly strong, with a tendency on the part of the
shippers to increase the volume. The market
has been strengthened somewhat, but prices have
not changed, lake three-quarter being quoted at
$1.90 f. o. b. boats at Lake Erie ports. The rates
of carriage also remain steady. The increased
movement is offset by the larger loads which the
boats are able to carry- The rates are therefore
30c. to the head of the lakes and 40c. fd Milwaukee.
The southwestern market is very dull, the demand
being light and consumers overstocked. Prices
have been cut in numerous instances and the general
conditions throughout this territory are about
the worst to be found. In the south there is still
a healthy production which is being increased as
rapidly as is practicable. There his been a falling
off in the West Virginia production as a result
of the somewhat light lake trade. In the Pittsburgh
district, the heavy lake shipments have
brought about a car shortage which is causing considerable
trouble. The river operators have had
the benefit of another light shipping stage on
which about 3,000,000 bushels of coal were sent
south. Barring the lack of transportation facilities
conditions in the district are very satisfactory.
Run-of-mine is quoted at 95 cents to $1.05, f. o. b.
mine.
Midsummer conditions prevail in the coke market
and buying is very light. Some contracts for
deliveries through the third quarter have been
9W9WW1........
made but practically nothing is being done in last
quarter business. There are numerous indications,
however, that the market is at its lowest
ebb and that there will be a sharp revival of demand
in the very near future. Spot furnace is
worth $1.80 to $1.90. Some sales of third quarter
furnace at $2.00 and last quarter at $2.20 are reported
but they are not numerous. Foundry coke
is quoted at $2.50 to $2.60.
The eastern bituminous market is quiet, and it
is thought that most producers have curtailed production
at the mines to meet this exigency, as
there seems to be no accumulation at any of the
loading or discharging ports, although the shippers
have to press consumers for orders to dispose
of coal arriving at tide. Trade in the far
east is slow, and there seems to be more disposition
this year than last to postpone shipments
until later in the year. Trade along the sound is
still taking a fair amount of coal, but is gradually
falling off. The New Haven railroad will resume
its all-rail shipments via Port Morris shortly, and
this road has installed better facilities for discharging
at some of its tidewater receiving ports,
improving the situation in that respect. New
York harbor trade is quiet, and all that can be
said of it is that it is taking care of about all the
coal that is arriving, which has been slightly reduced
in volume. All-rail trade seems to be unchanged.
The conditions in the anthracite coal trade are
unchanged. Orders for egg, stove and chestnut
continue to be received by the leading companies.
Steam sizes are not in active demand. The hard
coal market as a whole is absolutely without features,
the volume of the trade being natural and
the movement mechanical.
Hull, Blyth & Co., of London and Cardiff, report
that the market still maintains a slightly stronger
tone for prompt and early shipment, but that more
distant dates are not so certain. Quotations are
as follows: Best Welsh steam coal, $3.36; seconds,
$3.18; thirds. $3.06; dry coals. $3.00; best
Monmouthshire. $3.00; seconds, $2.94; best small
steam coal, $2.28; seconds, $2.16; other sorts. $1.92.
Denver, Colo., will still be the headquarters for
the Western federation of miners, and the next
convention will be held in that city.

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
SUMMARY OF OHIO MINING REPORT.
The following table prepared by State Mine In­
spector George Harrison of Ohio, for his annual
report for 1904, presents a concise summary of
mining operations in that state during the year
and a comparison of figures with those of the pre­
vious year:
1903. 1904.
Pick miners employed... 15.653 13,346
Day hands employed 11,562 12,759
Hands operating machines 1,949 2,297
Drillers, shooters & loaders 14.181 17,432
Total No. persons engaged 41.396 45,834
Average days pick miners
worked 176 1-6 159
Average days mach. miners
worked 176 1-6 169
Tons of coal produced by
pick 1(1,012,335 8.037,360
Tons of coal produced by
machine 14,560,931 16,546,455
Total tons coal produced . 24,573,266 24,583,815
Cain in output over 1903. 10,549
No. of coal producing
counties 30 29
No of fatal accidents 234 US
No. of serious accidents.. 308 316
No. of minor accidents... 12S 121
Total number of casualties 560 555
Estimated amount of powder
consumed in the pro­
duction of coal by the
number of firms report­
ing (kegs) 223,708 264,714
Total new mines opened. . S6 101
No. of mines suspending. 42 57
No. of mines abandoned. 18 37
No. of mines in operation 912 959
No. of mines in the state. 954 1,018
No. of mines using mining
machines 188 243
No. of mining machines in
use 774 975
Counties installing ma­
chinery 18 19
Total inspections made.. 1,511 1,789
Sets-of scales tested 1S8 230
Permanent improvements
made 325 257
No. of maps filed 293 341
Tons of coal mined to
each life lost 215,555 208,337
One life lost to every 363 persons employed in
mining of coal in 1903.
One life lost to every 3S8 persons employed in
mining of coal in 1904.
One person injured in every 72 1-9 employed in
1903.
One person injured in every 82 5-10 employed in
1904.
!••

pi RETAIL TRADE NOTES. fej
The wholesale and retail coal dealers of Ohio
and the Ohio grain dealers held their convention
at Putin-Bay on July 6, with an attendance of
500. The principal topic of discussion was the
feasibility of establishing a cash basis among the
dealers .for coal when ordered, or before delivered.
Thirty Ohio towns will adopt this method for fall
business, and an attempt is being made to make it
universal in Ohio.
*
The Peoples Coal Co. was recently incorporated
at Bowling Green, Ky. Yards will be established
at the boat landing and Aberdeen and Reeder coals
will be handled. The conipany is about to begin
business.
*
H. C. Behrens, of Forest City, Iowa, recently
sold out his entire line of coal and lumber at that
place to the Union Lumber Co.. of Minneapolis.
Minn.
*
The Mohawk Valley Coal Co. has been incorporated
at Utica, N. Y.. with a capital of $7,500 to
do a retail coal and lumber business.
*
Henry Rippe, of Fairmont, Minn., recently incorporated
his milling and coal interests at that
point, with an authorized capital of $100,000.
*
The Dayton Coal Dealers' Association. Dayton,
Ohio, recently held an important meeting at which
the cash system was discussed and adopted.
*
The Henry A. Clark coal yards at Binghamton,
N. Y., owned by Harriet G. Clark, were recently
sold to Harry Spencer, of Scranton, Pa.
*
The large coal storage bin being erected by the
White Oak Coal Co. at Richmond, Va.. is almost
completed and will be in use very soon.
The Western Canada Cement & Coal Co., of
Ottawa, has been incorporated with a capital of
$1,250,000.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
A. R. Moss has sold his coal and lumber business
at Reynolds, Neb., to the R. S. Proudfit Lumber
Co.
*
F. L. Anderson, Owatonna, Minn., recently sold
his wood and coal business at that point to D. P.
Rugg.
*
T. Teien, of Benson, Minn., will shortly erect a
large coal shed and engage in the retail fuel business.
The Zinn Coal & Grain Co. has been incorporated
at Fort Worth, Tex., with a capital of $6,000.
The Iowa Coal Mining Co. has been incorporated
at Des Moines, la., with a capital of $10,000.
*
The Rush-Hensley Lumber & Coal Co. has been
incorporated at Denver, with a capital of $25,000.
*
A. B. Cox has succeeded to the coal and ice
business of Drake & Cox. at New Franklin, Mo.
*
The Hacker Coal Co. has sold its business at
Wichita, Kas., to the East End Feed & Coal Co.
S. Austin has purchased the coal and lumber
business of Hupp & Stutts, at Lebanon, Neb.
*
A. W. Anderson has sold his coal business at
Butte, Mont., to the West Side Grocery Co.
#
The Pacific Coal Co., of Bankhead, B. C, will
open headquarters in Seattle, Wash.
Fox & Rowland have succeeded to the coal business
of Fox & Son, at Liberty, Mo.
W. L. Plott, of Lafayette, Ind., recently removed
The Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co.
to Lebanon, Ind.. to engage with his father, M.
has completed its six-compartment shaft at Maple
L. Plott, in the retail coal business.
Hill colliery Shenandoah, Pa., which was driven
at a cost of over $100,000. The depth of the shaft
The Farmers Elevator Co., of Bird Island, Minn.,
is 1.032 feet.
has arranged to build a large coal storage shed
and will handle fuel at retail.
*
The Dering Coal Co., Chicago, will shortly begin
W. B. Saunders has purchased the coal and the erection of 200 tenements at its mines near
lumber business of the Traders Lumber Co.. at Winchester, Ind. A business block will also be
Red Cloud, Neb.
erected for general merchandising purposes.
The Consolidated Coal & Lumber Co., of Logan,
W. Va.. incorporated at $500,000, will begin extensive
development of coal and lumber fields.

\2 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
NEW INSTRUCTIONS FOR MINE
INSPECTORS IN WEST VIRGINIA.
James W. Paul, chief mine inspector of West
Virginia, recently issued the following special
instructions to the district inspectors, requiring
them to give particular attention to the points
noted:
1. As provided by law, you will enforce the
provisions against taking into the mines any excessive
quantities of powder, and insist that all
powder be carried in metallic cans of a capacity
not to exceed 5 pounds. In no case allow an
original can of powder to be taken into the mine.
and if you find such within the mine, containing
powder, order it taken to the outside at once.
2. In all mines wdiere the breakthroughs in
the rooms are not closed as additional breakthroughs
are made, insist upon "checks" being
placed across the entry to divert the current of air
into the rooms, and if the ventilation is not sufficient,
insist upon the brattices being placed in the
breakthroughs between rooms.
3. Where dust is encountered within the mines,
insist upon its removal from the mine, and the
dry parts of the mine made wet by spraying systematically
and regularly with an apparatus which
meets with your approval. The pouring on and
scattering of water with a pail will not be ap
proved. The dust on the "ribs" must be made
damp.
4. Upon each inspection of a mine insist upon
seeing that a copy of the rules is posted, and that
stretchers and blankets are kept on hand, as is
required by law.
5. Tne provisions of the oil law must be enforced,
and where necessary the penalties of the
law shall be applied.
6. Beginning May 1, 1905, in your inspection
work, you will be required to see that all coal
operators have on hand a safety lamp, kept in
good order, which you shall inspect upon each visit
to the mine.
7. Encourage mine operators and bosses to
make use of the anemometer, and to take regular
measurements of the air.
8. In order that the injured employe may be
given immediate relief, it is recommended that
each operator be requested to have placed at each
mine a supply of bandages, absorbents, disinfectants,
linseed oil, soda and stimulants, properly enclosed
in a case, for emergency use.
Directions 7 and 8, above, are made in the nature
of suggestions, but are not required by law.
All reasonable effort shall be made by the inspectors
to have a compliance with the above, and
any failure shall be promptly reported to the chief
mine inspector.
PITTSBURGH COAL COMPANY.
Comptroller J. B. L. Hornberger of the Pittsburgh
Coal Co., announced July 1 that the company
had the day before made cash payment of
$1,100,000 to meet its interest charges on bonds,
sinking fund apportionment and rental of the
Wabash properties, formerly operated by the Pittsburgh
Terminal Railroad & Coal Co. This information
should be of special interest by reason of
the emphasis that recurrent reports in the past
month or two with attendant inferences have put
on the fact that these tremendous obligations
would have to be met.
The Monongahela River Consolidated Coal &
Coke Co., controlled by the Pittsburgh Coal Co.,
has made an exceptional record in production and
shipments. This is largely attributable to the
favorable conditions of the river, permitting of
southern shipments. The mines of the Rivetcompany
have been operating to approximately
their capacity, with the result that during April,
May and June, the company's earnings exceeded
any other three months in the past two years.
Prices at which this record shipment of coal has
been sold promise much to the advantage of the
company.
The announcement of the removal, on May 1, of
import duties on mining machinery and of the reduction
of the annual tax on each holding, has
stimulated American mining enterprise in Mexico.
While the loss of this source of revenue to the
Mexican government may be felt at the moment,
the deficit will surely be more than made up by
the augmented returns from new mining developments.
It is predicted that with the adoption
of this wise and liberal policy many rich mineral
districts hitherto dormant will become the centers
of new activity, and it is hoped that included in
these will be the almost unexplored mineral regions
of western Tamaulipas. from wdiich rich
specimens have been obtained from time to time,
but which, owing to lack of transportation facilities
and the high duties on mining machinery,
have remained undeveloped and practically unknown.
o o o
The Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Co. announces that
the demand for information regarding its "Little
Jap" hammer drill has been so great that it has
been necessary to issue another edition of the
company's pneumatic tool department bulletin describing
this drill. The new edition bears the
same title as the other, but contains considerable
additional information.

COAL FROM BENEATH THE OCEAN.
There was recently formally completed on the
Cumberland coast of England a work which is not
only unique in its purpose, but embodies several
novel features in design. This is a barrier nearly
7,000 feet long, built in a semi-circular line from
shore to shore over the Duddon Sands, at Hodbarrow,
near Millom. for the Hodbarrow Mining Co..
Ltd., in order to exclude sea water from an area
of the foreshore 170 acres in extent, so that the
underlying rich coal deposits may be mined for a
distance from the present headings of 600 yards
seaward. The barrier is more than an embankment,
as it was necessary to exclude the sea not
only from the part of the estuary inclosed, but
also to prevent, as far as possible, percolation
through the substrata.
The height of the embankment above the sea
bed is 40 feet, and its flat top is 83 feet wide.
Nearly 1.500,000 tons of limestone, 1,000,000 tons
of clay and 150,000 tons of concrete have been
used in its construction, which has occupied nearly
five years, and its cost has been $2,500,000.
The wall is composed of huge blocks of concrete,
27 tons each, scattered higgledy-piggledy to
break the waves, a bank of limestone, clay standing
on steel piles driven from 26 feet to 35 feet,
so as to form a solid steel apron against the percolation
of water beneath the barrier proper, puddled
core, and limestone.
The operations of mining coal as carried on at
these collieries are probably the most interesting
in the world, as the prevailing practices in the
mines of most other sections are in a measure discarded
and extremely novel processes made use
of. A wall somewhat like, the one just finished.
except that it was much smaller and of much less
importance from an engineering standpoint, was
built some years ago, but by the means of this
last work the miners will soon be working where
the sea once rolled just above them. This wall
will give access to a great quantity of fuel which
will require many years to exhaust.
By-Products Coke Corporation, Solvay, N. Y.;
capital, ^o,000.000; incorporators, Rowland G. Hazard,
Peace Dale, R. I.; William B. Cogswell, Syracuse,
N. Y.; Morgan Wing, New York; Henry Martin,
Rutherford. N. J.; Frederick R. Hazard, Syracuse.
Pocahontas Coke Co., Bramwell, W. Va.: capital,
$150,000; incorporators, John J. Tierney, Philip
Goodwill, W. H. Bowen, Isaac T. Mann, James E.
Jones and Charles T. Thorne, the latter of New-
York City.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
Wolf Creek Coal & Land Co.. Charleston, W. Va.;
capital. $75,000; incorporators. Philip Frankenberger,
C. F. Sterrett. C. B. Couch, W. R. L. Sterr'ett
and Julius A. de Grayter. all of Charleston.
i
Black Wolf Coal Co., Tazewell Va.; capital, $100,-
U00; incorporators, A. St. Clair, Tazewell, Va.;
George W. Moore, Jr., Lynchburg, Va.; George L.
Fleming, Lynchburg, Va.
—+—
Summit Coal Mining Co., Flushing, O.; capital.
$40,000; incorporators, Charles F. Roy. B. Shoemaker,
J. S. Nichol, G. M. Shoemaker and Charles
H. Alexander.
—+—
Minshall Coal Mining Co., Columbus, O.; capital.
$20,000; incorporators, T. E. Minshall, F. G. Hatton,
W. E. Westfall, W. D. Edwards and W. A.
Ireland.
1
The Security Mining Co., Cincinnati; capital.
$15,000: incorporators. A. A. Kumler. R. G. Reed.
John M. Walsh, Theodore M. Foucar and H. W.
Welland.
-+—
Eastern Ohio Coal & Coke Co.. Canton; capital.
$1,000,000; incorporators H. B. Walter. J. W. Gorrell,
Hubbard Brown, C. W. Bower and D. H. Warfel.
—+—
Muhoacin Coal Co.. Jersey City; capital. $250.-
000; incorporators, Harry M. Stoffel. A. C. Bagg.
Louis B. Dailey, Jersey City.
—+—
Boyd Coal & Mining Co.. Dillon. O.; capital. $30.-
000; incorporators, Dennis, J. A.. S. P. and P. B.
McGarvey and F. E. Kess.
—+—
Beach Creek Coal Co.. Milwaukee, Wis.; capital.
$25,000; incorporators, Harry Becker, Albert L.
Becker and W. B. Rubin.
Elm Grove Coal Co., McLeansboro, 111.; capital.
$2,000; incorporators, John T. Barnett, John W.
Mitchell, Joseph E. Daily.
1
Little Vermilion Coal Co., Georgetown, 111.; capital,
$250,000; incorporators, L. D. Gass, M. B.
Bailey, C. M. Swallow.
Sixteen concerns bid for the contract for furnishing
50.000 tons of coal at Colon, for the use
of the Panama canal commission. The award has
not yet been made.

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
CHILD LABOR LAW IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Representative Alfred B. Gamer, father of the
Gamer child labor law. now in effect in Pennsyl­
vania, has given out an explanatory statement so
that those affected by the measure may thoroughly
understand its provisions. It includes the follow­
ing:
The bill goes into effect at once so far as the
granting of certificates is concerned, though the
penalties against the coal companies do not begin
until October 15. This is done so that all can get
certificates before then. The parent should not
wait until then as the examinations will take some
time. No boy under 16 years can work inside a
coal mine, nor under 14 years, around the breaker.
All boys under 21 years of age must secure a
certificate, whether they work inside the mines
or outside, around the breaker.
The certificate is granted by the superintendent
of the public schools in the place in which the
boy lives, or, if residence is in a township and
there is no superintendent the certificate must be
secured from the principal teacher. To secure
an employment certificate the law provides (if
you have a birth certificate or other legal paper
showing your age), take your parent, guardian or
custodian to the common school superintendent
and exhibit your birth certificate. He will then
examine you and see whether you can read, write
and spell simple sentences in the English language.
If you can do so, he will measure your
height, take the color of your eyes, hair and complexion,
and will enter the whole on the certificate.
He will then swear your parents as to the correctness
of the statement therein, and will give you
the certificate, keeping a copy himself. If you
cannot produce a birth certificate or other legal
paper showing your age, then you must take to
the superintendent or principal teacher, where
there is no superintendent, a certificate from the
teacher of the last school you attended, showing
that you have received instruction in reading,
spelling, writing, English grammar and geography
and that you are familiar with the fundamental
operations of arithmetic, up to and including fractions.
Show this certificate and you will then be
examined in reading, writing and spelling, your
parents sworn and the certificate granted.
The superintendent, or principal teacher, as the
case may be. must issue the certificate and swear
the parents free of charge. The justice of the
peace has nothing to do with these certificates.
Do not pay anyone any money. File the employment
certificate granted you, with the company
employing you. They will return it when you
quit their employ.
The local coal trade at Nashville, Tenn.. is probably
lost to the rest of the world. A local newspaper
correspondent has discovered that "there is
a vein several feet square which lies at the bottom
of a creek about two miles from town."
—o—
This is the season when the average city dweller
would be mighty glad to exchange the superheated
air he is compelled to breathe for the cool, moist
atmosphere in which the miner does his daily
stunt. Verily, we are never satisfied.
—o—
If J. Pluvius continues to give the river shippers
of the Pittsburgh district a coal boat stage
every time a million bushels or so are gathered together,
the Monongahela valley miners will all be
coal magnates before the year is out.
—o—
The merry retailer has had his fling. It's back
from the mines for him and if he is wise he will
stock up anent higher prices and worse transportation
conditions, the liKelihood of which he should
have learned during his outing.
—o—
Members of the mining institute are likely to
regret the absence of "papers" if the day be hot
and the committee fails to supply palm leaf fans.
|| COAL TRADE CASUALTIES. >
An explosion of fire damp in No. 2 pit of the
United Colliery Co. at Wattstown in the Rhondda
valley, the center of the Welsh coal fields, on
July 11. resulted in the loss of at least 126 lives.
The majority of the bodies have been taken out.
The torce of the explosion wrecked the machinery
at the mouth of the pit, which cut off all communication
with the entombed men. The disaster is
the worst that has taken place in South Wales
since 1894.
—x—
A coal chute at Riehl's Mills, near Frederick
Junction. Md., owned by the Baltimore & Ohio
Railroad Co., was burned recently entailing a loss
of $10,000.
—x—
A fire which started in the Borussia coal mine
at Dortmund, Germany, on July 10, cut off 39
miners all of whom, at last accounts, were believed
to be dead.
—x—
A gas explosion in one of the mines of the Taylor
Coal & Coke Co.. near Uniontown, Pa., on July
6, badly wrecked the shaft and caused the deaths
of six men.

• SOME LABOR NOTES. •
A circular which was issued recently from the
headquarters of the Southwestern Coal Operators'
Association, whose members include mine owners
of Kansas, Missouri, the Indian Territory and
one or two other states, instructs the operators
to maintain the position that mine foremen, weighmen
and other employes who are not included in
the membership rolls of the U. M. W. shall do
any and all classes of work in and about the
mines that the operators desire them to do. Officials
of the U. M. W. assert that this constitutes
a violation of the existing annual agreement with
the union, because none of the employes referred
to can belong to the union, and for this reason
should not be called upon to do work that under
the terms of the contract is to be performed exclusively
by union labor.
* * *
It is announced that President John Mitchell, of
the United Mine Workers, will come to Pittsburgh
about the middle of August and spend about
two weeks in the district addressing meetings,
making plans to build up the organization and
preparing a demand for increased wages next
year, when the present wage scale expires. A
meeting of the executive board of the Pittsburgh
miners will be held next week, when plans for
the meetings in this district will be taken up. It
is expected that a general meeting will be held in
Old City hall and that several secret meetings will
be held at different points in the district. One or
two of the national organizers will also be called
to Pittsburgh.
* * *
ted Mine Workers of Illinois for the first quarter
of the fiscal year, beginning Feb. 1, showed
that the amount of cash on hand April 30 had
been increased from the first of the year from
$784,335.64 to $837,572.54. During the quarter,
$4,927.50 was expended for relief and aid and
$16,238.96 was paid into the national treasury.
* * *
One thousand miners are out on a strike at the
Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh mines at Yatesboro,
Franklin county, Pa., over objections raised
by the company to the checkweighman. It is
feared the strike will spread to Punxsutawney
and Dubois. The company has announced its intention
to start the Yatesboro mines, and trouble
may result.
• * •
Utah locals 2630, 2631 and 188, constituting subdistrict
of District 15 of the United Mine Workers,
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
which were suspended from that organization for
refusing to call off their strike at the command
of the national board, have applied for admission
to the Western Federation of Miners, and been accepted.
* * *
Production is being steadily increased in the
Ensley, Ala., district since the introduction of
milling machinery. Many new miners are arriving
from the north and the employing companies
are erecting exceptionally good homes for
them and otherwise looking after their comfort.
* * *
James Rhodda. of Upper Lehigh, Pa., who was
recently charged with issuing fraudulent miners'
certificates, entered a plea of guilty, but sentence
was deferred until the constitutionality of the
miners' certificate law could be tested.
* * •
Miners at Sullivan and Shelburn, Ind., went on
strike a few days ago, and both mines have been
closed. The strikes were caused by disputes over
strikes, cuts and loading.
RECENT COAL TRADE PATENTS.
The following recently granted patents of in­
terest to the coal trade, are reported expressly
for THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN by J. M. Nesbit.
patent attorney, Park building, Pittsburgh, Pa.,
from whom printed copies may be procured for
15 cents each:
Channelling machines (2), William Prellwitz.
Easton, Pa., assignor to the Ingersoll-Sergeant
Drill Co., New York; 792,287 and 792,288.
The report of the secretary-treasurer of the Uni­
Mine cage, John Herzler, Henry Henninger and
William Fenner, Belleville, 111.; 792,330.
Coal or grain distributing apparatus, C. A. Turner,
Norfolk, Va.; 793,682.
Mining tool, W. J. Furbee, Watson, W. Va.; 792,-
891.
Mine curtain, R. J. Good and G. E. Hall, Canton,
Ohio; 792,893.
Wheel, E. M. Roberts, Ashland, Ky.; 792,929.
Discharger for coke ovens, Carl Schroeter, Chicago;
793,238.
Apparatus for discharging coke, Joseph De
Brouwer, Bruges, Belgium; 793,355.
Automatic mine door, O. W. Lundholm, Des
Moines, la.; 793,452.
Coke oven attachment, D. F. Lepley, Connellsville,
Pa.; 793,668.
Mine door operating device, S. T. Bailey, Mount
Hope, W. Va.; 793,813.

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
A novel proposition has been made to the Read­
ing railway with the view of inducing it to take
up the project of driving a tunnel through Broad
mountain, near Pottsville, Pa. The great cost
of the work, which would be fully $5.0(10,000, has
heretofore prevented the company from taking up
the work, but representatives of several towns
interested in pushing the work have declared to
the company that vast eoal measures would be
encountered in the tunnel, the marketing of which
would reduce the cost of the project by one-half.
The June output of coal from the New River
district of West Virginia shows a falling off of
over 43.000 tons compared with the may output
which was below the average. The coke loaded
amounted to 702 cars, a decrease of 100 cars compared
with the previous month. July promises an
increased output of both coal and coke.
Attorney General Ellis of Ohio, in an opinion
rendered to State Mine Inspector Harrison says
automatic doors in mines need no attendant.
"From my observation," says he, "I am of the
opinion that the automatic doors are so hung that
they are safe and provide perfect ventilation."
It is announced at the government coaling station
at Bradford, near Newport. R. I., that the
cruiser Pennsylvania established a record while
coaling there for her four-day's sea trip. She
loaded S48 tons of coal from four barges in six
hours and 20 minutes.
The highest price ever paid for coal, exclusive
of the surface, in Fayette county. Pa., was involved
in a deal at Uniontown on July 5, when
John R. Carothers bought from William L. Coff­
man of German township a tract for $l.SO0 an
acre.
The annual report of the Central Coal & Coke
Co. of Kansas for the fiscal year ended June 1 last
shows tne following financial results: Net income,
$984,353, a decrease of $551,742; surplus,
$493,265, a decrease of $493,SOS.
The Youghiogheny & Ohio Coal Co., of Cleveland,
has increased its capital stock from $300,000
to $1,500,000.
The United Mine Workers of Tennessee will hold
their annual convention at Knoxville on August 1.
GERMAN FEAR OF PUBLICITY.
The freedom with which publicity is courted and
trade information is given in this country by the
government, the daily press and by those engaged
in business forms a strong contrast to the meth­
ods in vogue in Germany. The chamber of com­
merce of Sorau, Prussia, recently addressed a
communication to the manufacturers and selling
agents of that district in which it warns them
against giving information of the condition of the
markets and of manufacturing interests in their
reports to the press, etc. The circular letter says
in part:
"The reports in our technical and trade papers
are most assiduously studied abroad, and by rep­
resentatives of our foreign competitors residing in
Germany, especially by the consuls of the United
States. The articles published in our journals
and trade papers should not state selling prices
of our manufactured articles, how their cost com­
pares with that of similar goods produced in com­
peting countries, of what ingredients the articles
are composed, wuat the tariff rates are, etc. Such
detailed descriptions, which often expose even
the secrets of manufacturing, form an excellent
weapon in the hands of our competitors and serve
to injure German business interests. All public
reports should refrain from giving details. The
chamber is careful not to mention such in its
annual reports. No complaints about bad busi­
ness should be published, as this is hurtful to our
export trade.
"We therefore beg of you to promote German
business interests by (1) Spreading this warning;
(2) abstaining from giving publicity to any de­
tails which should only be confidentially communi­
cated to the proper authorities; (3) uring this upon
your employes who may have intercourse with
newspapers, and (4) keeping your factories shut
to foreigners or strangers."
How do these German chambers of commerce.
which represent the manufacturing and commer­
cial elements of their country, reconcile this illiberal
spirit with the fact that Germany sends indi­
viduals, official delegates and even ministers of
state to the United States to inspect our factories,
trade schools, public institutions, etc., for the purpose
of obtaining knowledge and benefiting German
interests?
An explosion on July 5 in the mine of the Tidewater
Coal & Coke Co., near Bluefields, W. Va..
caused the death of five miners.

(CoNTINl ED FROM JlI.Y 1).
METHODS OF MINE VENTILATION; MINE
FANS, FURNACES, STEAM JETS AND
THEIR RELATIVE ADVANTAGES CON­
SIDERED.*
The arrangement of the cut-off is of considerable
importance. There are many engineers who
believe that a V-shaped shutter, sometimes called
the Walker shutter, is an indispensable adjunct
to avoid vibrating in the fan. We have heard
fans that pounded and vibrated so as to shake
the ground, and we have known this defect remedied
by introducing a shutter which was not
always a V-shaped shutter. This trouble may
be due to one of three causes: First, a lack of
proportionment in the fan. Second, a too rapid
and too large expansion of the spiral casing be
ginning at the point of cutoff. Third, abutting
the current against a flat surface, etc.
The velocity of intake at the central opening
or eye of the fan should not exceed 1500 feet per
minute. From this you will see that we favor
double intake fans. The velocity of the periphery
flow or the velocity of air in the spiral conduit
should be a uniform velocity when the casing is
properly expanded. This velocity measured at
the point of cut-off should at least equal the velocity
of the blade tips; or, in other words, the
sectional area of the spiral conduit should be such
that air will at least travel with the fan and not
fall behind it.
In endeavoring to point out some of the principles
that govern the proportions of fans used
to ventilate mines, and by working an example
or two, we hope to give some help to mining
men who are from time to time called to perform
the somewhat bewildering task of selecting
a fan for some particular mine. The formulas
that appear in text books or mining journals have
for their object the simplifying and mak'ng plain
the underlying principles of the fan, yet they are
so complex and complicated in character that the
ordinary mining student cannot grasp them.
Quoting Mr. William Clifford's views: Several of
our mining text books very clearly deHne the
law that resistance of the flow of air in a mine
increases as the square of the quantity or volume,
and this will be shown, as we proceed, to be
A LEADING FACTOR
in fan calculations. One of the simplest formula
and most easily to be understood and one which
has been unanimously accepted by mining engineers
tollows:
U indicates speed of tips of vane in feet per
second.
G indicates 32 2-10, the velocity in feet that a
falling body has acquired at the end of the first
second.
*By I. G. ltoby, of Uniontown, Pa,
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
.00125 equals the weight of a body of air whose
bulk of water weighs 1 -800th, the relative weight
of air and water commonly assumed in text books.
12 inches equals a foot; the water gauge being
read in inches, 62% Ios. being the weight of one
cubic foot of water; this divided by 12 equals the
weight of a square foot of water 1 inch deep, or
the weight of 144 inches of water.
The water gauge that would be produced by the
above equation of formula is not that which we
may expect to see in a fan drift, but is that oshich
would be produced if the fan and its surrounding
conditions were complete and in perfect adjustment.
The percentage utilized, which we
note reading the water gauge producing this equation
will give the manometric efficiency of our fan.
This efficiency varies in two ways; one depending
upon the mine, and one depending on the construction
of the fan.
Here I must extend my acknowledgment to Mr.
William Clifford for some very important information
and suggestions, which will follow
First: "We will note that the mine will not
allow the column the fan displaces to pass it, the
depression produced by the velocity of the tips of
the blades."
Second: "The fan may produce a false water
gauge higher than the true statistical gauge. High
manometric efficienty by no means of the mine
proves a good fan."
"Three properties in fans present themselves for
consideration, and, in my judgment, they are noted
in the order of their importance.
"(A) Volumetric efficiency, or what is often
termed in text books and mining literature generally
body output: this is the proportion or excess
of the displacement of the fan considered as a revolving
cylinder shown by the volume produced
by a fan.
"(B) The mechanical efficiency is the proportion
of the power applied to drive a fan that is
utilized in producing air and in overcoming resistance
in the mine and drifts, though we must
add in the resistance of the fan itself. (This notation
does not apply to the Capell fan).
"(C) The manometric efficiency is the proportion
of the force of the velocity of the tips of the
vanes considered as a fallen body utilized in producing
actual depression. In ascertaining volumetric
efficiency we take the whole cylindrical
contents, including the shaft and solid members
of the fan wheel and compare the displacements of
the cylinder through one revolution, or preferably
through one minute, with the column of air passed
during the period or time, with the displacement
as a divisor and the column as a dividend.
"It is suggested that in making calculations
the observer or experimenter should be particu-

48
larly careful to use the full cylindrical contents
of the fan as the volumetric efficiency will be abnormally
high on account of not using the full
cylindrical contents. All fans at low or no resistance
will put-out cent per cent, of their displacement
volume every minute, or every revolution
when run at proper speed, but in Guibal fans
proper and their many modified forms the diminution
of out-put is an inverse ratio somewhat
greater than the increase in the water gauge or
lesistance.
THE MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY
of the fan is obtained by carefully ascertaining the
power developed by the engine driving it, on the
one hand, and the power given out by the fan in
delivering air in the mine and overcoming resistance
on the other hand. The proportion these
two powers bear to one another is the mechanical
efficiency. Thus it is we have a plant in which
the engine developed 20 horse power and the fan
it drives gives 60,000 cubic feet of air per minute;
at one and 3-10 inch water gauge, this will give
a mechanical efficiency of 62.35. The indicated
horsepower of the engine is generally used in the
calculations of the fan's duty and gives results
against the fan by the amount of power used to
overcome the resistance of the engine itself, and
in the best constructed fans by the additional
power lost in transmission.
"One very important point in obtaining the
manometrical efficiency of the fan, is the placing
and reading of the water gauge and the notation of
other necessary observations at a point not less
than 20 feet from the inlet, if an exhaust fan and
whether an exhaust or blowing fan it should be so
placed that the pipe leading to the gauge be out
of the flow of the air, and not within the influence
of an eddy. Many eminent German authorities
place the gauge pipe in a recess and place over its
mouth several thicknesses of flannel in order to
obtain the true statistical gauge. Long pipes
and pipes of small diameter leading from fan drift
to gauges placed in offices or at distant points are
not to be recommended as friction or leakage may
render them unreliable. Under no condition
should a water gauge be placed upon the fan case.
A difference of as much as 400 per cent, has been
noted from this cause: the gauge showing higher
reading the nearer it is placed to the center. This
remark applies more particularly to single inlet
fans."
The manometrical efficiency of fans is found by
the gauge obtained in a preceding formula divided
into the gauge read, thus, by calculation a 10"
water gauge is obtained, and we note a difference
of 6 inches in the legs of the water gauge, then
the result obtained would show a manometrical
efficiency of 60 6-10 per cent.; manometrical ef­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ficiency is high in many fans which are low in mechanical
efficiency and still lower in volumetric
efficiency.
The practical application of the law and formula
enumerated above is to enable us to intelligently
select a fan for the duty to be performed, to blow
equal quantities through equal areas in equal
times. The pressure varies inversely as the
fourth powers of the diameters of the orifices, and
to prove the statement, let the quantity be 150,000
cubic feet of air per minute, and let the pressure
for an orifice 10 feet in diameter be 3 inches of
water gauge, then the pressure per square foot
required to blow the same volume of air per minute
through an orifice 5 feet in diameter is equal
to the fourth power multiplied by three inches of
water gauge, equaling 448 inches water gauge.
To obtain the best results from the ventilating
fan the depression necessary for the entry of the
air should, if possible, not exceed one pound per
square foot; hence the velocity should
NOT EXCEED 18 FEET PER SECOND.
for by formula where V equals velocity and P equals
pressure, the square root of the pressure multiplied
by 18 equals the velocity in feet per second;
then by using quantity the port of entry may be
found by the following formula.
Where Q equals quantity and D equals diameter
of the port of entry, .0343 a factor proven by experiments,
we have the following equation:
.0343 multiplied by the square root of the quantity
equals D. or in other words, the square root of the
quantity multiplied by .0343 equals the diameter of
the port of entry.
Then by the square of the volume obtained and
the resistance by which it is obtained, we are enabled
to calculate the dimensions of the fan we
want and what speed we must drive it to obtain
a desired larger volume. For the benefit of the
practical members present who have not had the
opportunities of an education, we will go through
the steps required to determine tip speed and
increased quantities. Suppose we have a fan
producing 72,000 cubic feet of air per minute at
1.75 inch water gauge, and we want to increase
that volume to 200,000 cubic feet per minute. Our
first step would be to find the water gauge due to
the increased volume. This may be found by the
square of the quantities and we find that if it required
1.75 inch water gauge to produce 72,000
cubic feet per minute, it will require
200
2x1.75=13.5
72
water gauge to produce 200,000 cubic feet per minute,
all other conditions remaining the same. In
our next formula we will show how to find the tip
speed from the water gauge. By an equation we

have the square root of the water gauge in inches
multiplied by gravity, divided by the weight of a
body of air whose equal bulk of water weighs one
pound multiplied by 12, there being 12 inches in
one foot, the water gauge being read in inches.
This product multiplied by 60 being the manometric
efticiency and that being reckoned at 60^ a value
probably not exceeded by the best types of fans:
13.5 w g x 32.2 gravity
.00125 x 12 x 60?
equals 219.8 feet perimeter speed per second.
The next consideration will be as to whether we
shall select a fan of small diameter to run at high
speed by belt or a fan of larger diameter at lower
speed, direct coupled. From observations we note
the universal practice in Western Pennsylvania
favors the larger diameter, while in Germany we
believe, the opposite is the case. Suppose that
for our fan in question to circulate 200,000 cubic
feet per minute we fix a maximum speed of 200
revolutions per minute. We then have 219.8 feet
per second tip speed, multiplied by 60 equals
13188 feet per minute, divided by 200 equals 65.94
feet circumference. This gives us a fan 21 feet
in diameter; knowing the diameter and area of
end of fan and number of revolutions, the next
step is to find the width. To do this the volumetric
efficiency of the fan must be known in order
to secure a correct solution to our final. In our
several steps in calculations with the Capell and
Robinson fans, 100 per cent, volumetric efficiency
may perhaps be very closely approached although
I understand that from actual test 140 per cent.
volumetric efficiency has been attained with the
Capell whue the other types of fans within
the scope of their gauges will give from 40 per
cent, to 70 per cent, volumetric efficiency. In this
case we find the high gauge necessary and we will
assume a Capell fan is used and its volumetric
efficiency is 75 per cent., then taking our factors,
200,000 cubic feet of air per minute, being required
at 200 revolutions, the speed at which it is to be
obtained, a fan 21 feet in diameter has been found
to do the work required, 21 x .7854 equals 436.36
square feet area of fan, and the width of fan will
equal two hundred thousand cubic feet divided by
the product of two hundred revolutions, multiplied
by the area of the fans, which equals three and
eighty-five (3.85) hundredths, width of fan.
And for a fan of double port of entry, the width
should be two hundred thousand, divided by two,
which will equal one hundred thousand, and width
of fan would equal in this case the square root of
100,000 multiplied by .0343, or 10.84, divided by 2,
equals 5.42 feet, width of fan.
Our observation in Western Pennsylvania is
that the fans have been built much wider than the
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
theoretical calculation has shown they should be.
This may be due to large airways and improved
methods of ventilation, etc., which would offer less
resistance to the passage of the air through the
mine, lower the water gauge, and thence the speed
of the ventilator; then the greater breadth would
keep up the volume, or the speed remaining the
same would very much increase the volume.
Centrifugal fans are used for blowing and exhausting.
Exhausting fans are most generally
used, as this system will allow the traveling and
haulage ways to be in the intake air-ways, although
advocates of the blowing fan are numerous.
So far as mechanical efficiency is concerned,
EXHAUST FANS ANU BLOWING FANS
are practically equal. The general principles of
each are the same except in reverse order. The
exhaust fan draws the air from the mine under
atmospheric pressure, and discharges it into the
outer atmosphere, while the blowing fan draws
from the outer atmosphere and discharges into the
mine above atmospheric pressure, ventilating pressure
in either case being equal to the difference of
pressure produced by the fan's action. The advantage
claimed for the exhaust fan, is. should a sudden
stoppage occur, we have a rise of mine pressure
instead of a fall, and the gases are driven
back into the mine workings for awhile. If the
fan is a blower and such a stoppage should occur
it is followed at once by a fall in the ventilating
pressure of the mine and the gases expand more
freely into the passage ways at the very moment
when their presence is most dangerous. This
point should be very carefully considered in the
ventilation of deep workings. In shallow workings
the blower fan has a decided advantage, especially
if there is a large area of abandoned workings
that have a vent or opening to the surface.
Every crevice becomes a discharge opening by
which the mine gases find their way to the surface
instead of drawing them into the workings as
would be the case with an exhaust fan.
Any change in the atmospheric pressure affects
the expansion of mine gases to a less extent in the
blowing system than in the exhaust system. The
area of the throat of the fan must be equal to the
area of the curve surface of an imaginary cylinder
whose diameter is equal to that of the port or
ports of entry.
The area of the point of discharge in an ideal
fan should not be less than eighty-one hundredths
of the area of the port of entry. It is, however,
true that a few fans will work satisfactorily where
this port is so large, but such fans cannot give best
results. When the area of the discharge port is
too much restricted the excessive pressure required
to blow out the air is much greater than it should
be. On the other hand, if the port of discharge is

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
not sufficiently constricted to meet other conditions.
there would be excessive vibrauons of the air in
the fan; therefore .81 is far above the average proportion
in many fans, but an ideal that should be
sought for.
Where fans are employed they should be placed
in such position as will tend to insure their being
uninjured by an explosion. They should be placed
at suitable distances from the upcast pit and put
in communication with them by an underground
drift, and adjusted and constructed with doors so
that in case of an explosion occurring they could
be quickly replaced and in very gaseous mines
should be in duplicate.
Coal Rates Declared Illegal.
In an appeal brought before the Interstate
Commerce Commission by the Capital City Gas
Co. of Montpelier, Vt, against the Central Vermont
Railway Co. and the Rutland Railroad Co.,
it was charged that the defendants made a joint
rate of 90 cents per ton on bituminous coal from
Norwood, N. Y., to Montpelier, Vt., for the use
of a connecting carrier, the Montpelier & Wells
River Railroad Co., said rate being on coal intended
for "railroad supply." On such coal, carried
between the same points, when used for manufacturing
or for any other domestic or industrial
use, the rate was $1.85 per ton. The Interstate
Commerce Commission holds that this constitutes
unlawful discrimination, and that the difference in
rate, is a violation of the interstate commerce act.
Ingersoll-Rand Interests Consolidated.
The Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Co. and the Rand
Drill Co. have been united into a new company
called the Ingersoll-Rand Co. The new corporation
was formed under the laws of New Jersey
with a capital of $10,000,000, of which $5,000,000 is
preferred stock and the remainder common. This
is a union of valuable patents and of expert engineers
of large experience in this special line of
work. It should be advantageous to purchaser
as well as manufacturer. Improved machinery
and better service will result. The factories of
the two companies are located at Phillipsburg,
N. J.; Easton, Pa.; Tarrytown, N. Y.; Ossining,
N. Y.; Painted Post, N. Y.; New York City, and
Sherbrooke, Quebec. They will all be operated.
The officers of the Ingersoh-Rand Co. are as follows:
President. W. L. Saunders, formely president
of the Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Co.; first vicepresident,
George Doubleday, formerly treasurer
of the Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Co.; vice-presidents,
Jaspar R. Rand, formerly president of the Rand
Drill Co.; John A. McCall, president of the New
York Life Insurance Co.; J. P. Grace, vice-president
of W. R. Grace & Co.; George R. Elder, general
manager of the manufacturing department;
treasurer, W. R. Glade, formerly secretary of the
Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Co.; secretary, F. A.
Brainerd. formerly treasurer of the Rand Drill Co.
For the present the main offices of the new company
will be located at 26 Cortlandt street, New
York.
FOR SALE.
Five hundred acres South Connellsville cok­
ing coal for sale; vein 9Vss feet thick, 212 feet
deep. Two railroads through the tract and sur­
rounded by 5,000 ovens in operation; 500 within
one hundred yards of this coal. Six shafts on
Analysis of Coal
Moisture, .32
Volatile
Matter, 33.08
Fixed Car
boa, 57.47
Ash, 9.13
Sulphur, .98
three sides within one quarter mile;
two shafts less than 200 feet from
this coal. One-half mile frontage on
Monongahela river. A fine grade
of coking coal. Inquire of
A. R. STRUBLE,
Masontown, Fayette, Co., Pa.
FOR SALE.
A-l condition, 60,000 lbs. capacity HOPPER
BOTTOM GONDOLA CARS. We had 1,500 of these;
have just sold 256, which have passed Hunt's
Inspection; balance for sale at low price; equip­
ped with Westinghouse Air Brakes; built accord­
ing to P. R. R. Standard Specifications; will stand
most rigid inspection.
If not as represented, will pay Inspector's ex­
penses.
Also have 18 practically new 80,000 lb. capacity
HOPPER BOTTOM COAL CARS. Wire us for prices.
A. V. KAISER & CO.,
222 bo. Third Street, Philauelphia.
FOR SALE.
Seventy-five acres of coal land in sight of Glen
Hope, Pa., and two railroads, viz: N. Y. C. and P.
R. R. Also 200 acres mineral right near
Lajose, Pa.; 30 acres of surface will be given
free. Both properties will be sold at a bargain;
owner leaving this state. Write "Dotts," Box 26,
Glen Hope, Pa.

REMBRANDT PEALE, PRESIDENT.
« «c
1 HE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
J. H. LUMLEY, TREASURER.
JNO. W. PEALE, GEN-L MANAGER.
No. J BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N. Y.
W. S. WALLACE, SECRETARY.
^
«i lin 9 ^
JZA. 1> JL JUL JSOL J~%. XJ JL JL JM
AND
EMINDUS
GOAL*
NORTH AMERICAN BUILDING,
PHILADELPHIA, PENNA.
>» >
o
E. E. WALLING, GEN-L SALES AGENT.
Km*
#

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
my
m
JAMES KERR, PRESIDENT. A. E. PATTON, TREASURER
i\ Jjeect) >eecr) (^reek \^ree. (^oal fe (^oke (^ O. H
PA m
PA No. 17 BATTERY PLACE, NEW YORK CITY,
m
a
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
PA
e
m
II PARDEE, PATTON, MOSHANNON AND ARCADIA COALS. PA
m
PA
OWNERS OF
Port Liberty Docks in New York Harbor,
PA
PA
PA
PA
Orders For Coal Should Be Forwarded To The
%$
BEECH CREEK COAL & COKE CO., - - 17 BATTERY PLACE, NEW YORK CITY. PA M
ALTOONA COAL & COKE CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
CELEBRATED DELANEY COAL,
AND
HORSESHOE COAL,
(MILLER VEIN.)
UNSURPASSED FOR ROLLING MILL USE. : : : : : A SUPERIOR SMITHING COAL.
MANUFACTURERS OF COKE. ALTOONA, PA.
(0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100 W0l00g0tt010l00000000000iM00ft
'
5 CHESTER D. SENSENICH,
~
PRES.
IRWIN FOUNDRY & MINE CAR
I
COMPANY 7
IRWIN, PA.
•* MANUFACTURERS OF
PA
PM

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
©16 Colony Coal 8, Coke Co.
Ikcsstone J6ullt>infl, ptttsburflb, pa.
ligonier Steam Coal
flIMnes
Ofioun&svtlk (Sae Coal
Conncllevilk Cofee.
Xtgonier, ff>a., IP. 1R. IR.
flDoun6svtlle, M. Da., 36. & ©. TR. IR.
PURITAN COAL MINING CO.,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
STINEMAN COAL MINING COMPANY,
SOUTH FORK COALS.
2 6 South 15th Street,
PHILADELPHIA.
OFFICES.
No. 1 Broadway,
NEW YORK.
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
SOUTH FORK,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
FAMOUS
TT
"ARGYLE"
SMOKELESS
O A
PENNSYLVANIA.

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
tf\
*~HPUY,
(INCORPORATED.)
LARGEST INDEPENDENT MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF STRICTLY
PITTSBURGH
THIN-VEIN PAN-HANDLE
COAL.
COMBINED DAILY CAPACITY 4000 TONS.
SHIPMENTS ARE MADE VIA PENNSYLVANIA LINES,S P. 4 L. E., ERIE, L. S. A M. S
AND TALL CONNECTIONS.
GENERAL OFFICES, CARNEGIE, PA.
L/a—
BELL PHONE NO., CARNEGIE 70.
ssj
LUHRIG
GOAL
MINES LARGE. NO SLACK. NO SLATE. NO CLINKER.
BURNS TO A WHITE ASH.
MINED ONLY BY
THE LUHRIG COAL CO.
FOURTH AND PLUM STREETS,
LONG DISTANCE PHONE ~ , _, _ . _. _. _ _. _ . . . _
MAIN 3094. CINCINNATI, OHIO.

,n
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
J. L. SPANGLER, j0Si H REILLr| Jos B CAMPBELL, fc/1
PRESIDENT. V- pREST. & TREAS. SECRETARY.
Duncan=Spang:ler Coal Company,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
"BLUBAKER" and "DELTA"
BITUMINOUS COAL,
AN A-NO. 1 ROLLING MILL COAL.
FIRST-CLASS FOR STEAM USES.
i OFFICES: j
1414 SO. PENN SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA. No. 1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK
SPANGLER, CAMBRIA COUNTY, PA.
r\s — IA
ACME COAL MINING CO
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
CELEBRATED
ACME AND AVONDALE
HIGH GRADE
STEAM COALS.
MINES:
SLIGO BRANCH B. & A. V. DIVISION OF P. R. R.
GENERAL OFFICES : GREENSBURG, PA.
L/l XJ

• r )G THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
—- —- —.—.—.—.—.—..
.. — . — * — .—.. — A
Atlantic Crushed Coke Co.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
LATROBE STEAM COAL
IENERAL OFFICES :
CONNELLSVILLE
FURNACE
FOUNDRY
CRUSHED
COKE.
- GREENSBURG, PA.
10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
\ LIGONIER COAL COMPANY, |
LATROBE, PA.
I H |GH G RaDE ^S TEflM ©* L I
____J
e©NNELLSYILLE C©KE.
United Coal Company
*• of Pittsburgh-Penna «*
MINES ON MONONGAHELA RIVER, SECOND POOL; PITTSBURGH & LAKE ERIE
RAILROAD; BALTIMORE & OHIO RAILROAD AND PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD.
New York Office .
Whitehall Building.
General Offices:
BanK For Savings Building,
PITTSBURGH, PA. PhiIadeIpnia office,
Pennsylvania Building.
Westmoreland Gas Coal
Youghiogheny Gas &SteamCoal

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
«""'"""'»"i"""!"""Mr!!!!!!!rH!r!!!i!!!!^l!!ni!!!M!!!ll!!!llll!!!lll!!!!!!!!!!!!!n!!!!!l!!!HI!!!!!!!ll!!!!!!ll!l!!!!!!M!!!!!"in!!!!!l!ll!l!!!!!!!ll!M(!!!!ll!!]!!l!!!ll!!!!!!!!!!!ltl^
| GEORGE /. WHITNEY. PRESIDENT. A. C. KNOX. TREASURER. =
HOSTETTER CONNELLSVILLE COKE COMPANY
HIGHEST GRADE
CONNELLSVILLE COKE
FURNACE AND FOUNDRY ORDERS SOLICITED.
FricH Building',
B BELL TELEPHONE. 696 COURT. ^ | ^ _ P I T T S D U I V G H , PA.
aiilllllillllliiiiiiiiiiiii»iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii»iiiiiiiiiiuiiii»iiiiiuiiiii»uii)»aii)uuiiiiiinuiiiii»iiiiiiiii»iiiiiiiiii»»iu»iiiiiiiii»»»uiiiiiii)»»»»»aiiiiiiiiii»»»»uiiiiii!!
* \
APOLLO COAL CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
APOLLO HIGH GRADE STEAM COAL
AND
JOHNSTOWN MILLER VEIN
COAL. GENERAL OFFICES: GREENSBURG, PA.
J. P. MURPHY, President. W. L. DIXON, Vice-President and General Manager. JAS. J. FLANNERY, Treasurer.
MEADOW LANDS COAL GO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
PITTSBURGH COAL.
Mines at Meadow Lands,
On the Panhandle Railway.
DAILY CAPACITY 1,000 TONS.
GENERAL OFFICES;
Farmers Bank Bldg., 5th Ave. & Wood St.,
PITTSBURGH, PA.

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
EMPIRE COAL MINING CO.
BELLAIRE, OHIO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
Famous Empire No. 8 Coal.
CAPACITY 3,000 TONS DAILY.
MINES LOCATED ON
C. & P. R. R., B. &. O. R. R. AND OHIO RIVER.
COMMUNICATIONS SHOULD BE SENT TO J. H. SANFORD, MANAGER, BELLAIRE, OHIO.
J " L
Greenwich Coal & Coke Co.,
Mines: CAMBRIA AND INDIANA COUNTIES.
Miners and Shippers of
"Greenwich"
Bituminous Coal.
Celebrated for
STEAM AND BI-PRODUCT PURPOSES.
GENERAL OFFICE:
Latrobe, Penna.

57>e
GOAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Vol. XIII. PITTSBURGH, PA., AUGUST 1, 1905. No. 5.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN;
PUBLISHED TWICE A MONTH.
Copyrighted by THE COAL TRADE COMPANY, 1903.
A. K. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STRAUB, Managing Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION, - - - - $2.00 A YEAR
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THE COAL TRADE COMPANY.
926-930 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh, Pa., as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
WHAT MAY BE MILDLY TERMED uncalled-for criti­
cism by disgruntled marginers of Pittsburgh Coal
Co. stock is brought to its quietus by a single
statement which THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN makes
on absolutely reliable authority. Referring to
the much-discussed contract of the company to
supply the United States Steel Corporation we
are enabled to affirm that the direct profits from
supplying the steel corporation's mills, railroads.
lake freighters and other possessions with their
fuel supply are sufficient in themselves to take
care of the Pittsburgh ^oal Co.'s bond interests.
The contract is on a profitable basis. Beyond this
it is patent that so gigantic a contract has a re­
markably steadying effect and enables the com­
pany to produce its coal at a minimum cost. In
mining it is the volume and the steadiness in the
operation of the plants that counts in the pro­
duction cost per ton.
Apart from the steel corporation contract reve­
nue, the Pittsburgh Coal Co., through its Hocking
Valley properties, priceless docking and distribut­
ing facilities on the lower and upper lakes, its
railway lines and thousands of railway cars, its
farms, surface land ownership, etc., has a legiti­
mate income more than sufficient to meet bond in­
terests. This leaves entirely out of consideration
profits from the operation of the company's mines
in the Pittsburgh district. Over its lake docks
the Pittsburgh Coal Co. handles the coal from all
fields that supply the Northwest territory includ­
ing anthracite, Pocahontas, West Virginia, Hock­
ing and other coals. These facilities, together
with other sources of revenue mentioned, outside
of the company's tremendous contracts with the
steel corporation and large railway consumers,
are therefore alone the means of meeting all fixed
charges regardless of whether or not coal is being
sold at little above the cost of production. Is
there any other concern in the Pittsburgh district
or any other field of which this could be said?
One of the great resources possessed by the
Pittsburgh Coal Co., which has been lost sight of
for the time being, is its 8,000-acre coking coal
tract along the Redstone branch of the Mononga­
hela division of tue Pennsylvania railroad. The
company is only developing this tract to feed
something upward of 600 ovens. Immensely valu­
able for coking purposes this tract does not begin
to be delved into for so trifling a group of ovens.
With this contract the company may either become
a strong factor as a coke producer or the coal
may pass out of its hands at a round profit to such
an interest as the steel corporation, the manage­
ment of which would be glad to entrench its cok­
ing coal possessions and operations in the Con­
nellsville region. This coal is far too valuable
to develop as a steam or gas product and such
practice would never be considered in face of the
fact that the Pittsburgh Coal Co. now holds nearly
a monopoly of the steam and gas coal of the Pitts­
burgh district which it is practical to develop.

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The company's holding in coal lands would be very
little reduced by disposition of this 8,000-acre
tract. leaving as it would upward of 150,000 acres
of coal so favorably located for railway outlet as
to permit of development, profitable in the fullest
sense. Competitors of the Pittsburgh Coal Co.
have been paying from $1,500 to $1,800 an acre
for contiguous tracts. This coal has been out­
stripping all other tracts in Western Pennsylvania
in accruing value whilst it lay in the earth.
The Pittsburgh district is a natural market for
a gigantic bulk of coal in the more than 150,000
acres referred to. Consumption in this district
must of necessity greatly increase in the near fu­
ture and from year to year for endless decades.
The gas supply is waning. It must now be
brought from distant fields. Almost yearly its
cost must be increased, destining its price to soon
reach so prohibitive a figure that it will no longer
be feasible to utilize it as an economical fuel for
our mills and factories and domestic use as well.
The Pittsburgh district is bound to not only hold
firmly its industrial supremacy, but to broaden
and foster it with its own coal the chief working
force. The Pittsburgh coal field is the district's
natural fuel supply and values are bound to grow
and grow year by year.
The directors in the Pittsburgh Coal Co. have
in our judgment acted most wisely in retaining
in its treasury the earnings in excess of require­
ments for bond interests and other fixed charges,
thus actually strengthening the financial condition
of the company in an off year instead of depleting
its treasury by the payment of dividends drawn
in part from previous years 1 earnings; and thus
by conservatism at this time bringing the company
nearer the full realization of its geographical and
other natural advantages. Competitors freely
assent and none will gainsay that the company
stands to-day with the greatest resources and pros­
pects of any bituminous producer in the world.
* * *
Or ALL THE FIASCOS ever made by labor agitators
and industrial parasites, that of Eugene V. Debs
and Daniel De Leon at Chicago, recently, deserves
the palm. These two flimflammers of honest work­
ingmen spent several months in concocting a
scheme to wreck the American Federation of
Labor and the large organizations affiliated with
it—particularly the United Mine Workers and the
Amalgamated Association. Their idea was to
drive every decent man outside of the pale of or­
ganized labor and turn what were left into social­
ists of the Most-Berkmann brand. They deluged
the industrial centers of the country with calls
and appeals and moved every spring they could
command to get together a nice little nucleus for
a permanent graft. They promised those who
would do homage to them conditions that would
put Utopia to shame. There was no inducement
too big to hold out. They had everything within
reach that down-trodden labor could have any use
for and were prepared to show their disciples how
they had been fooled by the leaders they had pre­
viously pinned their faith to. But the fish didn't
bite. Every journal in the country devoted to
the interests of labor warned the workingman to
steer clear of the Debs gang. Every intelligent
workman warned his less intelligent brethren, and
as a result, the section of the country east of the
Mississippi river didn't send a corporal's guard
of real workingmen to the convention. A few
thousand red-flag socialists were represented but
the bulk of the representation was furnished by
the Western Federation of Miners, who became
interested largely in the hope of doing something
to show their animosity to the United Mine Work­
ers. But they, even, could not stomach the doc­
trines of Debs et al. The result was that after
listening to as much as they could stand, they
proceeded to take the bull by the horns and for­
cibly suppress it. Debs, with an elephant on his
hands, was powerless and he and his associates
were forced to swallow the humiliation of seeing
every plan, idea and candidate for office brought
forth by them, overwhelmingly defeated. The
western miners gobbled the convention, Debs, De
Leon and all, though the latter were ultimately
rejected as being utterly indigestible. Verily, it
was a fitting end for the wreckers who originated
the scheme.
* * *
A STEP IN THE BIGHT DIRECTION, however belated,
is that being taken by many coal companies hav­
ing isolated mines, of paying by check instead of
with cash. Other industrial concerns, including
some important railways, are adopting the same
system which is the only safe and sane one. Ex-

perience is an expensive teacher, yet it is in her
school that the expediency of the check system
has been learned. The hundreds of thousands
in money and the lives of many faithful men that
have been lost in the old way of distributing
money among employes made a costly demonstra­
tion, but it seems that it was inevitable. It is
to be hoped that the murdering and robbing of pay
masters and the wrecking and looting of pay cars
will soon cease to be included among the daily
items of news.
* * *
ONE OF THE PROBABLE OOOD RESULTS of the agita­
tion over the shot firers' law in Illinois will be
the production, to a large extent, of better coal.
The operators have taken the position, and justly,
that the tendency toward a liberal use of powder
has gone unchecked so long that it has become
an abuse. Experiments have shown conclusively
that the two pounds or less of powder compre­
hended by the provisions of the shot firers' law
is all that is necessary in the majority of the
mines to throw down the coal properly. Too
much powder means too much slack and conse­
quently too much loss. It is an economic duty to
lessen loss wherever possible and every consider­
ation urges the coal operators of Illinois to main­
tain their position as far as it is tenable. The
miners contest the claims against the use of too
much explosive on the ground that it makes their
work harder. This, if true, can be readily ad­
justed, but there can be no remedy for coal un­
necessarily reduced to slack. Another point in
the matter, and which seems worthy of favorable
consideration by the miners, is the decreased per­
centage of danger in the lighter charges of pow­
der, ine reduction in the liability to accident
probably is not very great but it is something
and would doubtless mean fewer disasters in the
long run. At all events, the subject is an im­
portant one and it behooves both parties to the
controversy to make every effort to produce the
best possible coal in the safest possible way.
The total value of the mineral production of
British Columbia for 1904 was $18,977,359, of
which coal and coke gave $3,760,140, being exceeded
in value only by gold and lead. Of the
total mineral production to date coal and coke
gave nearly 25 per cent, of the value, leading all
other minerals.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 2M
DEMANDS OF MINERS OUTLINED AT
THE FIRST DISTRICT CONVENTION.
The views and aspirations of the anthracite
miners and the tenor of the demands they expect
to present to their employers next year were
clearly shown at the recent convention at Dunmore,
Pa., of the United Mine Workers of the
first district. President Nicho's reported the
membership at present was 24,153, there being
practically no increase during the year. Secretary-Treasurer
Dempsey reported that on June 30.
1904, there was a balance in the treasury of $17,-
585.71. and that during the year the sum of $56.-
000.91 had been received from all sources, making
a grand total of $71,586.92. The expenses were
$57,579, leaving a balance of $13,386.89. All of
the district officers and board members were reelected.
The anthracite conciliation board was attacked
in the convention but a resolution declaring
against it was defeated. A resolution declaring
that "the salaried board was sapping the life of
the organization without bringing any results,"
and calling for the dismissal of the eight salaried
members of the board as regular salaried officers
and that they be paid only for the time actually
engaged in attending meetings, was defeated by
a vote that was almost unanimous.
The system of examining candidates for mine
inspectors was denounced in a resolution which
was adopted, it being charged that the examining
board and not the people selected the inspectors.
The program of the miners for next year was
shown in a resolution which was passed, adopting
the following demands in connection with the contemplated
new agreement with the operators: An
eight-hour day; weighing of coal; uniform wages
for all hands; a uniform scale for rock, slate,
water and all dead work; an agreement between
the United Mine Workers of America and the
operators.
President John Mitchell, of the International
mine workers, addressed the convention on June
19. He said in part:
"Never have I felt more concerned about the
entire mining situation than now. I don't know
whether you fully realize what confronts us on
April 1 next year. Every miner will be without
a contract and every miner will be in a position to
demand what he wants. There will be no agreement
or arbitration to deter you. But while you
still have the liberty to make demands, the operators
will also have the liberty to make demands
on us. On every hand stockades and fences are
being built. Places are being filled with every
available pound of coal. They are not doing it
for pleasure. Indications are that they are preparing
to resist your demands or make demands
on you."

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Mitchell made a strong plea to those miners who
were not in the ranks to join immediately as they
could not expect to win unless they presented a
solid front. He looked forward to gaining the
eight-hour day. the weighing of coal and recog
nition of the union, but these demands would not
he conceded unless they were stronger in member­
ship.
"At no time within the past thirty years," he
said, "have the wage earnings of the miners been
as fair as they are now. It is true that some
are earning lower wages now than they had then.
but the average wage is much higher. But when
I say that the wages are high. I do not mean
by any means that I am satisfied, or that I want
you to be satisfied. If you were to get an in­
crease of 20 per cent, in your wage earnings tomorrow
I would still be asking for more. I be­
lieve that a high-paid workingman is better than
a low-paid workingman; a union workingman is
better off than a non-union man.
"Some fellows say what's the use of talking of
what took place five years ago or thirty years
ago? I think it is well to remember: Five years
ago you could not have met here. You would not
have dared to do it for there would have been
no work for your leaders the next day. Five
years ago you were getting 27 per cent, less in
wages than what you are getting at the present
time.
"In addition to this, you secured a decrease in
the price of powder, and practical abolishment of
the company store. Along with these and many
other improved conditions, the mine workers had
secured a positive recognition of the union,
through the conciliation board which guaranteed
a fair consideration of the grievances of the mine
workers.
"The recognition of the union is not all that I
could wish for. I would like such a recognition
as we receive in the bituminous regions, but it
is better than you have ever had before.
"The paramount question is the future. What
are you going to do next spring? Are you satis­
fied now? Do you think the operators are satisfied?
I believe they are not. Wages are not
stationary. They will either go up or down and
it is your choice to either have them raised or
lowered. If they are lowered it won't be our
fault; it will be yours. It will be due to the
neglect and carelessness of the men who did not
go to the trouble of paying their dues. Every
man should pay his dues. The companies would
prefer to pay lower wages and give you longer
hours and they could get along without your check
docking bosses who have decreased docking about
11 per cent.
"If you have a strong organization there will
be no necessity for a strike to sustain fair wage
conditions. You have the evidence that if you
had a strong organization in 1902 there would
have been no necessity of a strike. If you maintain
a strong organization in 1906 there will be
no necessity of a strike at that time. Our work
is not to create industrial disorder. A strong
organization is the greatest guarantee of indus­
trial peace.
"I give you final warning now. The day of
fate is approaching us. It is very near. Every
hour counts, and if you do not look around now
and see where you are at, I am afraid it will
lie too late for you later. March 31, 1906, the
day when the anthracite award expires will soon
be here. Much sooner than we expect it. Then
what are you going to do? Where will your
eight-hour day be? How will your union be
recognized as a contracting party? How are you
sure that your wages will not be reduced as well
as they were increased when you won the strike?
Do you know, friends, that the operators dislike
the union more now than they did even before the
great strike, and whatever harm they can possibly
do to you they will do it? All this, as I have
said many times, depends upon yourself. It all
depends on the question of how strong you will
be organized when the day comes around. 1
say again, that wages are not stationary. They
will either go up or go down—and if they go
down it will be your own fault. You alone and
no one else will be to blame. I, myself, were
I an operator, would not recognize you if you
came to me in the present condition, and I won't
blame the operators if they do not recognize you
next April. Remember, organization is the only
sure proof of success."
Mitchell concluded by making a special personal
appeal to the wives of the miners to urge their
husbands to pay up their dues and attend the
local meetings if they want to better their conditions.
Low Fares to Vermillion iLinwood Park) via
Pennsylvania Lines.
August 3rd. 4th, Sth, 10th, 12th, 16th, 19th,
and 21st, excursion tickets to Vermillion, Ohio,
afcount Religious Meetings, will be sold via Pennsylvania
Lines from Pittsburgh, Rochester and
intermediate stations. For information apply to
J. K. Dillon, District Passenger Agent, 515 Park
'uilding, Pittsburgh, Pa.
The Natalie Coal Co., Shamokin, Pa., recently
issued notice that its colliery, which has been idle
for over two years on account of a disagreement
as to its management, will resume operations,
work being furnished to 1,000 employes.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
PERSONNEL OF ABLE EXECUTIVE OFFICIALS WHO WILL MANAGE
THE NEW VANDALIA COAL CO.
When the new Vandalia Coal Co., with headquarters
in Indianapolis, effects its permanent organization,
probably within a few days or early
this month, it will start with a personnel of
executive officials of exceptional strength and
ability. Alfred M. Ogle, the president of the
company, has been a leader in the Indiana coal
trade since the early '80s. John McFadyen, the
vice-presklent and general manager, has had long
years of experience as the leading operating official
and head of important interests in Western
Pennsylvania and Indiana. Frank L. Powell.
treasurer, is one of the most successful bankers
of Indianapolis.
Closely capitalized, with most of the original
owners of the 26 mining plants along the Van
dalia road taking securities for the major portion
of their properties and thereby insuring a valuable
co-operation of all concerned, the future of
the company spells only success. After the original
options had been taken on the properties.
Messrs. Ogle and McFadyen spent months to
bring the valuations down to figures which would
insure a conservative capitalization. This done
John H. Jones, president of the Pittsburgh-Buffalo
Company of Pittsburgh personally inspected the
plants and his report which followed was a factor
in securing the immediate consent of Andrew W.
Mellon and Henry C. Frick to finance the com
pany through the Union Trust Co. of Pittsburgh.
Mr. Alfred M. Ogle was born at Washington
Court House, Ohio, August 31, 1S56, and began
earning his own living at the age of 14. In 1874
he passed the necessarily rigid examination to
secure an appointment as a cadet to West Point
military academy, where he graduated in 1879.
For flve years he was an officer in the regular
army, doing military service at a number of the
western posts. He resigned from the army in
1884, and engaged in the business of mining coal
on the Vincennes division of the Vandalia.
Mr. Ogle and his associates, Mr. Willard W.
Hubbard and the late Col. S. N. Yoeman, were
the pioneers in the Greene county coal field of
Indiana, and it has been through their efforts that
the Linton or the No. 4 vein of coal has become
so widely and favorably known. Mr. Ogle became
president of his company, the Island Coal
Co., in 1890, and has held that position up to
the present time. It is due to his efforts that
the Vandalia Coal Co. has been formed, and he
will assume the presidency of that company as
soon as it is organized for business.
Mr. John McFadyen. who is a Pittsburgher, was
one of tne prime movers in bringing about the
combination. Practically his entire business
career has been devoted to coal operations and
his years of successful experience mean much
in the future of the new company. For many
years Mr. McFadyen had charge of the fuel department
of the Cambria Steel Co. of Johnstown,
Pa., when it was the Cambria Iron Co. Subsequently
he was general manager of the Keystone
Manganese & Iron Co.. with headquarters at New
Orleans; the Hostetter-Connellsville Coke Co. of
Pittsburgh, and of the Puritan Coke Co., also
ALFRED M. OGLE.
He will be President of the Vandalia Coal Co.
operating in Connellsville region; president of the
Ligonier Coal Co. and of the Greenwich Coal Co.
both of Latrobe, Pa.; president of the Indiana &
Chicago Coal Co., Dugger, Ind.; vice-president of
the American Coke Co. and the Juniata Coke Co.,
of the Connellsville region, which are now the
property of the United States Steel Corporation,
having been underlying concerns of the American
Steel & Wire Co. Recently he has been president
of the McFadyen Coal Co., operating in the
No. 8 vein of Ohio, and of the Fort Pitt Coal &
Coke Co. of Pittsburgh.
Mr. McFadyen will shortly move from Pittsburgh
to make his permanent residence in Indianapolis.
Having been closely associated with

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
the industrial leaders of this community for so
many years his leaving Pittsburgh is a subject of
much regret attended by congratulations over his
promising new enterprise. The accompanying
picture of Mr. McFadyen is the first ever pub­
lished,
Mr. Frank L. Powell of Indianapolis the treas­
urer and chairman of the finance committee of
the new conipany, is president of the Capital
National Bank of Indianapolis and is a member
of an old family of conservative bankers engaged
in financial affairs in Indiana for nearly threefourths
of a century. Mr. Powell was born about
46 years ago at Madison. Ind.. and entered the
JOHN McFADYEN,
Who becomes Vice President and General
.Manager of the new Vandalia Coal Co.
National Branch Bank of that town, which his
father established 72 years ago, as a messenger.
He gradually went through all the steps of promotion
and under his presidency the bank's dividends
have been increased from 6 to 10 per cent.,
the surplus doubled and the bank placed in the
distinctive place of few such institutions of Indiana
with surplus exceeding capital. He established
the Madison Trust Co. of Madison.
During the hard times of '93 it was a matter
of comment that the conservative National Branch
Bank did not reduce its line of discount 0 , but
carried every customer safely through. Several
times he was sought to take the presidency of
banks at the Indiana capital but put off the offers
through his preference to retain his residence
with his family at Madison, but in June, 1904, he
accepted the proffered presidency of the Capital
National Bank, succeeding William F. Church­
man. The Vandalia Coal Co. is fortunate to se­
cure so masterful and successful a banker for its
treasurer.
Corrected from the list printed in the last issue
of THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN, the following are
the concerns and the number of mines owned by
each which are merged: Island Coal Co., five;
Johnson coal, Indiana Bituminous Coal, Zeller &
McCIellan Coal, Minshall Coal and Seeleyville
Coal companies, two each; Indiana & Chicago Coal,
Home Coal, Lost Creek Coal, South Linton Coal,
Island Valley Coal, White Rose Coal, Greenville
Bituminous Coal Mining, Ashville Coal, Enterprise
Coal, Raccoon Valley oal, New Linton Coal and
Sugar Creek Coal companies, one each. This is
a total of 26 mines operated by the 18 concerns
named and owning 29,000 acres of coal. The
bond issue of $3,000,000 is in 25-year six per cent.
gold bonds. The preferred shares, amounting to
$2,000,000, are a six per cent, stock and there is
a like amount of common.
INSPECTOR HARRISON URGES THE
REVISION OF OHIO MINING LAWS.
In his report on the coal industry for 19Q4,
Chief Mine Inspector George Harrison, of Ohio,
presents the following statement to Governor Herrick
in support of his plea for a revision of the
state mining laws:
"In submitting to you this report we would feel
ourselves lacking in our sense of duty if wfe
failed to call your attention to the necessity of
a very urgent need of a general revision of the
mining laws of the state, and the enactment of
more stringent measures requiring proper and
necessary discipline amongst all employes, and
more clearly setting forth the duties and respon­
sibilities of those in charge of mines.
"The numerous tables of figures given in this
report clearly show the increasing importance
of the mining industry in the state of Ohio, both
by the increase in the number of mines and
miners, the production of coal, introduction of
machinery into the mines, and, last but not least
in its importance, in the alarming and unnecessary
increase in the sacrifice of human life and
limb, much of which we believe could be avoided
without necessarily adding one single mill per
ton to the cost of the production of coal.
""Notwithstanding that 67.3 per cent, of the entire
production of coal of the state is mined by
electric and compressed air machines, and electric
coal hauling motors are in general use, there
is not a word in the laws governing the operation

of mines that has the least application to the
dangers of electric wires, mining machines or
hauling motors; in fact, the word 'electricity' or
'mining machine' is not to be found in the mininglaws,
which, no doubt, is attributable to the fact
that at the time the present mining laws were
enacted electricity in the mines was practically
an unknown experiment. Now the greater percentage
of our coal is produced from its use, and
the amount of machinery introduced in the mines
is rapidly on the increase yearly.
"Many lives have been lost by coming in contact
with live electric wires and by men being
wound into chains, cogs and machinery of coal
cutting machines and many limbs are sacrificed in
that way. We even have record of a case during
the year where a man was drawn into the machinery
of a chain mining machine, and could not
be extricated until a physician went into the mine
and amputated the limb. It is not necessary to
state that the man lost his life from the effects
of this terrible experience. The dangerous parts
of mining machines should not be exposed, but
should be shielded by some device; some of them
are shielded, but in nine cases out of ten those
who work with them are permitted to remove the
shields and uirow them away, because they are
a little troublesome to handle. The law ought
to require proper shielding of the dangerous parts
of mining machines, and it ought also to require
a safe and proper system of stringing electric
wires in any part of a mine where men are liable
to come in contact with them. Indisputable evidence
recorded in this office shows that a very
large per cent, of all accidents is due to the wanton
carelessness on the part of the victims themselves
and a want of proper diligence and performance
of duty of those in charge of the mines
which can be remedied by the enforcement of
proper rules.
"While Ohio has so far enjoyed immunity from
serious mining calamities such as have been the
misfortune of other states, caused by the reckless
use of blasting powder and resulting in coal
dust and smoke explosions with serious loss of
life, this department is in constant fear of such
a disaster in some part of the state where coal
is blasted off the solid, and where the most careless
and excessive use of blasting powder is indulged
in, and while every effort possible has
been put forth by us to prevent such calamities,
but little success has been attained, as there is
no specific law to apply.
"There is no other subject so worthy the attention
of the legislature in their duty of framing
and placing on the statute books proper legislation
for the protection of life and property as
that which the mining industry of to-day requires
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
if we would place ourselves in the spirit of development
and progress which the intelligence
and humanity of this twentieth century demands.
"To avoid conflict and unnecessarily take up
the time of the general assembly, we would suggest
the appointment of a commission on which
tne parties directly interested will constitute a
part and have full and equal representation for
the purpose of drawing up and presenting to the
next general assembly su< h measures as are
deemed necessary to meet the changed conditions
of mining, and more adequately safeguard life
and property.
"We are pleased to testify to the willingness on
the part of both operatois and miners generally
FRANK L. POWELL,
One of the Leading Bankers of Indianapolis,
Treasurer of the Vandalia Coal Co.
to do their part in this direction, and in the revision
of the mining laws, in the interest of both,
care should be taken to avoid inflicting undue
burdens on either, or to place the industry in
Ohio at a disadvantage with that of other states."
Sunday Special $1.50 Excursion
Allows 9% Hours in Wheeling.
Pennsylvania Lines A'cm Train.
Leaves Union Station 7 a. m. Central time, Sundays.
No stops between Pittsburgh and Wheeling.
$1.50 to Wheeling and return also sold Sunday
morning for 8.20 a. m. train.

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
CARNEGIE COAL CO. ABSORBES
CHARTIERS COAL C8, COKE CO.
Tbe Carnegie Coal Co. of Pittsburgh, operating
in the Panhandle field, has absorbed the Chartiers
Coal & Coke Co., of the same region. The reorganization
has been perfected as a close corporation
with a paid-up capital stock of $500,000
and the following officers elected: R. P. Burgan
of Carnegie. Pa., president and general manager;
J. T. M. Stoneroad of Pittsburgh, secretary and
treasurer; and George M. Hosack, the Pittsburgh
attorney, vice-president. These officers constitute
the directorate of the conipany.
This merger of the Chartiers Coal & Coke Co.
into the Carnegie Coal Co. makes ine latter the
largest producer in the Pittsburgh thin vein district
proper, outside of the Pittsburgh Coal Co.
The new company will operate its three most
economically equipped plants and owns 1,750 acres
of coal and 500 acres of surface property. These
properties are within five miles of each other and
all within twenty miles of Pittsburgh, in the Panhandle
coal fields, and have direct connection with
the Panhandle railroad. The annual capacity of
the reorganized company is one million tons, which
will be gradually increased.
The consummation of this deal recalls
the interesting story of the steady and
remarkable growth of these interests, which
started to develop the Carnegie mine at Camp Hill
near Carnegie a little over five years ago after the
plant had been abandoned by David Steen & Sons.
The Carnegie Co. was incorporated and organized
under the laws of Pennsylvania by the officers of
the present company at that time. It was when
the Pittsburgh Coal Co. was busily engaged in
perfecting its own organization. The plant had
been abandoned partly by reason of the death of
the senior member of the Steen concern. From
Chartiers creek to Fort Pitt, the front coal had
been worked out, but David Steen had wisely prevented
tbe drawing of the pillars in his main
tunnels leading to the back-lying coal.
This coal comprises an extensive block of the
grade which has made the Pittsburgh product
famous. Every modern and economical device
was installed by the new company and within
three months its coal was in the market. Three
years later the company purchased a desirable
block of coal between Midway and McDonald. The
farmers owning this had combined for a price,
Imt it was not an unreasonable one even at that
time. Attempts had been made by other interests
to break up this block, consisting of 1,000
acres of coal. The purchase also included 160
acres of surface property. This is being developed
as the Primrose mine, one of the best properties
in the country. Four years ago the Chartiers
Co. opened a small mine on Tom's run, the
coal body being near that of the Carnegie mine.
This mine was exchanged as part consideration for
the coal property between Oakdale and Noblestown,
on the Panhandle road, consisting of 500
acres of coal and 150 acres of surface property.
Developments started March 1 and coal is now
running over the new tipple at the rate of 1.000
tons per day. The Chartiers property also consists
of SOO acres of coal and 11 acres of surface
on the Cherry Valley branch of the Panhandle.
Messrs. Burgan and Stoneroad, tne majority owners
in the new conipany, have always given their
personal and direct supervision to the operation
of the properties and the marketing of the product.
This has wrought their success with a reputation
for coal in perfect preparation for their trade.
Fulfillment of all contracts to the letter has also
aided in broadening the markets of the concern.
As with every other coal producing interest low
prices have been met. but the company's policy
has been to allow its competitors to take all profitless
business.
THE QUESTION OF MINE FIRES.
In his recent annual report, Chief Mine Inspector
George Harrison, of Ohio, asserts that the
question of mine fires is becoming a very serious
one and commands the careful consideration of
operators and mine managers all over that state.
"Fires." he says, "originate from various causes
such as gas blowers being carelessly ignited,
paper and other combustible matter being left
burning after a shot has been fired; the disarrangement
and contact of live electric wires, spontaneous
combustion from bug dust, slack, bone
coal and sulphurous substance heated by accumulation
in the damp mines. There is one very
striking fact that mine fires generally take place
just after shooting time at night, or just afteF
the miners have left the mine for the day, which
strongly suggests the advisability that in all mines
of importance there ought to be a responsible
man go through all the working places as quickly
as the powder smoke and circumstances and conditions
will permit after shot firing has been done
and the men have left the mine, so that any fire
may be detected and not permitted to gain headway
for several hours or until the following
morning when it is almost beyond control, and
where the destruction of property, dangers and
cost of handling and extinguishing may prove to
be something serious."
The Durell Winslow Lumber Co., of Liverpool,
Eng.. has purchased several thousand acres of
coal and timber land in Breathitt county, Ky. A
railway will be built and mines and mills opened.
The property contains some fine veins of coal.

AUTOMATIC DOOR LEGAL IN OHIO.
In response to a request from George Harrison,
chief inspector of mines for the state of Ohio, the
office of the attorney general of that state has
transmitted an opinion confirming the legality of
automatic mine doors. Mr. Harrison summed
up his request in the following questions:
First: "Is an automatic door operated by the
traveling of mine cars which are always under
control of some engineer, motorman or mule driver,
a fulfillment of the requirements of Section
301, covering the question of doors in mines?"
Second: "If there is technical objection to an
automatic door in mines as provided in Section
301, has this department a right—in the exercise
of its discretionary powers given it in the sentence
beginning 'The inspectors,' and ending, 'remedied,'
in Section 292—to permit, authorize or advise the
use of automatic doors as main doors in mines?"
The following reply was made:
"In all mines, whether they generate flre damp
or not, the doors used in assisting or directing
ventilation of the mine, shall be so hung or adjusted
that they will shut of their own accord
and cannot stand open; and all main doors shall
have an attendant, whose constant duty shall be
to open them for transportation and travel, and
prevent them from standing open longer than is
necessary for persons or cars to pass through."
There is also contained in Section 292 of the
Mining Laws, this provision:
"The inspectors shall exercise a sound discretion
in the enforcement of the provisions of this
act, and if in any respect (which is not provided
against by, or may result from a rigid enforcement
of any express provisions of this chapter), the
inspector find any matter, thing or practice in or
connected with any such mine, to be dangerous
or defective, so as, in his opinion, to threaten or
tend to the bodily injury of any person, the inspector
may give notice in writing thereof to the
owner, agent or manager of the mine, and shall
state in such notice the particulars in which he
considers such mine, or any part thereof, or any
matter, thing or practice to be dangerous or defective,
and require the same to be remedied."
Since receiving this request, I have, in company
with the chief inspector of mines, visited one
of the principal coal mines of the state, and have
seen in operation the automatic doors referred to
in your request. While section 301 provides that
an attendant shall be placed at all main doors,
it also contains provision that said doors shall
be so hung, or adjusted, that they will shut of
their own accord and cannot stand open, and
designates as the duty of the attendant to open
those doors for transportation and travel. The
automatic doors used are not only hung and adjusted
so that they will shut of their own accord,
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
but are so arranged that they will open of their
own accord. This being true, wliere automatic
doors are used, there exists no necessity for an
attendant. The law does not intend a vain thing,
and, from my personal observation, I am of the
opinion that the automatic doors referred to are
so hung and adjusted that they will open and
close of their own accord, and that it is not necessary
to place an attendant at said doors to open
them. This question, however, rests in the sound
discretion of the mine inspector under the provisions
above referred to in section 292, and, if in
the sound judgment of the inspector, the automatic
door is better adapted for the ventilation
of air, and is less liable to injure occupants of
the mine, he has the authority to permit their
use. Very truly yours,
W. H. MILLER.
Asst. Attorney General.
SUNDAY CREEK MERGER COMPLETE.
The merging of the Sunday Creek Coal Co. and
other coal, railway and dock properties into a
combination taking the name of the Sunday Creek
Co. and controlling property estimated to be
worth $500,000,000, was completed in New York
on July 27. The companies included are: the
Sunday Creek Coal Co., the Buckeye Coal & Railway
Co.. the Ohio Land & Railway Co., the Continental
Coal Co., the St. Paul & Western Coal Co.,
the Boston Coal, Dock & Wharf Co., and the Kanawha
& Hocking Coal & Coke Co.
Tiie seven coal corporations thus combined own
properties scattered throughout Ohio and West
Virginia, and employing some 16,000 men. In the
consolidation leading officers of the various companies
drop out to make room for those who figure
in the reorganization, which becomes effective
to-day. The stockholders elected the following
directors: John H. Winder, president of the Sunday
Creek Co.. Columbus; C. W. Watson, president
Fairmont Coal Co., Baltimore; S. P. Busch,
vice-president and manager Buckeye Steel Casting
Co., Columbus; C. L. Poston, Athens, O.; E. A.
Cole, Columbus; H. H. Heyner. vice-presment, Columbus;
Alfred Hicks, president Allegheny Steel
& Iron Co., Pittsburgh: and Louis B. Dailey. of
New Jersey. The directors subsequently elected
Mr. Winder president and general manager of the
new conipany.
Excursion Fares to Detroit via Pennsylvania Lines.
August 14th and 15th, excursion tickets to Detroit,
account Imperial Palace. Dramatic Order
Knights of Khorassan, will be sold via Pennsylvania
Lines from all ticket stations. For full information
regarding fares, time of trains, route",
etc., apply to J. K. Dillon, District Passenger
Agent, 515 Park Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
SUMMER MEETING OF THE
WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA
CENTRAL MINING INSTITUTE.
The Western Pennsylvania Central Mining Institute
held its summer meeting at Pittsburgh
on July 18. There were no papers read and after
the business of the meeting had been concluded
the remainder of the day was devoted to an informal
discussion of subjects pertinent to coal
mining. Mine timber and its preservation was
tyhe rqost important theme of the discussion.
Francis Z. Schellenberg. of Pittsburgh, told of
the practical timber tests which the agricultural
- department of the United States government is
making in different parts of the country and that
he had received word that the department would
be glad to conduct tests of timber furnished from
this part of the country. Mr. Schellenberg spoke
of the importance of the subject and how too little
attention had been paid to the subject of the durability
and lite of timber under varying conditions.
The government has been making tests in many
parts of the country and the reports which have
been made and will be made on the results are of
practical importance to miner as well as builder
and contractor. President Frederick C. Keighley,
of the institute; Harry M. Stock, editor of
Mines and Minerals; C. B. Ross. Elias Phillips.
Thomas K. Adams, Secretary I. G. Roby, of the
institute, and others took part in the discussion.
In his address to the institute, President Keighley
reviewed the great events of the last six
months and made the point that the results were
due to unity and continuity of effort on the part
of those, who brought about, decisive results.
Applying this principle to mining he said:
"I have said before that the great battles fought
on land and sea were subordinate in their results
to the battles of the mine, the manufactory, etc.
All depends upon the feeling of confidence that
the other man will do his part. This is the principle
we will have to work upon in the future.
The time has passed forever when one man could
do it all. The mines of to-day are so extensive
that they cannot be operated successfully without
the faithful co-operation not only of the officials
but of the men themselves. Just as soon as we
can get our workingmen keyed up to the point
where they will feel that they are a part of the
whole, and that all are really working to one end,
labor troubles will disappear.
"To-day, the workingman has a tendency to
feel that his employer is his enemy, and the employer
has a tendency to think that he must be
at all times on his guard against defection and
opposition to his interests. This is all wrong,
and can be remedied and the late stirring events
in the east are indisputable proof of it.
"During the past six months some vexatious
things have occurred in the operauon of coal
mines. New regulations have been enforced. To
be more correct perhaps I had better state that
regulations heretofore not observed have been enforced.
These regulations pertain to the blasting
of coal and the measurement of air currents.
No one will dispute the wisdom of this action if
the conditions existing at the various mines are
duly considered. There seems to be a tendency
to enforce the regulations without due considera
tion of conditions, and as a natural cons?quence
the different interests go to the extremes instead
of taking the middle ground. It seems unfair
to make the safe mines live up to all the requirements
of a dangerous mine. This is not a nntter
for me to enlarge upon, but no doubt some of the
members of the institute will discuss this matter
as it is one of'general interest to the mine officia'.s
of the southwestern part of the state."
The following subjects for papers for the December
meeting of the institute were selected:
1. Electric vs. Compressed Air Drills.
2. Electric vs. Compressed Air Pumps.
3. What are the Three Essential Principles
Governing the Operation of Coal Mines?
4. The Application of Mechanical Conveyors to
Long Wall Mining.
5. Late Methods of Rib Mining.
6. Should the Present Mining Laws be Revised
and How?
BRICK STOPPINGS IN MAIN ENTRIES.
Chief Mine Inspector George Harrison, of Ohio,
in u.s annual report for 1S04, commends to the
consideration of all mine managers the necessity,
wisdom and economy of the use of brick or some
other hard material laid in lime or cement as permanent
stoppings between the intake and return
airways in all main entries, and more especially
so in all new mines. He says:
"The old method of closing breakthroughs with
lumber and by building slate and bone coal walls
and filling in with fine coal ought to be an out
of date system, if for no other reason than the
continual cost of keeping them in repair, to say
nothing of the annoyance they cause in permitting
leakages of air and a great source of danger by
feeding, fanning and fostering the rapid spread
of mine fires of every description, when the brick
stoppings will produce the direct opposite result,
and be both a powerful medium in preventing the
spreading of fires and a great source of safety and
protection in fighting them."
An explosion of fire damp at Anderlues, Belgium,
killed 14 miners and injured many more.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
THREE-WIRE SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION APPLIED TO COAL MINES.
By (ieorge R. Wood, Consulting Electrical Engineer for New River & Pocahontas Consolidated Ooal Co.
The contract for an electrical mining plant of
more than ordinary interest to operators was
closed in Pittsburgh recently. The New River &
Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Co., an offshoot of
the well known Berwind-White interests, recently
purchased from Col. W. P. Rend of Chicago a large
body of New River field coal, with four well-developed
operations, known as the Rend mines Nos.
1 to 4, located near Thurmond, W. Va., on the
Chesapeake & Ohio R. R. An electric power
plant is now operating in connection with these
mines, but it was desired to largely increase the
present output and probably to open an additional
mine or mines in a lower vein. The present electrical
power is supplied for mining machines,
haulage locomotives, fan and pump motors at 275
volts pressure, a most satisfactory potential for
mining work, in view of its safety to mine workmen,
as we'.l as the lower repair costs of mining
Cert, Irt Strits.
f,Sn- X- ^7Xv.
SS-o »..
Th G,«
Diagram Showing Mithod of Connection of Two Cenerators in Service and Connections
of the Single Three-Wire Machine.
machinery. Many mining plants, particularly
among the older operations in the Pittsburgh district,
are operated at 550 volts pressure, which is
that in general use on street railway work. This
is on account of the great saving in transmission,
the copper costs at 250 volts being four times as
great, at same percentage of loss in line, as with
500 volts.
In deciding on the pressure to be employed in
the operation referred to, an additional factor was
the large amount of 250-volt apparatus now in use,
including 17 mining machines and six locomotives.
This apparatus would have been expensive to rewind
for 500 volts, and the output of the mines
would probably have suffered in the meantime.
At the same time, the extent of the field would
ultimately make the operation at 250 volts an
extremely expensive one, running the estimated
copper cost over $50,000.
Under these conditions, the three-wire system of
distribution was favorably considered by the company's
consulting electrical engineer and the contract
awarded for three 300-K. W. 575-volt 3-wire
generators, with complete switchboard, generators
to be driven by cross-compound engines at 150
r. p. m.
The three-wire system is in use to a limited extent
on street railway systems, and in many lighting
installations. As ordinarily used, two generators
of the working voltage are connected in
series, with a third or neutral wire taken off between
the two generators. Motors or lights, as
the case may be, are connected between the neutral
and either outside wire, care being taken to balance
the loads on the two sides as nearly as possible.
With generators in se­
ries, the potential between
outside leads is double that
of the single machine, and
since with balanced loads
there is no current in the neutral,
this lead may be of
small capacity. With balanced
loads, therefore, the
system affords, in the case
under consideration, 550-volt
transmission to 275-volt apparatus.
In practice, of
course, the neutral wire must
be sufficiently large to carry
considerable momentarily unbalanced
load, but even In
tnis case the cost of copper
amounts to not much more
than one-third the amount on
straight 275-volt distribution.
A comparatively recent development renders unnecessary
the operation of two generators in
series, thus simplifying the system and reducing
cost of operation, particularly at light loads, and
the plant described will be equipped with standard
generators operating at 575 volts, with a neutral
wire derived from balancing coils, connected to
proper points in the armature winding. The accompanying
sketch shows the method of connection
of two generators in series, also the diagram of
connections of the single three-wire machine. The
balancing coils are external and entirely independent,
being connected to generator through slip
rings at end of commutator. With brushes raised
from slip rings, the generator is in every respect
a standard railway type machine.

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The equipment purchased for the Rend mines
has balancing coils designed to carry continuously
loads unbalanced to the extent of 50 per cent., or
even higher proportions temporarily. It is expected
to keep the unbalancing much below this
figure, probably within 25 per cent. Two wires
will be carried into the mine, while the third wire
or neutral will be grounded to the track rail. The
potential between either wire and the ground will
therefore not exceed 275 volts, and locomotives.
machines, etc.. will be operated between either
wire and the rail. The two wires, between which
the potential is 550, will be carried at opposite
sides of the entry, so it will be difficult or impossible
for miners to make contact across these
wires.
With such a double circuit in each of the four
mines, the total load will be carried by eight approximately
equal feeder circuits. The feeder
switches will be double throw, so connected that
any feeder may be transferred from one side of
neutral to the other, should this be found necessary
at any time to aid in balancing the circuits.
Three-wire generators, of the type described,
are in operation in a number of lighting plants,
with incidental power circuits. The Oliver power
plant, in Sixth avenue. Pittsburgh, is a notable
example. The application of this system to mining
work is, however, a new departure, but it is
believed that it is destined to become a very valuable
feature in the development of mining properties
of large acreage, with correspondingly long
power transmission lines under ground.
GOOD RESULTS FROM MINES
WORKED BY CONVICT LABOR.
Chief Mine Inspector J. M. Grav, of Alabama.
has prepared a report on a personal examination
of the convict mines at Flat Top. Among other
things the report says:
"The company broke all previous records last
month on coal production. I was very proud to
hear this, owing to the fact that tne system of
shooting had been changed two or three months
ago and it has not only increased the production
per man, but has made the condition of the mine
better. I believe it will reduce the number of
accidents from falling rock and coal, and beyond
the question of a doubt it has removed the liability
of a magazine explosion. The bottom entries are
being driven narrow and eye holes four feet by
ten feet by twenty feet cut in the pillars to store
the rock. This makes the entries look very clean
and neat. It also lessens the labor of the convicts
as they only have to build a wall four feet
high whereas by the old system they had to pile
it up six to eight feet high and it was very hard
work to lift or pitch a heavy piece of rock so high.
The mine at present is damp and there is no dust
in it to amount to anything, and there is but little
inflammable gas being given off. At the mine they
have a very strict and exacting discipline among
the men concerning shooting and handling of the
powder and dynamite. The managers in and at
the mines as well as the higher officials of the
state and company, are very prompt in carrying
out orders from this department and justly deserve
credit due them for the excellent condition of the
mine."
The Sloss-Sheffield Sleel & Iron Co. operates the
mines.
EFFECTS OF MINE STRIKES ABROAD.
The recent strike of miners in Belgium and
Germany has materially increased the British coal
exports, but the British exports to Belgium increased
only 24,000 tons, which is accounted for
by the large supply of coal on hand in Belgium at
the commencement of the trouble. Over 100,000
miners were on strike in this country for a considerable
time, and those in the Charleroi and
Borinage districts were idle much longer. It is
estimated that the coal supply in Belgium was at
least 1,000,000 tons when the strike was ordered.
A coal famine might have been feared h?d not
some 60,000 miners remained at work. The
French coal dealers profited considerably by the
strike, and had their supply not been already reduced
by shipments to Germany their export
would have been larger to the Belgian market.
England found her most lucrative field in the
Netherlands. In the first quarter in 1904 England
shipped to that country 193.459 tons of coal,
and in the first quarter of 1905, 843,346 tons. Feb
ruary registered the greatest increase, the total
shipments in February, 1904, being 68,906 tons,
against 483,745 tons in the corresponding month
of 1905. The Westphalian mine owners have
lately entered the field against the British dealers
and have cut into their trade materially, having
secured the contract for The Hague gas works and
two-thirds of that for the work at Rotterdam.
The British estimate of their coal exports to Belgium,
Germany and the Netherlands for the first
quarter of 1905 is 1,500,000 tons in excess of that
for the first quarter of 1904. The export, however,
to all countries shows an increase of only
500.000 tons, demonstrating that while the British
dealers are improving their trade in the countries
named there are decreased sales elsewhere.
Excursions to Colorado For Eagles Grand Aerie
August 11th and 12th.
via Pennsylvania Lines. Special low fares to
Denver, Colorado Springs or Pueblo. For information
about stop-overs, routes, etc., apply to J. K.
Dillon, District Passenger Agent, 515 Park Building,
Pittsburgh, Pa.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
THE PULSE OF THE MARKETS.
» • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • - - - - - - - - , I l . l l . l t T
The generally dull industrial conditions which
are to be expected at this time of year are reflected
in the coal trade. The market, however,
while apparently lifeless and almost featureless,
is by no means so dead as it seems and an early
awakening into activity may be expected at least
in many quarters in which a distinct dulness
now prevails. Although the effects of excessive
production are manifest throughout the central
and western states and price slashing has been
indulged in to some extent, the early resumption
of the iron and steel plants which are about
through their slack season will materially change
the aspect of the coal market. Lake shipments
will likely snow an increase in volume from now
until the close of the season. There has been
much talk of this trade being largely diverted to
the Illinois and Indiana producers but there is
little ground for expecting such a shift. The
question of quality must always be a prime consideration
and until the fields of these two states
can offer at a given point the same fuel value for
each dollar as its eastern competitors the latter
will never be driven from the market. A notable
instance in support of this is provided by the
Chicago market. Throughout the last year it
has for the most part been overcrowded with soft
coal. During practically the whole of this period
Illinois and Indiana coal has been a drug in the
market while eastern coals, notwithstanding their
long haul and the relatively higher expense of
putting them down at the point of delivery, have
always been in fair to brisk demand. The utter
stagnation that has prevailed recently in Chicago
and the western market generally is showing signs
of coming to an end. Steam sizes are in better
demand and a better tone is showing all around.
At Cleveland there has been little if any improvement.
Prices, however, remain firm. Some increase
in the demand for three-quarter coal is
noted. In the southwest the old condition of
being overstocked continues and considerable cutting
of prices is reported. In the extreme south
there is little doing but the outlook is improving
in view of the preparations to make New Orleans
an important center of the export trade. In the
industrial section of the south conditions were
never better. Despite the season and the general
situation the production of coal is being
steadily increased in this section and the demand
is fully up to the supply. Conditions in Ohio and
West Virginia, which have not been good for some
time, are showing some improvement and the
general outlook is regarded as being more cheer­
ful. In the Western Pennsylvania district there
has been a considerable curtailment of output,
due to various factors but mainly to industiial
conditions. The river shippers were disappointed
in their hope of a July rise. About 1,000,000
bushels were sent south on the crest of the brief
high stage the middle of the month. Price quotations
remain on a basis of 90 cents to $1.00 for
run-of-mine, f. o. b. mines.
There has been a slight stiffening in the price
of coke but no particular change in market conditions
has occurred. The production of the Connellsville
field took on a spurt about the middle
of the month but the output has again fallen off.
Consumers continue apathetic regarding last quarter
contracts and producers show no anxiety to
force the market into activity. Upper district
furnace is quoted at $1.80 to $1.90 for third quarter
delivery, with last quarter twenty to thirty
cents higher. No. 1 foundry remains at $2.40 to
$2.50.
Considerable improvement is shown in spots in
the eastern soft coal market. A few operators
have large tonnages moving on current business.
This is due to individual effort on the part of
those who hold large season contracts. All
grades of coal show the result of the midsummer
dulness. The low prevailing freights on ocean
transportation are helping the trade to dispose of
part of its tonnage, since some shrewd consumers
are taking advantage of the low rates and are saving
probably 25c. per ton under the charges that
will prevail later in the fall. Trade in the far
east is taking on a fair tonnage, and many of the
shoal-water and out-of-the-way points are cleaning
up a large proportion of their contracts at considerably
reduced freights, vessels and coal being
now in abundant supply. Trade along the sound
is quiet. Trade in New York harbor is also quiet.
All-rail trade seems to be fairly strong. Shipments
continue practically unchanged in volume
and prices remain firm, with possibly a slight reduction
here and there in order to take business.
Car supply is up to demands, but transportation
is a little slow.
The hard coal market is more than usually dull.
In most of the offices the greatest quietness prevails,
with little business apparently being transacted.
The steam sizes are particularly slow, although
their prices have not yet been affected.
These conditions prevail throughout the country.

-40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
In Chicago and throughout the west the volume of
business in hard coal is lower than for some time.
The lake trade remains about normal.
Hull, Blyth & Co., of London and Cardiff, report
the market a little easier, but owing to a strike at
one or two mines and a disaster at another, prices
are likely to be maintained around about the present
figures: Best Welsh steam coal, $3.36; seconds,
$3.18; thirds. $3.06; dry coals, $3.00; best
Monmouthshire, $2.88; seconds, $3.00; best small
steam coal, $2.28; seconds, $2.16; other sorts, $1.92.
THOMAS F. O'GARA HEADS
ANOTHER LARGE COMPANY.
The O'Gara Coal Co. of New York City was incorporated
at Albany, N. Y., on July 22, with a
capital of $6,000,000. The directors of record include
Thomas F. O'Gara, L. W. Walsh, Arthur
Knowles and W. A. Brewerton of Chicago, and
James Kerr of Clearfield, Pa. The new company
will own and control 50,000 acres of coal land in
Saline county, 111., all of which is under option at
present. In addition it has secured options on
the fourteen operating mines in the Harrisburg
district of Illinois. Negotiations have been closed
on part of these mines, and they will be taken
over as soon as the preliminary investigations have
been completed. The new company will be operating
all of the mines now under option before
the end of the present year and will have a daily
production of between 12,000 and 15,000 tons of
coal, or a total production annually inside of the
next twelve months of 3,000,000 to 3,500,000 tons
of coal.
The capital stock of the new company will be
controlled by Thomas J. O'Gara of Chicago, one
of the most prominent coal operators in the west.
Mr. O'Gara is also president of O'Gara, King &
Co., of Chicago, and is the owner of that corporation.
The mines on which options have been taken include
every operation in the Harrisburg field,
which is located in Saline county. If all these
mines are finally taken over by the new company,
and it is probable they will be, the corporations
absorbed by the merger will be as follows: the
Eldorado Coal & Coke Co., the Harrisburg & Big
Muddy Coal Co.. the Egyptian Coal & Coke Co.,
operating two mines, known as No. 1 and "No. 2;
the Harrisburg Mining & Coal Co., the Gas Coal
Co.. the Ledford Coal Co.. Carriers' Mills Coal Co.,
the Eldorado Coal Co.. the Diamond Coal Co., the
New Coal Co., the Clifton Coal Co.. the Morris Run
Coal Co.. and the Davenport Coal Co.
E. G. Scoville, a grain and coal dealer of Stoddard,
Neb., has given a bill of sale.
PITTSBURGH COAL DIVIDEND PASSED.
Dividends were passed by the Pittsburgh Coal
Co. and the Monongahela River Consolidated Coal
& Coke Co. at their meetings on July 18. Following
the meeting of the River company, President
Robbins gave out the following authorized statement
of the board:
"There was a loss in the earnings of the company
in operating its plants from November 1,
1904, for a period of four months, which loss was
caused by the unusual conditions existing in navigation,
the rivers being frozen for a period of over
three months, rendering- almost impossible the
operation of its plants and the navigation of its
steamboats, but during the next succeeding four
months this deficit was entirely wiped out, and,
estimating the earnings for the month of June, a
net gain of $300,000 has been made covering the
period from November 1, 1904, to July 1, 1905.
Notwithstanding, it is considered advisable by the
board of directors to defer action on the dividend
at this time."
The passing of the River Coal dividend cut the
earnings of the Pittsburgh Coal Co. and practically
made certain a similar movement by that
company. The earnings of the company for the
last quarter were as follows:
April, $165,317.28; May, $209,238.60; June, part'y
estimated, $200,000. This makes the total $574,-
555.88. From this is deducted the bond interest
for the quarter, amounting to $304,550, leaving a
net earning of about $270,000. The dividend
would require about $60,000 more than this, and
in view of this fact, it was deemed advisable to
withhold the quarterly dividend at this time. A
meeting of the directors of the Pittsburgh Coal
Co. has been called for to-day at which a detailed
statement of the operations of the corporation
and its underlying companies during the last half
year will be presented. This statement probably
will be submitted to the stockholders of record.
Baltimore's Coal Shipments By Water.
The total shipments of coal from the port of
Baltimore during June by the Consolidation Coal
Co. and its allied properties, the Somerset Coal Co.
and the Fairmont Coal Co., were 97,488 tons, or
almost a record for any similar period. Of this
tonnage the Consolidation Coal Co. sent coastwise
44,027 tons; exported to the Philippines 8,561 tons,
chiefly for the use of the United States naval vessels
at Cavite; for harbor use 17,782 tons were
used, while vessels coaling here took 6,969 tons.
The Somerset Coal Co. shipped coastwise 7.686
tons; for harbor use it supplied 7,336 tons, and
vessels coaling took 1,277 tons. The Fairmont
Coal Co. exported to Vera Cruz 3.850 tons during
the month.

LABOR AGENT GIVES FIGURES
ON COST OF ALABAMA STRIKE.
Testimony was given before a hearing of commissioner
of license and heating in New York City
to the effect that the United Mine Workers of
America had spent more than $1,500,000 in an
effort to win the strike which began in the bituminous
coal mines of Alabama and Tennessee
a year ago. The statements were made by General
Labor Agent Dewitt of the Tennessee Coal,
Iron & Railroad Co. Dewitt asserted that the
union contributed an average of $1,000 a day for
the maintenance of the members of the local
unions in those two states, and that in addition
to the $365,000 spent by the organization, the
union had expended $26,000 within the last three
months for railroad tickets to enable new men to
return to their homes. The statements made by
Dewitt were brought out in hearing complaints
against two large employment agencies in the
city, which have been engaged in obtaining men
for the mines. The charges against agencies are
to the effect that they engaged men and sent them
to the south under false pretense, restraining
them on the trains en route against their will.
One witness was the wife of a machinist. She
told of being locked in with her husband and a
carload of other men. who broke the windows of
the coaci at Birmingham. Ala., and made their
escape.
;>! COAL TRADE CASUALTIES. ;
Night Mine Manager Caldwell was killed in
Joseph Leiter's Zeigler mine on July 17. Owing to
a defect in the cages of the main shaft he was
compelled to come to the surface by the stairway
in the air shaft. When half way up, it is supposed,
he lost his balance and fell to the bottom.
—x—
An explosion of dynamite at the storage powder
house at the mine of the West Riverside Coal Co.,
near Des Moines, la., on July 19, caused the
deaths of six workmen and the destruction of
$100,000 worth of property.
—x—
During an electrical storm on July 19, lightning
struck the big new breaker at the Pine Brook
colliery, near Scranton, Pa., and set it on fire.
The breaker was rebuilt less than a year ago. after
being destroyed.
—x—
An explosion of gas in the engine house at the
Ohio River coal tipples at Parkersburg, W. Va.,
on July 17, caused a fire which destroyed the tipples,
entailing a loss of $5,000.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
The coal tipple, power house and several small
sheds of the Pittsburgh Coal Co.'s mine at Morgan,
near Bridgeville, Pa., were burned on July
27, causing a loss of about $5,000.
—x—
The wreckage of an engine and eight coal cars
near Norristown, Pa., completely tied up the Reading
railway main line on July 16. The property
loss was $100,000.
•—x—
Fire recently damaged the plant of the Wenona
Coal & Mining Co. at Wenona, 111., to the extent
of $20,000 or $30,000 and threw 325 people out of
employment.
—x—
The coal tipple and other buildings at Junior,
W. Va., owned by the Davis Coal & Coke Co., were
burned July 21; loss, $30,000.
—x—
The store and offices of the Deanefield Coal Co.,
at Deanefield, O, were burned recently causing a
loss of $9,000.
$ CONSTRUCTION and DEVELOPMENT. K
The Star Cahaba Coal Co. has begun opening
a new mine near Parkwood, six miles east of
Bessemer, Ala. Preparations are being made to
build a number of houses and to make other improvements
necessary to a mining town. A line
will be constructed from the Louisville & Nashville
railroad to the mines in the immediate future.
It is estimated that the mines will be
turning out coal in about a year's time. Its daily
capacity will be about 1,000 tons and it wilt employ
between 400 or 500 men.
1
The Westmoreland Coal Co. has just finished the
largest exhaust fan in the Irwin, Pa., field at its
Shafton mine. It is driven by a 40-horse-power
engine. At its Export mine work has been started
on a steel tipple that will serve its two mines so
that five cars on as many tracks can be loaded at
one time. The improvements will cost about
$100,000.
—+—
The Braznell Coal Co., which recently took up
a large tract of coal territory in the Bentleyville
district in Washington county, Pa., is preparing
to operate its holdings. A corps of engineers has
located the tipple for the new works. This tract
was taken up about two months ago by the Braznell
company, and contains about 425 acres.
—I
The Riverview Coal & Coke Co. has let the contract
for the immediate erection of 200 additional
ovens at its plant along the Monongahela river
above Masontown.

.2 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
HEAVY INCREASE SHOWN IN
RAILROAD COAL TONNAGE.
Something of the enormous increase in tonnage
statistics of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, as
they will be shown in the next annual report in
eomparison with tonnage figures of last year, may
be seen in the increase of 8 per cent, in the coal
tonnage handled by the system's lines and in an
increase in coke tonnage of 24 per cent, from the
Connellsville district. These percentages are
based upon the figures given for the period of 11
months from July 1. 1904. to May 31. 1905. Further
than this, there is a notable increase shown
in the Pennsylvania railroad and the Norfolk &
Western coal tonnages of bituminous coal an

)• SOME LABOR NOTES. •
National Secretary-Treasurer W. B. Wilson, of
the U. M. W. of A., in a signed statement to the
anthracite miners denies the charge that part of
the relief fund raised for the support of the anthracite
miners in the strike of 1902 was diverted
from its original purpose. He says the miners
have in the national treasury over one million
dollars and that national officers have the right
and will exercise it to utilize the money to support
any strike that in their judgment ought to be
supported.
* » *
The Montevallo Coal Mining Co.. operating
mines in Shelby county, Alabama, has signed the
agreement with the officials of District 20 of the
United Mine Workers of America. For the last
three years a strike has been on at the place, the
company refusing to sign the scale of wages, or
recognize the union. The company recently
changed hands and the new officials signed the
scale, agreed to recognize the union and work will
be resumed with 200 union miners.
* * *
The new law prohibiting the employment of
boys under the age of 14 years in the coal regions,
which goes into effect shortly, will have little influence
on the coal companies in general. Despite
the fact that it is generally believed that the law
was aimed at coal mining operations, its effect will
amount to practically nothing in this direction
because the employment of boys has been almost
wholly done away with in recent years.
* * *
Some 75 puddlers in the Youngstown, O., district
are contemplating breaking away from the
Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers
and forming a new organization of puddlers.
The dissatisfaction is due to the failure of the
association to call off a dead strike and to relieve
working union puddlers of sharing their employment
with the strikers.
* * »
Another misunderstanding has resulted in a
stoppage of work at the Morris Run mines in
northern Pennsylvania. It is understood that the
differences arise from interpretations of certain
clauses of the scale agreement recently entered
into and which, it is probable, will be satisfactorily
adjusted.
* * *
The wage committee representing the United
Mine Workers and the commercial coal operators
of Alabama decided on a 2 ] {,-cent cut in the
miners' tonnage rate for July, making the price
for mining 55 cents. The cut was based on the
lower selling price of iron.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
r
J. W. McQueen, vice-president of the Sloss-
Sheffield Steel & Iron Co., states that there is
employment for at least 5,000 men in the Birmingham
district of Alabama. Both skilled and
unskilled labor is needed and a large number of
mine workers can find employment. The wages
range from $1.10 to $4.00 per day.
* * *
The strike at the Ramsey mines at Dillonvale.
O, which had been on for several weeks, was
settled on July 24 at a conference between the
mine operators and officials of the United Mine
Workers of America, including National Vice-
President T. L. Lewis of Bridgeport, O. Several
hundred men returned to work.
* * *
Committees are at work making arrangements
for a series of meetings to be addressed by John
Mitchell and a number of interpreters, in the Irwin
field during this month. According to the present
plans meetings will be held at all the mining
centers including Irwin, Madison and probably
Greensburg and Latrobe.
* * *
Regarding the report in circulation that a general
strike of the mine workers was imminent,
President Mitchell, of the United Mine Workers,
says: "This rumor of a strike is so silly that I
can find no possible excuse whatever for its circulation."
• * *
An agreement has been reached between the
Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal & Irota Co.
and its striking miners and the latter, numbering
about 600 men, have returned to work.
* * *
The joint scale conference of the coal operators
and miners of the Nineteenth district, embracing
portions of Tennessee and Kentucky, will be held
at Knoxville, Tenn., on Aug. 8.
* * •
The coal operators and miners of Kansas have
decided not to make a new scale in September,
but to continue until next spring under the present
agreement.
• * *
The strike at the Logan Coal Co.'s mines in the
Dunlo and Beaverdale districts of Pennsylvania
has been settled and the mines are again in operation.
* * *
The miners throughout Western Pennsylvania
will not take part in the Pittsburgh parade on
Labor Day.
The Jefferson & Clearfield Coal Co. has declared
dividends of 2y2 per cent, on the preferred and 5
per cent, on the common stock.

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Farmers' Coal Co., Morgantown, W. Va.; capital,
$200,000; incorporators, James A. Board, William
E. Cofferdu of McClellandtown, Pa.; William
L. Newcome, Messurone, Pa.; Alfred I. Gibson,
Uniontown, Pa.; C. William Crane of Morgantown.
r—
Chieftain Coal Mining Co.. Charleston, W. Va.;
capital, $1,000,000; incorporators, Charles J. W.
Warnock, John A. Davis, E. Bryan Templeton, O.
E. Swartz and Charles B. Sterling, of Clarksburg.
Ontario Gas & Fuel Co., Hamilton, Can.; capital,
$100,000; directors, F. M. Lowry, J. C. Mc­
Dowell, Pennsylvania; W. A. Spratt, Hamilton;
W. J. Aikens, Dumnith; C. A. McGara, Dundas.
1
Southern Coal & Coke Co.. Charleston, W. Va.:
capital, $125,000; incorporators, J. W. Miller, W.
F. Harvey and A. W. Burdette of Grafton; T. V.
Harvey and D. E. Brown of Independence. Mo.
—+—
Bergholz Coal & Electric Co., Bergholz, O; capital,
$30,000; incorporators, Thomas E. Geveger,
Samuel M. Dorrance, William E. Steinmetz, John
G. Kirk, Lewis McLain.
Degnan & McConnell Coal & Coke Co., Howe,
I. T.; capital, $200,000; incorporators. James Degnan,
James Connell, Zack W. Tinker and Arthur
P. Fitzsimmons.
West Corona Coal Co., Corona. Iowa; capital,
$50,000; incorporators, Robert W. Palmer, Peyton
Newell, F. C. Morris, W. P. Yateman, Dr. Charles
B. Jackson.
1
Diamond Coal Co.. Cleveland, O; capital, $60,-
000; incorporators, J. H. Cassidy, Charles F.
Laing, E. S. Hough, W. A. Greenland, C. W.
Swartzel.
1
American Coal Mining Co., Pittsburgn; capital,
$20,000; directors, Henry L. Coe, Coraopolis; Hubert
C. Powers. Pittsburgh; S. G. Krepps, Jr., West
Newton.
1
Customers' Coal Co., Columbus, O; capital, $100.-
000; incorporators, Walter T. Moore, E. L. Harris,
John C. L. Pugh, George D. Harris, James M.
Butler.
—\
Springer Coal Co., Wilmington, N. C; capital,
$100,000: incorporators, James A. Springer, D. H.
Penton and S. J. Springer, all of Wilmington.
Sunrise Mining Co., Youngstown, O; capital,
$50,000; incorporators, W. Y. Williams, G. B.
Moyer, Owen E. McGraw, M. H. Sullivan.
Ideal Block Coal Co., St. Louis. Mo.; capital,
$25,000; incorporators, J. P. Comisky. J. A. Curtis,
W. F. Baubie, F. A. Robertson.
—+ —
Lower Vein Coal Co., Terre Haute, Ind.; capital,
$50,000; incorporators, George C. Richards,
James Luther, Frank C. Fisbeck.
Mahoning Coal Co.; capital $50,000; incorporators,
Lovina Davidson, John Erskine and T. A.
Erskine, all of Lowellville, O.
h—
Congo Coal & Mining Co.; capital, $10,000; incorporators,
J. C. Burns, G. E. Waish, R. H. Game,
R. J. O'Dell and C. A. Hott.
Kimball Coal Co.. Guthrie, Okla.; capital, $5,-
000: incorporators, L. E. Kimball, N. Z. Kimball,
I. D. Kimball.
—+—
Tazewell Coal Co., Chicago; capital, $10,000; incorporators,
P. J. Maguire, S. B. Falk and Hugh
McFadden.
—+—
Alabama Fuel & Steel Co., Augusta, Me.; capital,
500,000; H. M. Heath, president, L. J. Coleman,
treasurer.
1—•
E. S. Bell Lumber &' Coal Co., Birmingham,
Ala.; capital. $25,000; incorporators, E. S. Bell and
others.
1
Upton Peat Coal Co.. Salem, Mass.; capital,
$50,000; incorporators, Moise de Blois, and others.
Reading's Big Soft Coal Ton Mileage.
The annual report of the Philadelphia & Reading
railway shows that for the first time in its existence
it has carried more soft coal than anthracite.
Hard coal has ceased to constitute the largest
traffic over the road. This announcement comes
as a surprise to those who have accustomed themselves
to regard the Reading as an anthracite road
primarily. The result of the operation of the
Philadelphia & Reading railway during the fiscal
year ended with June shows that in ton mileage
bituminous coal led with a total of 1.110,000,000
tons carried one mile. This left the anthracite
traffic, as measured by ton miles, in second place.
A locomotive and 30 loaded cars were engulfed
by a cave-in while passing over an abandoned
coal mine near Shamokin, Pa.

In this day and generation of high art in advertising
literature, sometimes amounting to
genius, it seems to be a survival of the fittest;
and nothing but the most attractive wnl survive
or at least obtain any notice and secure recognition.
The Cameron Steam Pump Works of New
York City have always appreciated this fact, and
have endeavored in their advertising to make
a clear statement, attractively and appropriately
illustrated. Their latest productions in literature
are two celluloid bookmarks, printed in
colors. In each style they have utilized their
trade-mark, which is an acorn-shaped air chamber,
to furnish the base of the design, which is
printed in black and on which in one design is
shown a Scottish bag pipe player in full regalia
wearing the Cameron plaid and piping lustily as
he marches across the heather. In the other design
is shown in colors a winsome lassie wearing
the Cameron plaid and dropping a graceful courtesy
and the phrase "Thank you kindly," and both
are works of art.
Form No. 6, just issued by the Ingersoll-Sergeant
Drill Co.'s pneumatic department, is a complete
and well illustrated brochure on Haeseler axial
valve hammers and will be useful to all who use
or have use for such implements. All styles.
sizes and parts of these hammers are shown and
described in detail and the booklet also contains
considerable other information of value.
o o o
The question of mine drainage is one of such
importance that any development in the way of
solving what is frequently a vexatious problem is
of interest. In another column will be found a
complete description of the difficulties encountered
in keeping the Harlem river subway tunnels
clear of water and the means by which that end
was accomplished.
o o o
The Ingersoll-Rand Co. has taken possession of
its new offices on the 14th floor of the Bowling
Green building, 11 Broadway, New York. The
offices of the Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Co., at 26
Cortlandt street, and of the Rand Drill Co.. at 128
Broadway, have been given up and the united
forces moved to the new offices.
Secretary Bonaparte, of the U. S. navy department,
has authorized the continuance of the experiments
with anthracite coal in small sizes by
the North Atlantic fleet, with a view of determining
whether use either alone or mixed with bitu
minous coal will decrease the amount of smoke
emitted by vessels.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
Mr. R. D. Hunter, formerly district manager
of the Sullivan Machinery Co., at Denver, Colo.,
has been appointed general sales manager of Ihe
company, with headquarters in the Railway Exchange
building, Chicago. Mr. W. P. J. Dinsmoor,
for several years connected with the Denver
office, succeeds Mr. Hunter as district manager.
Mr. Matthew Brodie, formerly of the
Pittsburgh office, has been appointed local manager
of the Salt Lake branch, with offices at 128
Keith building.
Captain Austin G. Lynch, one of the oldest
rivermen in the Pittsburgh districjt and well
known in the coal trade, died recently at his home
in Elizabeth, after several months of illness. He
was 76 years old and for 60 years had followed
river navigation. Captain Lynch was known to
coal and rivermen almost the entire length of the
Omo river. He had witnessed the development
of the river commerce practically from its infancy.
Mr. F. E. Now, purchasing agent of uie Pittsburgh
Coal Co., has been on a vacation for tne
past fortnight, making his headquarters at Bobcaygeon,
Kawartha Lanes, Canada. accompanying
him are W. L. Rodgers. president of the Pittsburgh
Gage & Supply Co.. Charles Beeson and
Jacob J. Voegtly of Pittsburgh. Mr. Now will
be back at his office early this month.
The executive committee of the Michigan and
Indiana Retail Coal Association, at a meeting held
recently at Jackson, Mich., elected Mr. Charles
F. Gibson secretary, to succeed Mr. James T.
Eaman, of Detroit.
At a meeting of leading wholesale coal men of
Chicago, recently, at the Grand Pacific hotel,
it was decided to hold an outing and picnic on
August 12.
To Call National Waterways Congress.
Officials of the National Rivers and Harbors
Congress and a conimittee appointed by the national
waterways convention recently held in Cincinnati,
met at Baltimore on July 27 and adopted
a resolution requesting the executive committee
to call a meeting in the early part of 1906, preferably
in the city of Washington, to urge upon
congress the necessity for making adequate appropriation
for the improvement of waterways.
The congress is composed of 151 leading business
organizations of the country.

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Plans were laid at a largely-attended meeting in
Louisville on July 24 to organize the Kentucky
and Tennessee Retail Coal Dealers' Association.
Delegates representing almost every retail coal
organization in the two states attended the meet
ing. A temporary organization was effected and
committees appointed to arrange the details for a
permanent organization.
*
The Tabor Coal & Supply Co. has been incorporated
at Chicago with a capital of $22,500, to do
a general fuel contracting business.
*
The Lewiston Fuel & Ice Co. has been succeeded
in business in Lewiston, Ida., by the Lewiston
Fuel & Transfer Co.
*
The Richmond Coal Co., of Richmond, Mo., was
declared exempt from the receivership of the
Devlin estate.
*
H. Nesbit, of Atchison, Kas., has been made
secretary of the Mid-State Coal Dealers' Association.
*
Henry W. Krone has sold his coal, brick and
lumber business at Stockton, la., to Bannick &
Wilson.
*
Z. Waterman has been succeeded in business at
Crete, Neb., by the Waterman Lumber & Coal Co.
*
Frank McWilliams has sold his coal business at
Humeston, la., to the Hawkeye Lumber Co.
*
The Grand View Coal Co. has been incorporated
at Palisade, Colo., with a capital of $30,000.
The Canon City Fuel Co. has been incorporated
at Pueblo, Colo., with a capital of $5,000.
The South and West system, a reorganization of
the old "Three C" line, which was started about
15 years ago with the intention of affording a
system, which would connect the cities of Chicago,
Cincinnati and Charleston, has been placed in the
hands of a new company for the purpose of affording
an outlet for the coal and other resources of
southwest Virginia and east Tennessee to the Atlantic
ocean. So far the road has been constructed
and in operation a distance of about 68
miles southwest of Johnson City.
A new coal field in the Indian Creek region near
Connellsville, Pa., is about to be opened. The
drilling is being done in fulfillment of promises
by C. H. Brooks, A. G. C. Sherbondy and George
W. Campbell, who have under option 25,000 acres,
and should the tests result as they hope a standard
railroad will be built up Indian creek from
the B. & O, which crosses the creek at its junction
with the Youghiogheny.
E. W. Parker of the United States geological
survey, with assistants J. W. Grove and W. J.
Von Borries, is preparing to collect samples of
coal from the Ohio fields for testing purposes in
the geological survey coal testing plant on the
grounds of the Louisiana Purchase exposition
grounds at St. L,ouis. Messrs. Grove and Von
Borries are now in Jackson county and trom there
will go to the Perry and Jefferson county coal
fields.
Sakhalin, the Russian island recently taken
possession of by the Japanese, has long been used
by Russia as a penal colony. Its population is
about 40,000, of which more than half are convicts
and about one-tenth aborigines. It produces
a little coal but could be made to yield much
more as the deposits are known to be of considerable
extent.
William Griffiths, of West Pittston, Pa., one of
the best known mining engineers in the country,
is on his way to Southwest Alaska, where he will
explore the Matanuska coal fields, preliminary to
their being developed by a number of eastern capitalists
who have acquired the territory. It is
said that the Matanuska coal fields comprise an
extensive bed of bituminous coal of. which little
is known.
It is authoritatively stated in London that the
reported purchase of Welsh coal fields exclusively
by a German syndicate is inaccurate. It is announced
that negotiations are in progress for the
purchase of the extensive Whitworth estate in
South Wales, but the purchasing company, it is
stated, will be an international one, in which probably
some Germans will be interested.
A Holstein bull owned by F. D. Willerton of
Washington county. Pa., fell through the ground
into an abandoned coal mine, and for 48 days
had no food, but lived on the water in a small
stream in the mine. The bull weighed 1,800
pounds prior to its disappearance, and upon being
weighed after its rescue it had lost 900 pounds.
The Animal will live.
The Pocahontas Collieries Co. has declared the
regular quarterly dividend of 1% per cent, on the
preferred stock.

One of the most important engineering problems
encountered in the building of the New York
rapid transit subway was the construction of the
two tunnels, or tubes, under the Harlem river.
These two tubes, through wliich the subway trains
are to run regularly from the Lenox avenue subway,
continuing to the Bronx subway, were constructed
on an entirely new engineering principle,
having been built of concrete above ground, and
then sunk to the bottom of the river, instead of
having been forced through the mud under the
river bottom, as had been done in such work heretofore.
These twin tubes are 641 feet in length
and are 16 feet in diameter, the top of the tunnel
being 20 feet below the low water mark. Before
the tubes were put in Jilace, the engineering department
of the "subway contractors devised a sys-
tern for the drainage of the seepage, or the water
percolating through the walls of the tubes, and
also in case of emergency arising from the sudden
inrush of water in the event of the breaking of
a water main. The drainage and pumping system
adopted, and me precautions taken to meet
the possible conditions, are graphically described
and explained in the accompanying illustrations.
Illustration Fig. I shows a sectional view of the
tunnel, looking southwest, and showing the arrangement
of the pumps which are in position in
both of the tubes at the function of the subway
and mouth of the tunnel at Harlem river. Special
pumps were adopted for this service, having been
especially designed and built at the A. S. Cameron
steam pump works, New York. A longitudinal
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
arrangement of the piping and connections for the
pumps is shown on the right hand side of this
illustration.
Figs. II and III are reproductions of photographic
views taken in the tubes, and show the
inside construction of the tunnel with the pumps
in position. In the first of these two views a
portion of the end of the concrete archway is
shown, and it is at this point where the two tubes
are joined, and the double tracks continue in one
tunnel.
Fig. II shows two of the pumps in position on
concrete foundations, with the arrangement of
piping and connections. Four of these pumps
were installed, being of the size 12x12x18, and are
of the simplex single-cylinaer pattern, having the
Cameron regular pattern steam enu, which is
Fig. 1. Sectional View of Tunnel.

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Fig. Ill defines more clearly the outside construction
of the pumps, the distinctive feature of
whicli is the construction of the water cylinders,
which necessarily are very compact, owing to the
limited space allotted to them, the extreme width
being only 19 inches; nevertheless they have
ample water valve area. The water valves are
set in removable valve decks, al'owing them to
be easily removed with minimum time cost. The
suction valves are placed under the water cylinder,
and the discharge valves are shown above
the water cylinder.
Each of the pumps is separately and independently
connected and is also designed with
the suction and delivery flanges looking fore and
aft, permitting the arrangement of the suction
pipes as shown, with the pipes running under the
"air end," and the foot under the air end made
in two parts, straddling the 6-inch suction pipe,
permitting the piping to be readily removed. Each
of these pumps is capable of delivering 600 gallons
of water per minute while running at a normal
speed, with an air pressure at the throttle of
about 70 pounds per square inch, and a total lift
of 70 feet. The capacity could be increased to
1,000 gallons per minute in case of emergency.
The valve chambers are so constructed as to
permit of easy access for inspection and ne ecsary
repairs. The water piston and rods are of composition,
and owing to the liability of the water
being dirty and very gritty, the water cylinders
are constructed with removable composition metal
bushings. The suction pipes of the pumps are
supplied with Cameron strainers of the gooseneck
pattern to keep out the dirt and rubbish and to
insure the priming of the pumps by keeping the
suction chambers filled with water; thus the cylinders
will be flooded with water at all times, permitting
the pumps to be started up at any time
by the automatic floats. In the event of the
Fig. 2. Pumps in Position.
water rising, each of the pumps would immediately
start pumping as soon as the water would reach
the float level.
These pumps have already been severely tested
owing to the discovery of water in the tunnel
some time ago, when temporary piping and connections
were hurriedly made and the pumps were
pressed into use at short notice, being in operation
day and night, and performing good service, the
inflow of water being entirely taken care of, and
causing but a slight interruption to the completion
of the work.

Another meritorious feature of these pumps, as
well as in all types of Cameron pumps, is found
in the design and construction of their operating
mechanism, which has but few working parts, and
no outside valve gear or rods to become broken or
to get out of alignment.
Floating timbers and debris, which are often
times the cause of damage to submerged pumps,
can do no harm to Cameron pumps, as the working
parts are not exposed. Often a Cameron pump
has been submerged under water for weeks and
has kept right on pumping to the limit of its
capacity until it has cleared the shaft or mine.
New Coal Field in Nova Scotia.
The recent discovery of coal about 20 miles south
of Springhill is the most important mining event
in many years in Nova Scotia. It is the direct
result of deduction from painstaking investigations
of the geological conditions at Springhill.
Dawson, who stood in the front rank of Canadian
geologists and whose conclusions were generally
accepted without reserve, judged that the conglomerate
rock that appears at Springhill and extends
south was deposited before the coal measures;
hence, where the conglomerate appears at
the surface the conclusion was that no coal existed.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 4!)
under the conglomerate. It was on this theory
Coal prospectors have, since his day, generally
accepted the conglomerate district, as not productive.
Mr. Fletcher, of the geological survey of
Canada, undertook a long and laborious examination
of the surface indications, and arrived at conclusions
directly at variance with Dawson's,
namely, that the conglomerate was of a later age
than the coal, and that there was no apparent reason
why there were not coal seams at Springhill
Fig. 3. Outside Construction of Pumps.
that a number of coal men formed an association
to bore at a spot indicated by Mr. Fletcher. The
work has resulted in the discovery of a fine coal
field which, if not entirely new, is at least an extension
of the Springhill field, embracing an area
of 200 square miles or more. Mr. Fletcher assumed
that coal would be reached at a depth of
from 2,000 to 3,000 feet, and operations were commenced
with that idea. The drill first pierced
some 810 feet of reddish sandstone, etc., belonging
to the upper Permian formation; then about
1,500 feet of conglomerate was met; then some 19
feet of sandstone, when the coal was struck. The
drill went through some 12 feet of coal, but it
made no core, and as the pitch of the seam is unknown
its exact thickness cannot be determined
as yet.

50
GROWTH OF TRADE UNIONS
IN EUROPE AND AMERICA.
Ethelbert Stewart, of the United States department
of labor, in a recent report, declares that
whether or not trades unionism is a "foreign"
institution, its spread in the United States has
been very rapid.
At the close of 1904 England, Scotland and Ireland,
with a population of 41,500,000, had a trades
union membership of 1,902,308. In other words,
1 in 22 of the population was a trades unionist.
In Germany there were 1,276,831 trades unionists
in a population of 56,400,000, or 1 to 44. In
France, with a populatioh of 38,300,000, there are
715,576 trades unionists, or 1 to 53. Italy, with
32,500.000 population, reports 1 SI,230 members of
trades unions, or 1 to 180. In Australia the
trades unions have 177.592 members in a population
of 18,600,000 and a trades union membership
of 56,900, or 1 to 330. Hungary has 52,410
trades unionists in a population of 19,250,0o0, or
1 to 366. In Denmark the ratio is 1 to 28
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
and in New South Wales 1 to 21.
In the entire United States the ratio is 1 to 29.
while in the state of New York it is 1 to IS, and
in Illinois 1 to 16.7. In Colorado, with 411 trades
unions, a total membership of 48,837 is reported,
which is 1 in 11 of population. In agricultural
states, like Missouri, the ratio of trades union
members to total population is, of course, less.
Yet not too much should be inferred from this,
since the proportion of organized to unorganized
workers in given trades may be very large in these
very states. For instance, the state bureau of
labor statistics of Missouri reports that the 98,102
members of the. 741 local trades unions in that
state constitute 79 per cent, of the people working
at the trades indicated.
The trades unions of most European countries
are fairly well equipped financially. Reports for
1904 show Austrian trades unions' receipts to
have been $599,472, expenditures $541,031, balance
on hand at end of year in cash, $767,630.
Most other countries present a similar showing.
In England the per capita tax on members is
higher than in any other country, being approximately
$9 a year. British trades unions have
large benefit features, however, which constitute
42 per cent, of their total expenditures. Thus
nearly one-half of the high dues of British trades
unions goes back to the members as sick or burial
benefits and in life insurance policies. In 1904
26.6 per cent, of the total income was paid out
in "out of work" benefits, which are different from
sick benefits and life insurance account. Thus
68.4 per cent, was returned to the members in
benefits other than strikes, which cost in the way
of strike benefits and other forms of strike ex­
pense 9.1 per cent, of the income from the per
capita tax. The running expenses of the unions—
that is, mere administrative cost—amounted to
221» per cent, of the income from the per capita
tax .
The growth of trades unions in various countries
has been steady, if we take a series of years.
If we compare 1901 with 1904 in England, for
instance, there is a falling off, but comparing
1894 with 1904 there is an increase from 1,414,800
in the former year to 1,902,308 in the latter.
In France the growth of trades unions has been
steady since 1890, when 1,006 unions had 139,692
members, to 1904, when 4,227 unions had 715,576
members. In only one year was there a setback
and that was in 1898, and even then the number
of unions increased, although the number of members
decreased. France still has 151 mixed unions
of the old guild type, admitting to membership
both employers and employes. Even these unions
are increasing in membership, though decreasing
in numbers. In 1903 there were 156 of these
guilds with 33,431 members; in 1904 the number
of guilds decreased to 151, but the membership
increased to 36,044.
Austria had 1,308 unions with 70,342 members
in 1892. In 1904 it had 2,469 unions with 177.592
members. At the latter date there were 5,653
members of the old guild type of organization in
Austria.
The first trades union in Denmark, organized
for the specific purpose of securing higher wages
and shorter hours, came into existence in 1869.
There were other organizations of a semi-political
character. Up to 1884 trades unionism was confined
practically to Copenhagen. Denmark now
has 1,213 trades unions reporting 88,098 members.
The membership has been falling off since 1902,
though the number of unions has steadily increased.
In 1902 the membership was 96,479, the
number of unions 1,193. The first trades union
in Sweden was that of the printers of Stockholm,
organized in 1846. A few unions were scattered
here and there from 1846 down to 1885. when the
real trades union movement of Sweden began.
The printers formed a national organization in
1SS6, the first national union. By April, 1899,
there were eleven national unions and these at
that time formed the National Federation of Labor.
At the beginning of 1904 there were 26 national
unions in this federation, with 500 local
unions and 40,000 members.
The printers of Norway formed the first national
union in that country October 1, 1882. There are
now 310 unions with 15,347 members in Norway.
In Norway, as in every other country in the
world, the printers have been the first and most
progressive along organized lines. The 15 national
unions of Norway are all organized on the

plan adopted by The printers in 1882. In 1S99 a
National Federation of Labor was formed and at
this time all the national unions, 15 in number,
are affiliated with it.
In November, 1889, the general workingmen's
federation of Spain had 27 affiliated unions and
3,355 members. In March, 1904, there were 352
unions and 56,900 members. There are but three
industries in Spain that have a trades union mem
bership of over 5,000. These are the building
trades, where 35 unions have 10,263 members; the
marine workers, an "industrial union" taking in
sailors, dock laborers and fishermen, with 21
unions and 8,918 members, and the wood workers,
with 39 unions and 5,199 members. Spain has
3.436 union printers. The agricultural laborers,
who in the United States have never been able to
organize, have in Spain a union wun 3,317 members.
A Bulgarian National Federation of Labor was
organized in August, 1904, with seven national
unions as charter members. October 15, 1904,
there were but 3,000 members of trades unions in
Bulgaria.
Nowhere, however, have trades unions developed
so rapidly as in New York, Illinois and
Colorado. July 1. 1894. New York had 860 unions
with 157,197 members; September 30, 1902, it had
2,229 unions with 329,101 members. Illinois, with
less than 900 unions, including Knights of Labor
assemblies, in 1S86, had, January 1, 1904, 1,750
unions and 300,000 members. Colorado's trades
unions increased even faster proportionately.
I
MINERS' INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS.
The Miners' International Congress w'ill be
qnened at Liege, Belgium, on August 7. Among
other subjects, the following items appear in the
program:
(a) Mines eight hours day.
Resolutions on this subject have been sent in by
France, Belgium, Germany and Great Britain.
. :.(b) Abolition of female labor about the mines.
"Resolutions on this subject are sent in by Germany
and Great Britain.
(c) To prohibit the employment of youths under
14 years of age underground by legal enactment.
(d) To discuss the question of peace and war,
and pass a resolution on the subject.
(e) The securing of a minimum wage by law.
Resolutions on this subject have been sent in by
France and Belgium. Great Britain has also
sent in a resolution in favor of the principle of
the minimum wage.
(f) More efficient mine inspection—Germany
and Belgium.
(g) Pensions for old or infirm workmen—
France, Belgium, Germany and Great Britain.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
(h) Nationalization of mines—France and Belgium.
(i) Regulation of output internationally—
France and Belgium.
The conference is expected to prove a very
successful one this year in the direction of advancing
the movement for international co-operation
and assistance in trade disputes, and to further
the movement to raise the working condition
of the miners on the continent to the standard in
the Brilish coal fields.
FOR SALE.
Five hundred acres South Connellsville cok­
ing coal for sale; vein 9% feet thick, 212 feet
deep. Two railroads through the tract and sur­
rounded by 5,000 ovens in operation; 500 within
one hundred yards of this coal. Six shafts on
Analysis of Coal
Moisture, .32
Volatile
Matter 33.08
Fixed Car
bon, 57.47
Ash, 9 13
Sulphur, .98
three sides within one quarter mile;
two shafts less than 200 feet from
this coal. One-half mile frontage on
Monongahela river. A fine grade
of coking coal. Inquire of
A. R. STRUBLE,
Masontown, Fayette, Co., Pa.
FOR SALE.
A-l condition, 60,000 lbs. capacity HOPPER
BOTTOM GONDOLA CARS. We had 1,500 of these;
have just sold 256, which have passed Hunt's
fnspection; balance for sale at low price; equip­
ped with Westinghouse Air Brakes; built accord­
ing to P. R. R. Standard Specifications; will stand
most rigid inspection.
If not as represented, will pay Inspector's ex­
penses.
Also have 18 practically new 80,000 lb. capacity
HOPPER BOTTOM COAL CARS. Wire us for prices.
A. V. KAISER & CO.,
222 oo. Third Street, Philauelphia.
FOR SALE.
Seventy-five acres of coal land in sight of Glen
Hope, Pa., and two railroads, viz: N. Y. C. and P.
R. R. Also 200 acres mineral right near
Lajose, Pa.; 30 acres of surface will be given
free. Both properties will be sold at a bargain;
owner leaving this state. Write "Dotts," Box 26,
Glen Hope, Pa.

52
PA
PA
PA
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PM
PA
PA
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i..
TIIE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
REMBRANDT PEALE, PRESIDENT. JNO. W. PEALE, GEN'L MANAGE*.
J. H. LUMLEY, TREASURER.
No. 1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N. Y.
< «<
i & Kin
ANTISAGITE
AND
BITUMINOUS
0OAL* >»
^n'
>
W. S. WALLACE. SECRETARY. E. E. WALLINS, GEN-L SALES AGENT.
NORTH AMERICAN BUILDING,
PHILADELPHIA, PENNA.
@©©©t£tS©fg©©€g€g®^
Hi*
PA
PA
PA
K»
PA
PA
PA
m
n

RECENT COAL TRADE PATENTS.
The following recently granted patents of interest
to the coal trade, are reported expressly
for THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN by J. M. Nesbit,
patent attorney. Park building, Pittsburgh, Pa..
from whom printed copies may be procured for
15 cents each:
Engine for coal cutting machines, J. G. Patterson,
Manchester, England; 794,248.
Dumping mechanism for cars, Anton Becker,
Chicago; 794,274.
Mine ventilation, F. C. Weber, Pittsburgh; 794,-
384.
Apparatus for piling coal, S. D. Warriner, Wilkesbarre,
Pa., assignor to the Dodge Coal Storage
Co., Naugatuck, Conn.; 794,574.
Coke oven, Evence Coppee, Brussels, Belgium;
794,662.
Coal tipple, James Hughes, Giatto, W. Va.; 794,-
703.
Coal mining machine, C. J. Smith, Ottumwa, la.,
assignor to Martin Hardsocg, same place; 794,818.
Mining locomotive, A. H. Korsmeyer, Kansas
City, Mo.; 794,867.
Coal chute, A. L. Koch, East Pittsburg, Pa.; 795,-
043.
Car haul. F. V. Hetzel, Philadelphia, assignor
to the Link-Belt Engineering Co., same place;
795,124.
LA
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
Guide for conveyor chains, Charles Piez, Philadelphia,
assignor to the Dodge Coal Storage Co.,
Naugatuck, Conn.; 795,166.
Means for transporting coal, etc., J. W. Mc-
Keever, Flemington, W. Va.; 795,722.
Over-Sunday Outing.
Conneaut Lake and return. $2.50.
Erie and return, $3.00.
Ashtabula and return, $2.50.
North East and return, $3.25.
Week-end excursion tickets will be sold Saturdays
from Pittsburgh, Allegheny, Sewickley, Beaver,
Rochester, New Brighton, Beaver Falls and
New Castle, via Pennsylvania Lines at the following
round trip fares: To Erie, $3.00; to Conneaut
Lake, $2.50; to Ashtabula, $2.50; to North liiast,
$3.25. Return limit includes Monday, permitting
Over-Sunday outings at lake resorts. Excursion
tickets to Erie and Ashtabula also sold for Sunday
morning train. Half fares for children from
five to twelve years of age.
A seam of coal which had been lost to the proprietors
for 50 years has been located near Glace
Bay, C. B. It is controlled by the Dominion Coal
Co., and is said to contain 700,000,000 tons of minable
coal.
TA
ICOHPUT
(INCORPORATED. I
LARGEST INDEPENDENT MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF STRICTLY
PITTSBURGH
THIN-VEIN PAN-HANDLE
COAL.
COMBINED DAILY CAPACITY 4000 TONS.
SHIPMENTS ARE MADE VIA PENNSYLVANIA LINES, P. & L. E., ERIE, L. S. & M. S
AND IALL CONNECTIONS.
GENERAL OFFICES, CARNEGIE, PA.
BELL PHONE NO., CARNEGIE 70.
AJ

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
©lb Colonv) Coal & Coke Co.
Ike^stone UButlMng, Pittsburgh, pa.
ligonier Steam Coal
flRoun^ille te Coal
ConnelleviUe Coke.
,*,„„ j Xtoonier, pa., p. 1R. 1R.
uuine» = = * = ^ flbounosville, TRD. Da., 3B. & ©. IR. 1R.
PURITAN COAL MINING CO.,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
'V PURITAN AND CRESCENT )
BlTUMINOUS C30AL5,
STINEMAN COAL MINING COMPANY,
SOUTH FORK COALS.
c OFFICES. j
26 South 15th Street, No. 1 Broadway,
PHILADELPHIA. NEW YORK.
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
„ FAMOUS
SOUTH FORK, [ " A R G Y L E " i PENNSYLVANIA.
v
SMOKELESS T
O A

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
'(mi "?£'
J. L. SPANGLER. JOS. H. REILLY, JOS. B. CAMPBELL, &)
PRESIDENT. V. PREST ,V TREAS. SECPETAPY.
Duncan=Spangler Coal Company,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
"BLUBAKER"and"DELTA"
BITUMINOUS COAL,
AN A-NO. 1 ROLLING MILL COAL.
FIRST-CLASS FOR STEAM USES.
OFFICES:
1414 SO. PENN SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA. No. 1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK
._ SPANGLER, CAMBRIA COUNTY, PA. :
rvs ZA
ACME COAL MINING CO.
GREENSBURG, PA.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
CELEBRATED
ACME AND AYOIMDALE
HIGH GRADE
STEAM COALS.
MINES, RIMERSBURG AND SHANNON STATION, PA.
SLIGO BRANCH B, & A. V. DIVISION OF P. R. R.
SALES AGENT:
H. J. HUNTSINGER, 'SSESSJ 1 BUFFALO, N. Y.
\ji- *\;

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Atlantic Crushed Coke Co.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
LATROBE STEAM COAL
ENERAL OFFICES
*>«•»»»•
CONNELLSVILLE
FURNACE
FOUNDRY
CRUSHED
COKE.
I W W W W W *
- GREENSBURG, PA.
'0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000^
LIGONIER COAL COMPANY, I
LATROBE, PA.
| H IGH GRat>E3TEHM (gftL |
CONNELLSVILLE e©KE.
s
^000000000000*00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000*
United Coal Company
* of PittsburghPenna*
MINES ON MONONGAHELA RIVER, SECOND POOL; PITTSBURGH &. LAKE ERIE
RAILROAD; BALTIMORE & OHIO RAILROAD AND PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD.
New York Office .
Whitehall Building.
General Offices:
BarvR For Saving's Building,
PITTSBURGH, PA. Philadelphia Office :
Westmoreland Gas Coal
Youghiogheny Gas &SteamCoal
Pennsylvania Building.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
^pmiinnnnfflnnmffi^^
= QEORQE I. WHITNEY. PRESIDENT. A. C. KNOX. TREASURER. 3
HOSTETTER CONNELLSVILLE COKE COMPANY
HIGHEST GRADE
CONNELLSVILLE COKE
FURNACE AND FOUNDRY ORDERS SOLICITED.
FricK Building',
r BELL TELEPHONE, 696 COURT
PITTSBURGH, PA.
APOLLO COAL CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
APOLLO HIGH GRADE STEAM COAL
AND
JOHNSTOWN MILLER VEIN
COAL.
GENERAL OFFICES: GREENSBURG, PA.
J. P. MURPHY, President. W. L. DIXON, Vice-President and General Manager. JAS. J. FLANNERY, Treasurer.
MEADOW LANDS COAL GO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
PITTSBURGH COAL.
Mines at Meadow Lands,
On the Panhandle Railway.
DAILY CAPACITY 1,000 TONS.
GENERAL OFFICES:
Farmers Bank Bldg., 5th Ave. & Wood St.,
PITTSBURGH, PA.

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
EMPIRE COAL MINING CO
BELLAIRE, OHIO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
Famous Empire No. 8 Coal.
CAPACITY 3,000 TONS DAILY.
MINES LOCATED ON
C. &. P. R. R., B. & O. R. R. AND OHIO RIVER.
COMMUNICATIONS SHOULD BE SENT TO J. H. SANFORD, MANAGER, BELLAIRE, OHIO.
Greenwich Coal & Coke Co.,
I « + ••
Miles: CAMBRIA AND INDIANA COUNTIES.
Miners and Shippers of
"Greenwich"
Bituminous Coal.
Celebrated for
STEAM AND BI-PRODUCT PURPOSES.
GENERAL OFFICE :
Latrobe, Penna.

Johe
GOAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Vol. XIII. PITTSBURGH, PA., AUGUST 15, 1905. No. 6.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN:
PUBLISHED TWICE A MONTH.
Copyrighted by THE COAL TRADE COMPANY, 11)03.
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor aud Publisher,
II. J. STKAUB, Managing Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION, - - - - $2 00 A YEAR.
OVER-CONFIDENCE IS A BAD TIII.NO. The British gress and to that broad spirit of christian charity
coke makers who many years ago decided that which recognizes every man as one of God's
their position was unassailable from the continent, creatures. There are to be found on all sides those
or anywhere else for that matter, have had their who sneer both at such movements and the faith
eyes opened by shrewd German coke makers who and hope which prompt them, but no intelligent
have just placed a splendid contract with one of person can gainsay the good they accomplish or the
the oldest and most conservative iron concerns in beneficial effect on the world at large. The di­
England and have laid the foundation for more vinity of Jesus Christ is a matter each must decide
business. If there is a country on the earth that for himself and only for himself. No one is requir­
it is hard for the foreign manufacturer to get into, ed to believe in it. The works and results of those
it is England. The fact that the British insular who accept Him as a model and a saviour must
prejudice, so strong on this particular point, has be seen and appreciated by all. It is safe to say
been overcome is good evidence that the position that the work of the association will make many
of no business nor no person in the coal and coke better men, many happier homes, many more satis-
coke is all made in retort ovens which have been fled and exert a definite and tangible influence
for himself and only for himself. No one is requir- for good on future generation. May success atsneered
at in England and, for that matter, in this tend its efforts.
country too. A single contract does not mean
much, but German trade aggressiveness and per­
sistency behind it, it means the opening wedge in
the splitting of the air-tight hold the British coke
maker has had on the home market.
The lesson seems worthy of thoughtful con­
sideration "n this country. It is true that the
United States needs no foreign market for its pre­
sent production of coke, but a foreign market for
its coal is needed most decidedly. There is no
doubt that with the proper degree of intelligent
effort and perseverance it can be had.
* * *
THK WORK THAT IS BEING DONE among the miners
Correspondence and communications upon all matters in the various parts of Pennsylvania by committees
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
of the Young Men's Christian Associations is
All communications and remittances to
worthy of the success it is meeting with and the
THK COAL THADK COMPANY.
encouragement it is receiving from the employers
92G-930 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA.
of mine labor. It is one of the visible evidences
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
that the world is steadily growing better. The
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh, I'a., as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
Y. M. C. A. movement is an entirely voluntary one.
It neither recognizes nor antagonizes any creed
exceept those which are opposed to light and pro­
* * *
A GRATIFYING EVIDENCE of the general confidence
in the future is the continued large number of
announcements of the development, improvement
and extension of coal and coke properties. At
least a large number of the men behind these

28
ventures are able and conservative business men,
the reliability of whose foresight has been proved
by experience. Were the prospects as gloomy as
some of the newspapers try to make it appear,
there would be mighty few improvements and
mighty few new ventures in the coal field. Fortu­
nately, however, the power of the press, great
as it is, does not control actual conditions. If
they did. most of the coal companies would be
theoretically bankrupt at one season of the year
and actually so at another. Recently some of
these papers have been telling the public that the
coal business was stale, flat, profitless and without
a future. About the time the winter demand sets
in good and strong every coal man in the land
will be represented by them as a millionaire
robber baron. Those in the trade know that few
are millionaires, and none either barons or rob­
bers. They know also that there is no more oc­
casion for them to be bankrupt now than there
is to be all the other things a few months hence.
The fact is that the coal trade has been passing
through a dull period due to over-production, but
that ways have been and will be found to dispose
of the surplus profitably. The outlook for the
future is bright in the extreme, despite the pro­
test of pessimism and ignorance.
* * *
THE INTENSELY PRACTICAL mind of the Japanese,
as shown by the numerous stories of their earnest
and successful efforts to gain mechanical informa­
tion by actual experience, is being further exem­
plified in a Western Pennsylvania coal mine. A
round dozen of these little yellow men have be­
come employes of the mining company within a
few months. They learn rapidly, and already
are good practical miners. They are sober, in­
dustrious and well-behaved and are as acceptable
to their employers as any of their other men.
Recently one of them was killed in an explosion.
His body was incinerated and the ashes sent
back to Japan by his comrades who returned to
work as usual after disposing of the remains.
Where these men came from or what has been
their previous station in life is a mystery which
for the present cannot be unravelled. Future
visitors to China and Manchuria, however, may
find some of them in charge of important mining
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
operations as Rear Admiral Evans found his
former Japanese caliin steward in command of
a battleship recently. It is the Japanese way
and the success and progress of their country
prove that it is a good way.
GERMAN COKE IN ENGLAND.
United States Consul-General Mason, at Berlin.
in commenting on the fact that Cammell. Laird &
Co. the British ironmasters, have entered into a
large contract for German coke for their Cumberland
works, says:
"It is now about ten years since the British iron
masters, with a large and influential following in
the United States, were firmly convinced that
German coke (made in retort ovens that save the
volatile secondary products which the primitive
'beehive' oven wastes) could never equal beehive
coke in quality or take its place in iron and steel
manufacture. True, German iron mills were then
making structural steel, rails, and other railroad
supplies, which were being sold at London and
Liverpool in competition with homemade English
products. They were enabled to do this because
many leading German iron and steel works have
their own coal mines and coking plants, and,
having saved in their coke making the gas, tar,
ammonia, and benzole, which constitute about 40
per cent, of the value of the raw coal, they were
enabled to sell their steel at very close rates while
deriving their profits—such as they were—mainly
from the sale of their by-products.
"But the idea has got fixed in the English mind
that retort-oven coke would never do for blast
furnace use; that it lacked resonance, 'columnar
structure,' and other essential qualities. The same
belief was and is still to some extent entertained in
the United States, although there are enough retort
ovens of the Otto-Hoffman and Semet-Solvay
types in use in our country to show by contrast
that the archaic beehive coking system, which
pours out in the Connellsville and other districts
vast clouds of smoke and valuable gas to blacken
and defile the air and landscape, is as primitive
and wasteful as it is obsolete and unscientific."
In the anthracite coal region the transmission of
steam power to distant machinery has been carried
to extraordinary lengths, because of the cheapness
of coal relatively to the labor required for running
engines. In one case the pipe is said to be a mile
long and pipes from 2,000 to 4,000 feet in length
are not uncommon, near Scranton. Of course the
metal is well wrapped in non-conducting material,
usually asbestos or magnesia, to lessen the waste
of heat by radiation.

TWENTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
OF JAMES EPPERSON, STATE IN­
SPECTOR OF MINES OF INDIANA.
The annual report for 1904, of State Mine Inspector
James Epperson, of Indiana, published in
connection with that of W. S. Blatchley, the head
of the state bureau of geology and natural resources,
has just been issued. The report is the
twenty-sixth to be issued by the department. It
includes conditions of coal trade, labor conditions,
mine accidents and statistics. Under conditions
of coal trade a general review of the coal business
for the past year is given as fully as possible.
Under the head of labor conditions we include
strikes that have occurred, Terre Haute and Brazil
agreements and other conditions relating to labor.
Under mine accidents various tables are given
exhibiting the cause, numlier and frequency of
accidents to mine employes; also, accidents to
mine property. Under the statistical part of the
report numerous tables are presented showing
the production of the different kinds and grades
of coal, amount of wages paid to employes, the
number of persons employed in the different capacities,
number of mules used, number of mining
machines, tables of averages, comparative tables.
directory of mines and a table snowing the geological
number of coal seam mined and character
of roof and floor at each mine in the state.
In the following summary will be found most
of the important totals for the state for the year:
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
Total number of days mines have been
operated 29,641
Total tons of hand-mined block coal. . 040,567
Total tons machine-mined block coal. . 86,505
Total tons block coal 727,072
Total tons bituminous hand-mined coal 5,645,663
Total tons bituminous machine-mined
coal 3,499,669
Total tons bituminous coal produced.. 9,145,332
Total tons hand-mined coal produced. 6,286,230
Total tons machine-mined coal produced 3,586,174
Total tons of coal produced -9,872,404
Total tons of coal consumed in Indiana 5,304,906
Total tons of coal shipped outside of
the state 4,567,898
Amount of wages paid to miners. . . . .$5,865,033.63
Amount of wages paid to outside day
and monthly men 1.146,871.64
Amount of wages paid to inside day
and monthly men 2,153,499.11
Total amount of wages paid to all employes
9,165,404.64
Amount of money spent on improvements
74,230.85
Total number of fatalities 34
Total number of serious accidents. . . . 132
Total number of minor accidents 81
Total number of accidents to employes
247
Total number of accidents to mine
" property 12
Regarding the condition of the coal trade the
Number of counties having shipping
report says:
mines 14 The coal business in general throughout the
Number of coal companies operating
state for the year 1904 was not as profitable to
mines 137 the mine owner as it was during the preceding
Number of mines working more than
five or six years. The selling price of coal has
ten men 210 been very low, ranging from 90 cents to $1.20
Number of new coal companies organ­
per ton for mine-run coal at the mine, and a maized
23 jority of the mines, especially during the spring
Number of new mines opened 42 and summer months, were operated less than half
Number of mines abandoned 10 time. The total production, which reached 9,-
Number of pick miners employed.... 8,800 S72.404 gross tons, shows a decrease of 120,149
Number of machine runners 380 tons, or a fraction over 1 3-10 per cent, under
Number of machine helpers 380 1903. This was a very small decrease in pro­
Number of loaders 3,046 duction, and to those not conversant with the
Number of inside day and monthly
situation it would seem should not distress the
men employed 3,449 business to any considerable extent; yet, con­
Number of outside day and monthly
sidering the fact that 42 new mines have gone
men employed 1,777 into operation during the year, which have helped
Total number of all mine employes.. 17,838 to furnish an over-production, it can be readily
Number of mules used 1.421 understood why the mines have not been oper­
Number of electric chain machines.,. • 291 ated so steadily and why prices have been low.
Number of compressed air punching
The large increase in the number of new mines
machines 104 and the consequent increased demand for cars
Total number of mining machines. ... 395 and transportation facilities created thereby being
Number of electric motors 30 more than the railroads could meet, was largely
Number of dynamos ".".".:..."'. .'• . • '• .:'.' ' 67 responsible for the depressed condition of the
Number of compressors 28 business. The aggregate wages paid in 1904 was

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
$9,165,404.38, an increase over 1903 of $15,832.26,
or a fraction over 1-10 of 1 per cent. The fact
that this report shows a decrease in production
and an increase in expenditure may seem strange.
The following reasons, however, will explain the
situation thoroughly, viz: There is a fixed operating
expense at each mine, whether the mine is in
operation or not, and wliere a mine has been
operated but eight or ten days during the month
there is a large balance to be charged for operating
expense for the days the mine has been idle.
One other reason for the increase in expenditures
was the fact that a majority of the new companies
have reported as wages large sums of
money paid to employes during the time of developing
their property and before the mine had
reached a producing capacity worth mentioning.
The total number of employes for 1904 was
17.S38, an increase of 2,710 employes over 1903,
and the average wage table shows the average
earnings to be $465.03 per miner, $624.38 per inside
day and monthly men and $645.96 per outside
day and monthly men. Considering the number
of days the mines were idle and time lost
from other causes the above figures speak very
favorably for the earning capacity of persons
employed at Indiana mines.
The report states that the year 1904 marks the
greatest period in the development of mining properties
in the history of the state. During that
period 23 new coal companies were organized and
42 new mines opened and developed, which are
distributed in the different counties as follows:
Clay county, five new coal companies and 14
new mines, nine block and five bituminous;
Greene county, two new companies and three new
mines; Gibson county, one new company and one
new mine; Knox county, two new companies and
two new mines; Parke county, two new mines;
Perry county, one new company and one new
mine; Sullivan county, seven new companies and
11 new mines; Vermillion county, one new company
and two new mines; Vigo county, three new
companies and five new mines; Warrick county,
one new company and one new mine.
In addition to the new mines opened, three of
the older ones, viz: the Keystone, at Shelburn;
Hymera No. 1 and the Island Valley No. 2, have
been sunk to seams at a lower depth. As shown
by the table of new mines, 22 are hand, or pick,
mines; 20 electric chain machine mines, and three
compressed air punching machine mines, the
greater number of which, especially those in the
bituminous field, have been equipped with the
latest improved machinery of all kinds, such as
box car loaders, shaker screens, self-dumping cages,
etc., and should approximately increase the coalproducing
capacity of the state at least 20 per
cent.
The monthly reports of coal companies made to
this office during the year just ended show an
aggregate of $74,230.85 as having been expended
on improvements of various kinds made in different
mines.
Regarding labor conditions during the year, the
report says:
Numerous strikes of a local character have occurred
throughout the state during the past year,
which have affected only individual mines, with
but three exceptions. These were of such short
duration as to require no special mention.
One of the exceptions referred to was the strike
of the drivers at the Indiana Bituminous Coal
Co.'s Fairview mine, located near Turner, in Clay
county. The mule barns here are about one
mile distant from the mine, and the drivers
thought it was not a part of their day's work to
bring the mules from these barns to the mine
before working hours in the morning (7 o'clock).
They refused to conform with the rules of the
mine, and this resulted in a strike June 7. Since
that time the mine has not been in operation.
A strike occurred August 1 at the Coal Bluff
Mining Co.'s Harrison No. 3 mine. This was
caused by the miners refusing the company permission
to drive nothing but entries during the
dull season. The reason given by the company
for asking such permission was on account of
the small demand for coal just at that time.
They could not dispose of the product of the en­
tire mine, and thought by driving nothing but
narrow work they could increase the number of
working places, thereby employing a larger force
of miners and increasing the capacity of the
mine when the market demanded it later in the
season. Work was resumed after the mine had
been idle about four weeks, but it was not learned
on what terms a settlement was made.
On April 1 a strike occurred at the Knox mine,
located near Bicknell, in Knox county. The
trouble here was caused by a difference between
the operators and miners as to the time when
shot firing should begin. Prior to this the time
foi' firing shots had been 3:15 o'clock p. m„ but
as a new contract took effect on the above date.
the company insisted on 3:30 as firing time. The
miners demanded a continuance of the previous
conditions, and after an idleness of five months
the company conceded their demand and operations
were again resumed at the mine.
The following table shows the number of mine
casualties during the year and their various
causes:

Cause of Accident, £ § 0 £
&* 02 r% H
Falling slate 13 38 25 76
Falling coal 15 20 35
Smoke explosion 1 2 . . 3
Powder explosions 3 5 .. 8
Delayed shots 5 3 .. 8
Premature shots 5 . . 5
Blown out shots 1 . . 1
Misplaced shots 1 .. 1
Mine cages 9 4 13
Kicked by mule 2 4 6
Mine cars 6 39 20 65
Falling down shaft 4 1 .. 5
Mining machines 3 2 5
Railroad cars 1 1 2
Electric shock 1 1 .. 2
Miscellaneous . . 6 6
Dust explosions 3 . . 3
Fell off scaffold 1 . . 1
Coal falling down shaft 2 .. 2
Total 34 132 SI 247
Regarding accidents to mine property the re­
port says:
Considering the increased number of new mines
in operation during the past year, the financial
loss from accidents to mine property for that
period was comparatively small. The most serious
accident occurring, and one that entailed
the greatest financial loss, was the destruction of
the entire surface plant of the Coal Bluff Mining
Co.'s Glen No. 2 mine, in the early part of November,
by fire. The loss of buildings, ropes, cages,
screens, scales and repairs on machinery, boilers,
etc., from the accident will probably amount to
$10,000.
The excessive heavy rainfall during the latter
part of the winter and early spring flooded a number
of mines in different parts of the state. Considering
the time the mines were idle while the
water was being pumped out, the repairs, etc.,
necessary to put them in shape for operation, the
damage suffered from this was probably greater
than from any other cause during the year.
It is announced that an effort is being made to
bring the mines along the Bessemer & Lake Erie
railroad into a combination, the movement being
headed by H. K. Wick, of Youngstown, O. The
mines on which options are being taken are in
Mercer and Butler counties, between Grove City
and Butler. The mines of the Great Lakes Coal
Co., which opened practically all on the Western
Allegheny branch of the Bessemer are not included
in the deal.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
THE HALF YEAR'S OPERATION
OF THE PITTSBURGH COAL CO.
A report of the operation of the Pittsburgh Coal
Co., during the first half of 1905, was submitted
by President Francis L. Robbins, at the regular
meeting of the board on August 1. The report,
which was approved by the board and subsequently
snbmitted to the stockholders, deals not only with
the situation that confronted the board when the
decision was reached to pass the last quarterly
dividend, but also gives statements of the earnings
of the company for the half-year, with a comparative
statement of earnings and tonnage for 1904
and 1905, covering the half-year. To this is appended
a statement of the company's quick assets,
;is at June 30. 1905, showing net quick assets of
$3,259,692.58. These statements include the Pittsburgh
coal Co., and all its subsidiary companies.
except the Monongahela River Coal & Coke Co.
The statement frankly reflects the situation in
the coal trade in regard to the cut in price for the
bituminous product. It points out also the selfevident
fact that the market is far better in the
late summer and fall than in the earlier part of
the year by reason of the buying for winter use.
Following is the report for the half-year:
To the Stockholders—By order of the board of
directors at its regular meeting held this day,
I herewith submit the following statement which
shows earnings and tonnage for six, montHs'
operations, ending June 30. 1905, and quick assets
as of the latter date.
The business of your company suffered considerably
during the early months of this year
on account of unprecedented competition in the
bituminous trade in which your officers had to meet
very low prices made by competitors locally and
in adjoining fields in order to retain the business
that may properly be considered as belonging to
the mines of the company. These low prices
resulted in decreased earnings, so that your
directors felt constrained to defer payment of dividend
on the preferred stock for the second
quarter of the year.
These conditions were carefully considered and
it was hoped that recovery was near at hand, and
that the earnings for the full half year would
meet the dividend requirements for that period.
These exceptions were not realized, and, while an
improvement in the situation is noticeable, the
progress toward better prices and more satisfactory
earnings has been slower than was anticipated.
In the history of the company the earnings for the
second half of the year have always considerably
exceeded those of the first half, and there is no
reason to expect that this year will be an exception.
It is recognized that an increased working capital
is desirable, and your directors deemed it, therefore,
inadvisable to draw upon the accumulation

82 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
of previous years for dividends, but rather to de­
vote the surplus earnings of the company in excess
of the requirements for bond interest and
other fixed charges to the building up of its
working capital.
On July 20, out of the sinking fund there was
purchased for retirement 271 first mortgage bonds,
which, together with 636 bonds so purchased on
January 20. make a total of 967 first mortgage
bonds now retired.
On April 20. a contract was made with United
States Steel corporation and its subsidiary companies
covering a period of 25 years, during which
time they agree not to open any new mines and to
discontinue the shipment from coking plants of
coal to be used for steam and gas purposes. This
contract is one of great mutual benefit; the steel
corporation being assured of a supply of coal of
such quality and by such delivery as is required
for its varied interests, and, as the cost of mining
depends largely upon the volume and regularity
of operation of the mines, in securing such a
large tonnage, we reduce the cost of our entire
output.
By reason of the fact that the Steel corporation
is this year taking a considerable quantity of its
requirements of Pittsburgh coal from our competitors
under contracts which had been made at the
time our contract was closed, we have not as
yet entered upon the full benefits to be derived
from the large and steady tonnage which this contract
assures.
The prices, terms and conditions of this contract
are satisfactory to your officers and the making
of the contract was authorized by the unanimous
vote of our board of directors. In fact, no action
of imporatnce has been taken except by authority
and unanimous approval of your board of
directors.
Earnings Pittsburgh Coal Co. and all subsidiary
companies (except the Monongahela River Consolidated
Coal & Coke Co.) half year ending June
30, 1905.
Profits incident to the
mining and marketing-
operations of the company
after deduction of
all expenses $1,475,732 62
Less—
Royalty allowance for
depletion $ 276,060 26
Addition to renewal fund 63,338 90
Net earnings $1,136,333 48
339,399 16
Less—
Interest on flrst mortgage
bonds $ 609,100 00
Preferred stock dividend
No. 21 514.914 75
Undivided earnings for
first half of year 1905,
,124,014 74
12,318 71
Comparative statement of tonnage and net earn­
ings Pittsburgh Coal Co. and all subsidiary companies
(except the Monongahela River Consolidat­
ed Coal & Coke Co.) :
EABNINGS.
Net earnings half year ending June
30. 1904 $1,660,327 12
Net earnings half year ending June
30, 1905 1,136,333 46
TONNAGE.
Production in Tons.
First half First half
19114. 1905.
Pittsburgh district 4,916,524 6,075,946
Hocking district 537,724 556,479
Coke S6.174 168,236
Statement of quick assets. Pittsburgh Coal
Co. and all subsidiary companies (except the
Monongahela River Consolidated Coal & Coke
Co.), as at June 30, 1905:
Cash—Current working
balances $1,277,769 S2
Cash in sinking fund for
retirement of first
mortgage bonds 552,725 59
Cash—Current working
Accounts and bills re­
$1,830,495 41
ceivable 7.983.89S 86
Merchandise at cost
(principally coal on
northwestern docks) .. 4.052.44S 70
Less—
Bond interest payable
•Lily 1 $ 609,100 00
Accounts and bills pay­
able 9,998,050 39
Net quick assets .... $3,259,692 58
Respectfully, submitted
FRANCIS L. ROBBINS,
$13,866,842 97
$10,607,150 39
President.

NEW MINING LAWS RECOMMENDED
FOR THE STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA.
Following his recent letter of instructions to
mine officials of the state, the text of which was
published in the COAL TRADE BULLETIN of July 15,
Chief Mine Inspector James W. Paul, of West
Virginia, has drafted a list of new laws which, in
his judgment, are needed. He says:
For the past eight years this department has,
in compliance With law, recommended certain
legislation for the protection of life within the
coal mines of West Virginia, and it has been a
difficult matter to secure their enactment into law.
A number of the following recommendations
have been previously made and bills have been
prepared and introduced into our legislature, but
they have failed of passage, through opposition
from various sources.
During the past four years the district inspectors
and this office have distributed among
the mine bosses, fire bosses and mine employes
thousands of copies of the mining laws of this
state, hut it is quite evident that they are not
read by many, especially among the mine
bosses. Very few of the other employes read
the law, and a vast number of foreigners cannot
read the law as printed in English.
A better observance of the law could be had if
those in charge of mines were required to have a
full knowledge of the law, and if they were accountable
for a noncompliance of or permitting
other employes to engage in practices which are
in violation of law.
It is believed that a provision requiring the
mining bosses and fire bosses to see that the
employes are not permitted to violate the law,
would result in mujch benefit. The followingrecommendations
are made:
1. Mining bosses and fire bosses should be
required to have a state license, issued by the
department of mines, to entitle them to act in
their respective capacities. For violations of
law or practices permitted by said bosses their
license sould be revoked or suspended by order
of the district mine inspector, subject, however,
to review of facts before some tribunal, such as
the Judge of the circuit court.
2. All dry, dusty mines, whether they give
off explosive gas or not, should have all dust
removed and the mine sprayed with water,
when in the judgment of the mine inspector it
is necessary. (This has been previously recommended.)
3. The quantity of powder contained in any
one receptacle or package permitted to be taken
into any mine should be established by law.
(Previously recommended.)
4. The quality of explosives used in gaseous
or dusty mines should be specified under "per­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
missible" explosives,- and should be as near
flameless as possible.
5. When dynamite is used within a dry and
dusty mine the roof, sides and bottom of the
mine should be sprayed with water for ten feet
from the point at which the explosive is used.
6. In dry, dusty and gaseous mines, where
mining machines are used, the cuttings should
be loaded and taken out of the mine.
7. The mining boss or fire boss should be rerequired
to take regularly measurements of the
volume of air circulating within tne mine and
make a permanent record of such. (A bill of
this nature has twice passed the senate of our
legislature.)
8. Where gas is found within a mine a recording
pressure gauge should be attached to
the fan casing and daily records kept and preserved,
and the fire boss should be required to
record daily, in a special book, the presence of
any gas found. (Previously recommended.)
9. Requiring at all dry and gaseous mines the
use of an hygrometer, to be used within the mines
and a permanent record kept of the humidity of
the air within the mines.
10. Requiring masonry stoppings to be placed
along the main and return airways within the
mines producing explosive gas. (Previously
incorporated in a bill submitted to the legislature.)
11. The creating of two additional mining
districts within the state, making in all nine
mining districts. (Previously recommended.)
The enactment into law of the above need not
disturb the present statutes, which are good in
so far as they go, and the writer firmly believes
that the adoption of the above recommendations
would increase the efficiency of the mine foreman
and decrease the mine disasters within the
state, and at the same time work no hardship
upon any of the interests affected.
Baltimore Coal Exchange Incorporated.
The Baltimore Coal Exchange was incorporated
recently by Bushrod M. Watts, Henry C. McComas,
Edwin S. Brady, Edward Stabler, Jr.. William J.
Chapman and Arthur E. Poultney. The purpose
of the corporation is to maintain a social association
for the benefit of its members. The directors
for the first year are Bushrod M. Watts, J.
Southgate Yeaton, Henry G. Vonheine. Luther F.
Warner, Gustav H. Nachman, Henry H. Head,
William T. Conn, John T. Fahey, J. Edward
Waesche, David L. Harrison, Julius Hellweg and
Joseph Benjamin.
N. F. Kimball has sold his fuel business at
Weiser, Ida., to A. A. Record.

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
MITCHELL ON THE STRIKE SCARE.
Regarding the recent sensational stories of a
threatened coal strike, John Mitchell, president of
the United Mine Workers, has made the following
statement;
"I believe some apprehension was caused by a report
originating in Pittsburgh that I had sent
T. L. Lewis, vice president of the United Mine
Workers, to arrange with the officers for a general
strike which was supposed to offset a lockout on
the part of the anthracite operators. The strike
was alleged to involve the bituminous and anthracite
miners, and to be effective in a month or two.
"There was no truth whatever in that statement
Mr. Lewis was in Pittsburgh on other business.
All the bituminous miners in Arkansas, Missouri.
Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan. Western and
Central Pennsylvania, and some other points, have
agreements with the operators' association until
April 1, when the award of the anthracite coal commission
expires. It is only natural that when
so many men are released from contract obligations
the public would feel some anxiety. And
regardless of the fact that both operators and
miners may be, and I believe are, desirous of renewing
these contracts as they are now, or modifying
them as the conditions of the coal trade may
warrant, there is, of course, an element of danger
that they may not agree. There is the same risk
in our affairs that there might be in any other.
I am sure that whatever differences may exist between
the anthracite operators and the mine
workers can be readily adjusted if the two interests
will make any efforts to come together in fairness.
"I feel that the last strik of 1902 was a lesson
not soon to be forgotten by miners or operators.
It is. of course, natural that the miners and operators
of the anthracite district would make such
preparations as are necessary to defend themselves
against any emergency that might arise next
spring. Both miners and operators are doing this,
the former by organizing their men, the latter by
stocking coal. But these preparation s do not
necessarily mean there is any danger of a conflict.
They are the precaution of prudent men. In our
case, the indications are that every miner in the
anthracite field will be in the organization by
April 1. They are joining now in thousands."
Low fares to G. A. R. Encampment at Denver.via
Pennsylvania Lines.
August 29th, to September 3d, inclusive, excursion
tickets to Denver, Colorado, account
National Encampment Grand Army of the Republic,
will be sold from all ticket stations on Pennsylvania
Lines. For full information regarding
fares, time of trains, etc., apply to J. K. Dillon.
Distri-rt Passenger Agent. 515 Park Building,
Pittsburgh, Pa.
TO DETERMINE OWNERSHIP OF
COAL BENEATH THE RIVERS.
Judge Joseph Buffington in the United States
court of Pennsylvania recently granted an injunction
against the Bessemer Coal & Coke Co., of
Pittsburgh, restraining that concern from mining
coal on what is termed government property, but
which simply means mining coal under the river.
which it is claimed is property of the government
and cannot be taken without special grant
from Congress. The Bessemer company's coal,
which is being mainly used for coking purposes,
lies near the Monongahela river and some of the
leads have been extended beneath the bed of the
stream. Several attempts have been made in the
past by coal men to secure special grants from
Congress that would give them this coal under
water, but have always failed.
If the government takes the stand that the coal
under the river beds of the Monongahela, Allegheny
and Ohio rivers is property of the national
government, and then seeks to recover for all
coal that has been taken from under these streams
in the past, the damages would amount to millions
of dollars at present coal prices.
The chief defense of the coal men has been that
they owned property on both sides of the stream
and had a right to go under it as long as they did
not interfere with the navigation of the waterway.
On the other hand, it has been held by all those
opposed to this that the government owns not
only the navigable streams, but all that is under
them including mineral rights, and that to take
coal from beneath the stream was taking Uncle
Sam's property.
SAYS MINE FOREMAN SHOT AT HIM.
At the recent session of the hearing in the case
of the Southern Immigration Society against C. S.
Schwartz, an employment agent, before Frederick
C. L. Keating, commissioner of licenses in New
York City, John Hotters, who claims to have been
employed in an Alabama mine, the miners of which
were on a strike testified that he was shot at by
a foreman and that while he worked in the mines
he was in constant fear of his life. "One day,"
he said, "I asked the foreman for the money due
me and he pulled a revolver and fired at me three
times, aiming at my feet, 'Dance,' he shouted, 'or
you get no money.' He struck another man on
the head with the butt of his revolver and knocked
him senseless.
"At night the hut we slept in was guarded by
men with guns, who were to shoot if we tried to
get away. I escaped after two weeks."
The Foster Grain Co., of Germantown, la., is
adding coal to its business.

NO STRIKE IS EXPECTED BY
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
CONCILIATION BOARD MEMBERS.
President W. L. Connell of the conciliation board
for the anthracite region, and S. D. Warriner,
general manager of the Lehigh Valley Coal Co.,
and a member of the board since its inception,
are of the opinion that there will be no strike of
the anthracite miners when the present agreement
expires next spring. Each has carefully examined
the situation, and Mr. Warriner gives the follow­
ing reasons for his views:
"The past three years have witnessed the greatest
prosperity ever known in the anthracite regions.
There has been a total freedom from petty
strikes or large strikes; there has been no cessation
of work for any cause; the miners have had
larger earnings and have participated in the advantages
of the high price of coal. About $4,000,-
000 have been distributed annually to the mine
workers through the workings of the sliding scale
agreement, in addition to the advantages of increased
wages and shorter hours.
"If the report of the strike commission be examined,
it will be found that none of the demands
of the miners was supported. The recognition of
the union was not granted; it was found that the
rates of wages compared favorably with other industries
where there were the same hours of
labor, and so on through the list; not a single demand
was found to be well founded on fact. Notwithstanding
this, an advance in wages was given
and a sliding scale was established, from which the
miner benefits by the high price of coal. That
agreement or award resulted in this period of
great prosperity.
"Now this award was made after a painstaking
and thorough investigation into the coal mining
industry had been made by the commission of
eminent men, appointed by the president of the
United States. Their decision was a fair and unbiased
one, and it seems to me to he ill-advised to
talk of upsetting these conditions. The general
business conditions have not materially changed
since that time. There is no more warrant for an
increase of wages now than then. The price of
living has not increased to any extent since 1902;
the general conditions are the same.
"The demands of the miners are not worrying
the companies a great deal. They seem to be
worrying the miners more than anyone else. It
is good strategy on the part of the mine workers'
officials to talk of the possible necessity for a
strike in April and formulate demands, for by this
means they can induce their members to pay up
their dues and get back into the organization, but
aside from this, I think they will have no effect."
PRESIDENT WILCOX DISCUSSESS
ANTHRACITE LABOR SITUATION.
In an article in the North American Review for
August, David Willcox, president of the Delaware
& Hudson company, denies vigorously the complaint
of the anthracite miners that there is cause
for a repetition of the strikes of 1900 and 1902,
and asserts that there is no possible reason for
disturbing the conditions in the coal fields established
by the anthracite coal strike commission
and the board of conciliation.
President Willcox points out that the recent
activity of John Mitchell among the United Mine
Workers has arouseu considerable interest, and
atter an account of the prevailing conditions concludes
by declaring that the machinery of arbitrating
all differences is already in operation and
that there is in the present situation no warrant
for subjecting the country to another strike.
The present agitation in favor of an eight-hour
day Mr. Willocx declares to be merely a thinly disguised
demand for an increase in wages. The contract
miners work less than eight hours a day now,
and the other class of employes, known as "company
men," has on an average a day of only
7.6 hours. As a result of the strike in 1902 wages
were raised from 10 to 11 per cent., exclusive of
the increase brought about by the sliding scale.
This raise in pay resulted in 1904 in increased
cost of production.
Should the eight-hour law be passed. Mr. Willcox
says, the miners would have to work longer
than they do now for the same pay, and the "company
men" would receive one-eighth, instead of
one-ninth, of their daily pay for an hour's work.
As the "company men" make up about 53 per cent.
of the employes the cost of mining would be
greater.
Then, taking up the question of the "open shop"
Mr. Willcox quotes at length from the commission's
report, declaring that the mines should be open to
all, regardless of membership in any labor organization.
He points out that Mitchell's contention
that it is as right to compel men to belong to
unions as it is to compel children to go to school
is in opposition to decisions of the supreme court
of the United States.
These decisions, Mr. Willcox asserts, are more
important than Mr. Mitchell's logic.
"While differences of opinion may always exist. '
Mr. Willcox goes on to say, "still the rules of
action in civilized communities are authoritatively
settled by their judicial tribunals."
Mr. Willcox explains that the board of conciliation
has met with great success.
"Every grievance," he says, "has been disposed
of in due course and there are now no grievances
in existence of sufficient merit to warrant their
submission or arbitration save a small number of

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
recent cases which are in process of adjudication.
As for the demand that each employer should make
a contract with the United Mine Workers covering
the questions of wages, conditions of work and
means of arbitration, the commission has already
denied the justice of this and instead suggested
modifications in the organization of the union for
the purpose of making it more responsible as well
as more attractive for non-union men. Mr. Willcox
quotes the commission's report as follows:
"It should be remembered that the trade union
is a voluntary social organization and like any
other organization is subordinate to the laws of
the land and cannot make rules or regulations in
contravention thereof. Yet it at times seeks to
get itself up as a separate and distinct governing
agency, and to control those who have refused to
consent to its government and to deny to them the
personal liberties which are guaranteed to every
citizen by the constitution."
None of the changes suggested by the commission
as regards the conduct of the union have
been made, Mr. Willcox says, and the whole report
has been dismissed by Mr. Mitchell as "based
upon premises which cannot be maintained."
In concluding his statement President Willcox
says:
"The existing conditions have, therefore, all
been the result of arbitration in which both parties
were represented. They have secured to the employes
a rate of wages which the commission held
to be proper when the prepared or domesticsizes
of coal sell at $4 a ton, with an advance as
the price increases, and have also provided machinery
by which all grievances have been adjusted
and which will be equally available for the future.
"The employers have shown no desire to disturb
these results, which have been so painfully and expensively
reached by arbitration and are willing
to continue the present arrangement indiflnitely.
"The present state of the industry is, therefore.
exceptional. All existing conditions have been
settled by arbitration, to which the employes were
parties, and the machinery has been successfully
provided through the conciliation board for adjusting
any future questions. The methods of
transacting business have been fully investigated
and have not been found objectionable in any respect.
What possible ground can exist for disturbing
this situation and subjecting the country
to the hazard of another anthracite strike."
The development of the Clearfield coal district
entails the building of a connecting link between
the Oil City road of the Lake Shore and the soft
coal road of the New York Central. The cost of
this improvement is figured at $5,000,000, for which
the money has been appropriated, it is announced.
SHAWMUT IN RECIVER'S HANDS.
The Pittsburgh, Shawmut & Northern Railroad
Co. was put into the hands of a receiver on August
1, by order of Justice Daniel J. Kenefick, of the
supreme court of New York. The order was made
on the application of Arthur H. VanBrunt, of New
York, representing the Central Trust Co., which
is trustee for the bondholders, and Frank Sullivan
Smith, of Angelica, N. Y., who has been acting
president and general counsel for the company.
was appointed receiver. His bond was fixed at
$100,000.
The following statement regarding the receivership
has been issued uy the company:
"The default in interest and the receivership
of the Pittsburgh, Shawmut & Northern railroad
company has become necessary in order to effect
a reorganization of the financial plans, for the purpose
providing for the extension of the road to
Pittsburgh, Buffalo and Lake Ontario, involving
the construction of 300 additional miles of road,
and the acquisition of additional coal lands.
"The present mortgage of $15,000,000, it has been
found, is entirely inadequate for the purpose of
extension and improvement, and the underlying
mortgages are to be supplanted by a larger single
mortgage. It was first thought that a general
mortgage upon the property providing for the
underlying mortgages might be practicable, but
financiers object to what is termed a sub-ordinate
lien, and therefore it has become necessary to revamp
the financial structure, and to save time and
exhibit the pians, the conipany has consented to
the receivership upon the appeal of the large
majority of the bonds."
The Pittsburgh. Shawmut & Northern railroad
was organized in 1899, forming the consolidation
of the Buffalo, St. Mary's & Southwestern and the
Central New York & Southwestern railroads.
Originally it was intended to extend from the great
bituminous coal fields of Jefferson, Clearfield, Armstrong
and Elk counties to the East, connecting
with the New York Central railroad at Macedon.
The same interests that originated the railroad
plans owned the Shawmut Coal Mining Co., with
13,814 acres of coal, and the Kersey Coal Co.. with
15,000 acres of coal holdings, all located in Jefferson,
Clearfield and Elk counties, Pa., and some
in Armstrong county. These properties were turned
over as assets ot the railroad and are now a
part of the holdings. In addition the company
secured valuable timber and mineral rights
through these counties, and upon all of these was
placed the bond mortgage covering the last bond
issue.
M. E. Hicks has sold his coal business at Byron,
Minn., to J. E. Troth.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
THE PULSE OF THE MARKETS.
A general improvement in the coal trade with
considerably more firmness and in some eases a
rise in prices has taken place within the last fortnight.
The resumption of many large industries
has been mainly responsible for the change and
the approach of cooler weather partially so. The
improvement has been in no sense extensive.
It is merely the normal healthy trend of the
business toward the better conditions which begin
to be effective at this time of the year. It is
not improbable, however, that another thirty days
will see an improvement as great as transportation
conditions will allow. On this point muc'i
depends. With the big crop shipments about to
begin and the railroads little above their usual
standard of capacity to meet heavy demands there
is every prospect of the usual fall and winter
car shortage, the effect of which will be even
worse than usual if bad weather sets in early.
Despite all the talk of big reserve supplies of
coal there is actually very little coal in storage
Last fall there was considerably more than at
present. In addition fine weather prevailed
until early in December, but nobody saw fit to
stock up on coal. Then came simultaneously a
heavy demand, a pinching car shortage and a
long period of bad rail haulage and general transportation
conditions. There was a fine scramble
on the part of consumers to obtain sufficient ,o'il
for their needs and tne majority considered themselves
fortunate in being able to get day-to-day
supplies at high prices. At present, there is every
indication of an even worse state of affairs during
the last quarter of this year and the first three
months of next. The price of coal is low—lower
than it is likely to be again in a long time—and
transportation conditions are good. The opportunity
cannot last a great while, yet consumers.
as usual, are buying only for present needs.
Somebody is going to suffer before the winter is
over and it will not be the producers. The improvement
in the market has not yet extended
itself to the West and Southwest. There is practically
a congestion in Chicago caused by the
over-supply of western coal. Consumption is
barely normal and it is as impossible as ever to
force a market for the excess Illinois and Indiana
coal streaming in. The eastern coals show to
better advantages but some of them, even are
weak. In St. Louis and the southwest the customary
late summer stagnation prevails with little
prospects of a change for the better. The coal
trade, like other business is at a standstill in
the extreme South and the Mississippi valley as
I « f f V V V f

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
New York harbor trade is quiet, and is confined
almost exclusively to contract business. All-rail
trade remains unchanged with a fair business.
Transportation from mines to tide is slower than
it has been, but in view of other market conditions
little complaint is being made. The car
supply is good.
The Western anthracite market continues to
take a normal amount of coal. There was a brief
but marked period of improvement in Chicago
recently but the spurt did not last long and a return
to old conditions caused no surprise. The
eastern hard coal trade shows no new features.
Most of the local dealers are well stocked, but
consumers apparently are not interested in the
10c. discount now available, and will wait, probably
until September before putting in further
supplies. At the mines, a great deal of interest
is felt in the necessity for closing down operations
at many points for indefinite lengths of time.
Whatever action is taken by the operating companies
on the question of closing probably will
be concerted.
Hull, Blyth & Co.. of London and Cardiff report
market conditions unchanged with respect
to the better grades of coal, but with slight advances
in the prices of the cheaper sorts. Quotations
are as follows: Best Welsh steam coal,
$3.36; seconds, $3.18; thirds, $3.06; best Monmouthshire,
seconds, $3.00; best small steam coal,
$2.40; seconds, $2.22; other sorts, $1.98.
VALUE OF NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION.
The approximate value of the natural gas produced
and sold in the United States, as reported
to the United States Geological Survey, is shown
in the following table:
Arkansas and Wyoming $ 6,515
California 114,195
Colorado 14,300
Illinois 4,745
Indiana 4,342,409
Indian Territory and Oklahoma 49,665
Kansas 1.517,643
'"Kentucky 322,404
Missouri 6,285
New York 522,575
Ohio 5,315,564
Pennsylvania 18,139,914
South Dakota 12,215
Alabama and Texas 14,082
West Virginia 8,114,249
tTotal $38,496,760
•Includes small quantity produced in Tennessee.
fDoes not include value of gas produced in Canada
and consumed in the United States.
ILLINOIS COAL STATISTICS
COVERING THE YEAR 1904.
The following table, taken from the 23rd annual
report on the production of coal in Illinois, issued
recently by the Illinois board of labor statistics,
presents the salient features of the year's operation:
Counties producing coal 54
Mines and openings of all kinds 932
New mines or old mines re-opened
during the year 106
Mines closed or abandoned since the
last report 109
Total output of all mines in tons of
2,000 pounds 37,077,897
Shipping or commefcial mines 380
Total output of shipping mines, tons.. 35,779,517
Mines in local trade only 552
Output of local mines, tons 1,298,380
Total tons of mine run coal 10,627,904
Tons of lump coal 16,888,010
Tons of egg coal 1,014,700
Tons of nut coal 1,602,383
Tons of pea coal 5,751,570
Tons of slack coal 1,193,330
Tons shipped 31,778,260
Tons supplied to locomotives at mines 1,223,099
Tons sold to local trade 2,521,612
Tons consumed (or wasted) at the
Plant 1,554,926
Days of active operation for shipping
mines 213
Days of active operation for all mines 1.97
Value of all grades at the mines....$ 1.10
Value of mine run at the mines .... 1.03
Value of lump coal at the mines 1.37
Value of egg coal at the mines 1.39
Value of nut coal at the mines 1.0494
Value of screenings coal at the mines, 0.5613
Value of slack coal at the mines 0.3336
Aggregate home value of total product, 40,774,223
Mines in which mining machines are
used 66
Mining machines in use 609
Tons undercut by machines 7,400,343
Tons mined by hand 26,677,554
Miners employed during the year .... 37,987
Other employes underground 9,812
Boys employed underground 1,562
Employes above ground 5,413
Total employes 54 774
Men at work underground 49,361
Number at work at surface 5,413
Price paid, (gross ton) for hand mining
shipping mines Q 5933
Price! paid, (gross ton) machine mining 0.4659
Kegs of powder used for blasting coal, 923,418
Kegs of powder used for other purposes 3,717
Men accidentally killed 137

Men killed inside of the mines 148
Men killed outside of the mines 9
Wives made widows 87
Children left fatherless 239
Men iujured so as to lose a month or
more time 307
Gross tons mined to each life lost .... 236,165
Employes to each life lost 349
Deaths per 1.000 employes 2.87
Gross tons mined to each man injured 73,132
Employes to each man injured 108
The number of mines was 932, one less than the
previous year. The most notable change concerning
the number of mines was the increase in the
number of shipping mines. The number in this
class for the year was 3S0; iii 1903 there were 353,
giving an increase of 27 mines, or 7.93 per cent.
df the local mines the decrease in the number was
28 from 1903.
The number of tons, all grades, produced, was
37,077,897, an increase of 2,122,497 tons, or 6.07
per cent, over 1903.
The total number of employes was 54.774, being
an increase of 4,960, or 9.96 per cent.
The average number of working days for the
shipping mines was 213, which was nine days less
than in 1903.
THE GERMAN RAID ON WELSH COAL.
Great Britain has held her Welsh coal as one of
the great features in her naval supplies. To add
to the unpleasantness that has arisen of late between
England and Germany, is the discovery
that despite all reports to the contrary, and all
efforts to keep the matter dark an English syndicate
has handed over to the German empire a
vast tract of coal in Wales.
Exparts reckon the store of coal to be 400,000,000
of tons, which has been acquired by the Germans
between Neath and Aberavon. Half of it is said
to be the finest steam quality, suitable for the
British navy. The consumption of the admiralty
ships is 1,117,000 tons a year, so that what steam
coal Great Britain would lose will run a British
navy of the present size for nearly 200 years. The
military importance of the question is seen when
it is considered that Germany's supply of naval
fuel is a grave problem, while in England the stock
of good steam coal is limited. Mr. Balfour recently
said in the house, "We could not remain indifferent
spectators of any transaction which handed
over to any foreign syndicate or foreign government
the unique source of our naval mobility,"
and urged that "so unexampled a proceeding would
require exceptional treatment."
The press of Great Britain has taken up the
matter and parliament will be asked to take steps
to check the German raid on the Welsh coal
fields.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
PRODUCTION OF COKE IN 1904.
Including the production of coke from by-product
retort ovens, which in 1904 amounted to
2,008,229 short tons, the total output of the coke
ovens of the United States was last year, according
to the report made the United States Geological
Survey by Edward W. Parker, 23,621,520
short tons, against 25,274,281 short tons in 1903.
'I'he decrease in 1904 as compared with the preceeding
year was 1,652,761 short tons, or 6.54
per cent. The total value of the product declined
in much greater proportion from $66,498,664 in
1903, to $46,026,183, a decrease of $20,472,481, or
31 per cent.
"The decline in production was a natural one,"
says Mr. Parker, "due to a slump in the iron trade
during the summer months, which was in turn
caused for the most part by the unsettled conditions
that usually attend a presidential campaign.
And while these conditions also affected prices,
the great difference between the values of the
production in 1904 and 1903 was due to the abnormally
high prices which prevailed in the early
part of 1903. when, because of the fuel famine
induced by the anthracite strike of the preceding
year, manufacturers of coke were able to
obtain almost any figure they might demand.
The average price for all the coke made and sold
in 1904 was only 9 cents less than that in 1901.
and was higher than that of any year from 1893
to 1899. inclusive."
At the close of 1904 there were under construcion
4430 new ovens, of which 832, or IS.8 per cent.
were of the retort or by-product type.
The number of completed retost ovens has
increased from 1165 in 1901. to 1663 in 1902, to
1956 in 1903, and to 2910 in 1904. The output
from retort ovens lias increased from 1,179,900
tons in 1901, to 1,403.588 tons in 1902, to 1.8S2,-
394 tons 1903, and to 2.60S,229 tons in 1904. In
1902. 5.5 per cent, of the total output was from
by-product ovens; in 1903 the by-product coke was
7.4 per cent, of the total: in 1904 by-product coke
made up 11 per cent, of the totad .output.
Counting each bank of ovens as a separate establishment
the returns for 1904 show a total
of 506 establishments, as compared with 500 in
1903. Eighty-two establishments were idle
throughout 1904 as compared with 41 hue plants
in 1903. There were also 10 new establishments
with a total of 1265 ovens, which were not completed
and put in blast at the close of 1904.
The first fatality since the new shot firers' lawwent
into effect in Illinois resulted in the death of
Napoleon Goalby, a shot firer at Donk Bros. mine.
No. 3, at Troy, Ills., who was killed a few days
ago by the premature explosion of a shot.

10 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The Susquehanna Coal Co., Shamokin, Pa., has
organized a relief fund, which has been in operation
since Aug. lst. A large number of the com­
pany's employes have already joined this institu­
tion, and a great many more will be enrolled by
the first of next month. No assessments are made
until the fund becomes so small that they are
made necessary. The sum of $50 is allowed for
the burial of a miner who meets death in the
mines, and $3.00 per week is paid to the widow
for the period of one year and $1.00 per week
each for each child under twelve years for the
period of one year. Provision is made for those
who meet with accidents disabling them for a
week or more.
* * *
The Lehigh Coal & Navigation Co. is taking
drastic measures in complying with the recent law
governing illiterate employes. Superintendent
Zehner has sent word to all the colliery foremen to
make a canvass of the men employed in and about
the company's collieries, under twenty years of
age, who cannot read and write. The report will
be sent to the Lansford office, and will result in
wholesale discharges. Supt. Zehner announces
that it is the company's intention to employ hereafter
no one who cannot read and write.
* * *
Delegates representing the Mine Workers' keg
funds of the upper Anthracite district met at
Pittston, Pa., recently to protest against the reduction
by the coal companies of the price paid
for empty powder kegs from 10 to eight cents.
The money thus procured is used by the mine
workers to aid those who are injured and me
families of those who are killed in the mines. The
convention took radical action, demanding 15 cents
for each keg.
* * *
The working force of the Leiter mines at Zeigler,
111., was recently augmented by a contingent of
negroes. The party was composed of fifty men and
ten women, and came from Martin, Tenn. Ten
armed guards stood at the doors and windows of
the coach and refused to allow the negroes to leave
or to communicate with any of the crowd who had
asembled about the coach. No disturbance marked
the arrival of the party.
* * *
William Dodds. secretary-treasurer of the Pittsburgh
district of the United Mine Workers, has
announced himself as a candidate for the Republican
nomination for clerk of courts of Allegheny
county. Mr. Dodds has always been a good
republican and his friends express confidence in
his ability to win both the nomination and the
office.
British unionists have withdrawn their bill to
protect Trade Unions against damage suits from
parliament. The measure, which was the outcome
of the Taff Vale railway case, in which the union­
ists were forced to pay heavy damages was so
amended by its opponents that its purpose was
destroyed.
* * *
In an address to the mine workers at Oliphant,
Pa., recently, John Mitchell, said: "I may not be
long with you in this great movement. This night
and day work is too much. The nervous and
physical strain of continual effort is more than
mortal man can stand."
* * *
Because the company made a rule that no more
miners would be hauled in and out of the mine
in the cage until the coal was hauled out, about
200 men in the Yough shart, at Irwin, Pa., went
on strike on July 31.
* * *
The Labor party of Westralia, an Australian
state, has reconstructed the government with H.
Daglish, as premier and colonial treasurer. All
the members of the new cabinet are labor unionists.
* * *
Judge Torrance, of San Diego, Cal., has decided
that the referendum law is unconstitutional. An
appeal will be taken.
* * *
The strike at the mines of the Consolidated
Coal Co., in the Saginaw, Mich, district, which
started June 15th, has been settled.
Five Coal Companies to be Merged.
A meeting will be held in Pittsburgh on August
26, for the announced purpose of merging the
Hazel Kirk Gas Coal Co., the Penn-Manor Shaft
Co., the Pittsburgh & Westmoreland Coal Co..
the Pittsburgh and Connellsville Coke Co.. and
the Shoenberger Coal Co. The new company.
which will be capitalized at $3,000,000, will be
known as the Pittsburgh & Westmoreland Coal
Co., and the output is expected to be about 2.000.-
000 ton per year. Most of the mines are in the
Monongahela valley in Westmoreland and Washington
counties. Many of them are river mines.
Coal Boatmen Refuse to Go to New Orleans.
The coal fleet which left Pittsburgh on July
31st, with 8,000,000 bushels of fuel destined for
points south, will be harbored in Cincinnati and
Louisville until the yellow fever has been stamped
out in the South. The crews of practically all of
the boats notified their captains that they would
not enter the fever belt and it was deemed advisable
to harbor the shipment until it could be
handled with safety and certainty.

p RETAIL TRADE NOTES. p
At the recent meeting in Detroit of the national
council of state and inter-state retail coal associations
it was decided to adopt the bureau of
information which has been so strongly urged
by the western retail associations. The bureau
will be put in operation some time after the joint
meeting in September.
*
The Farmers Lumber & Coal Co. has been incorporated
at Norcature, Kas., with a capital of
$10,000, to engage in retail business.
*
P. J. Monoghan, of Pittsburg, Kas., has organized
the Southwestern Fuel & Coal Co., to handle the
surplus eoal from the Devlin Mines.
W. G. Bingamon, of Malvern, la., has transferred
his coal and ice business to the B. T. Baker
Co., of Mason City, Neb.
#
Roe Bros., of Florida, N. Y.. have purchased
the coal business of Clark & Schultz, at Pine
Island, N. Y.
The Union Coal Co. has been incorporated at
Lincoln, Neb., with a capital of $25,000, to enter the
retail trade.
*
The R. K. Johnson Co. has succeeded to the coal
and grain business of Snapp, Reid & Co., at Carson,
Iowa.
*
Newman & Welsh have succeeded to the coal
and feed business of Weaver & Newman, at Columbus,
Ohio.
The Holmes Wood & Coal Co. has been succeeded
in business at San Antonio. Tex., by C. B.
Conrad.
*
The Farmers Lumber & Coal Co. has been incorporated
at Norcature. Kas.. with a capital of
$10,000.
The Blue Ridge Wood & Coal Co., is being organized
at Asheville, N. C, to engage in business.
locally.
*
The Consumers Fuel Co. has been incorporated
at Marshalltown, la., with a capital of $10,000.
*
The Clinton Coal & Ice Co. has succeeded to the
business of Cummings & Co., at Clinton, Ia.
*
The United States Fuel Co. has been incorporated
at Huerfano. Col., with a capital of $100,000.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
The Lawton Ice & Fuel Co. has been incorporated
at Lawton, Okla., with a capital of $25,000.
*
F. R. Woolly, of Seward, Neb., has sold his coal
yard to N. E. Shorey and H. P. Hayes.
The Union City Cement, Stone & Coal Co., has
opened a yard at Union City, Ind.
E. E. Tracy has sold his coal and grain business
at Evans, Col., to M. V. Briggs.
*
The McLaughlin Coal & Grain Co., is a new Concern
at Nashville, Tenn.
#
John H. O'Conner has opened a coal yard at
Glens Falls, N. Y.
TENNESSEE OPERATORS OPPOSE
CONCESSIONS TO STATE COAL.
Gov. Cox's efforts in behalf of low freight rates
on state coal are not pleasing to the Tennessee
operators, particularly those in the Knoxville district.
Some of the latter think that the state
mines, which are operated by convicts, are already
getting better rates than they deserve. Only a
few months ago a vigorous protest was lodged
with the officials of the Southern Railway against
a concession which had then been made in favor
of the state mines for trade in the Carolinas.
A further concession in favor of the convict
coal will bring forth a still more vigorous protest
from coal operators in general throughout the
Kentucky and Tennessee district unless similar
concessions are made to them.
In this connection it may be stated that coal
operators regard with no degree of favor this recent
move of the state to go into more extensive
coal mining. Against such mining with convict
labor, the independent mines can not compete.
It simply means that their market is to be lessened
wherever the state mines choose to sell.
Instead of railroad rate concessions or any other
concessions in favor of convict coal the coal operators
think it is due them and the thousands of
free miners under their employ, to hedge the
state mines in a way that their advantage will not
be such a disadvantage to all others.
Labor Day Fares.
September 4th excursion tickets will be sold
from all ticket stations on the Pennsylvania Lines
to any station on those lines fifty miles or less
from selling point. Return coupons good until
September 5th. Inquire of Pennsylvania Lines
Ticket Agents for further information.

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
GOV. HERRICK TAKES ACTION ON
OHIO MINE INSPECTOR'S REPORT.
In response to recommendations contained in
the annual report of George Harrison, chief mine
inspector of Ohio, regarding the necessity for new
mint laws covering machine mining. Gov. Herrick.
of that state has transmitted the following letter
of instructions to the attorney general, Wade H.
Ellis:
Hon. Wade H. Ellis. Attorney General,
Columbus, Ohio.
Dear Sir:—The thirtieth annual report of the
department of Mines and Mining for the year 1904.
with the recommendation for the appointment of
a Commission to revise the mining laws of Ohio.
has been submitted to me by the Chief Inspector
of Mines. From this report it is apparent that
the present mining laws of Ohio are insufficient
to meet the present demands of the operation of
mines and mining. The conditions governing
the production of coal in this state having changed
so materially since the enactment of existing
laws it is thought a revision of them is necessary.
At present 67 per cent, of the whole coal production
is mined by electricity and compressed air
machines, and electric coal hauling motors are
in general use. Our present laws contain no provisions
whatever which apply to the dangers of
electric wires, electric mining machines or hauling
motors.
It seems to me that some provision should be
made, for the protection of both the miners and
operators. The chief inspector of mines recommends
the appointment of a commission for a
general revision of all the mining laws. It appears
desirable, in view of these facts, that your
department investigate the present mining conditions
of the state and the laws governing the
same, and report the result of your investigation
at your earliest convenience.
I would suggest that your department cooperate
with Mr. Harrison, chief mine inspector,
who will render you any assistance desired in
this matter.
Very truly yours.
MYRON T. HERRICK,
Columbus. Ohio. Governor.
August S, 1905.
As a result of this action Mr. Harrison has sent
a copy of the following letter to all of the district
mine inspectors of the state:
To the District Mine Inspectors:
Dear Sirs:—Herewith enclosed find copy of
letter from Governor Herrick to the Hon. Wade
H. Ellis, which is self-explanatory. The attorney
general and the Hon. W. H. Miller, one of his
assistants, anticipate making a number of visits
with the writer during the middle of September
to various parts of the state to make a personal
examination as to the changed conditions of mining
and the necessity for a revision of the mining
laws so as to report such findings to the Governor
and enable him to act intelligently in making
recommendations to the next general assembly
on the subject.
We would be obliged if you will advise us at
once of any places in your district where there
have been the greatest changes, and where themost
modern coal producing machinery has been installed,
with any other information or suggestions
that you consider of interest in this line.
Very truly yours,
GEO. HARRISON,
Columbus. Ohio. Chief Inspector of Mines.
August 10, 1905.
M. C. L. Scroggs, secretary of the commission
of the Illinois Coal Operators' Association, will
join a party of friends in Denver and make a
trip to Portland and the exposition. Thence the
party will go by steamer to San Francisco and
after visiting California points of interest will
return to Denver and thence home.
* * *
Mr. James Kerr, president of the Beech Creek
Coal & Coke Co.. New York, sailed recently for
Europe, where he will remain until about September
first. On arriving abroad he will meet Mrs.
Kerr at Paris, she having sailed at an earlier
date with Mrs. Patton, widow of the late Senator
A. E. Patton, of Clearfield, Pa.
* * *
Secretary R. E. Harris, of the Iowa and Nebraska
Retail Coal Dealers' Association, is preparing
a Coal Shippers' Guide, which will be
issued semi-annually, giving a complete list of
all coal buyers in the two states, including dealeis
in towns where the association has members.
* * *
Mr. John E. Berwind. president of the Berwind-
White Coal Mining Co.. of New York, accompanied
by his daughter, Miss Julia Berwind, is now
abroad touring Europe.
* * *
Mr. George W. Theis, of the Monongahela River
Consolidated Coal & Coke Co.. is home after an
extensive trip through the south.
A disease known as "four-day" fever has affected
so large a percentage of the population in the
Hazleton district, of Pennsylvania, that mining
operations have been seriously interferred with.

COAL TRADE COMPARISONS
BASED ON ILLINOIS REPORT.
The following excerpt from the Illinois coal report
for 1904, besides presenting some interesting
comparisons, shows that conditions in the state
were much better last year than this, and that some
of this year's important events in the trade, particularly
in the matter of legislation, were at least
partially foreseen:
As one of the basic industries of the country.
the business of coal mining continues strong and
active. The year just closed has been in every
respect the most prosperous for the Illinois miners.
This state maintains its lead, notwithstanding the
wonderful development of the past few years, as
the second largest coal producer in the country.
Figures for 1904 indicate an aggregate tonnage in
excess of thirty-seven millions. This total, divided
by the number of coal miners, gives an
average per capita product of but a fraction less
than 1,000 tons, an amount relatively greater than
during any previous period. This showing is the
more remarkable when compared with the per
capjita product of foreign countries. For the
United Kingdom it is 287 tons; Germany. 242 tons;
France, 198 tons; and Belgium, 166 tons. The
disparity in these figures shows that the miners employed
in the United States are vastly more productive
than are their European competitors. The
difference in favor of the miner in America is not
due, it is fair to say, to superior skill as a workman;
on the contrary, it is but just to admit that,
considered from the point of handicraft, the
foreign and particularly the British miner is the
better workman, in fact the best class of pick men
in American mines today come from the British
Isles. The American miner's superiority as a producer
is explained in the fact that better and easier
conditions of mining prevail here; besides, machinery
is utilized to a greater extent in the mining
of coal, as in other industrial departments in this
country, than anywhere else In thicker coal
seams of this state the necessity for the pick miner
seems to have entirely disappeared. Even the
physical exercise formerly required in drilling has
been obviated through the introduction of machines
for that purpose.
The immediate commercial effect of this is shown
in the diminished value of the output, which is most
important when the nation's manufacturing power
is considered. The country having access to the
greatest supply of cheap coal is destined to lead in
the struggle of nations. To this fact more, we
believe, than to any other, can be justly ascribed
the constantly increasing power of the American
nation.
There are employed in the coal mines of Great
Britain nearly 900,000 men. and they produced
last year fully fifty million tons of coal less than
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
the 525.000 miners employed in the Uuited States:
while the cost or value of the product, there was
nearly $100,000,000 more. We select Great Britain
for the purpose of comparison because it is the
most advanced of European countries, and until
quite recently was first in the list of manufacturing
nations. Those who have had experience in
both countries know that investments in coal properties
yield very much larger profits there than
here.
Aside from those that are pecuniarily interested
in the coal business, the chief concern of the
humanitarian is the loss of lives incident to the
operation of the mines. Mortality from different
causes seems to keep pace with the volume of production.
The year covered by this report exceeds
all others, the number killed being 157, or 2.S7
per 1,000 employes. This is more than one-half
over the fatal accident rate in the British mines.
The number of non-fatal accidents was 507, an increase
of ninety-seven over the previous year.
According to the table of classified causes, onehalf
of the fatal and non-fatal accidents resulted
from falling coal and rock. It is impossible to
determine the per cent, of accidents listed under
this head, due to the use of powder. Although the
majority of them accrue in the districts where the
method of blasting off the solid prevails. Whatever
the causes, whether they result from the lack
of knowledge in the preparation of blasts, the drilling
of dead holes, the adulteration of explosives,
the accumulation of dust on the roadways, blasting
off the solid, or the indifference or carelessness
of men accustomed to the dangers of the miner's
occupation, the death rate particularly is entirely
too high and some other measures should be tried
to reduce it. It was hoped the law passed by the
last general assembly, limiting the quantity of
powder to be used in any one blast, would diminish
the fatalities heretofore due to that source. The law
has been in force nearly two years and the number
of fatal accidents, instead of diminishing, has,
in fact, increased. Either its requirements have
not been observed by the miners, or the facts are
strangely out of joint with our expectations. Of
several propositions that have been offered, two
are worthy of some consideration. The first, proposed
by representatives of coal operators, is that
the present run of mine system be abolished and
the miners required to under-cut or shear the coal.
To require that all coal be undermined would.
to a very great extent, dispense with the necessity
for powder and naturally avoid the accidents due
to the use of explosives; and that regardless of
whether the present system of paying for mining
coal is to be continued or not. The objections
urged to this plan are two-fold: First, that the
mine run system of this state is provided for by
contract, presumably satisfactory to both interests

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
and which, under its terms, will continue until
the 31st of March, 1906; and second, the low' rate
of mining fixed by the same contract, was made
possible in consequence of the general and recognized
practice of blasting off the solid. If the interest
of the mine operators in the cause of reducing
accidents is strong enough and sincere enough
to warrant a return to the methods of the pick
miners, and their employment favored in preference
to that of the coal "butcher," then they must
be prepared to concede a substantial advance in
the mining rate fixed for the thicker seams. On
the other hand, the miner, or many of them, think
the number of accidents would be materially
lessened through the enactment of a law requiring
the employment, at the company's expense, of
men to be known as shot firers, whose duties would
be, after the miners had quit work for the day,
to visit each working place and discharge such
shots as in their judgment should be fired.
RECORD SHIPMENT OF COAL
FROM PITTSBURGH DISTRICT.
The largest one-day coal shipment in the history
of the American coal business was made on July
31, when sometnmg more than 9.000.000 bushels
of coal left the Pittsburgh harbor for Louisville
and Cincinnati.
The following table shows the names of the
principal boats and their divided shipments. A
coal boat carries 25,000 bushels of coal, a coal
barge 15,000 bushels and a coal flat 10,000 bushels
of coal. It takes from six to eight feet of water
for a shipment of coal flats and barges, and ten
feet of water for a coal boat.
Name of Steamer Boats
Ironsides
Joseph Walton
Volunteer
Tom Rees No. 2
Dave Wood
Charley Brown
Ed. Roberts
Sam Brown 12
Tom Dodsworth 10
Exporter 12
Coal City 12
Rover
Frank Gilmore
Josh Cook 2
Boaz 10
Andy Axton
Clyde
Carvon 5
Gleaner 12
Robert Jenkins .... 5
Barnes. Flats.
12
12
22
12
15
14
14
0
3
3
10
12
7
o
4
o
o
3
1
3
3
3
4
2
3
4
1
1
9
o
4
2
1
Total
Bushels.
200,000
210,000
340,000
210,000
225,000
240,000
240,000
340,000
300,000
375,000
385.000
160,000
190,000
185,000
320,000
60,000
20,000
125,000
3b5,000
125,000
Tornado 10 . . 150,000
T. W. Thomas .... 8 3 2 265.000
I. N. Bunton 5 . . 1 135,000
Sam Clark 10 3 2 365,000
Iron Age 12 3 4 385,000
Charley Clark 5 . . . . 125.000
Bertha 5 . . . . 125,000
Voyager 5 . . . . 125,000
Rival 10 .. 150,000
W. W. O'Neil 11 2 3 335,000
Cadet 6 . . 90,000
The present year promises to equal the great
record made in 1896, when a coal shipment was
made from Pittsburgh every month. That year
there was plenty of work for rivermen, and this
year they have not been idle. In 1896 a great
quantity of coal was shipped from Pittsburgh,
but with the new methods in vogue the shipments
of the present year, with anything like an even
break in the weather, will exceed the shipments of
nine years ago by a big margin. In June of this
year there were over 15,000,000 bushels of coal
shipped in a few days, and millions of bushels
were shipped before and after that time.
It is the accepted rule with rivermen that if
there is a June rise that will permit a coal shipment
being made nothing more will be done in
the same line until September at least. But this
year, instead of an ordinary river swell in June
it attained a goodly size, the shipping record for
the month being broken. Early in July another
shipment of coal was made.
Pennsylvania Ruling on Option Limits.
The Pennsylvania supreme court recently hand­
ed down a decision as to the expiration of options
on coal land. These options were owned by W.
H. Stamey. J. C. King and E. D. Carter, who
bought them from John McGaughey. They were
obtained several years ago and McGaughey did
not make a sale of the coal, so the farmers who
gave the options contended, until after the options
had expired. In the meantime the owners of the
land were offered more money for their property
and at the expiration of the options they sold it
to other interests, contending that McGaughey
had no authority to dispose of the coal. These
options had been recorded in the county court
house, and to clear the title to the land the
farmers asked that they be striken from the record.
Upon appeal to the supreme court of the
state it was held that McGaughey had no equity
in the property after the option expired, sustaining
the original owners' contention and striking
the options from the records.

» CONSTRUCTION and DEVELOPMENT. K
Interests behind the Clinchfield Corporation have
decided on plans for a 300 mile railroad to their
extensive bituminous coal lands in Virginia, an
enterprise which will involve an expenditure of
from $15,000,000 to $20,000,000. Alfred Walters,
formerly president of the Lehigh Valley railroad
will be made president of a holding corporation
which is to provide funds for the enterprise, and
he will later become head of the road. The properties
of the Clinchfield Corporation embrace
about 250,000 acres of coal land in Wyeth and
Dickenson counties and extending into a third
county. The company at present owns a branch
line, the South and Western railroad, which will
be the nucleus of the new road.
The Pennsylvania Steel Co. has bought sixteen
acres of ground in Highspire, Pa., upon which it
will erect 120 coke ovens at once. The ovens will
be modern in every respect. The gas will be used
for fuel . The ovens will be of the same pattern
as those of the company at their plants at Lebanon
and Sparrow's Point.
A. S. Vandergraff and J. W. Miller, of Tuscaloosa,
Ala., are promoting the organization of
a conipany for the purpose of developing a tract
of about 3,000 acres of coal lands near Tuscaloosa.
The quality of the coal is said to be very
similar to that mined at Brookwood.
The Indian Coal & Mining Co.. with offices at
South McAlester, I. T., is preparing to develop coal
mines at Pocahontas, I. T.. investing $50,000 in
the enterprise. The capacity of the mines when
development work shall have been completed will
be about 500 tons per day.
The Alabama Consolidated Coal & Iron Co. will
shortly erect a modern coke oven plant at Lewisburg,
Ala., at an expenditure of about $70,000.
Another coke plant will be erected at Searles,
where the company has coal mines.
The South Fayette Coke Co., has been organized
at Uniontown, Pa., with a capital of $100,000 to
develop coking coal land near Leckrone. The
company will build 112 ovens.
The Vandalia Coal Co. has bought 2,000 acres
of coal lands in what is known as the G. W.
Hill district, northwest of Bicknell, Ind., and will
develop them at once.
The West Virginia Coal Co., Morgantown, W.
Va.. is about to install a modern coal mining plant
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
and will build several hundred coke ovens at
Kingwooed, W. Va.
The Carnegie uoal Co., has begun work on its
new mine at Oakdale, in the Panhandle district
of the Pittsburgh field. Employment will be given
to about 200 men.
The Meyersdale Coal Co., Meyersdale, Pa., has
purchased 30 acres of coal land near Listie, somerset
county. Pa., and will commence development
work at once.
Big Falls Mining Co., Parkersburg, W. Va.;
capital, $50,000; incorporators, W. S. Mowris, of
Bartlesville, I. T.; A. C. Murdock, J. N. Murdock,
T. O. Bullock and B. F. Hazelrigg, of Parkersburg.
—+—
William H. Slaughter, Jr., Coal Co., Louisville,
Ky.; capital, $10,000; incorporators, W. H. Slaughter,
Jr.. Helen Israel, S. T. Slaughter, W. H.
Semonin.
1
American Cannel Coal Co.. Cannelton, Ind.;
capital, $100,000; Samuel W. Dexter, New York,
president: James C. Shallcross, Cannellton, secretary-treasurer.
—+—
Browne-Williams Coal Co., Springfield. 111.:
capital, $100,000; incorporators, Thomas J.
Browne, George J. Munroe, Albert L. Teele.
1
Southampton Anthracite Coal Co.. Camden. N.
J.; capital. $200,000; incorporators, A. G. Bennett,
W. N. Brooks and George Anderson.
—+—
New Erie Coal Co., Jersey City, N. J.; capital,
$100,000; incorporators, Louis B. Daily, Thomas
F. Barrett, L. H. Gunther, Jersey City.
—+—
Collins McEwen Coal Co., Ft. Dodge, la.; capital,
$5,000; Frank Collins, president; Henry .1.
Collins, secretary and treasurer.
—+ —
Pryor Coal Co., Greensburg, Pa.; capital. $10.-
000; directors, Lucien Clawson, James A. Bennett.
John R. Turner, Thos. E. Wible.
1—•
Excelsior Coal & Lumber Corporation, Richmond,
Va.; capital. $500,000; incorporators not
named.
Goodman Coal & Coke Co.. Nashville, Tenn.;
capital, $100,000.
—+—
Superior Coal Co., New York City; capital,
$3,500,000.

4U THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
EXTENSIVE IMPROVEMENTS IN*
LOWER CONNELLSVILLE FIELD
Taking advantage of the summer slump in the
coke business, a number of independent operators
in the southern end of the Connellsville region
are improving their plants. Many thousands of
dollars are being expended and hundreds of men,
idle because of the slow coke business, have found
work on the improvements. The work is prepara­
tory to what coke men think will be the best "last
quarter's" business in the history of the region.
In the extreme southern end the Sunshine Coal
& Coke Co. has started the erection of a large coal
washer and crusher. The contractor expects to
complete the work in three months. The capacity
will lie 600 tons a day. and over 100,000 feet of
heavy timber will be used in its construction.
Another force is constructing 20 conipany houses
and a large general store. In addition, the comiiany
is building 50 additional ovens. This will
give the plant 100 ovens, and make it one of the
most up to-date and easiest plants in the region
to operate. Work is being pushed so that all the
improvements will be completed by November 1.
Adjoining the Sunshine plant the grading has
been started for the erection of 200 ovens at the
Southern Coal & Coke co.'s works, formerly the
old Riverview works. The company contemplates
the building of 400 ovens altogether, which with
the present number, 222, will make the plant the
largest in the Lower Connellsville region. A
washer with a capacity of 1,600 tons per day and
many new houses will be added to the works.
The La Belle Co., at Fredericktown has let a
contract for the building of a washer of 600 ton
capacity. Joseph Falters has started the con­
struction of a mile and a half railroad and 80
ovens near Ache Junction to develop the Semans-
Abraham coal tract there. The Orient Coke Co.
is erecting 20 double blocks of houses on Dunlaps
creek. The Briar Hill Co. at New Salem is also
carrying on a general line of improvements. Both
companies will spend in the neighborhood of
$50,000. The latter company has 300 ovens completed
and 70 more in course of construction, besides
many houses.
The extension of the Pittsburgh, Virginia &
Charleston railroad from West Brownsville to
Rices Landing, whicn has been authoritatively
announced, will be of vast benefit to Southern
Fayette county. The route has been surveyed for
some time, but no definite movement to build it
was started until a few days ago.
While no definite announcement has been made
there is considerable talk of the extension of ihe
Monongahela river road to Point Marion. The
uad terminates at Martin, ,

COMPARISON OF ELECTRICAL
AND AIR EQUIPMENT IN MINES.
Iii a recent article on the subject, G. E. Lynch,
thus sums up the comparative advantages of
electricity and compressed air in operating coal
cutters. The advantages of electrical equipment
are given as follows:
1. Greater power economy, amounting to 54
per cent, over the punchers and 37 per cent, over
air-driven chain breast machines.
2. Possibility of use without change of equipment
for coal cutting, haulage, and lighting of
plant and town.
3. Ease of extension with growth of mine.
4. Possibility of moving machines by power
trucks driven by the machine motor, thus with the
use of small gathering locomotives, dispensing
entirely with mules and horses underground.
5. Smaller number of machines as compared
to puncher work, repuiring fewer skilled operators
to maintain the production.
6. Smaller outlay necessary for the installation
of electric power plant as compared with air plant
and less expense of maintenance.
7. Copper feeder wires in mines do not materially
depreciate in value while air pipes in mines
depreciate very rapidly, due to action of mine
water and rust.
A summary of the disadvantages includes:
1. Possibility of explosions and fire from sparking
at machines, leaks or short circuits in line,
etc., in gaseous mines.
2. Injury to men and animals from leaks in line,
accidental contact with live wires, etc., and reluctance
of men to handle machines on this account.
3. Losses due to difficulty of insulation in wet
mines.
The advantages of compressed air may be
stated as:
1. Safety in gaseous mines and freedom from
danger to men and animals from line.
2. Aid to ventilation from exhaust of machines.
The disadvantages include:
1. Lack of economy in power.
2. Losses due to lack of care in maintaining
proper proportion of pipes and keeping joints and
valves tight and from depreciation in value of
pipes.
3. Impossibility of using the compressed air
for haulage without compressing to 600 or 800
pounds, and consequent losses if an attempt is
made to utilize this high pressure for coal cutting
by lowering to 80 pounds with reducing valves.
The Pall Mall Gazette, of London, announces that
it has received information that an American
syndicate is negotiating for the purchase of several
coal mines near Bolton in Lancashire.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
• LONG WALL BRUSHINGS. •
New England editors are lying awake nights estimating
the important consequences of the Boston
& Maine railroad experiments with peat fuel taken
from the beds near Lexington, Mass. They have
figured that Lexington is about to put the coal
trade out of business for the next 250 years, but
the producers of black diamonds have not yet
begun to cut prices in that section.
—o—•
Some of our esteemed contemporaries are pathetically
calling attention to the fact that Muchakinock
the once famed mining town of Iowa has
been abandoned because its supposedly limitless
supply of coal has petered out. It doesn't seem
to have occurred to anyone that the coal seam
might have sunk under the name imposed upon
it.
—o—
So great was the interest in the historic Nottingham
breaker of the Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre Coal
Co., at Plymouth. Pi., tnrough which more coal has
been run in a day than any other similar structure
on earth, that its demolition was attended by a
crowd of relic hunters, four of whom were seriously
injured in the scramble for souvenirs.
—o—
The city of Baltimore enthuses over the scarehead
announcement that a record tow of 10,000
tons of coal has been pulled out of that port. If
such a tonnage formed the top figure of an Ohio
river shipment it would be regarded as little short
of a calamity.
— o —
Evidently there is something in a name. A halfdozen
men employed in the Maule mine near Belleville,
111., are in jail for "mauling" a fellow miner
whom they accused of working too hard.
Low Fares West and Southwest.
Special Home-Seekers' Excursions via
Pennsylvania Lines.
Anyone contemplating a trip West may take advantage
of the reduced fares for the special Home-
Seekers' excursions via Pennsylvania Lines to
points in Colorado, Idaho. Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota,
Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, the Dakotas,
Oregon, Washington, Texas and other sections in
the West and in all the States of the South.
Stop-over privileges permit travelers to investigate
business openings. These tickets will be on
sale certain dates during the summer. Detailed
information as to fares, through time, etc., will
be freely furnished upon application to J. K.
Dillon. District Passenger Agent, 515 Park Building,
Pittsburgh, Pa.

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The Bituminous Region committee of the Penn­
sylvania Young Men's Christian Association, with
headquarters at Greensburg, is closing a successful
year. Since three years ago about thirty different
associations have been organized in mining towns,
the association having approximately 3,000 mem­
bers. Nearly all the larger coal companies are interested
in the movement, and a number have
erected buildings, in some places provided equipment.
Several buildings will be erected this
summer.
That the coal property of the Alaska Petroleum
& Coal Co., at Catalla, Alaska, will prove to be
one of the most valuable in the world is the
opinion of Clark Davis, vice president and general
manager of the coinpany, who is now in the
North. In a recent letter Mr. Davis tells of an in­
spection made of the property and says that it
is his opinion there is enough coal in sight in that
vicinity to make it a paying proposition for generations.
At the preliminary hearing of the case of the
A. C. Fulmer Coal Co.. against the Morgantown &
Kingwood railroad Co.. held on July 26, before
Judge Dayton, at Phillipi, W. Va., the motion of
the defendant company to quash the alternative
mandamus was denied by the court. Depositions
will be taken, and an effort will Le made to have
the case submitted for final hearing at the September
term of the superior court.
The Indiana Railroad Commissioners have ordered
the Southern Railway Co.. to make a reduction
in the rate on coal from the coal fields of
Pike county. Ind.. to New Albany and interme­
diate points. The new rate from Winslow to all
points beitween Huntingburg and New Albany
will be 40 cents per ton, a reduction from the old
rate of from 25 to 45 cents.
The Somerset Coal Co.. controlled in Baltimore
as an ally of the Consolidation & Fairmont Coal
companies, has just closed a contract with the Interborough
Rapid Transit Co., of New York, for
400,000 tons of coal to be delivered within 12
months. The Baltimore & Ohio railroad will
handle the coal from the Somerset company's
mines at Somerset, Pa.
From present indications this will be the worst
year for accidents in the history of the anthracite
coal fields. 388 men already having heen killed
this year. In the Thirteenth district alone there
have been 27 fatal accidents, only four less than
the entire number for last year. The figures of
the Twelfth district show a similar state of affairs.
The long-deferred trial of the suit of Attorney
Wales, of Binghamton, N. Y., against John Mitchell,
president of the IT. M. W. of A., will occur
at Binghamton next month. Wales seeks to recover
a large sum of money for services alleged
to have been rendered in the settlement of the
anthracite strike of 1902.
The Southern Connellsville Coke Co., capitalized
at $300,000 and recently chartered at Harrisburg,
has elected the following directors: W. C. Magee,
Pittsburgh; I. W. Semans, George Whyel, S. I.
Harry, Thomas Morrison, I. H. Brownfleld and
James Henderson, Uniontown, and John Husband,
of Mt. Pleasant.
FEMALE AND CHILD LABOR IN ITALY.
The recent modifications of the Italian labor
law of 1902, governing the employment of women
and children, provide that children of either sex
under 12 years will not be allowed to work in any
factory or mine. This provision is practically
extended also to any trade. For admission to work
in mines, tunnels, and so forth, children must have
attained the age of 13 years where there is electric
traction, and 14 years where there is no electrictraction;
and women and girls are excluded altogether
from this class of labor, regardless of
age. In work of a heavy, unhealthy, or dangerous
nature, the new laws provide that no boys under 15
years of age shall be employed, or females under
the age of 21. In Sicily, under certain circumstances,
boys of 13 years will be allowed to continue
in the employments where they are now engaged
until July 1, 1907, after which the age limit
will be 14 years under the conditions named
above. Night work will not legally exceed nine
hours out of any twenty-four, and in cases where
night and day shifts are used the reliefs shall be
made every eight hours.
Chicago Coal Men's Picnic.
The third annual picnic of the Chicago coal men
on August 12. was an unqualified success. The
affair was held at Ravinia park, which is about
20 miles north of Chicago and near the lake.
Music, field sports, boating, bathing and fishing
provided ample amusement and a royal good time
was had by all present. The sports, for which
prizes were given to the winners included everything
from base ball to a potato race. J. K.
Deering, F. L. Jewett and H. H. Taylor, judged
the various events.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
STATISTICS ON LABOR
Switzerland voted in every canton a compulsory
INSURANCE IN EUROPE. insurance law against sickness and accident based,
In view of the approach of the seventh annual with a few modifications, upon the principles of
session of the international congress of working- the German law. This failed to satisfy the people,
men's insurance, to be held in Vienna, Austria, and it was rejected May 20, 1900, by a vote of
September 17 to 23, at the invitation of the 341,914 against 14S.035. The federal council some
Austrian government and the mayor of that city, time after asked the permanent commission of
United States Consul Haynes, at Rouen, France, workingmen's insurance to draft a new law better
has gathered and sent to the department of labor suited to the needs of the country. It is also a
and commerce the main facts concerning work­ question in Switzerland to create compulsory inmen's
insurance in various countries.
surance against old age. At present railroad and
In Belgium the insurance against accident and steamboat workmen are admitted to the pensions
disability is obligatory for miners. Moreover, created by these two enterprises. These pensions
since January 1, 1900, the government has a are under the control and supervision of the state.
national fund for retiring pensions which is vol­ A pension of $S7 is allowed by the government
untary and insures to each of its members when of New Zealand to the indigent aged who have
sixty-five years old a pension of $69.50.
inhabited the country uninterruptedly for twenty-
The insurance of miners has also been comfive years without any legal condemnation. Every
pulsory in Austria since 1889. The least insurance old person who has come to the pension age gets
is $41 for men and $20.50 for women. Insurance the entire pension if he has a personal revenue
against sickness and accident is also obligatory of $1,164 or less. For each $4.80 above the law
for those employed in industrial and agricultural diminishes his pension accordingly.
pursuits, but accident insurance can in no case ex­ There is perhaps no country in the world where
ceed 60 per cent, of the annual wages.
workmen are so protected by the state or are so
From the sixtieth year in Denmark, the needy cared for as in Germany. Even clerks, shop assist­
receive help in varying proportion, the State and ants and servants are compelled to insure. This
the commune contributing equally.
insurance is effected by pasting into a book certain
For the last fifteen years a workman's insurance stamps every week, and it is the duty of every em­
committee has existed in Sweden, and since 1886, ployer to see that this is faithfully done.
the riksdag has put aside yearly $428,800, which In the German empire there are three insurances
sum is to cover the first expense when the law for for workmen, all of which are obligatory and under
the insurance of workmen is voted.
the authority of the imperial insurance office—viz:
In Norway accident insurance for all industrially sickness, accident, old age or infirmity. This in­
employed whose salary does not exceed $290 is
compulsory.
In Hungary insurance is obligatory for employes
surance is mutual and its administration autonomous
under state control. It embraces, without
distinction of nationality, all persons working in
of both sexes working in industrial establishments Germany.
—mines, furnaces, quarries, docks, yards, railroads, Disability and old age insurance in the German
interior navigation, posts, telegraphs and tele­ empire is obligatory from the sixteenth year and
phones and in commerce—if their wages do not embraces every workman earning over $482. It
exceed $2.15 a day. All members are assured (1) is optional for workmen whose annual earnings
free medical treatment, together with meuicine, are more than $742. The resources for this in­
for twenty weeks; (2) food for at least twenty surance are furnished "by the employer, the em­
weeks; (3) aid in childbirth and (4) burial exployed and the state, the latter giving toward each
penses.
There exists in Italy a voluntary insurance
abainst sickness and disability andan obligatory
insurance against accidents. For a disability pension
one must have been insured for twenty-five
years and be sixty years old.
All workmen in Finland are authorized to insure
against sickness, the cost of which is borne
equally by the employer and employe. All differences
are settled by arbitration. Every workman
in an industrial establishment gaining more than
pension a uniform subvention of $12 and paying
the workman's dues during the time he is serving
his military term. All remaining expenses are
shared equally by the employer and employe, who
pay according to the five classes into which the
imperial insurance office has arranged the insured
—viz: (1) workmen gaining no more than $84
pay 3.3 cents per week; (2) a wage not greater
than $133 pays 4.8 cents weekly; (3) a maximum
wage of $205 pays 5.8 cents; (4) a maximum
wage of $277 pays 7.24 cents, and (5) a wage be­
$145 is compelled to insure against accidents. The tween $277 and $482.50 pays 8.68 cents weekly.
accident fund, to which the workman contributes The amount paid by the workman is deposited in
nothing, is created by the employers and the state. the bureau of his employer, who buys special
On October 25, 1899. the federal council of stamps and affixes them to the employe's receipt

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
after having deducted from his wages the amount
due.
The niininiuni of disability or infirmity pension,
which is not allowed for less than 200 weeks' work,
is $28 for the first class, $31 for the second, $32.50
for the third, $34 for the fourth and $36 for the
fifth class. After fifty years, or 2,000 weeks, of work
these pensions are increased to $44.75 for the first
class, $65 for the second, $79.50 for the third, $94
for the fourth and $108.50 for the fifth.
An old age pension is paid to every insured
workman of seventy years or over who has deposited
not less than 1,200 weekly dues. The dues
deposited for the employe by the state during
military service is counted among these 1.200 as
well as temporary interruptions. Old age pensions
of the first class amount to $26, second class $34,
third class $41. fourth class $48 and fifth class
$55.50.
AMERICAN COAL IN ONTARIO.
United States Consul General Holloway, Halifax,
Nova Scotia, reports that during the last
fiscal year 4,252.333 tons of soft coal were imported
into Canada from the United States, practically
all of which was taken by Ontario. Some
of this coal was produced in Ohio and shipped
across Lake Erie in vessels; the remainder was
Pennsylvania coal, which entered Canada by rail
via the Suspension bridge route. After the duty
has been paid this coal can still be sold at a considerably
lower figure than that for which the
Nova Scotia product can be delivered, owing to
the cost of transportation and the royalty exacted
by the government of Nova Scotia from its coal
producers upon every ton of coal mined in consideration
of the protection afforded them by the
Dominion tariff.
From this latter feature arises much of the
dissatisfaction of the Ontario steam users; they
assert that they pay 67 cents a ton duty and get
no return, as no Ontario industry is benefited by
the tax which all have to pay. Neither do the
Nova Scotia mine owners derive any advantage
from the duty on this tonnage, as practically none
of their coal goes to Ontario, and therefore their
interests would not be adversely affected if coal
from the United States were admitted into that
province free of duty. Petitions have been made
to the Nova Scotia government asking that a
remission of this fee be made on coal shipped
west of Montreal, but such requests have always
been refused. If this royalty did not exist, the
Nova Scotia coal might possibly reach some parts
of Ontario, and to that extent displace the Pennsylvania
and Ohio product.
This state of affairs has set the Ontario manu­
facturers to discussing the question as to why
they should continue to pay a duty on United
States coal for the benefit of Nova Scotia, when
that province refuses to put its own coal within
their reach, and they insist that there will be no
cessation of efforts to secure a more equitable
arrangement.
MISS MORRIS URGES MINERS
TO BEAUTIFY THEIR HOMES.
Miss Elizabeth Catherine Morris, secretary to
President John Mitchell, of the United Mine Work­
ers, who is touring the anthracite region with him,
is so full of enthusiasm in the work of improving
the condition of the mine workers that she is
suggesting an improvement according to her own
ideas. Impressed with the beauty of the Wyoming
valley and other places, and also with the
general unsightliness of the miners' villages, she
is advocating an effort at adornment by the aid
of nature, which would transform many of the
ugly cottages and houses into bowers of beauty.
The majority of the mine workers neither cultivate
their gardens nor evince any desire to beautify
their homes.
Miss Morris says: "Could anything be more
beauRjful than the laurel-crowned mountains of
the Wyoming valley, or anything more unlovely
than the culm-capped hills of the same region?
And in some cases the people dwelling in what
should be this paradise of beauty seem to have
caught the spirit of destroying man and to conspire
to make their homes as unattractive as are
the surroundings of the breakers.
"I do not know whether mountain laurel will
grow in the soil that is found in the yards of the
miners' dwellings; but it seems not impossible
that proper soil could be brought, without much
effort, to the yard. And how a man whose house
backs up against a hill transfigured by these blossoms
can allow his door yard to be barren even
of grass, to be littered with old boards and tomato
cans, to be the permanent abode of chickens, is a
paradox it is difficult to comprehend.
"I suppose, though, it has never occurred to
him to have any of this beauty within his own
gate. Won't you try it, anthracite miners? See
what you can do at the expense of a little time and
money to reedeem portions of Pennsylvania from
the curse of being hideous and make them blossom
like the rose.
"Some places in Wilkesbarre, in Sugar Notch,
in Nanticoke, some homes in Hazleton. in Mahanoy
City and Shenandoah are bowers of beauty. Surely
with the laurels and the ferns growing so abundantly
on the hillside the miners' homes should not
be unadorned."

THE SOCIALIST VIEW.
That the socialists mean to be on deck at the
coming convention of the American Federation of
Labor at Pittsburgh is evident from the following
resolution sired by the United Hat and Cap
Makers of North America and which will be sub­
mitted to the convention committee on resolu­
tion's:
"Whereas, in the natural development of the
present system of capitalism, based upon private
ownership of the tools of production, the class
struggle between those that produce things and
those that appropriate things has reached a point
where old forms, methods and spirit of trade
unionism, although indispensable to resist the
greediness and tyranny of employers, are absolutely
impotent to resist the aggressions of concentrated
capital, sustained as it is by all the
agencies of government; and
"Whereas, the manifestation of the class struggle
lias lately assumed a form which can leave no
doubt in the minds of the fair-minded people as
to the ugliness and ferociousness of the spirit of
capital at the least attempt of organized labor to
assert its American spirit of independence—the
bull pens ot Colorado and Idaho being the most
notorious examples of the anarchist state into
wliich capital, under the spiritual guidance of the
Parry-Stillman-Cushman crowd, is ready to plunge
our entire society, thus endangering the existence
01 our Republic; therefore, be it
"Resolved, that we, the accredited representatives
of the trade unions affiliated with the American
Federation of Labor, in convention assembled.
do hereby proclaim the organized workers to be
a class conscious of its economic strength, aware
of its political rights, determined to resist wrong
at every step and with every available means, political
as well as industrial, and pledged to put
an end to the barbarous class struggle through
the ultimate restoration of all the means of production
and distribution to the people as a collective
body; and further, be it
"Resolved, that a commission be appointed by
this body to submit before the next (twenty-sixth)
yearly convention of the A. F. of L.. a plan of
action in harmony with the letter and spirit of
the above declarations; and, be it further
"Resolved, that all organizations affiliattd with
the American Federation of Labor be requested to
discuss the above declaration fully and intelligently
at specially called meetings and that the
labor press be urged to open their columns for a
free discussion of this subject, which is of vital
importance to all mankind."
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
FOR SALE.
Five hundred acres South Connellsville cok­
ing coal for sale; vein vf2 feet thick, 212 feet
deep.. Two railroads through the tract and sur­
rounded by 5,000 ovens in operation; 500 within
one hundred yards of this coal. Six shafts on
Analysis of Coal
Moisture, .32
VolatMe
Matter, 33.08
Fixed Car
bod, 57.17
Ash, 9.13
Sulphur, .98
three sides within one quarter mile;
two shafts less than 200 feet from
this coal. One half mile frontage on
Monongabe'a river. A fine grade
of coking coal. Inquire of
A. R. STRUBLE,
Masontown, Fayette, Co., Pa.
FOR SALE.
Al condition, 60,000 lbs. capacity HOPPER
BOTTOM GONDOLA CARS. We had 1,500 of these;
have just sold 256, which have passed Hunt's
Inspection; balance for sale at low price; equip­
ped with Westinghouse Air Brakes; built accord­
ing to P. R. R. Standard Specifications; will stand
most rigid inspection.
If not as represented, will pay Inspector's ex­
penses.
Also have IS practically new 80,000 lb rapacity
HOPPER BOTTOM COAL CARS. Wire us for prices.
A. V. KAISER & CO.,
222 so. Third Street, Philauclphia.
FOR SALE.
Seventy-five acres of coal land in sight of Glen
Hope, Pa., and two railroads, viz: N. Y. C. and P.
R. R. Also 200 acres mineral right near
Lajose, Pa.; 30 acres of surface will be given
free. Both properties will be sold at a bargain;
owner leaving this state. Write "Dotts," Box 26,
Glen Hope, Pa.
The deepest anthracite mining shaft in the
world has been finished at Brookside colliery, near
Tremont, Pa. It has been sunk more than a third
of a mile, or to be exact, 1,850 feet. The shaft
will be used for both coal and water hoisting and
inaugurates extensive plans which the Philadelphia
& Reading Coal & Iron Co. has under way
for deep-seated mining. This mine is the largest
producer in the southern anthracite coal fields.

t «< ©OJiL..
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
No. I BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N. Y.
M M M M M 1
^
. PEACOCK & KEBRS
ANU
C
•
^
> » >
W. S. WALLACE. SECRETARY, E. E. WALLING, GEN-L SALES AGENT.
NORTH AMERICAN BUILDING,
PHILADELPHIA, PENNA.
m
•

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
Had a Currency of Its Own. »-
The Lyttle Coal Co., of Lyttle, Tex., has sur­
rendered to government officials 1,819 pieces of
brass which have been used by the company in
paying wages to its miners and accepted as cash
at various stores of the town. The checks were
subject to discount when presented as currency.
They were in denominations from five cents to $1
and were regularly coined and milled. Secret
service men assert that the use of this species of
money is in direct violation of the federal statutes
and the manner of its use at Lyttle is a violation
of the counterfeiting laws. A criminal action
may be brought against the company.
The south is rapidly increasing its importance
in the production of coal. The annual output of
the states contiguous to the Mississippi now exceeds
$45,000,000 in value of the total, Alabama
mines. $12,500,000; Arkansas, $2,500,000; Georgia,
$600,000; Indian territory, $4,300,000; Kansas, $7,-
000,000; Kentucky, $6,600,000; Missouri, $5,500,-
000; Tennessee, $5,500,000. and Texas, $2,000,000.
The deposits have scarcely been touched, those of
Alabama alone being estimated at 108,000,000,000
tons.
I*-
(INCORPORATED.
Over-Sunday Outing.
Conneaut Laic and return. $2.50.
Erie and return, $3.00.
Ashtabula and return, $2.50.
North East, and return, $3.25.
Week-end excursion tickets will be sold Saturdays
from Pittsburgh, Allegheny, Sewickley, Heaver,
Rochester, New Brighton. Beaver Falls and
New Castle, via Pennsylvania Lines at the following
round trip fares: To Erie, $3.00; to Conneaut
1 ike, $2.50; to Ashtabula, $2.50; to North mast,
$3.25. Return limit includes Monday, permitting
Over-Sunday outings at lake resorts. Excursion
tickets to Erie and Ashtabula also sold for Sunday
morning train. Half fares for children from
five to twelve years of age.
Sunday Special $1.50 Excursion
Allous 9% Hours in Wheeling.
Pennsylvania Lines New Train.
Leaves Union Station 7 a. m. Central time, Sundays.
No stops between Pittsburgh and Wheeling.
$1.50 to Wheeling and return also sold Sunday
morning for 8.20 a. m. train.
The Shaw Coal Co. has succeeded to the business
of the Midway Coal Co., at Des Moines, Ia.
LARGEST INDEPENDENT MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF STRICTLY
PITTSBURGH
THIN-VEIN PAN-HANDLE
COAL.
COMBINED DAILY CAPACITY 4000 TONS.
SHIPMENTS ARE MADE VIA PENNSYLVANIA LINES, P. 4 L. E., ERIE, L. S. &. M. S
AND ALL CONNECTIONS.
GENERAL OFFICES, CARNEGIE, PA.
BELL PHONE NO., CARNEGIE 70.
*J

54
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
©lb Colony Coal 61 Coke Go.
Ikepstone SutlMng, flMttsbnrgb, pa.
ligonier gleam Coal
flfiounOsville ($ae Coal
Connellsville Coke.
f XiGonter, pa., p. 1R. TR.
riDines = = « *

n
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 5 .
J. L. SPANGLER, JOS. H. REILLY, JOS. B. CAMPBELL, ^j
PRESIDENT. v - PREST. & TREAS. SECRETARY.
Duncan=Spangler Coal Company,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
"BLUBAKER" and "DELTA"
BITUMINOUS COAL,
AN A-NO. 1 ROLLING MILL COAL.
FIRST-CLASS FOR STEAM USES.
a- OFFICES: —,
1414 SO. PENN SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA. No 1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK
SPANGLER, CAMBRIA COUNTY, PA.
r\s IA
ACME COAL MINING CO.
GREENSBURG, PA.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
CELEBRATED
ACME AND AVONDALE
HIGH GRADE
STEAM COALS.
MINES, RIMERSBURG AND SHANNON STATION, PA.
SLIGO BRANCH B, & A. V. DIVISION OF P. R. R.
SALES AGENT:
H. J. HUNTSINGER, ^SK" BUFFALO, N. Y.

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
- — * — --in r
Atlantic Crushed Coke Co.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
IENERA
LATROBE STEAM COAL
CONNELLSVILLE
FURNACE
FOUNDRY
CRUSHED
COKE.
L OFFICES: - - - - GREENSBURG, PA.
[ LIGONIER COAL COMPANY,
LATROBE. PA.
| HIGH QRHOE^TEAM Q$RL \
i e©NNELLSYILLE 6©KE. s
0000000000000000000000000 00 000 000 0000000000000000000000000000 00 000 0000 00 0000000000000000000000000000~
United Coal Company
* of Pittsburgh-Penna ^
MINES ON MONONGAHELA RIVER, SECOND POOL; PITTSBURGH &. LAKE ERIE
RAILROAD; BALTIMORE & OHIO RAILROAD AND PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD.
BanK For Savings Building,
General Offices:
New York Office . PITTSBURGH, PA. Philadelphia Office :
Whitehall Building. Pennsylvania Building.
Westmoreland Gas Coal
Youghiogheny Gas &SteamCoal

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
^hmMinnnnnnnnnnnnninniinmmimmmmr miiiiiiiiiiiiiiiH»Hniiiii''''»'''ii'»'»i»»'»»'»'"»"»'»"''''""'''"""'"'»"»'"'"'""'''"'""'''"'""»"»"" | »i
| GEORGE I. WHITNEY. PRESIDENT
A. C. KNOX. TREASURER. 5
HOSTETTER CONNELLSVILLE COKE COMPANY
HIGHEST GRADE
CONNELLSVILLE COKE
FURNACE AND FOUNDRY ORDERS SOLICITED.
FricK Building',
PITTSBURGH, PA. {
r BELL TELEPHONE, 696 COURT
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiuiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiimiiiimiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiii muimmuumuummuiwumnmiiuuuiiuuum#
APOLLO COAL CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
APOLLO HIGH GRADE STEAM
GENERAL
COAL
JOHNSTOWN MILLER VEIN
COAL.
OFFICES: - GREENSBURG, PA.
J. P. MURPHY, President. W. L. DIXON, Vice-President and General Manager. JAS. J. FLANNERY, Treasurer.
MEADOW LANDS COAL GO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
PITTSBURGH COAL.
Mines at Meadowlands,
On the Panhandle Railway.
DAILY CAPACITY 1,000 TONS.
GENERAL OFFICES:
Farmers BanK Bldg., 5th Ave. & Wood St.,
PITTSBURGH, PA.

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
EMPIRE COAL MINING CO.
BELLAIRE, OHIO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
Famous Empire No. 8 Coal.
CAPACITY 3,000 TONS DAILY.
MINES LOCATED ON
C. & P. R. R., B. & O. R. R. AND OHIO RIVER.
COMMUNICATIONS SHOULD BE SENT TO J. H. SANFORD, MANAGER, BELLAIRE, OHIO.
Greenwich Coal & Coke Co.,
Miners and Shippers of
"Greenwich"
Bituminous Coal.
Celebrated for
STEAM AND BI-PRODUCT PURPOSES.
GENERAL OFFICE:
Mlm: CAMBRIA AND INDIANA COUNTIES. Latrobe, Penna.

Uhe
GOAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Vol. XIII. PITTSBUBGH, PA., SEPTEMBER 1, 1905. No. 7.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN;
PUBLISHED TWICE A MONTH.
Copyrighted by THE COAL TBADH COMPANY, 10O3.
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
II. J. STBAUB, Managing Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION, $2.00 A YEAR.
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THK COAL TKADE COMPANY.
926-930 PAHK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh, Pa., as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
THOSE WHO EXPECTED PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT, in
his address to the anthracite miners, to deliver
himself of sensational utterances, probably are dis­
appointed. His speech was entirely devoid of
melodrama and gallery play. Neither was it a
mass of meaningless words. His views on the
relations of capital and labor and more especially
those between the coal miner and his employer
were presented tersely and clearly. If his dis­
course was a severe disappointment to any one, it
was to those misguided individuals, of whom there
seem to have been a large number, who expected
a "jingo" speech. Instead the inalienable rights
of both miners and employers were plainly set
forth and both were warned that unless the prin­
ciples of justice and equity were strictly adhered
to, neither government or public support could be
expected in the event of a disagreement. There
has been a manifest tendency on the part of the
anthracite miners to regard the president as a
sort of Hercules who would stand behind them
and enforce their demands. They have been told
plainly that when they are right they can depend
on the president's support and that when they are
wrong, they can count on his influence being
against them. There was nothing in the speech
that should not have been expected by the rational
public. It has completely set at rest the idea
that the president was or could lie made a club
for anybody.
* * *
AMONG THE PETITIONS TO HE PRESENTED at the next
session of congress will be one asking for govern­
ment aid for the Ohio and Lake Erie ship canal.
The government will be asked to help the project
by properly canalizing the Ohio river from Pitts­
burgh to the point at which the canal will strike
that stream. The canal company is prepared to
show its ability to do the rest of the work and
will ask for assistance only on that part of the
route which is to remain under government super­
vision. This project links in with that other very
necessary one of improving the Ohio sufficiently to
make it navigable during the entire year. It is
certain that there will be no canal from Pitts­
burgh to Lake Erie until the upper stretch of
Ohio is improved. It would seem, therefore, that
the best step for all concerned would be to unite
efforts on this point. Congress has already shown
a willingness to appropriate money for waterways
improvements which have also had state or pri­
vate aid, and for which, otherwise, it is not be­
lieved that national assistance would have been
given. The Muskingum river, in Ohio, and Phila­
delphia harbor are examples in point. A con­
certed, earnest effort may bring success to both
river and canal interests.
* * *
WHILE EVERYBODY INTERESTED in the Illinois coal
trade took a turn at condemning the shot firers'
law, THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN urged patience and
a fair trial on the ground that the enforcement

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
of such a law must inevitably prove useful be­
cause of the light it would throw on local mining
condtions, if for no other reason. Despite the
fact that neither its sponsors, nor those against
whom it was directed are satisfied with its work­
ings, it has had a very beneficial effect. It has
taught the miners that it is a poor rule that
won't work both ways, and incidentally has put
some hundreds of men in the way of becoming
better miners. The mine owners have learned
some practical lessons in the use of explosives
which will have a permanent cash value. Setting
aside the question of whether or not the shot
firers' law is at the end of its usefulness, there
can be no question about its usefulness thus far.
If it should be repealed at once its effect would
last for many a day. There will be for a long
time to come in Illinois, less careless shot firing,
less powder wasted, better coal mining and better
coal loaded. It is only a matter of care and
watchfulness to prevent a return to the old condi­
tions. There has been much worry, much loss
of time and money and much general dissatisfac­
tion, but the law, on the whole, has been beneficial
to the coal industry in Illinois.
* * *
STATISTICS COVERING THE MOVEMENT OE COAL dur­
ing the first half year almost without exception
show increases over the same period of 1904.
There is every reason to believe that surplus
stocks, generally speaking, have been worked off,
and that with the exception of a very few points,
there is less storage coal than at this time last
year. The fall and winter trade outlook is for
probably the heaviest demand the coal trade has
ever had to meet. There is every reason to be­
lieve that the trade is entering upon an era of
prosperity and that the amount of winter business
will be limited only by transportation conditions
which while likely to be better will, as usual,
probably fall far short of actual needs.
Announcement has been made by the Pittsburgh-Buffalo
Co. that it will at once begin the
opening of its 10.000-acre coal tract in the southeastern
portion of Washington county. Pa. Eight
new mines will be opened and employment given
to several thousand men. A town will be built
either in Amwell or West Bethlehem townships.
BITUMINOUS INTERESTS TO HOLD CON­
FERENCE IN CHICAGO IN NOVEMBER.
At the fourth conference of the commissioners
and secretaries of coal operators' associations,
held at Columbus, O., August 23 and 24, a call was
issued for a meeting at Chicago, on November 21,
of representatives of all the bituminous coal interests
of the country, with a view to forming an
organization for the protection of producers of
soft coal and the general betterment of the industry.
At the Columbus meeting, for which arrangements
had been made at the previous meeting
at Chicago, last May, the following were in
attendance: F. S. Brooks, secretary Ohio Coal
Operators' Association, Columbus, O.; John P.
Reese, commissioner and secretary Iowa Coal Operators'
Association, Albia, la.; Herman Justi, commissioner
Illinois Coal Operators' Association,
Springfield, 111.; D. C. Kennedy, commissioner
Kanawha Coal Association, Charleston, W. Va.;
D. Stewart Miller, commissioner Western Kentucky
Coal Operators' Association, Owensboro, Ky.;
T. W. Davis, commissioner Michigan Coal Operators'
Association. Saginaw, Mich.; T. E. Young,
president Pittsburgh Vein of Ohio, Cleveland, 0.;
Patrick McBryde, secretary Pittsburgh Vein of
Ohio, Cleveland. O.; P. H. Penna, commissioner
Indiana Bituminous Coal Operators' Association;
Bennett Brown, commissioner Southwestern Interstate
Coal Operators' Association; Hywell Davies,
of Kensee, Ky.; George W. Harrison, state mine
inspector of Ohio; and Alexander and G. T. Weitzel.
of Columbus. Mr. Justi presided at the
meeting. A committee appointed at the Chicago
meeting to draw up an outline of matters to be
presented to the various coal operators' associations
concerning this organization, so that its
purposes might be made fully understood, reported
that duty performed. A letter had been sent to
the members of all the coal operators' associations
asking consideration of the reasons urged
for the formation of an association of commissioners
and secretaries and asking approval of
the work of that association. The letter says, in
part:
"We were also directed to bring to your attention
the suggestion of the commissioners and
secretaries on the advisability of the respective
groups of associations in the bituminous fields of
the United States meeting in advance of annual
conventions with the miners and reaching a thorough
understanding as to the course to be pursued
by them. The views of the commissioners and
secretaries on this subject, treated in detail, will
also be found in the enclosed pamphlet.
"We were also commissioned to impress upon
you one more subject, viz: the desirability, if not
(CONTINUED ON PAGE 40).

TEXT OF THE JOINT AGREEMENT BE­
TWEEN THE COAL OPERATORS AND
MINE WORKERS OF TENNESSEE AND
WESTERN KENTUCKY FIELDS.
The following is the text of the joint agreement
made at Knoxville, Tenn., on Aug. 4, by the
coal operators and miners of the Nineteenth district:
It is agreed in joint convention that we hereby
renew the present scale of wages with the existing
conditions for another year, ending August 31,
1906.
The operators and miners of District 19, United
Mine Workers of America, represented in the joint
convention at Knoxville, Tenn., hereby adopt as
their agreement for the ensuing year ending
August 31, 1906, the following:
Section 1. MINING—Resolved, that the price
for mining shall be as follows:
First—That in the Coal Creek-Jellico district
pick mined screened coal shall be paid for on the
following bases:
No. 1. Under 2% feet 89%c
No. 2. 2% feet to 2 feet 9 inches 83%c
No. 3. 2 feet 9 inches to 3% feet 77%c
No. 4. 3 feet 6 inches and over 71 Vic
The above per ton of 2,000 pounds in weigh-box.
Run-of-mine shall be 50c per ton of 2,000 pounds.
Second—That the price paid for mining at all
other mines parties to this agreement shall be 7
per cent, less than that paid under contract dated
September 26. 1903, and amendments thereto paid,
by said mines.
Third—The price for machine mining shall be
7 per cent, less than was paid under contract dated
September 26, 1903, and amendments thereto.
IMPURITIES—Any miner loading an unusual
amount of dirt, slate, sulphur or other impurities
with his coal shall be laid off one day for each
offense. The company's representatives will on
all such occasions show such unusual amount.
Any miner laid off for three days during any one
month shall then be subject to discharge; provided,
however, that no dirt, slate, sulphur or
other impurities shall be included in the measurements
to determine the height of coal.
Sec. 2. YARDAGE—The stanaard price of slate
entries in the Jellico district shall be $2.30 per
yard; but when both top and bottom are blasted,
the price shall be $2.90 per yard; solid rock entries,
$3.25; rock top and slate bottom, $3.70.
Entries, airways and all narrow work in coal,
when used for entries and airways shall be $1
per yard. But when the slate parting occurs in
the coal and neither top nor bottom is blasted, the
price shall be $1.40 per yard in entries and airways
when the slate is loaded out and does not
exceed nine inches in thickness; over nine inches
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
and up to eighteen inches in entries and rooms
4 4-5 cents extra per ton shall be paid on the coal.
ROOM TURNING— In high coal, $2.45; in medium
coal. $2.75; in low coal, $3.05; for double rooms
in all coal, $4.45.
COAI. CREEK YARDAGE—Where neither slate nor
dirt has to be shot over the coal the price shall be
$1.10 per yard. Where the slate is eighteen
inches or less the price shall be $1.65 per yard.
Where a man works single in an entry the price
shall be $1.55 per yard. Where the slate exceeds
eighteen inches in thickness 3 cents per yard additional
per inch shall be paid. At mines other
than Coal Creek-Jellico district the same prices
shall be paid during this contract as were paid
under the contract dated September 26, 1903.
There shall be no change in the machine yardage
prices.
Sec. 3. TIMBERING—Resolved, that present conditions
continue at all mines.
Sec. 4. TRACKS—Resolved, that in addition to
the iron tracks now being used, the dip places
where men have to push the cars shall be provided
with iron rails.
Sec. 5. CARS—Resolved, that all cars are to be
handled the same as last year, but it is understood
that this clause shall not be construed to
have miners handle cars where it has been customary
for the company to handle them heretofore.
Sec. 6. RENTS, HOUSE FUEL, PICK SHARPENING
at each mine shall remain without change during
the life of this contract.
DAY LAHOR—There shall be a uniform day wage
scale as follows:
Classification. Rate per hour.
Inside driver, 1 mule 19c
Inside driver, 2 mules 20 4-10c
Inside driver. 3 mules 21 5-10c
Inside driver, 4 mules 22 4-10c
Head tracklayer 26 7-10c
Assistant tracklayer 19c
Trappers 6 : ;i c
Timberman 24c
Timberman helper 19c
Inside pumper and water bailer 19c
Outside pumper and water bailer 17 7-10c
Muckers, or inside labor 17 7-10c
Coupler man, inside 16%c
Coupler man, outside 13%c
Coupler boy, inside 8 7-10c
Coupler boy, outside 6 7-10c
Tiphouse man 17 7-10-
Outside driver, 10c per day less than inside; boy
driver under sixteen years of age, 35 cents per day
less than regular prices.
Drum man 20c
Knuckle man 17 7-10c
Knuckle boy 13V3C
Fv.rnace man (digging his own coal).... 20c

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Furnace man and watchman 14 4-10c
Outside labor, including slate dumpers... 13y3c
Blacksmith 23y4c
Pick sharpener 20c
Sec. 8. HOURS—Nine hours shall constitute a
day's work for all classes of labor for which a
scale of wages is made in this contract. A ninehour
day means nine hours' work in the mines at
the usual working place for all classes of day labor
and miners. This shall be exclusive of the time
required in reaching the working place and departing
from the same at night.
REGARDING DRIVERS—They shall take their mules
to and from the stable, and the time in so doing
shall not include any part of the day's work.
It is distinctly understood that the time of
starting each day depends on the arrival of railroad
cars, providing the run begins in two hours
from the regular starting time. Pay to begin
with work, and work to stop at the regular quitting
time.
Sec. 9. PAY-DAY—Payment of wages shall be
semi-monthly. The pay-day being on or before
the last day of each month for the work performed
during the first half of the month, and on or
before the 15th of the succeeding month for work
performed during the last half of the month; but
it is understood that statements shall be made
only once for each month. The semi-monthly pay
being the last in each month to be paid in even
dollars.
An employe desiring to leave the employment of
the company shall receive his money at once or
not later than five days after his notice is given.
Sec. 10. CUT—All employes whose wages are
regulated by this scale shall be cut for dues and
assessments through the office out of the first five
days' work performed in each month, the same to
be paid to the proper person or persons authorized
to receive the same. The dues and assessments
not to exceed $1 per month without the
special written order of each employe. Initiation
fees are hereby guaranteed to be uniform throughout
District 19, and that the payment of same shall
be pro rated through sixty days if necessary.
Sec. 11. TURN—A square turn shall be kept all
over the mine in rooms and narrow work under
ordinary conditions. Miners absenting themselves
from their working places for three consecutive
days without first obtaining the consent
of the superintendent or bank boss shall forfeit
their working places, except in cases of sickness
of themselves or any member of their family, and
except, also, representatives of the organization
engaged in work of organization, in which case
they must notify the superintendent or bank boss.
Work shall not stop at any mine on any day other
than on. general holidays, and on April 1 without
previous agreement with the management of such
mine.
Sec. 12. MASS MEETING—No mass meetings shall
be held during working hours on or off the company's
premises when the mine is running, and
any one calling such a meeting shall be subject
to discharge. No committee shall visit any employe
at his working place except with the bank
boss to settle a grievance or to secure information
concerning a grievance, after having explained to
the bank boss the nature of said grievance, in case
it will not be convenient for the bank boss to go
with them that day.
Sec. 13. COMMITTEES—No man shall be appointed
a member of any mine committee who has
not been employed at said mine for four months
or more, next preceding his appointment, except
in new mines that have not been in operation six
months or more. The duties of the mine committee
shall be confined to the adjustment of disputes
between the company and its employes working
in and around the mine, provided the company
and said employes have failed to agree.
Under no circumstances will the operators recognize
or treat with a mine committee or the representatives
of the U. M. W. of A. during a suspension
of work contrary to this agreement.
Sec. 14. NEITHER RACE, CREED NOR COLOR of any
man shall be a bar to his employment, either
above or below ground, at any mine in this district
which is a party to this agreement.
Sec. 15. ARBITRATION—If any differences arise
between the operator and the miner, or between
the operator and any of the employes of the mine,
a settlement shall be arrived at without stopping
work. If the parties immediately affected can
not reach an agreement between themselves the
question shall be referred without delay to the
local committee and the company's officials. If
they fail to effect a settlement it shall be referred
to the officials of District 19, U. M. W. of A., and
the officials of said company. If they fail to
adjust the grievance it shall be referred to a
board of arbitration, composed of one person from
each side, with power to select an umpire. Their
decisions shall be final and binding on all parties
to this agreement and those they represent. Arbitrators
shall be appointed within three days after
the case is submitted to arbitration and they shall
proceed within five days to hear and determine
the case. In the event the arbitrators be unable
to select an umpire within thirty days after their
appointment, each party to this agreement shall
have the right to proceed as though this section
had not been agreed to. The operator and his
superintendent and mine manager shall be respected
in the management of the mine and the
direction of the working force. All day men shall
perform whatever kind of day labor the manage-

ment may direct them to perform from time to
time. The right to hire must also include the
right to discharge, and it is not the purpose of
this agreement to abridge the rights of the employer
in either of these respects. If, however,
any employe shall be suspended or discharged
by the company, and it is claimed that an injustice
has been done him, an investigation shall be
conducted as herein provided, and if it is determined
that an injustice has been done the operator
agrees to reinstate said employe and pay him
full compansation for the time he has been suspended
and out of employment, provided if no
decision has been reached within five days the
case shall be considered closed in so far as compensation
is concerned, for the time he has been
idle. The compensation for said five days for a
day laborer shall be at the rate of wages at which
he was employed for the hours worked by the
mine during the days of his suspension. If a
miner, then the average rate of wages earned by
him during the month preceding the one in which
he was suspended.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Sec. 16. DEATHS—Except in case of fatal accident
the mines shall in no case be thrown idle
because of death or funeral, but in case of the
death of any employe may at his option absent
himself from work to attend such funeral, but not
otherwise.
Sec. 17. CONSTRUCTION WORK—The erection of
tipple, houses, buildings, development to the coal,
installation of machinery, construction of railroad
sidetracks necessary for the completion of
plants for operation, all being in the nature of
temporary employment in construction and development
work are to be excluded from the jurisdiction
of the wage scale.
Sec. 18. LIMITATIONS—This contract is not to
be modified, amended or set aside by either party,
nor in any way because of any rules of the U. M.
W. of A., now in force, or which may hereafter
be adopted, nor is this contract to be set aside
nor changed in any particular by either party,
nor by reason of any provision of the national,
state or local constitution of the U. M. W. of A.
This agreement, therefore, constitutes the only
agreement of the Nineteenth district represented
in this convention, and there shall be no demand
made locally that conflicts with this agreement,
which would increase cost of production, except
when any change of conditions arises that did not
exist at the date this agreement went into effect,
in which case the differences shall be fixed by
mutual agreement or by arbitration, but nothing
in this clause shall prevent any mine from continuing
in force any bank rule now in operation
not inconsistent with this contract.
31
Convention adjourned to meet at Knoxville,
Tenn., on the second Tuesday in August, 1906.
On behalf of the operators:
A. H. WOOD,
HYWEL DAVIES.
M. S. BARKER,
CHAS. E. HALL,
Chairman.
On behalf of miners:
J. F. BOWDEN, Pres. District 19.
T. J. DUNAWAY, Vice-President.
JOE VASEY. Nat. Board Member.
W. R. FAIRLEY. Nat. Board Member.
J. S. MCCRACKEN, Secretary.
Kentucky-Tennessee Association Formed.
The Kentucky and Tennessee Coal Dealers' Association,
which was organized permanently at
Louisville, Ky., recently with an initial membership
of about 30, elected the following officers:
E. G. Fristoe, Mayfield, Ky., president;
WL, T. Atkinson, Clarksville, Tenn., vice-president;
G. T. Rider, Louisville, treasurer. Directors.
George C. Chowning, Shelbyville, Ky.; B. G.
Dickinson, Glasgow, Ky.; Stanley Adams, Louisville,
Ky.; E. C. Mayhan. Knoxville, Tenn.; W. T.
Murphy, Martin, Tenn.. and Harry Anderson.
Nashville, Tenn., who, with the officers, will constitute
the executive committee. The executive
committee selected W. C. Williams, Louisville, as
secretary, which makes Louisville the permanent
headquarters of the association. The purposes
of the organization are mutual protection and cooperation.
Addresses were made at the organization
meeting by W. C. Williams, of Louisville;
E. G. Fristoe. of Mayfield. Ky.; B. G. Dickinson,
Glasgow, Ky.; Delos Hull, Chicago, and others.
There were many letters from dealers throughout
the two states promising support and future
membership, and a large number of coal operators
were in attendance. By-laws and constitution
were adopted and plans made to incorporate
the association.
There is, it seems, a great deal more than carbon
in black coal smoke. Prof. E. Knecht has
analyzed the soot from Manchester coal smoke
and at a recent lecture he exhibited the results
of his analysis. Among them were snow-white
samples of ammonium chloride, ammonium sulphate
and a beautifully crystalized paraffin hydrocarbon
similar in properties and composition to a
substance present in beeswax. The soot also contained
13 per cent, of heavy hydrocarbon oils.
From some of the products Prof. Knecht had prepared
a brown dyestuff which produced absolutely.
fast shades on cotton.

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
A NEUTRAL SURVEY OF THE
CONCILIATION BOARDS WORK.
A survey of the work accomplished in the
anthracite coal region of Pennsylvania by the
conciliation board established by President Roosevelt's
coal strike commission, leaves no doubt
in the minds of intelligent observers that a renewal
of hostilities in this storm center of industrial
warfaie would be a blunder of which
neither mine workers nor mine operators are
likely to be guilty. How great has been the service
performed through this unique agency ot
industrial conciliation can best be understood by
a comparison of the conditions of the last three
years with those of the period following the strike
of 1900.
After the companies had terminated the struggle
of 1900 by granting a ten per cent, increase in
wages and other concessions, although the mine
employes returned to work, it was soon apparent
that conditions were very far from satisfactory.
No sooner was the general strike ended than
numerous disturbances broke out in every part of
the region. Petty strikes, excited by a variety
of causes, followed each other in great numbers.
At one colliery the men went out because they
were not paid semi-monthly; at another because
certain discharged drivers were not re-employed.
Sympathetic strikes of this latter description were
most numerous, particularly among engineers and
machinists. Great friction was caused by the
refusal of many mining companies to permit the
inspection, by union men, on company grounds,
of the working cards of employes. The natural
result of this situation was a deepening of the
feelings of hostility and distrust with which
operators and mine workers regarded each other.
and which led inevitably to the strike of 1902.
Strikingly different and vastly improved has
been the situation in the anthracite region since
the principles of conciliation and arbitration have
been applied to settle the difficulties which are
still constantly arising. In place of continued
discord and repeated strikes has come an almost
complete absence of disturbance. Both parties
to every controversy have their representatives
on the board, and in but few cases—17 out of 141,
to be exact—has it been necessary to refer a matter
in dispute to the final decision of the umpire.
The complaints brought before the board have
concerned almost every issue which can arise between
operators and mine workers, including the
right of discharge, the methods of paying for
different kinds of work, and the hours of labor.
In all but a few cases, as above remarked, the
board has been able to reach an agreement.
The conciliation board is no longer an experiment,
but an assured success. it has brought
peace to a region where peace seemed impossible.
and it has succeeded in keeping in smooth and
orderly operation an industry whose earnings
would, in its absence, in all probability have fallen
far short of the splendid figures which they have
attained. Both parties to the three-year agreement
have loyally observed its provisions. In
view of the remarkable success of the conciliation
board, it is difficult to conceive of a situation
arising at the termination of the agreement which
would make its renewal impossible. With the
assurance of high wages and steady employment.
no considerations of formal recognition of the
union or exclusive contracts With union men
should prevail to disturb the harmony of industrial
conditions so successfully established the
past two years and more.
Even looking at the situation from the selfinterest
point of view of the anthracite carrying
railroads, they have benefited perhaps more than
the mine workers from the operation of the
board. Following 1900, whenever the mine employes
at any colliery had a grievance they usually
struck and the plant continued in idleness
until the demands of the men were satisfied.
During that period of eighteen months, the
union mine employes lost not a single demand
upon the operators, through their use of the
strike as a weapon of force. But under the
conciliation board, if the men have a grievance
they must continue at work until it is settled by
the board, or by the umpire its organization provides,
the result being that the mine employes
lost nearly two-thirds of the formal grievances
presented by them before that tribunal and the
umpire. Under conditions permitting them the
free use of the strike they would, no doubt, have
secured the greater part of these demands.
The anthracite industry needs peace; it is to
the interest of operators, mine workers and consumers.
There is no condition existing at the
present time to justify a resort to force when the
agreement between the mining companies and
their employes expires next March. The responsibility
for a failure to continue the present relations
through a tribunal similar to the conciliation
board will rest heavily upon the party who
fails to conserve and support the general desire
for industrial peace in the anthracite industry.
Excursion Fares to West Virginia Exposition and
State Fair at Wheeling via Pennsylvania Lines.
September 11th to 15th, inclusive, excursion
tickets to Wheeling, account West Virginia Exposition
and State Fair, will be sold via Pennsylvania
Lines from Pittsburgh, Coshocton Cadiz,
Chester and intermediate points; and from
Rochester, Powhatan, Massillon and intermediate
stations to Bridgeport. Apply to Ticket 'Agent
for full information.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
THE START OF THE COAL AND COKE INDUSTRY IN THE PITTSBURGH DISTRICT.
By JOSEPH D. WEEKS.*
In the year 1760, so says Capt. Thomas Hutchins,
who visited Fort Pitt in July of that year, a coal
mine was opened on the Monongahela, opposite to
Fort Pitt, for the use of that garrison.
This is probably the earliest recorded continuous
use of the coal of that unrivaled deposit, the great
Pittsburgh seam, a deposit that, in the language of
Prof. Lesley, state geologist of Pennsylvania, is
"absolutely inexhaustible for several thousand
years;" that "has made Pittsburgh the envy of
the business world, and is a sufficient guarantee
for a destiny of inimitable magnificence in a not
distant future."
There is one earlier reference to this coal. In
1759 Col. James Burd, while completing the cutting
of Braddock's road, camped at a place near
the present site of Brownsville, some two and a
half miles from the Monongahela river, on the
banks of a small stream, which even then was
called Coal run. "This run," he says in his journal,
"is entirely paved in the bottom with fine
stone coal; the hill on the south side of it is a rock
of the finest coal I ever saw. I burnt about a
bushel of it on my fire." This, however, was only
a temporary use. The pit opened on Coal hill,
in 1760, is probably the first coal mine operated
in Western Pennsylvania.
MINING AND THE CITY IN THE SAME AGE.
Accepting this date, 1760, as the beginning of
coal mining in this region, it will be noted that
this industry and Pittsburgh are of the same age.
It was this year, so says Brackenridge in the first
number of the Gazette, quoting from Capt.
Hutchines, that "a small town called Pittsburgh
was built near Fort Pitt." Bue five years before
this Braddock met his disastrous defeat, and it was
scarcely two years since Fort Duquesne had been
abandoned and burned by the French on the
approach of the British.
The great abundance, excellent quality and ease
of mining of this coal at once directed attention
to it, and led to more than one prophecy from the
travelers who visited this point as to the future
prominence of Pittsburgh as a manufacturing
center. Rev. Charles Beatty, who visited the
fort in 1766, speaks of ascending "the hill opposite
the fort from which the garrison is supplied with
coals," and describes a burning coal vein that at
that time had been on fire for twelve months. He
says:
*This article was compiled by the late Joseph P. "Weeks, in 1880.
It is especially^ valuable by reason of the thoroughness of this
gentleman in his research into industrial affairs. The author is
well remt-mbfred by Pittsburgh industrial leaders of a decade
ago as the editor of tiie American Manufacturer.
"The earth in some places is so warm that we
could hardly bear to stand upon it; at one place
where the smoke came up we opened a hole in
the earth till it was so hot as to burn paper thrown
into it; the steam that came out was so strong of
sulphur that we could scarcely bear it."
In November, 1768, the proprietaries, as the
Penn family and their coadjutors were styled,
purchased from the chiefs of the Six Nations the
whole of the bituminous coal field of Pennsylvania,
except that portion which lies northward
of Kittanning, which was not purchased until
1784. The purchase price of this magnificent
domain, a portion of which has been described as
destined to "be an empire of itself, as wealthy, as
powerful as England, subsidizing all other countries
for its own uses, and unassailable from all
quarters of the compass," was $10,000.
The next year after this purchase, in 1769, Gov.
John Penn, in giving directions relative to the
survey of Pittsburgh, says: "I would not engross
all the coal hills, but rather leave the greater part
to others who may work them."' The difficulty
with the mother country interfered with the carrying
out of these instructions, but in 1784 the
proprietaries, who still retained their rights, sold
privileges to mine coal from the great seam in
Coal hill, opposite the town, for £30 a lot.
THE FIRST STEAM ENGINE.
From this time the demand for coal, not only
for domestic use but for manufacturing purposes,
increased rapidly. Various minor industries.
such as are common to frontier towns, and especially
to one situated as was Pittsburgh, were
established. The first steam engine was brought
to the town in 1794; salt was produced in the
neighborhood in considerable quantities, coal being
used in evaporation; coal pits were opened on
the Pittsburgh side of the river, at Minersville
(Herron's Hill) among other places, and in 1797
Craig & O'Hara located their glass works, the
first west of the mountains, just opposite the Point
on the South Side, this location having been selected
because coal could be obtained just at the
works, a proposed site on tbe Allegheny side of
the Allegheny river having been abandoned because
digging failed to show coal.
In the first twenty years of the new century the
new industry assumed new importance. Steam
engines were introduced into manufacturing; industries
requiring large amounts of eoal were es­
tablished and the population that was attracted to
this rapidly growing town found coal so cheap that
it was used with a freedom in the household

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
scarcely known in other and less favored localities.
Mr. F. Cuming, who visited Pittsburgh in 1807,
in his "Sketches of a Tour" states that on entering
Habach's tavern, at Greensburg. he "was
no little surprised to see a fine coal fire, and was
informed that coal is the principal fuel of the
country fifty or sixty miles round Pittsburgh."
Of coal at Pittsburgh, he says:
"It is as fine as any in the world, in such plenty,
so easily brought and so near the town, that it is
delivered in wagons drawn by four horses at the
doors of the inhabitants at the rate of five cents a
bushel." In consequence of this cheapness "there
are few houses even amongst the poorest of the
inhabitants where at least two fires are not used—
one for cooking and another for the family to sit
at."
In 1803 the first foundry was built in Pittsburgh.
In 1809 a steam flouring mill was erected.
In 1 SI 1 the first steamboat, the New Orleans,
using Pittsburgh coal as fuel, descended the Ohio
the first of that long line of boats that have plied
on this river using and transporting Pittsburgh
coal. In 1812 the first rolling mill was built, getting
its coal from Minersville. In 1813 two
steam engine woiks were reported in the town,
which number had increased in 1814 to three,
and. in addition to these, three foundries were
reported in the same year.
Till: INDUSTRY IN 1S14.
In Cramer's "Navigator" for 1814 is a most interesting
statement regarding the coal and coal
banks of Pittsburgh at that time. It says:
"This place has long been celebrated for its coal
banks, and both as to quantity and quality it is
not exceeded by any part of America or, perhaps,
of the world. It is in fact in general use in all
private houses and in the extensive manufactories
established through the town. Coal is found in
all the hills around this place for ten miles at
least, and in such abundance that it may almost
be considered the substratum of the whole country.
The mines or pits wliich supply the town are not
further than from one to three miles distant, between
the rivers. Until within a few years no
coals were brought across the Monongahela. but.
since the price has been advanced from the increased
demand, a considerable supply is now obtained
from that quarter. Little short of a million
of bushels are consumed annually; the price.
formerly 6 cents, has now risen to 12, keeping
pace with the increased price of provisions, labor,
etc. Several of the manufactories have coal pits
at their very door, such as those under the Coal
Hill, which saves the expense of transportation.
The coal pits on the side of the Coal Hill are
about one-third from the top, which is about on
a level with the stratum on the opposite side of
the river. There are forty or fifty pits opened,
including those on both sides of the river. They
are worked into the hill horizontally, the coal is
wheeled to the mouth of a pit in a wheelbarrow,
thrown upon a platform and from thence loaded
into wagons. After digging in some distance,
rooms are formed on each side, pillars being left
at intervals to support the roof. The coal is in
the first instance separated in solid masses, the
veins being generally from six to eight feet in
thickness, and is afterwards broken into smaller
pieces for the purpose of transportation. A laborer
is able to dig upwards of 100 bushels per
day. It is supposed, and perhaps with good reason,
that the main or principal stratum lies considerably
deeper, as in the English collieries; but
the quantity so near the surface of the earth will
for a long period of time render it unnecessary to
look for it at a greater depth. Fuel, that indispensable
necessary of life, is so cheap here that
the poorest rarely suffer for want of it. We do
not witness near Pittsburgh that pitiable spectacle,
the feeble infancy and decrepit age of the
unfortunate poor, suffering in a cold winter day
for a little fire to warm their meagre and chilly
blood—we do not see them shivering over a few
lighted splinters or pieces of bark gleaned from
the highways or torn from the fences in the skirts
of the town."
IT WAS SMOKY THEN.
At this early date Pittsburgh had earned the
right to the sobriquet Smoky City. Cramer, in
his "Navigator," before referred to, says:
"As every blessing has its attendant evil, the
stone coal is productive of considerable inconvenience
from the smoke which overhangs the town,
and descends in fine dust which blackens every
object; even snow can scarcely be called white in
Pittsburgh. The persons and dress of the inhabitants,
in the interior of the houses as well as the
exterior, experience its effects. The tall steeple
of the Court-house was once painted white, but
alas, how changed."
We cannot follow the growth of Pittsburgh and
its manufactories in order to show how rapidly
the consumption of coal increased. Rolling mills,
nail factories, foundries, machine shops, glass
works, saw mills, paper mills, woolen factories,
cotton factories, among the great industries, and
the thousand and one minor trades that gather
about a great town, were established here. All of
these used coal for power and many of them still
larger amounts in manufacturing processes. The
steamboats plying on the rivers and the salt
works made large demands upon the mines, while
still greater quantities were sent down the Ohio
to the lower country. It was estimated that in
1833 there were ninety steam engines in Pittsburgh,
consuming 2,065,306 bushels a year; 3,600,-

000 bushels were consumed in families; 2,000,000
bushels in stoves, schools, and in small manufacturing;
a total of 7,365,306 bushels, which, at
4 cents a bushel, was worth $306,512. In the
ninety salt works of Western Pennsylvania 5,000,-
000 more bushels were used per year.
FIRST COAL TRANSPORTATION.
A word about the transportation of coal on the
Ohio, though a discussion of this subject does
not properly fall within the limits of this article.
The first load of coal sent down the Ohio from
Pittsburgh was in the ship Louisiana, which was
built in Pittsburgh in 1803 and sent out "ballasted
with stone coal which was sold at Philadelphia
for 37\'2 cents a bushel." Some time prior to
1810 coal was sent down the river from Grave
Creek, below Wheeling, and in 1817 the transportation
of coal from Pittsburgh in flat boats was
begun. In 1845 steamboats were first used in
towing coal, the boats and barges being at first
fastened to the sides and in the rear of the towboats.
It was not long, however, before the
present system of placing the towboats behind the
"fleet" was adopted. In 1841 Locks 1 and 2 of
the Monongahela River Navigation Co.'s improvements
were completed and opened for navigation
on October 18. During the eight weeks succeeding
this date 41,500 tons of coal passed through
Lock No. 1. This industry has grown until upwards
of 4,000 crafts of various kinds, from the
steamboat to the flat, are employed, and the amount
of coal passing the locks has at times reached
nearly 100,000,000 bushels a year, much of which,
in addition to some mined below the first dam, is
sent down the Ohio.
It is also true that the history of the development
of the use of coal and coke in iron making,
especially in blast furnaces, is more properly given
in connection with the history of the iron industry.
It is essential to the completeness of this article,
however, to state in addition to data already given
that as early as 1807 there were three nail factories
in Pittsburgh. The one rolling mill of 1812 had
increased to eight in 1829. At Plumsoek, on Redstone
creek, in 1816 or 1817. the first mill to puddle
iron in the United States was built In 1819 Bear
Creek Furnace was built to use coke, but it was
not until 1837 that F. H. Oliphant at the Fair
Chance Furnace, near Uniontown, made the first
100 tons of coke iron made in the country. In
1885 the production of bituminous iron in Pennsylvania,
most of which is made west of the mountains
from coke, was 1,198 100 net tons, requiring.
say, 1,677,340 tons of coke, which on an nssumed
yield of coal in coke of 60 per cent, would reouire
2,795,566 tons of coal. In addition to this, large
amounts of coke are sent east of the mountains
to be used in furnaces mixed with anthracite.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
THE COKE INDUSTRY.
The history of coking in Western Pennsylvania.
however, is properly a part of this article. In
1813 Mr. John Beal published an advertisement in
the Pittsburgh "Mercury" offering his services to
blast furnace proprietors to instruct them in the
method of converting stone coal into "Coak."
Whether his offer was accepted, by any one does
not appear, but this is the earliest authenticated
reference to coking Western Pennsylvania coal 1
have been able to find. There is a statement to
the effect that a Mr. Mossman, who mined coal
from Herrons Hill, Pittsburgh, in 1795, also made
coke, and that this business was carried on by
his successor, Stephen Wiley, for a number of
years. The "History of Fayette County" also
states that the Allegheny Furnace. Blair county,
used coke in 1811. I have not been able to authenticate
either of these statements. It is certain
that coke was made near Parkers Landing as
early as 1819, and on Redstone creek for refining
iron as early as 1817.
Although coke was made in many parts of the
bituminous coal regions of Pennsylvania, chiefly
for experiments in the blast furnace, it was not
until the development of the Connellsville region
that this industry assumed any importance. In
fhe earlier manufactures of coke in this region
it was made in pits "on the ground." In 1S41
the first ovens were erected at Connellsville. It
was in this year (18411 that two carpenters, Provance
McCormick and James Campbell, overheard
an Englishman, so the story runs, commenting
on the rich deposits of coal at Connellsville and
their fitness for making coke, as well as the value
of coke for foundry purposes, and they determined
to enter upon its manufacture. Mr. Mccormick
who is still living, nearly 90 years old,
gave me an account from memory of this enterprise,
which I quote:
DEVELOPING THE CONNELLSVILLE REGION.
"James Campbell and myself heard, in some way
that I do not now recollect, that the manufacturing
of coke might be made a good business. Mr.
John Taylor, a stone mason, who owned the farm
on which the Fayette Coke Works now stand,
and who was mining coal in a small way, was
spoken to regarding our enterprise, and propos°d
a partnership—he to build the ovens and make
the coke, and Mr. Campbell and myself to build
a boat and take the coke to Cincinnati, where we
heard there was a good demand. This was in
1841. Mr. Taylor built two ovens. I think they
were about ten feet in diameter. My recollection
is that the charge was eighty bushels. The ovens
were built in the same style as those now used,
but had no iron ring at the top to prevent the
brick from falling in when filling the oven with

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
coal, nor had we any iron frames at the mouth
where the coke was drawn. The top and mouth
had to be repaired when they fell in.
"In the spring of 1S42 enough coke had been
made to fill two boats ninety feet long—about 800
bushels each—and we took them to Cincinnati,
down the Youghiogheny, Monongahela and Ohio,
but when we got there we could not sell. Mr.
Campbell, who went with the boats, lay at the
landing some two or three weeks, retailing but
one boatload and part of the other in small lots
at about 8 cents a bushel. Miles Greenwood, a
foundryman of that city, offered to take the balance
if he would take a small patent flour mill at
$125 in pay, which Mr. Campbell did. He had it
shipped here, tried it, but it was no good, and we
sold it to a man- in the mountains for $30, and
thus ended our coke business."
These gentlemen lost heavily in their venture.
Mr. Greenwood sent part of his coke to Dayton, to
Judge Gebhart, who was formerly a resident of
Connellsville, and who owned a foundry at Dayton.
He was so pleased with the fuel that he
visited Connellsville, and. as Mr. McCormick
states, "wanted us to continue to make coke, and
he would take two boatloads a year, delivered at
Cincinnati, and pay the cash on delivery; also,
that he would insure us sale for all the coke we
could make and deliver at Cincinnati at 8 cents
per bushel; but we had gone into other business,
and refused to do anything more with the coke."
EXTENDING THE TRADE.
This was the beginning of the coke business in
the Connellsville region. For some years but
little coke was made, though a few ovens were
built, and that knowledge acquired which was
necessary for the coming development of the trade.
In 1843 the ovens built by Taylor were leased to
three gentlemen named Cochran, a name which
from that time to the present has been connected
with coke making in that region. They made
13,000 bushels and floated it down to Cincinnati,
where it was sold to Miles Greenwood, at 7 cents
a bushel. Between this date and 1850 three or
four ovens were built by Stewart Strickler, who
sold his product to the Cochrans. In 1851 improved
ovens were built, and the trade increased
somewhat, but in 1855 it is stated there were but
twenty-six coke ovens above Pittsburgh. It was
not until the Baltimore & Ohio railroad was completed
to Pittsburgh, and Connellsville coke had
been used successfully in the Clinton furnace of
Graff, Bennett & Co., at Pittsburgh, that its value
as a furnace fuel was thoroughly demonstrated
and the foundation laid for the demand that has
resulted in such a development of coke manufacture
in the Connellsville region. This furnace
was blown in in the fall of 1859 to make pig iron
from coke. The coke was at first made from
Pittsburgh coal near the furnace on the south
side of the Monongahela river, nearly opposite
the Point, at Pittsburgh. The furnace was run
for about three months, when, the coke made in
this way not proving satisfactory, it was blown
out, and arrangements made to secure a supply
from the Connellsville region. The furnace blew
in again early in the spring of 1860, the coke used
being from the Fayette Coke Works on the Baltimore
& Ohio railroad, made at first on the ground
in pits. The result was so satisfactory that
thirty ovens were built in 1860 and arrangements
were made to secure a continued supply. When it
is remembered that this is only twenty years ago,
the development of this industry is remarkable.
GERMAN COAL STATISTICS.
Exports of fuel from Germany for the six
months ending June 30 were as follows, in metric
tons:
1904. 1905. Changes.
Coal 8,563,695 8,191,751 D. 371,944
Brown coal 11,363 10,545 D. 818
Coke 1,331,074 1,261,429 D. 69,645
Total 9,906,132 9,463,725 D. 442,407
The more important exports of coal were to
Austria, Holland and Belgium; of coke to France
and Austria. Exports to the United States this
year were 11,675 tons of coke.
Imports of fuel into Germany for the half-year
were as follows, also in metric tons:
1904. 1905. Changes.
Coal 3,121,076 4,819,006 1.1,697,930
Brown coal 3,799,851 3,920,718 I. 120,867
Coke 255,846 363,128 I. 107,282
Total 7.176,773 9,102,852 I. 1,926,079
The chief imports of coal were from Great
Britain; of brown coal, or lignite, from Austria.
The increase in imports was due to the coal strike.
The production of coal in Germany for the first
half of the year was as follows, in metric tons:
1904. 1905. Changes.
Coal 58,825,710 56,630,591 D.2,195,119
Brown coal 23,251,206 24,944,082 1.1,692,876
Total mined, 82,076,916 81,574,673 D. 502,243
Coke made 5,999,402 6,554,776 I. 555,374
Briquettes made 5,439,468 6,077,639 I. 638,171
Of the coal mined 52,642,163 tons, and of the
brown coal 21,086,899 tons were from the mines
of Prussia.
The Oklahoma Fuel Co. has been incorporated at
Oklahoma City, Okla., with a stock of $200,000.

STRONG PLEA TO MAKE A
GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT
OF THE BUREAU OF MINES.
J. H. Richards, the president of the American
mining congress, which opened at Portland, Ore.,
on August 18, urged the necessity of the govern­
ment raising the national bureau of mines to a
department. He said in part:
"The United States produces 37 per cent, of the
world's coal. Coal made England great. Coal
and our splendid waterfalls will make America
greater. The United States produces 39 per cent.
of the pig iron of the world. This of itself possesses
the element of national greatness. The
United States produces 51 per cent, of the copper
of the world. This, in its ability to direct the
currents of electric force, gives to the 'rock ribbed
earth a nervous system, and makes a whispering
gallery of the world.' America produces 30 per
cent, of the lead of the world, 57 per cent, of
the petroleum of the earth and 25 per cent, of the
zinc, and the mining industry of this country produces
annually over $1,000,000,000 in value and
52 per cent, of the tonnage of our transportation
lines.
This establishes its importance to the American
people. This justifies us in inquiring what
benefits a department would be in aid of this industry
that the people may reap the highest reward
possible from a so important source of sup­
ply.
"In the first place, why have a department
rather than a bureau? Because my conception of
the purpose of our government is to lay an industrial
foundation in this country broad enough to
sustain the possible development of the combined
material and intellectual possibilities of this most
favored land. This cannot be done by the red
tape of a bureau, but only by the grasp of America's
greatest statesmen, who alone are worthy of
standing at the head of so great an opportunity.
"This great responsibility should be presided
over by one possessing original authority, power
to originate through suggestion and execution.
He must not be limited to details, but to creation.
He should have authority not simply to go in
ruts as bureaus do, but to make a rut as large as a
river and let bureaus work on the tributaries.
The watershed of this river is the whole world
and the tributaries of it will reach into all lands
as well as into all conditions of American society.
"A department of mining would keep the executive
and legislative branches in close touch
with the wants of mining and allied industries,
that a proper foundation for legislation might be
made clear, because all legislation should be the
child of necessity—that is, the wants of the peo­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
ple—and that the political department might
know the scope of national and international questions
relating thereto.
"A department would create a co-operative tendency
between the people and the government, not
in a paternal sense, but in the sense that the
government is but a business instrument through
which evils can be suppressed and good things
encouraged. The co-operation between the government
and the agricultural department illustrates
my idea.
"A department would aid in avoiding the great
waste now so appalling in mining, because it would
aid, as in agriculture, by wise legislation, scientific
information, the discouragement of illegitimate
promotion, the encouragement of legitimate
mining and giving reliable information to the
people of the real worth of mining to them.
"A department would aid in placing mining on a
scientific, rather than a speculative basis as now.
In other words, it would, as Cecil Rhodes said,
'make it the spinal column of certainty.' This
would more and more remove mining from
gambling and place under it enduring principles
of sound business.
"A department would not alone be of great
assistance to the prospectors, miners and reducers
of ores, but would aid in harmonizing mining and
allied industries by making scientific information
available to those who most need it for their
own protection, and through such legislation as
intelligent experience shows to be in the interests
of those who are not in a position to insist on
legislation in their interests and well being.
"Mining employs a large proportion of the
American people.
"A department would aid in placing mining on
a sound legal basis, a basis in harmony with the
highest development consistent with a just protection
of individual rights and in harmony with
all the varied branches of mining.
"A department would encourage legitimate mining
and the promotion of the same. All dishonesty
is not included in mining propositions
and management, but mining offers a great field
for such methods because of the great profits
possible. This is all the more reason wny every
safeguard within reason should be thrown around
such promotion and management.
"A department would discourage illegitimate
mining promotion and management. Would this
be in the interest of mining and the American
people? If so, then its importance is conceded
and our government should be so equipped that
its influence could be felt in this regard.
"A department would aid in harmonizing all
branches of mining and allied occupations. It

38
would help develop a scientific system of what
now is confusion in the minds of the American
people. This makes it possible for illegitimate
fortunes to be acquired in a manner not possible
in any other calling, and incomes expanding as
our wants increase by tributes unreasonable and
undeserved.
"A department would aid in giving proper recognition
to the future possibilities of Alaska, one
of the greatest storehouses of mineral wealth
now known. That territory properly guided and
conserved will prove one of the greatest bulwarks
of this country in its hours of trial and need.
It is of interest and importance to the American
people that this great heritage be properly fostered."
COAL AND COKE EXPORTS.
Exports of coal and coke from the United States
for the six months ending June 30 are reported by
the bureau of statistics of the department of com­
merce and labor as follows:
1904. 1905. Changes.
Anthracite 1,124,295 1,207,985 I. 83,690
Bituminous .... 2,788,417 3,151,079 I. 362,662
Total coal.... 3,912,712 4,359,064 I. 446,352
Coke 268,968 296,066 I. 27,098
Totals 4.181,680 4,655,130 I. 473,450
The coke went chiefly to Mexico, with some ship­
ped to Canada also; the latter being taken by
blast furnaces in Ontario. The coal exports were
distributed as follows:
1904. 1905. Changes.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Canada 2,796,670 3,179,234 I. 382,564
Mexico 500,542 491,783 D. 8.759
Cuba 235,332 251,550 I. 16.218
Other West Indies 139.S87 165,906 I. 26,019
France 9,311 651 D. 8,660
Italy 47,075 37,962 D. 9.113
Other Europe... 35,309 13,739 D. 21,570
Other countries. 148,586 218,239 I. 69,653
Total 3,912,712 4,359,064 I. 446,352
The greater part of the exports are to adjacent
countries—Canada, Mexico, Cuba and the other
West Indies. The coal to other countries goes
principally to South America.
The increase in anthracite this year was 7.4 per
cent., and in bituminous 17.8 per cent.; making
a gain of 13.7 per cent, in the total exports.
Imports of coal into the United States for the
six months ending June 30 are reported by the
bureau as below:
1904. 1905. Changes.
Canada 639,947 656,442 1.16,495
Great Britain... 40,997 25,571 D. 15,426
Other Europe... 50 113 I. 63
Japan 29,622 33,136 I. 3,514
Australia 108,558 63,020 D. 45.538
Other countries.. 977 158 D. 819
Total 820,151 778,420 D. 41,741
Of the coal imported this year, 6,730 tons were
classed as anthracite; the balance was bituminous.
With the exception of some Nova Scotia coal
which comes to Boston, the imports from Canada
were British Columbia coal, received at California
ports. There was a large decrease this year in
Australian coal, which comes to California.
Nearly all the Japanese coal is received in Manila.
MINERS' INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS.
The following table compiled from the report of
the credentials committee of the Miners International
Congress at Liege, in Belgium, reflects the
strength of the miners' organizations represented
at the meetings:
Men in
Delegates. Union.
British Miners' Federation 41
Durham miners 5
Northumberland miners 2
American miners 2
Belgian miners 28
French miners 7
German miners 9
1,323,000
Total 94
Consolidation Coal Co. Expanding.
350,000
90.000
28.000
350,000
135,000
160,000
210,000
Baltimore interests have bought the holding of
the Southern Coal & Transportation Co., including
the entire town of Berryburg, W. Va. The purchase
was made by Clarence W. Watson and Jere
H. Wheelright. president and vice-president respectively
of the Consolidation Coal Co., and the
other big corporations centering in that company.
The purchase was on a cash basis and includes
the entire issue of bonds and stocks so that the
entire property is handed over free from debt.
The change of ownership will not interfere with
the operations of the property or the filling of the
contracts which the company has taken.
Mr. William R. Storrs, general coal agent of the
Lackawanna for thirty-three years, died at Scranton,
Pa., recently. He was eighty years of age.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
• * - A - * - J - J - J - J - J - * - J - * - J - - t J - J - * - * - * j - * ^ ' - ' - '
THE PULSE OF THE MARKETS.
• » • • • • • • • • • • • • • i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i . . . . . .
There has been a widespread general improvement
in the coal market within the past fortnight
and the trade, with the exception of some few
points dominated by peculiar local conditions,
may be regarded as being on a satisfactory basis,
with every prospect of an even more marked improvement
during September. With the exception
of West Virginia, from which a serious car
shortage is already reported, transportation conditions
are still good. There is a general tendency
toward a stiffening of prices. Thus far this
has scarcely gone beyond a closer adherence to
card rates which were disregarded during the dull
season, but distinct advances are not far off.
Advices from all sources are to the effect that
surplus stocks are running very low and that
the present coal movement is just about up to
the demand, which is considerably heavier than at
this time last year. Any considerable increase
over the present demand, such as is certain to
come at the first sign of cold weather, will undoubtedly
contract the present free car supply.
If to this is coupled weather conditions affecting
motive power or train movements, and the splendid
weather conditions which prevailed last year
until late in the fall are not likely to obtain for
two years in succession, there is no question but
that there would be a hard pinch. Unless advantage
is taken of the good conditions now prevailing
a midwinter congestion and shortage, more
serious and widespread than that of last year is
inevitable. That consumers are breaking away
to a certain extent from the hesitation and dilatoriness
that has characterized coal buying in the
past is becoming more and more evident. The
sharp lessons of experience are sinking in and
the same foresight that is applied to other factors
in business is being utilized in the matter
of fuel supply. The uncertainty of the coming
year in the coal trade is also being considered.
Altogether the outlook for the fall is all that
could be desired, but the results will depend
largely on the promptness and wisdom of consumers.
The western market is still dun owing
to over-supply of Illinois and Indiana coals. At
Chicago, eastern coals are in better demand with
prices steady. Lake coal is moving more freely
with carriage rates stationary. Three-quarter
lake coal is holding steady at $1.90 f. o. b. Lake
Erie docks. The situation in the southwest is
practically unchanged, the market remaining dull
and featureless. The extreme southern market
is still dead as a result of the prevalence of yellow
fever. In the industrial section of the south re­
newed efforts to increase production are being
made with only moderate success on account of
the continuance of labor troubles. Otherwise
conditions are unchanged. Car shortage is hampering
production in the West Virginia field which
otherwise is in good condition. Continued improvement
is shown in the Pittsburgh field with
the market steadily taking on a firmer tone. Runof-mine
is quoted at the standard price of $1.00 to
$1.05, f. o. b. mines.
A considerable increase in both the demand for
and the production of coke is noted. But little
last quarter coke is being contracted for, holders
being inclined to wait for better prices which
seem imminent. In some quarters the opinion
prevails that a very sharp and decided advance
may be expected in the price of Connellsville furnace.
Foundry coke is holding firm at $2.35 to
$2.50.
Continued improvement is shown in the eastern
soft coal market and dealers are much encouraged.
There are reports of car shortage, attributed to
western crop movements, but coal is moving with
a fair degree of freedom. Vessel tonnage is below
requirements at most ports, so that some consumers,
who are pressing for shipment, do not
obtain the tonnage that they need; this, however,
is thought to be a temporary condition. Trade in
the far east is taking on a considerable quantity.
especially from the most southern parts, contract
shippers seeming to be busier than those in the
transient trade. Trade along the sound shows a
variable condition, with orders coming in irregularly,
but on the whole, a fair tonnage is going
forward. New York harbor trade is quiet. Allrail
trade continues strong and active, any slight
diminution in volume at one point being compensated
by increases in others. Car supply has not
been over-abundant, although those who take
prompt care of their arrivals at tidewater usually
can obtain their full needs if they are insistent.
Transportation has been slow. Coastwise vessel
trade shows that boats have been in short supply,
although they are at present arriving in sufficient
numbers to care for urgent requirements.
The hard coal market as yet shows no decided
improvement. In view of the approaching rise
to normal winter prices, line trade is showing
some briskness, but deliveries at tidewater show
none. Most of the mines have been operating

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
fairly continuously, and the fact that overproduction
is not greatly feared is shown by the ex­
pected opening of the u,ackawanna's Truesdale
breaker at Nanticoke. Some mines close down at
intervals, as best suits their convenience. It is
expected that tidewater business will soon be
stimulated by the apprehension of a car shortage.
the indications of which are already apparent.
Small sizes of buckwheat are in demand in some
quarters, while in others a large stock is reported.
The western and lake anthracite trade hovers
about the normal point.
Hull, Blyth & Co.. of London and Cardiff, an­
nounce that the market shows a decided firmer
tone for prompt delivery, with quotations as follows:
Best Welsh steam coal, $3.36; seconds,
$3.IS; thirds. $3.06; dry coals. $3.00; best Monmouthshire,
$3.12; seconds, $3.00; best small
steam coal, $2.46; seconds, $2.2S; other sorts, $1.98.
VANDALIA MERGER COMPLETED.
The final steps in the deal whereby twenty Indiana
coal companies were merged in the Vandalia
Coal Co., with headquarters at Indianapolis, were
taken on August 19. They consisted in exchanging
the titles to the thirty mines represented for
checks, representing an aggregate of $4,000,000.
The deal had been pending for about five months.
Among the companies that have disposed of their
holdings to the new company are the Johnson Coal
Mining Co., South Linton Coal Co., Indiana &
Chicago Coal Co., Linton Coal & Mining Co., Island
Valley Coal Co., White Rose Coal Co., Enterprise
Coal Co., Sugar Creek Coal Co., Home Coal
Co., Green Field Coal Co., Minshall Vein Coal Co..
Raccoon Valley Coal Co., Zeller & McClelland Coal
Co., Seeleyville Coal Co., Asherville Mining Co.,
Cloverland Coal Co.^ Indiana Bituminous Coal Co.,
a part of the interests of J. Smith Talley, of Terre
Haute, and all of the Indiana interests of the
Granite Improvement Co., of Pennsylvania. The
officers of the Vandalia Coal Co. are as follows:
President, A. M. Ogle; vice-president, John Mc­
Fadyen; treasurer and chairman of the finance
committee, Frank L. Powell; secretary, Charles E.
Barrett. W. W. Hubbard, who has been vicepresident
of the Island Coal Co.. will be general
sales agent for the new company. It is probable
that a sub-office will be established in Chicago
to attend to the trade in the west and northwest.
Operating offices will be established at Linton and
Terre Haute. It is anticipated that the annual
business of the company will be about 3,000,000
tons, though it has a capacity of 5,000,000 tons or
more. It is the present intention to close several
of the mines where the less desirable coal is obtained,
for the present, and work the other mines
more thoroughly.
(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 28).
Bituminous Interests To Hold Conference In
Chicago In November.
the necessity, of forming a federation of the coal
mine operators of the entire bituminous fields of
the country. This suggestion, we would impress
upon you, does not of necessity carry with it the
idea that any change is to be made in the present
joint system of making contracts but simply to
enforce them after they have been made. Thus
the central field, the southwestern fields, and all
the remainder of the bituminous fields would continue
to meet annually as heretofore, unless the
parties in interest see fit to change it.
"What the committee was particularly urged to
bring to your attention, is, that a national feder­
ation of bituminous coal mine operators be formed
for defensive purposes only.
"There was but one opinion expressed at our
meeting, and that was that the time had arrived
when the coal mine operators should not only be
in a position to assert and maintain their just
rights, but also establish a court of last resort
capable of passing upon any questions in dispute
that arise between the coal mine operators and
the men impossible of settlement otherwise.
"We sincerely hope that you will give this communication
your careful consideration and will,
at your earliest convenience, act upon the recommendations
made, confident that when the coal
mine operators of the United States are once thus
united in a federation they can and they will pro­
tect their respective properties, without injury to
the just rights of any one else."
Announcement was made by Mr. Justi and others
that a very general response, favorable in its tone,
had been received to these letters and after some
discussion it was decided to issue the call for the
November meeting in Chicago. A basis of four
delegates for each district represented was decided
upon, in addition to which another delegate
will be allowed for each 1,000,000 tons of coal produced.
THE NATIONAL WEALTH.
Compared with the principal countries of the
world the United States ranks high in national
wealth. Here are the relative positions:
United States $110,000,000,000
United Kingdom 55,000,000,000
France 50,000,000,000
Germany 48,000,000,000
Russia 35,000,000.000
Austria-Hungary 30,000,000,000
Italy 18,000,000,000
Spain , 12,000,000,000

Some time ago the British Columbia parliament
enacted a law forbidding the employment of Chinamen
in mining underground. The Wellington
Colliery Co.. desiring to test this law, continued
to employ Chinamen in underground work, whereupon
an agreed case was submitted to the courts,
and passed finally to the privy council in London,
England, the court of last resort. The judicial
committee of the privy council has handed down
a decision in favor of the colliery company. The
committee sustained the contention of the company
that it could send its employes to any portion
of its property. Similar acts, relating to
loth Chinese and Japanese, have previously been
disallowed by the Dominion government, and in
one case Downing street decided against a law
very similar to the one just acted upon.
» * •
On August 26 the mines of the Tennessee Consolidated
Coal Co.. at Tracey City, Tenn., were
opened with non-union labor, after being idle since
last July. Unknown persons fired from ambush.
killing Mine Foreman J. B. Rust and Miner Dick
Henley, and seriously wounding Helper John Mc-
Govern. The company offered a reward of $1,000
for the arrest and conviction of the murderers and
$2,000 more is promised by citizens and the governor.
An appeal for protection was made to
Governor Cox, who sent seven companies of militia
to the scene of the trouble.
* * *
John Mitchell, in a speech at Manila park, near
Tamaqua. Pa., on August 27, reiterated the declaration
that his organization would, at the expiration
of the present wage agreement in April next,
demand recognition of the union and an eighthour
day. President Mitchell said that he hoped
by that time he would be able to go before George
F. Baer. president of the Philadelphia & Reading
Railway Co., and, pointing to 150,000 men and
boys employed in and about the mines, say: "We
have fixed the price for our labor. You can take
it or leave it."
* * *
About 125 miners employed by the Falls Creek
Mining Co., at Dubois, Pa., went on strike on
August 29 demanding an eight-hour shift, right
of a check weighman on the tipple and the recognition
of the union. The men are unorganized.
but at their request an official of the United Mine
Workers went there. A small-sized riot occurred
before the meeting, and rocks were thrown freely.
The majority of the men were taken into the
union and they say they will tie up the mines
unless their demands are granted.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
Arrangements were completed recently for John
Mitchell to visit fourteen points in the Schuylkill
district during September. The itinerary will be
as follows: September 9, New Philadelphia; 11.
Ashland; 12, Girardville; 13, Mahanoy City; 14,
Shenandoah; 15, St. Clair; 16, Shamokin; 18, Pine
Grove; 19, Tremont; 20, Lykens; 21. Williamstown;
22, Tower City; 25, Minersville; 26. Heckscherville.
At a recent meeting at the Hotel Lincoln, Pittsburgh,
attended by James E. Roderick, chief of the
bureau of mines in Pennsylvania, and a number
of inspectors of the western districts of the state,
the undercutting of coal in the bituminous region
was discussed at considerable length and the inspectors
were instructed as to the proper interpretation
of the state law.
* • «
During 1904 £2,766 was recovered by the Dock.
Wharf, Riverside and General Workers' Union of
Great Britain and Ireland, as compensation for
members who have been injured while at work.
Since the inception of the union the large sum of
£24,000 has been secured for injured members.
* * •
On Sunday next 7,000 Presbyterian ministers
throughout the United States will preach to the
working classes on some phase of the labor question.
This is in accordance with a plan outlined
by the department of church and labor, recently
organized in the Presbyterian church.
* * *
A committee representing Mine Workers' Local
1370, Morris Run. Pa., is in the anthracite region
for the purpose of soliciting subscriptions from
the anthracite locals to aid them in their fight
against the coal operators at Morris Run.
* * *
The West Australian miners' unions have refused
to accept a reduction in wages and other
alterations in their conditions, as proposed by
the mining companies, and the matter will be
thrashed out in the arbitration court.
* * *
John Boyle, former president of the Indiana
mine workers' organization, has been appointed a
national organizer by President Mitchell and has
been ordered to West Virginia.
* * *
Intense dissatisfaction exists among New South
Wales trade unionists and fair employers, owing
to the government allowing the arbitration court
business to be hung up.
* * *
Trade unionism among the Jewish workers in
Great Britain is beginning to have a revival.

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
• ••«! PERSONAL. & *

zier and Fox have been connected with the Brown
Hoisting Machinery Co., of Cleveland, in the designing
and contracting department. Mr. Spencer
for several years was connected with the engineering
and designing department of the American
Bridge Co.
Mr. Upson A. Andrews, former treasurer of the
Pittsburgn Coal Co., died August IS at Lakeside
hospital. Cleveland, from the effect of an operation.
Mr. Andrews was known for years as one of the
leading coal operators of the country, and he took
a prominent part in the formation of the Pittsburgh
Coal Co. He was 55 years old.
Dr. G. G. Revay, who controls the American
rights of Coppee's patent coke oven, sailed recently
for Europe on an extensive business trip. It is
announced that several large plants are about to
be constructed by the Coppee system, in this
country, for the recovery of by-products.
CIVIC FEDERATION TO LOOK
INTO GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP.
The executive council of the National Civic Federation,
upon request of its departments of industrial
economics and of trade agreements, has decided
to appoint a commission to make a thorough
investigation, in this country and Europe.
of national and municipal ownership and operation
of public utilities. The current discussiorj
and acute agitation of this subject indicate its
hold upon the popular mind and the necessity for
its analytical and comprehensive examination. Its
present debate is often inconclusive, because of
the contradictory or unsatisfactory statements of
fact. It is intended, therefore, that this investigation
shall disclose the actual results of public
ownership and operation, as far as they have been
undertaken in the United States, and of their more
extensive practice in foreign countries. The ascertainment
of these facts will afford a solid basis
upon which to found discussion and conclusions
for the guidance of future policy. The scope of
this inquiry will cover the relative advantages of
public ownership and operation, as compared with
public ownership and private operation and private
ownership and operation. Each system will
be examined with regard to its effect upon, among
other topics: Wages, hours and conditions of labor:
collective bargaining; cost and character of
service; political conditions, civil service, spoils
system and municipal corruption: financial results
and taxation.
The commission will meet early in tne fall to determine
upon its program and methods of work.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
! —t • I—
•j INDUSTRIAL NOTES. (•
The department of commerce and labor is desirous
of securing the co-operation of manufacturers
and other persons interested in the efforts
being made by the department, through its bureau
of manufacturers, to extend the foreign trade of
the United States. It is proposed to establish
a comprehensive card index which will enable the
department, upon application, to furnish information
desired by manufacturers, or by intending
purchasers, and it is contemplated to extend the
system, if the necessary authority shall be granted
by congress, to the principal consulates. To
enable the bureau to prepare such an index a
circular letter is being sent out to manufacturers
and exporters, acquainting them with its purpose
and requesting information to be recorded for
which a blank form is provided.
• • m
The Calumet & Arizona Mining Co., of Bisbee.
Ariz., is installing a Sullivan Corliss cross-compound
steam two-stage air compressor, with a
total piston displacement of 3,660 cubic feet, which
on acount of the altitude at which the compressor
operates, is equivalent to an actual delivered
capacity of 2,700 cubic feet of free air per
minute, against a terminal pressure of 100 pounds
per square inch, while running at 83 R. P. M.
The steam cylinders are 17" and 34", and air
cylinders 20" and 34" in diameter, with a common
stroke of 42". The machine will be used
for operating rock drills and other pneumatic
tools, about the mines. The company already has
three class WB-2 Sullivan straight-line compressors,
giving a total air supply of about 5,700
cubic feet per minute.
A hoisting engine of very heavy design has just
been shipped to the Centennial Copper Co. from
the Chicago works of the Sullivan Machinery Co.
It is of the direct acting type and consists of two
36x60-inch simple, reversible Corliss engines of
the heavy duty type, connected to a straight-faced
drum, 15 feet in diameter by 15 feet winding face.
The drum is grooved for 1%-inch wire rope and
is keyed direct to the engine shaft. The plant
is designed to hoist from a vertical depth of 5,000
feet at the rate of 4,000 feet per minute, with a
boiler pressure of 150 pounds. The brake mechanism
is arranged for steam, hand or gravity operation,
with independent control in each case.
o o o
The Atchison( Kas.) Coal Co. has declared for
the open shop policy and will give employment to
non-union labor in the future.

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
A government physician while performing an
autopsy at Manila found that the subject had been
cured of leprosy by the use of X-rays, which reminds
us of another physician, whose patient dying
just as the former had cured the last of a complication
of diseases, consoled the bereaved family
with the announcement that the deceased had
"died a well man."
"That we reaffirm our belief in the necessity for
independent labor representation in the house of
commons, and express satisfaction that the trades
unions of the country have decided in favor of
the formation of a labor party in parliament, and
we hereby pledge ourselves to do everything in
our power to advance this movement.
"That we express our satisfaction that the problem
of the unemployed has now been recognized
by the government, and in view of the urgent
necessity that exists for something practical being
Down south a lot of people are parading about
with badges bearing a legend to the effect that
they are going to "bust" Wall street. They would
save much time and more money by putting off
the "busting" until they have heard the detailed
accounts of the experiences of those who have
tried the same game.
done in the way of providing employment in times
of trade depression we hereby resolve to urge the
government to carry through parliament such legislation
as will satisfy the claims expressed by
the workers of the country; and, further, we demand
that similar legislation should be extended
to the other parts of the United Kingdom.
"That we express our regret that the trades
disputes bill, the second reading of which was
In spite of. rather than a result of all the bulling
carried by a large majority, in the present session
and bearing, hoping, despairing, optimism, pessi­
of the house of commons has been rendered usemism
and other things those outside the trade
less in committee by the enemies of organized
have been indulging in lately during their spare
labor, and we reaffirm our determination to con­
time, the coal market is adjusting itself to existtinue
pressing for such legislation as will safeing
conditions and shows a splendid outlook.
guard the trades unions of the country against
— o —
the new move of the capitalists and employers to
Miss Roosevelt's opportunity to become the Sul­
counteract the power of trades unionism.
tana of Sulu seems to be regarded as a joke; but
"We express regret that the government measure
there have been numbers of American girls who
recently introduced falls very far short of meet­
made foreign matrimonial alliances which turned
ing the claims of the workers as outlined by the
out no better than this one would promise and
British trades unions, and hereby declare our
which were anything but jokes.
determination to continue pressing for the amend­
Tom Lawson makes his press agents earn their
money. Their latest stunt is to set before the
public their employer's scheme to smelt copper
with peat, which will reduce the price of copper
to seven cents a pound and demoralize the coal
trade. Rodents!
— o —
ments as embodied in the bill drafted by instructions
of the British Trades Union Congress.
"In view of the increasing difficulties which
aged workers are meeting with to find employment
in this country, owing to the keen commercialism
of the employing classes, we hereby agree
to act with the other workers in the country in
pressing parliament to pass into law a bill on the
Cheek is a characteristic of thieves everywhere. lines agreed upon by the Trades Union Congresses.
but the Fairmont. W. Va.. miner who stole the "That we express our satisfaction that the
credit for cars of coal mined by bther men is in checkweighing reforms which we have agitated
a class by himself. Fortunately he was caught for during many years have now been passed into
in the act before he had profited greatly by his law, and we express our determination to con­
dishonesty.
tinue to press vigorously for the reforms demanded
by the Miners' Federation of Great Britain
in connection with (a) the coal mines regu­
SCOTTISH MINERS DISCUSS
lation act; lb) the eight hours bill; (c) repeal
BRITISH TRADES LEGISLATION.
of the coal tax; (d) abolition of the employment
of female labor about the mines; fe) protection
against the dangers incurred by the indiscriminate
employment of unskilled foreign and native labor
in the mines; (fl protection against eviction from
employers' houses during trade disputes, etc."
At the recent annual gathering of the Lanarkshire
miners at Hamilton, the following resolutions
were passed:
"That we hereby express our satisfaction that
the conciliation board in Scotland has been continued
with the minimum wage basis, and reaffirm
our determination to adhere to the principle at all
costs.
The Wise Coal Co., of Norton. Va.. will build 30
new coke ovens and the Norton Coal Co. 20.

Carrollton Coal Co., St. Benedict, Cambria
county. Pa.; capital, $100,000; directors, Rembrandt
Peale, St. Benedict; George A. McLaughlin,
New York; Franklin D. Peale, Summit, N. J.
h—
Hardy-Massillon Coal Co., Hardy township.
Holmes county, O.; capital, $10,000; incorporators,
W. T. Black, W. R. West, S. H. Crowe, E. F.
Spurney and O. J. Campbell.
—I
South Fayette Coke Co., Uniontown, Pa.; capital,
$100,000; directors, J. W. Abraham, Everhart
Bierer, J. E. Husted, I. W. Seaman, G. W. Seaman,
W. B. Beeson, Uniontown.
1
Queen City Coal Co., Cincinnati; capital, $50,000;
incorporators, Melvin E. Lynn, James A. Reilly,
T. Newton Jones, William B. Bassett and John R.
Griffiths.
—I
The Consumers Coal & Coke Co., Pomeroy, O.;
capital, $30,000; incorporators, B. J. Malone, J. F.
Pierre, Aug. Bealths, Charles McQuigg and A. W.
Lee.
—+—
Flint Hill Mining & Lumber Corporation, Flint
Hill, Va.; capital. $50,000; incorporators, A. J.
Speers, F. J. Baral, A. C. Young.
—+—
Big Muddy-Carterville Mining Co., Carterville,
111.; capital, $6,000; incorporators, T. J. Moake,
L. E. Robertson, F. H. Koennecke.
Jones Bros. Coal & Mining Co., Marissa, 111.;
capital, $30,000; incorporators, Jonathan Jones,
William Jones, Charles Jones.
—+—
United Fourth Vein Coal Co., Linton, Ind.; capital,
$1,000,000; incorporators, Job Freeman, Morton
Gould, J. B. Sherwood.
—+—
Consolidated Coal, Land & Timber Co., Logan,
W. Va.; capital, $300,000; incorporators, Namon
Jackson and others.
—+—
Bray Bros. Coal Mining Co., Champaign, 111.;
capital, $150,000; incorporators, W. L. Gray, F. S.
Gray, Worship Gray.
—+—
Deep Vein Coal & Coke Co., Chicago, UL; capital,
$15,000; incorporators, G. C. Mastin, A. O'Malley,
W. E. Guilford.
— i
Mulberry Hill Coal Co., Freeburg, 111.; capital,
$72,000; incorporators, Frederick Nold, E. E. Carter,
W. F. Zerban.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
Chicorico Coal Co., New York City; capital,
$50,000; incorporators, Frank E. Jennison, Harry
F. Otto, and A. A. Featherston, all of New York
City.
—+—
Seaboard Mining Co., Birmingham, Ala.; capital,
$15,000; incorporators, W. E. Fort, S. Johansen,
E. Lee.
—+—
Weaver Coal & Coke Co.. Portland, Me.; capital,
$1,000,000; also incorporated in Illinois; capital,
$181,000.
The big Ohio river towboat Jos. B. Williams
was sunk recently near Cairo, 111., by striking a
snag. The vessel split from end to end and probably
will be a total loss.
—x—
The docks and a quantity of coal owned by the
Sheboygan (Wis.) Coal Co. were destroyed by fire
on August 25; loss, $6,000.
—x—
Several mining plants of the Colorado Fuel &
Iron Co. and the Colorado & Southern Railway Co.
were badly damaged recently by a cloudburst in
the neighborhood of Trindidad, Colo.
—x—
The breaker, office, boilerhouse and enginehouse
of the Pine Hill Coal Co. at Minersville, Pa., was
destroyed by fire on August 24. Loss, $150,000.
Six hundred men and boys are thrown out of employment.
—x—
The schooner M. C. Haskell, bound from New
York to Rockland, Me., was wrecked on August
21 near Chatham, Mass. Her cargo of 400 tons of
coal was lost and her first mate was drowned.
—x—
Fire completely destroyed the big breaker of
the Greenough Red Ash Coal Co.. near Shamokin,
Pa., on August 23. The breaker was built five
years ago at a cost of $87,000.
It is proposed now to dig a ship canal from Au
Train, on Lake Superior, to Gladstone or Escanaba,
on Lake Michigan. By using the Whitefish river
it is claimed that only 16 of the 40 miles between
the two lakes would have to be dredged. Not
only would some difficult navigation on the St.
Mary's river be avoided by the canal, but the distance
of the route between Duluth and Chicago
would be shortened by 265 miles, and between Duluth
and Buffalo 200 miles. The canal would be
beneficial to Pittsburgh coal interests and especially
so when the latter city is connected with Lake
Erie by its own ship canal.

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
B CONSTRUCTION and DEVELOPMENT. «
The Reading Coal Co. has acquired large coal
docks at Milwaukee and will install an improved
coal handling plant. It is announced that $500,-
O00 was the purchase price. The docks purchased
have been used by the company about
twenty years and are said, to be among the best
in the northwest. Within recent years the Reading
has greatly increased its business in that section,
and with its own docks a greater increase
will be sought.
The financing of the Washington County Coal
Co. and its underlying railroad company, known
as the Pittsburgh & Cross Creek, has been completed
and the work of developing the coal in the
11 farms in Jefferson and Cross Creek townships,
Washington county, will start in the near future.
The conipany has $250,000 capital stock.
•i-
Preparations are being made by the Delaware &
Hudson Co. to increase the size of its coal storage
plant at Honesdale, Pa., which now holds a million
and a half tons of coal. The Erie Co. is said
to be seeking a location in that section where
a million to a million and a half tons can be
stored.
The Mend's Gap Coal & Coke Co., of Cumberland
county, Tenn., win develop a tract of 3,000
acres of coal land at Waldensia. H. L. Badham,
of Birmingham, Ala., is president of the conipany.
The Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co.
contemplates the erection of a new coal storage
plant at New Bedford, Mass., to take the place of
the plant at present in use at that point.
The Rocks Coal & Coke Co., of Uniontown, Pa.,
has decided to add 30 ovens to its plant in Redstone
township, which now consists of 50 ovens. The promoters of the Miners' hospital at Spangler,
Pa., for which Governor Pennypacker vetoed
The Vesta Coal Co. proposes to erect a hospital an appropriation of $10,000, have decided to go
at its mines at California, Pa., to give early and
efficient aid to men injured in their employ.
James A. Shannon and Robert and Isaac Hunt
have bought a tract of coking coal near Uniontown,
Pa., and will erect 50 ovens at once.
The Denny-Renton Clay & Coal Co.. of Seattle,
Wash., is about to spend $200,000 in improving its The Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Co. is sending out
different plants.
a rock drill leaflet auxiliary to its rock drill catalogue
No. 43. The leaflet presents brief descrip­
The Koala Mfg. Co. is about to begin the erection
of a $40,000 briquette fuel factory at Bellingham,
Wash.
The retail coal dealers at Champaign and Urbana,
111., recently formed an organization to be
known as the Champaign and Urbana Coal Dealers'
Association, with headquarters at Champaign.
The officers of the association are president, C. D.
Rourke, of Hunter & Rourke Lumber & Coal Co.,
Urbana; vice-president. John B. Weeks, manager
of the Alexander Lumber Co., Champaign; secretary
and treasurer, J. A. Reeves, Champaign.
The Cherokee Fuel Co. has been incorporated
at Kansas City, Mo., to market the product of six
of the large coal companies of the Cherokee district
of Kansas.
The Farmers Gin, Grain & Fuel Co. has been
incorporated at Sentinel, Okla., with a capital of
$10,000.
Walker Bros, have purchased the coal business
at Douglas, Neb., of the Hopkins-Goodell Co.
*
M. I mm has purchased the lumber and coal
business of H. F. Noyes, at Dresden, Kas.
*
Arnold & Sigler have sold their coal and wood
business at Leon, la., to Wright & Little.
*
L. W. Gamble has purchased the coal business
of H. L. Auman at Nevada, Mo.
*
S. B. Hamilton has sold his fuel business at
Clio, la., to C. P. Lathrop.
*
C. B. Childs has engaged in the coal business
at Kansas City, Mo.
ahead with the erection of the building. The cost
will be met by the coal operators, the miners and
other residents of Spangler and vicinity. It is
estimated that the building will represent an outlay
of $15,000. The hospital will be located on
the outskirts of the town.
tions of the company's various drills and excavating
and quarrying machinery, together with
illustrations of their operation.

SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT ON
COAL PRODUCTION IN 1904.
The United States geological survey recently
made public a supplementary report showing the
production of coal in the United States in 1904.
The most important feature connected with the
coal mining industry in 1904 was the reaction
from the high level of prices and the consequently
large total value of the product which
made 1903 a notable year in the history of mining.
The statistics in the report give the production in
1904 as less than that of 1903, but the decrease
was insignificant when considered with the extraordinary
conditions of the preceding year.
The total production of coal in 1904 was 352,ri0,427
short tons, valued at $444,816,288. Compared
with 1903 the total output of all kinds of
coal in 1904 shows a decrease of 5,045,989 tons.
The total production of bituminous coal in Pennsylvania
in 1904 was 97.952,267 short tons, valued
pt $94,434,219 which, compared with 1903, when
the output was 103.117,178 short tons, worth $121.-
752,759, shows a decrease of 5,164,911 short tons,
or 5 per cent, in quantity and of $27,318,540 or
22.4 per cent, in value.
The average price per ton declined from $1.18
to 96 cents. As was the case generally throughout
the coal producing states the returns from
Pennsylvania show an increase in the number
of employes in both the bituminous and anthracite
regions in spite of decreased production in
each. The number of men employed in the
bituminous mines of the state increased from
129.265 in 1903 to 135,125 in 1904. while the average
working time decreased from 235 days in 1903
to 196 days in 1904.
The majority of the bituminous mines in Pennsylvania
were worked eight hours a day during
1904, 637 mines employing 77,960 men or considerably
more than 50 per cent, of the total reporting
eight hours as the length of the working
day. Twenty-five counties contributed to the
bituminous coal product of Pennsylvania in 1904.
Of these, four, namely Allegheny, Cambria, Fayette
and Westmoreland each produced over 10,-
000,000 tons, and the last two each produced more
coal in 1904 than any state except Ohio, Illinois
and West Virginia. Of the 25 counties producing
bituminous coal in Pennsylvania in 1904, there
were only five in which the production exceeded
that of 1903, while 20 showed decreases.
The most notable falling off was in Clearfield
county, whose output decreased 1,715,812 tons.
The most important gain was made by Indiana
county, whose production increased 640,811 tons.
As usual Pennsylvania is first in the list of coal
producing states. In West Virginia during 1904
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
there were produced 32,602,819 tons valued at $28,-
S07.420. Ohio ranks fourth as a coal producing
state, having produced 24,434,312 tons of coal ; in
1904, valued at $26,588,476.
RECENT COAL TRADE PATENTS.
The following recently granted patents of interest
to the coal trade, are reported expressly
for THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN by J. M. Nesbit,
patent attorney. Park building, Pittsburgh, Pa.,
from whom printed copies may be procured for
15 cents each:
Coal chute, C. W. Hunt and C. C. King, New
York; No. 796,074.
Drill bit rotating mechanism for rock drilling
machines. J. G. Leyner, Denver, Colo.; No. 796.081.
Self-oiling wheel for mine cars. J. F. Weisbrod.
Allegheny, and J. D. Rhodes, Sewickley. Pa.; No.
796,096.
Blast loading device, Egbert Cornelius and B. G.
Cope. Orrville, O.; No. 796,192.
Rock drill, E. R. Langford. Los Angeles, Cal.;
No. 796,228.
Attachment for rock drills, Martin Hardsocg, Ottumwa,
Iowa; No. 796,327.
Art of mining coal f2), Clarence R. Claghorn,
Vintondale. Pa.; Nos. 796,498 and 796.499.
Miner's lamp, W. J. Rump, Ravine, Pa.; No.
796,870.
Mining apparatus, Alexander M^Dougall, Duluth,
Minn.; No. 797,06S.
Elevator for loading and unloading coal, G. E.
Holland and Henry Johnston. Rangoon, Burma,
Indian assignors to the Holland Johnston Patents,
Limited, London, England; No. 797,116.
Automatic mine door operating device, A. C. Urban,
Buxton, Iowa; No. 797.540.
Labor Day Fares.
September 4th excursion tickets will be sold
from all ticket stations on the Pennsylvania Lines
to any station on those lines fifty miles or less
from selling point. Return coupons good until
September 5th. Inquire of Pennsylvania Lines
Ticket Agents for further information.
Coal development is making progress on the
Yukon river, three mines being in operation along
the stream. One of the mines is located 550
miles from the mouth of the river.
A rich coal strike was made recently near Lingan,
Nova Scotia, which shows 6 feet of clean coal
land, area of about 100 square miles, or 619,520,000
tons.

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
• PERTINENT PARAGRAPHS. •
The sale of the holdings of the Kennerly Coal &
Coke Co., near Thomas Mills, Somerset county,
Pa., and of the properties of the Valley Coal &
Stone Co. at Johnstown, Pa., has been lately consummated,
the deals having involved approximately
one and a half million dollars. The holdings
of the Kennerly Coal & Coke Co. were purchased
by J. L. Mitchell of Philadelphia in conjunction
with a number of unnamed associates.
while J. Blair Kennerly, also of Philadelphia, acquired
the property of the Valley Coal & Stone
Co., paying for same in the neighborhood of half
a million dollars.
A special meeting of the stockholders of the
Bessemer Coal & Coke Co. was held on August 23,
at which a proposition to change the location of
the trustee of the bonds from Cleveland to Pittsburgh
was approved. The directors were authorized
to negotiate for the sale of the company's
properties at any time if a favorable offer is
made. The authorized capital of the company is
$2,500,000 and the bond issue is about $360,000.
Its plants are located at Masontown, Humphreys,
Bradenville, New Geneva and Ruffsdale.
The cost of stripping coal in the Lehigh region
of Pennsylvania has been reduced 50 per cent, in
the last 15 years as regards rock. Recently contracts
have been taken out at 25c. per cubic yard
for rock, 14c. for earth, and 9c. for coal. Fifteen
years ago to remove solid rock cost 50c. per
cubic yard, loose rock 35c. and earth 18c. To-day
loose rock classification is largely obsolete. The
current prices may vary slightly from above
figures, as they are based on a sliding scale depending
on rates for laDor.
Within a few weeks all the collieries of the Delaware
& Hudson Coal Co., in the northern part of
Wilkes-Barre, Pa., will be operated by electricity,
and the mules, which have furnished the motive
power for drawing out the coal from the chambers
ever since the mine was opened, will be dispensed
with. As soon as the company can make
arrangements coal breakers are to be equipped
with the automatic slate picking devices, and this
will do away largely with breaker boys.
After a conference with the Kentucky Railroad
Commission, the Louisville & Nashville railroad
has adopted a new schedule of rates on coal from
all the mines along the Owensboro and Nashville
division, considerably reducing those previously
in effect.
A Mainz newspaper of recent date states that
"probably the largest train of towboats ever seen
on the Rhine had passed that city on the previous
day. This train of boats was towed by a tug
steamer and embraced eight boats with an aggregate
load of 17,000 metric tons of coal, or 850 German
freight-car loads, destined for Mannheim."
This is still a considerable distance short of an
average Ohio river coal tow.
A largely attended meeting of the principal operators
and sales agents of the Kanawha, West Virginia,
district was held August 22, at Cincinnati.
The affair was entirely informal, and only general
conditions of the district were discussed. The
principal topic under consideration was the extraordinary
shortage of cars on the Chesapeake &
Ohio railroad. It was found that no immediate
relief can be expected.
In Paris a company has contracted with the
municipal authorities for all the foliage to be derived
from the trees of the public squares, gardens,
streets and woods within the limits of the city.
These leaves are to be compressed under high
pressure and will then be converted into a fuel,
which, it is claimed, will have a far greater calorific
capacity than coal or any other fuel known.
W. F. Borland, representing Montreal and New
York capital, has completed the purchase of 30,-
000 acres of coal lands on Queen Charlotte Islands
from a local syndicate for $700,000. Development
is dependent on the action of the British Columbia
government regarding the construction of local
railways and the making of harbors, which is expected
to commence next spring.
Handsome invitations, signed by President Robert
P. Burgan and the other principal officers of
the company, have been sent out by the Carnegie
Coal Co., for the opening of its new mine at Oakdale,
Pa., on the afternoon of September 6.
The H. C. Frick Coal & Coke Co. has formulated
plans for the planting of an extensive forest covering
thousands of acres of land extending through
Westmoreland, Fayette and Greene counties in
Pennsylvania.
It is announced that the Leiter estate has arranged
to sell the Zeigler (111.) mining property to
an English syndicate.
Mining machines have had a rapid growth in
West Virginia. During the last eight years the
machines in use have each averaged a production
of forty tons for each working day.

THE FRANCO-ITALIAN LABOR TREATY.
A new step in the development of closer inter­
national relations is marked by the labor treaty
between France and Italy, which President Loubet,
in his speech at the banquet given in his honor at
the Quirinal, alluded to as of equal if not greater
importance than the arbitration treaty recently
concluded between the same powers.
The objects of the treaty are, first, to secure
equal rights to workingmen residing in another
country; second, to insure concurrence between
the two countries in raising the standard of life.
Both the French and the Italian governments are
now under the influence of reformers, who are
pledged to similar programs for the benefit of labor
by factory laws, old age pensions, ets.; but it is
impossible for one nation to advance much beyond
its neighbors in such legislation because it would
be underbid in the markets of the world by the
cheaper labor of other countries. One method of
preventing this is the high tariff system adopted
by the United States. The new method is that of
international concomitance of labor legislation.
Since in Italy the conditions of labor are worse
than in France, the former country has first to
level up. The immediate result is the establishment
in Italy of a system of factory inspection,
which will secure the enforcement of the law of
June 19, 1902, by which the employment of women
and children at night is forbidden, and eleven
hours is made the maximum for their day's work.
In securing equal rights for foreign as for native
workingmen Italy gets the greater benefits, since
there are 200,000 Italian laborers in France and
only 10,000 French in Italy. According to the new
treaty the National Savings Bank of France and
the Postal Savings Bank of Italy will each honor
the deposit books of the other; so the workingman
in a foreign country can continue to deposit his
savings, or withdraw them, without expense or
delay, wherever he may be. Any accident indemnities
or pensions which may become due to an
Italian laborer while in France will be paid to
him just the same when he returns to his native
land, or, in the case of death by accident, to his
heirs in Italy. Italy, of course assumes the same
obligations in regard to French workingmen
resident within her borders.
The treaty assumes that it is the duty of government
to supplement the savings of the workingman
so that at the time of his disability through
accident or old age he may have sufficient means
to enjoy life after his retirement from active labor.
It is mutually agreed between the contracting
powers that this right to support shall not be forfeited
by a workingman who spends part of his
life in a foreign land.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. -Ill
ANTHRACITE WASHERY SHIPMENTS.
Saving coal by the washing process has been
going on for about fifteen years, and it has .jecome
quite a large business. In 1903, when the
washery production was greatest, it was equal to
the output of the anthracite mines in 1850. The
growth in fifteen years has been from 61,600 tons
in 1890 to 3,693,606 in 1903. In 1904 the output
fell to 2,800.466 tons. At the rate of washing in
the last four years, the culm banks will naturally
be exhausted soon, but it is estimated that washing
coal will continue to be somewhat of a factor
during the first quarter of this century. Up to
this time 19,614,049 tons of coal have been reclaimed
from the mountains of culm which are
scattered over the coal regions. The following
table shows the washery production, the total
production of coal and the percentage of washery
coal:
Shipments Per cent, of
from Total Washery
Year. washeries. shipments. coal.
1890 41,600 36,615,459 0.11
1891 85.702 40,448,336 0.21
1892 90.495 41,893,320 0.22
1893 245,175 43.089,537 0.57
1S94 634,116 41,391,200 1.53
1895 1,080.800 46.571.477 2.32
1896 895.042 43,177,485 2.07
1897 993,G03 41,637,864 2.39
1898 1.099.019 41,899,751 2.62
1899 1.368.275 47,665,204 2.87
1900 2.059.349 45,107,484 4.57
1901 2,567,335 53,568,601 4.79
1902 1.959.406 31,200,890 6.28
1903 3,693,606 59,362.831 6.22
1904 2,800,466 57.492,522 4.87
Total.. 19.614.049 671,121.961 2.92
The amount of anthracite coal below buckwheat
size, including rice, barley and culm, produced at
colleries and washeries
follows:
in recent years was as
Pet. of
Pet. of
Year. Tons. total. Year. Tons. total.
1890. 807,398 2.2 1898.. 2,094,988 5.0
1891. 903.726 2.2 1899. . 2,621,586 5.5
1892. 795,179 1.9 1900.. 2,934,823 6.51
1893. 1.010,453 2.3 1901. . 3.705,066 6.92
1894. 1,353,452 3.2 1902. . 3,592,570 11.51
1895. 1,780.828 3.8 1903. . 5.513,726 9.29
1896. 1.705,866 4.0 1904.. 5,904,448 10.27
1897. 1,567,343 3.8
The building of 250 coke ovens is contemplated
in connection with the erection of the extensive
steel plant of the Midland Steel Co. at Neal's
Station, near Beaver, Pa.

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
COKE FROM LEAN COAL.
In a paper on the manufacture of coke read
before the Metallurgical section of the mining and
metallurgical congress at Liege, Henry Henne-
butte gave the following information and data
regarding coke making from lean coal:
Ever since the seams of coking coals have begun
to exhibit signs of exhaustion, and the growing
depth of the pits has led to the extraction of coal
insufficiently caking for the purpose of making
metallurgical coke—attempts have been made to
manufacture coke from semi-caking, or lean coal.
This problem has been solved with commercial
success.
When coal is coked in an oven its hydrocarbons
are distilled. The vapor tension of the hydrocarbons
is greater the higher the percentage of
hydrogen they possess. The products which come
off first are found (when a given hydrocarbon is
subjected to fractional distillation) to be richer
in hydrogen than the original substance. For,
on rapidly heating a hydrocarbon, the high-hydro­
gen products escape first, the carbon gradually increasing
until that alone is left.
The coking power of a coal is a function of the
amount of hydrocarbons it contains. Thus it is
possible to impart artificially a coking power to
coals by allowing them to absorb suitable hydrocarbons.
However, no coal whose coefficient of
contraction does not at least equal that of its expansion
is suitable for making coke; although,
out of the samples investigated, only 16 per cent.
failed in this respect.
Coke consists of a coherent mass of grains
cemented together by a binder; if, when the temperature
falls considerably, the mass does not
possess a sufficient degree of contractility, irrespective
of the quantity of cementing substance
between each grain, the resulting coke will be
friable and lack cohesion.
In manufacturing coke from non-caking coal, it
is necessary to determine the temperature at
which the driving off of its own volatile matter
becomes completed. The volatile matter passing
through the portions which have become coked,
deposits its dissociated carbon. Thus, if an arti­
ficial addition of hydrocarbons be made, it is
necessary that their temperature of distillation
should correspond with that at which the evolution
of the natural volatile matter of the coke
finishes, otherwise wastage will occur.
The hydrocarbon to be added is simply a coaltar
oxidation product. The coal, and the hydrocarbon,
in a finely pulverized state, are mixed in
a machine of special design, in the proportions
of 97 per cent, of fine coal to 3 per cent, of cement.
The process has been in operation for several
years and has proved a commercial success. By
its means a dense, strong coke, possessing the re­
quired degree of porosity and resistance to crush­
ing, and of great value for use in large blast-fur­
naces, has been regularly produced from coa)
containing 15 per cent, of volatile matter.
COAL PRODUCTION OF THE WORLD.
The following table showing the coal production
of the world was compiled for the American Iron
and Steel Association:
COUNTRIES TONS.
United States 319,102,236
Great Britain 230,334,239
Germany and Luxemburg 162,477.510
France 34,906,418
Belgium 23,796,680
Austria-Hungary 40,628,785
Russia and Finland 17,500,000
Sweden 320,390
Spain 2,587,652
Italy 346,887
Dominion of Canada 6,824,999
Transvaal 2,258,284
Natal 713,548
India 7,438,386
Greece 10,700
New South Wales 6,354,846
New Zealand 1,420,229
Otlier Australia 626.731
Japan 9,701,682
Algeria HO
Other countries (about) 6,238,692
Total 873.535,000
Semet-Solvay Plant at South Chicago.
The construction of the coke plant of the Semet-
Solvay Co. at South Chicago, 111., is progressing
rapidly. The builders hope to have it partly in
operation by October 1. The company a short
time ago, sent out inquiries to the various smokeless
coal producers of West Virginia asking for
prices on 10,000 tons of slack coal to be delivered
monthly at the South Chicago plant, beginning
October 1. According to report the company
will use a portion of the coal they themselves
produce at Boomer, Fayette county, W. Va., mixing
it with smokeless, the combination giving
the coke product a firmer structure. Accepting
10,000 tons of purchased coke to be the amount
consumed monthly the output of coke to be marketed
at Chicago will exceed 100,000 tons per year.
The part this will play in the Chicago market
may be seen from the fact that the statistical
showing of coke received there last year was
only 367,731 tons. This amount, however, does
not include the coke received by the Illinois Steel
Co. and other pig iron producers.

WHAT ANTHRACITE COAL HAS
DONE FOR THE RAILROADS.
Probably no group of railroads has accomplished
such an expansion of earnings as the anthracite
carriers. In some cases the net earnings, or income,
has more than doubled in the last six years.
There has been material broadening of the market
for anthracite, but an important factor in
bringing about the larger earnings has been the
concentration of control among these roads, wdiich
has done away with the ruinous competition policy
which cut prices for coal right and left.
Contrasting present earnings with those of the
year 189S, from which time the substantial improvements
in earnings dates, the following results
are shown:
Inc.
Gross earn. 1904-05. 1898. per ct.
Reading $37,000,000 $21,986,834 68
Lehigh Valley 31.000,000 19,742,537 57
C. R. R. of N. J 19,298,000 13,187,270 46
D.. L. & W 28.701,991 22.168,345 29
Del. & Hudson 15.071,124 9,907.358 52
Pennsylvania 118.145,270 65,603,737 SO
Erie 43,100,000 33,740,861 27
Ont. & West 6,950,000 3,914,635 77
Inc.
Net earnings. 1905. 1898. per ct.
Reading $16,800,000 $9,600,806 75
Lehigh Valley 12,220,000 5,554,310 120
C. R. R. of N. J 9.675.000 5,118,95f 89
D., L. & W 12,049,228 7,889,793 52
D. & H 5,875,843 3,838,851 53
Pennsylvania 29,603,672 21,093,722 40
Erie 13,150,000 8,302,822 58
Ont. & West 1,950,000 1,112,992 75
Total net income:
Reading $20,975,000 $10,420,364 101
Lehigh Valley 13,500,000 6,799,255 98
C. R. R. of N. J 11.175.000 5,715,482 95
D., L. & W 16,191,419 6,765,832 139
D. & H 5,256,447 4.794,297 9
Pennsylvania 41.017,935 26,560,366 54
Erie 13,000,000 8.716,189 49
Ont. & West 2.430,000 1,112,992 118
The gross earnings of the railroad properties
are given, the net earnings of the coal companies
being reflected in the total income item. Where
the fiscal year ends June 30, the results for the
year ending June 30, 1905, are partly estimated,
and where the year ends December 31, the earnings
for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1904,
are given.
The roads are arranged in order of percentage
of the total anthracite tonnage which they respectively
carry. Pennsylvania's traffic, of course, is
largely diversified, but it is one of the anthracite
roads, its proportion of the anthracite tonnage
of the country being 8.23 per eent.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
Of all the anthracite roads the Reading, which
carries by far the largest anthracite tonnage,
makes probably the largest gain on account of
anthracite business. Its net income is 101 per
cent, larger than in 1898. and while the Lackawanna's
is 139 per cent, and the Ontario & Western's
is 118 per cent, greater than at that date,
the Reading has increased its gross earnings 68
per cent, while the gross earnings increase of the
Lackawanna and the Ontario & Western was but
29 per cent, and 77 per cent, respectively.
The Pennsylvania's gross earnings are 80 per
cent, larger to-day than they were in 1898, but
the net earnings increase is 40 per cent. The
Lehigh Valley's large gain in net is due in great
part to bookkeeping which now discloses the real
earning capacity.
A New Method of Testing Coal.
A quick and useful method of determining the
amount of slate in the small sizes of prepared
coal is employed by the Delaware, Lackawanna &
Western Coal Department at its mines in Pennsylvania.
When the railroad car is being loaded.
samples of coal are collected which aggregate 10
pounds. About one-quarter of this 10-pound sample
is set apart at the testing house for the slate
determination. The method is as follows: A
solution is prepared by mixing sulphuric acid with
water until the mixture shows specific gravity of
1.7 by hydrometer test. This solution is placed
in an earthenware jar. A perforated copper vessel,
of several times the capacity of the coal
sample, is suspended in the solution. On the
sample being poured into the copper receptacle
and agitated, the slate sinks, while the coal floats
on the solution. The coal is skimmed off, washed,
weighed and compared with the total weight of
the coal and slate. This leaves nothing to the
discrimination of an inspector as to what should
be classed as slate.
British Coal Exports.
The half year's exports of coal from the United
Kingdom were 22,893,560 tons, an increase of
288.981 tons. Coke exports were 318.861 tons, an
increase of 9,642 tons. There was a heavy decrease
in the exports of briquettes, the shipments
being 553,206 tons this year and 653,586 tons in
1904. Exports of bunker coal this year were 8.-
334,461 tons as compared with 8,480,457 in the
previous year. The exports of coal to the United
States were 80,268 tons, a falling off of 6,277 tons.
The chief exports were to Germany 3.806,235. Italy
3,306,476 tons, France 3.191,891 and Sweden 1,230,-
088 tons.

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
BALTIC-BLACK SEA CANAL
COMPANY FORMED IN RUSSIA.
A company has just been organized in Russia.
under direct Imperial authority, to construct the
long talked of Baltic and Black Sea ship canal,
and it is declared that the necessary capital,
$200,000,000. will be raised without difficulty by
Dutch. French, and American capitalists. Mr.
Rukteschel is the engineer. His plans are founded
upon the utilization of the rivers Dnieper and
Western Divina. These streams, starting in the
Valdai hills, run nearly parallel, in a southwesterly
direction, and make a sharp turn to the northwest
and the southeast respectively. The points
where they make this bend are about sixty miles
apart. Mr. Rukteschel proposes to cut the connedting
canal between these two points. The
daring feature of his scheme is the provision that
the entire canal, extending from sea to sea, shall
not have a single lock to delay navigation. The
connecting arm between the two rivers is to be fed
by a canal extending 200 miles to the great Pinsk
swamps, and tapping many streams whicli take
their rise in them. The Pinsk swamps occupy a
space half as large as all France, and are fed by
multitudes of springs, lake Jid. which appears to
be the collecting basin, is seventy feet higher than
the bed of the proposed connecting link. The
estimated length of the canal is 1,400 miles, of
which 330 will follow the Dvina, and 1,065 the
Dnieper. The proposed depth is thirty-one feef.
six inches; the width at the bottom 140 feet, and
at the top 265 feet. The estimated amount of excavation
of earth is something less than three
thousand million cubic yards, which it is estimated,
can be executed with American steam
shovels at a cost of $112,500,000. About thirteen
million cubic yards of rock must be blasted, at
an estimated cost of $10,000,000.
The strategic importance of such a canal, if
it should ever come into existence, would be immense.
For one thing, the Dardanelles would
cease to be a source of controversy. Commercially,
the canal would enable the Donets coal,
which is found in an extent of territory as large
as all England, to drive British coal from the
Russian market. The Russian Baltic ports now
consume every year about 4,500,000 tons of British
coal, for which they pay more than $25,000,000.
It would reduce the rail haul of export grain
from an average of about 1,000 miles to 300 or
400 miles, and enable Russian wheat and rye to
compete on extremely advantageous terms with
foreign imports. It would bring South Russian
iron to the St. Petersburg works, and stimulate
the trade of all kinds. It is estimated, besides,
that a large percentage of the transit trade from
the Mediterranean to Northern Europe would be
diverted to the new route. The calculations of
the engineer, which of course, are exceedingly
sanguine, point to a total traffic of 20,000.000 tons,
which he reduces to 15,000.000, which, at $1.50 per
ton, would yield $22,500,000. Upon these figures
he builds expectations of profits of 10 per cent.
upon the investment.
New Larry For Coaling Locomotives.
The Helmick Foundry-Machine Co. is building
an electric larry for coaling locomotives at its
modern plant in Fairmont, W. Va., for the
Moore's Run Coal Co., Bridgeport, Ohio. It will
hold 13 tons of coal. It is the same in general
construction as the larries now in use at Tunnelton
and Clarksburg on the B. & O. R. R., which
were built by the Helmick company. These larries
are a new departure from methods heretofore
in use for coaling locomotives. The coal bin is
built adjacent to the railroad tracks and sufficiently
high to permit the larry passing under the
bin, where it takes coal at as many different
points as may be necessary. The engineer of an
approaching train gives as many short blasts of
his whistle as the number of tons of coal wanted.
The larry is then run under one of the gates in
the bin and the scales, which are built with the
larry, are set for the number of tons wanted.
The bin gate is opened and when the required
amount of coal falls into the larry the scale beam
rings an electric bell or flashes a light. The gate
is then closed and the larry is moved out on a
bridge over the tracks, a chute is lowered and
the coal is dropped into the tender of the locomotive,
which loses only the time to stop in proper
position on the track to take the coal, there being
practically no delay beyond the stopping and
starting of the train.
$29.30 Colorado and Return From Pittsburg Over
Pennsylvania Lines.
G. A. R. excursion tickets will be sold at the
above fare. Their sale will begin August 29th
and continue daily until September 3d. Tickets
may be obtained to Denver, where the National
Encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic
will be held September 4th to 7th, and to Colorado
Springs or Pueblo. The fare is an unusually
low one. and the occasion presents an exceptional
opportunity for a sight-seeing trip to
Colorado and the West. Excursionists may go
over one route and return over another, making
the trip via Chicago, returning through St. Louis.
or vice versa. Full particulars may be ascertained
by consulting J. K. Dillon, District Passenger
Agent, 515 Park Building, Pittsburgh Pa

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
REMBRANDT PEALE, PRESIDENT. JNO. W. PEALE, GCN'L MANAOER.
J. H. LUMLEY, TREASURER.
No. I BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N. Y.
< »
m
NORTH AMERICAN BUILDING,
PHILADELPHIA, PENNA.
>
E. E. WALLING, GEN-L SALES AGENT.

54 IHE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
©to Colon? Coal & Coke Co.
Ike^stone Butlfcino, flMttsburab, pa.
Xipuer gteam Coal
flIMnes «
(ifiouitisville (Sae Coal
Conndlevtlk Cok.
Xigonier, pa., fl>. 1R. 1R.
flDoun&svnlle, m. Da., B. SL ©. IR. IR.
PURITAN COAL MINING CO.,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
PURITAN AND CRESCENT
BITUMINOUS COALS.
STINKMAN COAL MINING COMPANY,
SOUTH FORK COALS.
26 South 15th Street,
PHILADELPHIA.
No. 1 Broadway,
NEW YORK.
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
SOUTH FORK,
l m.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
FAMOUS
TT
ARGYLE" PENNSYLVANIA.
SMOKELESS
C O rs A V

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
J. L. SPANGLER, JOS. H. REILLY, JOS. B. CAMPBELL, °>
PRESIDENT. V. PREST. 4 TREAS. SECRETARY.
Duncan=Span§:ler Coal Company,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
"BLUBAKER" and "DELTA"
BITUMINOUS COAL,
AN A-NO. 1 ROLLING MILL COAL.
FIRST-CLASS FOR STEAM USES.
OFFICES:
1414 SO. PENN SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA. No. 1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK
,-, SPANGLER, CAMBRIA COUNTY, PA.
rvj -IA
ACME COAL MINING CO.
GREENSBURG, PA.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
CELEBRATED
ACME AND AVONDALE
HIGH GRADE
STEAM COALS.
MINES, RIMERSBURG AND SHANNON STATION, PA.
SLIGO BRANCH B. & A. V. DIVISION OF P. R. R.
SALES AGENT:
H. J. HUNTSIIVGER, F gl!!S L BUFFALO, N. Y.
i/a AJ

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Atlantic Crushed Coke Co.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
LATROBE STEAM COAL
IENERAL OFFICES :
CONNELLSVILLE
FURNACE
FOUNDRY
CRUSHED
COKE.
GREENSBURG, PA.
•0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000iuiii£
\ LIGONIER COAL COMPANY, |
LATROBE, PA.
| H IGH GRM>EJ§TEAM @*L |
I e©NNELLSYILLE e©KE. !
United Coal Company
*? of Pittsburgh-Ptenna *
MINES ON MONONGAHELA RIVER, SECOND POOL; PITTSBURGH & LAKE ERIE
RAILROAD; BALTIMORE & OHIO RAILROAD AND PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD.
New York Office .
General Offices:
BanK For Savings Building,
PI TTS BURGH, P A . Philadelphia Office :
Whitehall Building. Pennsylvania Building.
Westmoreland Gas Coal
Youghiogheny Gas &SteamCoal

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
^M>flTTfTTT1»TT?TTTTtTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTfTTTTTTTTTfTTTMTTTTTTTTTT1TTTTTTTTTTTTtMTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTfTTTTTTTTTTTTTtTTTT1TfTTTnTTfTT*TfTTTTTTfTTTTTTTTT?TTTfTTTTTTITfTTTTTTfTfrTTTTTTTTTTfTTTTJ
GEORGE /. WHITNEY. PRESIDENT. A. C. KNOX, TREASURER, Z
HOSTETTER CONNELLSVILLE COKE COMPANY
HIGHEST GRADE
CONNELLSVILLE COKE
FURNACE AND FOUNDRY ORDERS SOLICITED.
FricK Building,
& BELL TELEPHONE 696 COURT "^»- .PITTSBURGH, PA. |
APPOLLO COAL CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
APOLLO HIGH GRADE STEAM COAL
AND
JOHNSTOWN MILLER VEIN
COAL.
GENERAL OFFICES: - GREENSBURG, PA.
J. P. MURPHY, President. W. L. DIXON, Vice-President and General Manager. JAS. J. FLANNERY, Treasurer.
MEADOW LANDS COAL GO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
PITTSBURGH COAL.
Mines at Meadow Lands,
On the Panhandle Railway.
DAILY CAPACITY 1,000 TONS.
GENERAL OFFICES:
Farmers Bank Bldg., 5th Ave. & Wood St.,
PITTSBURGH, PA.

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
EMPIRE COAL MINING CO.
BELLAIRE, OHIO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
Famous Empire No. 8 Coal.
CAPACITY 3,000 TONS DAILY.
MINES LOCATED ON
C. & P. R. R., B. & O. R. R. AND OHIO RIVER.
COMMUNICATIONS SHOULD BE SENT TO J. H. SANFORD, MANAGER, BELLAIRE, OHIO.
« L
Greenwich Coal & Coke Co.,
Mines: CAMBRIA AND INDIANA COUNTIES.
Miners and Shippers of
"Greenwich"
Bituminous Coal.
Celebrated for
STEAM AND BI-PRODUCT PURPOSES.
GENERAL OFFICE:
Latrobe, Penna.

Uf>e
GOAL "TRADE BULLETIN.
Vol. XIII. PITTSBURGH, PA., SEPTEMBER 15, 1905. JN o. 8
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN:
PUBLISHED TWICE A MONTH.
Copyrighted by THE COAL TIIADE COMPANY, 1905.
A. It. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
SUBSCRIPTION, - - - - $2.00 A YEAR
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A CONVENTION OF ANTHRACITE MINE WORKERS at
Shamokin in December will draft demands to be
made for new terms with the mine owners on the
expiration, April 1 next, of the agreement based
upon the award of the commission of 1902. While
that agreement, on the recommendation of the
commission, was for three years, it was hoped, if
not expected, that the setlement was a permanent
one. It has always been regarded as favorable
to the miners, practically no complaint has been
made of the terms, and it has seemed to work
satisfactorily for all concerned. Mr. John Mit­
chell has admitted that it was followed by "pros­
perity" in the anthracite industry, but he says
that the miners have not had their full share of it.
He has been working to reorganize and strengthen
the unions with a view to making new demands,
including recognition of the union, the eight-hour
day, and better and more uniform wages.
It is very natural that a little anxiety should
now prevail as to how the award agreement should
be renewed and under what conditions. The men
are desirous of changes and it may be the opera­
tors want some, too. The men are a little more
outspoken and they are making known through
their leader what changes they desire, while the
operators keep their counsel more closely and we
fear the public will not know until the time is
about up what they intend doing. The discussion
is causing considerable unrest—foolishly so in
our opinion—and unless checked may militate
against the trade of the district. We regret that
the discussion has cropped up thus early, but it
has begun and the best plan is to end it as soon
as practicable.
Mr. Mitchell has said that he does not want
another strike, but his propositions for changes
are sweeping and while President Baer of the
Reading is quoted for the declaration that there
will be no strike, the operators will of course not
accept Mr. Mitchell's terms, which will probably
be made more exacting by the Shamokin conven­
tion. Life to the hope that bridges be not burned
behind!
Much stress is put on the storing of coal by the
daily papers which go into extravagant figures.
Some coal is stored, as it should be, and this may
be the factor of avoiding the conflict which the
outsider believes it indicates.
* * *
LABOR LEADERS OF AMERICA should take note of
the diminution of disputes in Great Britain, where
some years ago many an industrial town was prac­
tically deserted through some unreasonable wage
demand. It is gratifying to see that the leaders
of Britain seem to be learning their lesson. The
labor captains of the United States should profit
by it. If John D. Rockefeller may be held as
capable of determining when an industrial wave
of prosperity may be expected to ebb—and it
would seem that he should be—heed might be
taken of his reported declaration that a period of

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
hard times, more severe than the 1893 panic, will
lie on us in a few years. With the ruling stable
industrial conditions, disregarding the coal trade
which has only barely started to recovery from
over-production, the wise labor leader will avoid
wild demands.
A report of the board of trade on strikes and
lockouts in the United Kingdom in the year 1904
just issued, shows that 354 labor disputes were
recorded during the year, involving about 87,000
work people, or less than 1 per cent, of the indus­
trial population of the country, exclusive of agri­
cultural iaborers and seamen. The disputes, old
and new. which were presented for arbitration and
settlement in 1904, resulted in the loss of about
1.450,000 working days. More than two-fifths of
the disputes arose in the mining and quarrying
industries. The average annual number of labor
disputes in the five years from 1899 to 1903 was
568. The average number of work people affected
was 184,000. and the average duration of the dis­
putes was 3.125,000 days. In the five preceding
years, from 1894 to 1898, the average annual num­
ber of disputes was 835; the average number of
work people affected, 254,000, and the average dura­
tion of the disputes 8,927,000 days. The principal
cause of the labor difficulties in 1904, as in pre­
vious years ,was the wage question.
There are many unemployed in Great Britain at
the present time, and great unrest prevails among
the cotton workers because of dissatisfaction with
the scale of wages paid, but misunderstandings
between employers and employes seem to be di­
minishing, and to be more readily adjusted.
Whether or not this is merely a passing phase of
the labor situation in the United Kingdom or an
indication of growing good will between the em­
ployers and the wage earners can only be deter­
mined by future developments.
* * *
MR. HERMAN JUSTI, COMMISSIONER, Illinois Coal
Operators Association, delivered on Labor Day at
Joliet, 111., an address reproduced elsewhere in
this issue, on the system of joint trade agree­
ments, taking the ground that they are the means,
when properly employed, of elevating labor, re­
warding capital and promoting industrial peace.
Whilst Mr. Justi has dealt exhaustively with the
subject before, his newest address is refreshing in
its vigorous and fair treatment of this important
issue. "When properly employed." is the saving
clause or key which forestalls contest and this
is never lost sight of in Mr. Justi's address. His
ideas do not contemplate such agreements as those
in the window glass trade which were among the
telling factors bringing the American Window
Glass Co. to grief. The life of these agreements
was prolonged by adding recklessly to wages and
curtailing production, the two movements a sure
road to the pitfall. Then it is too patent how
over-confidence-in the trade agreement relationship
led to Homestead, how it has held countless num­
bers of skilled and unskilled workers abroad
to idleness or to hand-to-mouth existence through
effort in other lines. Mr. Justi rightly sees good
in the joint agreement only when properly em­
ployed.
* * *
THERE ARE RENEWED RUMORS that the president's
next message to congress will include a recom­
mendation for a department of mining. The in­
dustry of mining has become a tremendous affair
in the United States, and the mineral production
of 1900 was valued at $1,600,000,000. This nation
leads in coal, iron and zinc, is second only to the
Witwatserand in gold and next to Mexico in the
output of silver. Why not a department of mining?
UNITED STATES THE
WORLD'S COAL POWER.
Europe's coal deposits, including England, Scotland,
Ireland and Wales, cover not exceeding 15,000
square miles, and will cease to yield in 250 years
a,t present rates of production. The United
States, with Alaska and the Philippines yet to
hear from, has 250,000 square miles of coal area,
producing 325,000,000 tons yearly. This vast deposit
can safely be relied on to last 7,000 years
if the annual production remains the same. The
United States is already producing 32 per cent.
of the world's coal supply, although it has only
6 per cent, of the world's population. That coal
exists in large quantities in Alaska and the Philippines
is known though, as yet, reliable estimates
of possible yield are not available. Still, enough
is known to justify the belief that the yield will
tie enormous. Moreover, no one has yet the right
to say that the United States proper has not still
undiscovered coal fields within its area. Control
of the world's coal means, if desired, control of the
world's peace.

WORKING AGREEMENT PERFECTED BE­
TWEEN THE ANTHRACITE MINERS OF
DISTRICT No. 1, FOR THE ERIE AND
HILLSIDE COLLIERIES.
An interesting agreement covering working conditions
in the anthracite region has been perfected
between representatives of District No. 1, U. M.
W. of A. for the Erie and Hillside collieries,
Scranton. Grievances were presented to the company
by a committee appointed by the recent convention
of the miners of the district. A suspension
was threatened, among the issues being the
check docking boss and check weighman difficulties
and car distribution. After a recent conference
making clear the company's reply, the agreement
was accepted by the miners as covered in the
following, issued by the district officers of the
miners:
"On August 16, in accordance with the instructions
of the convention a committee composed of
P. Edwin Davies, Avoca; Samuel Hadden, Dunmore;
Mike Socula, Port Griffith; Abraham Owen
and Walter Yamuwich and William Mason, Forest
City; John Staff, Old Forge; Bloss Leitinger, Mayfield;
John J. Moran, Pittston: Liben Hubiak, Mayfield;
Frank Bryden, Patrick Sweeney, Michael
Kane, Frank Lyons and James Hennigan, Pittston;
Patrick F. Walsh, Plains; James J. Walsh, Dunmore,
and Bernard Sweeney, Dunmore, presented
to Mr. May the following statement of the grievances
of the men:
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
"SCRANTON, PA., Aug. 16. 1905.
"Mr. W. A. May, Manager Erie Coal Department:
"Dear Sir: The undersigned committee representing
the employes of your companies respectfully
present the following requests:
"No. 1. That at each colliery, equal power be
allowed the check weighman and company weighman
and check docking boss in deciding all dockage.
Also in deciding to whom lost cars shall be
restored.
"No. 2. That at any time miners believe they
are being docked excessively, any miner or committee
shall have the privilege of going to the
breaker and make an investigation; provided that
if it is proven that the dockage is excessive, the
docking boss shall be removed by the company and
another person employed instead.
"No. 3. That whenever any miner's car is set
aside and tested, he shall not be laid idle unless
there be found more than 400 pounds of rock, slate
or bone per ton in said car; provided that this
shall apply to the best veins and that a proper
differential shall be made locally for veins in
which more rock, slate or bone is encountered.
"No. 4. That each employe shall be furnished
before pay day with a pay statement setting forth
each item of income and such expense as may be
incurred, and that a detachable receipt shall be
attached; the statement to be retained by the
employe and the receipt to be returned to the company
when payment is made.
"No. 5. That at each mine there be an equitable
distribution of cars to all miners employed; provided
that each miner is able to load in his regular
turn, and that the officials at each colliery be
authorized to see that this is carried out in a regular
manner.
"On August 21 General Manager May called the
conimittee to his office and presented his answer
to the requests of the committee in the following
statement:
"Mr. Samuel Hadden, Chairman Conference Committee.
Dunmore, Pa.:
"Dead Sir: Herewith please find the answers
to the requests of your committee representing
employes of the Pennsylvania Coal Co. and the
Hillside Coal & Iron Co., presented August 16,
1905. These answers are practically as we agreed
at that time. Because request No. 1 related to
several subjects the reply to it is made in No. i
and No. 3 of the answers. Reply No. 2 is in answer
to your request No. 2.
"The itemized statement of account which is to
be retained by the employes will be furnished by
the conipany not later than for the period October
1 to 15, 1905. The other answers will take effect
September 1, 1905.
"Yours very truly.
"W. A. MAY, General Manager.
"No. 1. The coinpany docking boss is to decide
what the dockage shall be, and the check docking
boss is to see that no injustice is done. If in
the opinion of the check docking boss the miners
are being wronged, he is to report to his committee,
they to take the question up with the superintendent
of the company. If the charges are
proven the docking boss is to be disciplined.
"No. 2. If at any time miners believe they are
being docked excessively, a conimittee shall have
the privilege of going to the breaker and make
an investigation. If it is proven that the dockage
is excessive, the docking boss shall be disciplined
by the company.
"No. 3. Where a check weighman is employed
he shall decide to whom lost cars shall belong.
"No. 4. Whenever any miner's car is set aside
to be tested he shall be suspended when more than
200 pounds of rock, slate or bone, per ton, is
found in said car. The limit of 200 pounds per
ton is fixed with the distinct understanding that
every man is to clean his coal generally better
than said limit. The provision is to apply to the
best veins, a proper differential being made locally
(CONTINUED ON PAGE 39).

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
THE SYSTEM OF JOINT TRADE AGREEMENTS. *
By Herman Justi, Commissioner Illinois Coal Operators Association.
The system of joint trade agreements, while
never generally adopted by the great industries
of the world, is not a new system, it having been
used for many years here and there, at home and
abroad, with varying degrees of success. When,
however, the system has been a success, this suc­
cess was due to the strict observance of business
honor and of correct business methods, and if the
system is ever the universal one to be observed
by capital and labor, it will be when the parties or
interests thereto strictly observe these fundamental
business principles. The system in the future,
therefore, will be anything from a gratifying suc­
cess to a mere make-shift, and from a mere makeshift
to a failure, in the exact degree in whicli
we adhere to or in which we depart from essential
fundamental virtues.
The advocate of almost any system usually,
quack-like, bestows upon it his unqualified praise,
and claims that it is perfect in both theory and
practice. This is extremely unfortunate, for the
reason that any system that is really meritorious,
or that in theory, at any rate, is essentially cor­
rect must suffer. It is unfortunate because those
he seeks to convince, having knowledge of whole
or partial failures, naturally conclude that the
whole system is wrong, because its advocate, either
in his too great zeal or in his too great reckless­
ness of statement, does not tell the whole truth.
Nothing else helps a good cause so much as candor,
or hurts it so much as does extravagant claim
or deception.
In my advocacy of the system of joint trade
agreements, I want to make it perfectly clear that
while I have found, as has been often charged,
that the system was at times one thing in theory
and another thing in practice, this discrepancy
was not due to any fault of the system itself, but
was due to the fact that the parties to these joint
trade agreements were themselves at fault.
I.AMOR Nor Til UK IGNORED IX BUSINESS.
It has always been incomprehensible to me that,
as business men, we should persist in ignoring the
element of labor under the ordinary rules of business.
We contract for our raw material after a
friendly conference with those who have raw materials
for sale, and, in turn, we dispose of our
products by friendly agreement with the buyer.
Why should we not treat labor, so far as the wage
question is concerned, as a commodity, and agree
to buy so much of it at such a price after a
friendly, business conference with those who have
labor for sale?
Now, this idea underlies, as I comprehend it, the
whole system of joint trade agreements. This
seems to me a good foundation—a solid basis—for
a wise, comprehensive system, through the medium
of whicli. employers and employes can best
determine the value, according to commercial or
competitive conditions, of that commodity which
the one class desires to buy and the other class
desires to sell.
I do not know who, in modern times, is entitled
to credit or honor for suggesting the system of
joint trade agreements, but the idea was no doubt
borrowed—and it is just as good even though it
was borrowed—from an ancient prophet.
More than 2,700 years ago, the Prophet Isaiah
said: "Come now, let us reason together." All
of our misunderstandings, all of our wars between
nations, and our industrial wars, without excep­
tion, are. I am confident, due to a failure in doing
what Isaiah proposed, and no misunderstanding is
ever settled, nor is any war ever ended, until the
disputants settle down to reason with each other.
Say what you will on the subject of labor disputes,
the fact remains that the great conflict be­
tween the forces of capital and labor can be
settled finally, only in one way, and that way is
by mutual agreement. You can settle its conflicts
temporarily by fighting—by whipping somebody—
but somehow they don't remain whipped, for no
sooner has that somebody been whipped than he
tomes again.
Right now the war between Russia and Japan
cannot be settled liy fighting—it will be settled according
to the plan of Isaiah, by "reasoning together."
This system of joint trade agreements is a common-sense,
practical and reasonable system, and
foi' no other people in the world is it so admirably
designed as for the citizens of a great democracy
like our own. But the opponents of this system
;'.re accustomed to offer many reasons for refusing
to recognize or adopt it. Indeed, some of the
friends of the system—friends who have operated
their industries under it for years—seem reluctant
to continue it.
Till: FAULT NOT WITH THE SYSTEM.
Again. I insist that the fault is not with the
system, but, as I have already observed, with those
doing business under it, and yet I can readily
understand the reluctance of the one class to adopt
it, and of the other class to continue it.
No one wishes to do business with an individual
•Address delivered at Joliet, III., Labor bay, Sept. firm, 4,1905. conipany, organization or community that

does not look upon a contract as a sacred obligation.
No liberty-loving being wants to, or will,
do business with anyone that seeks to obtain busi
ness recognition by mere force. Nor does any
reputable person want to surround himself with a
band of irresponsible, dictatorial, vulgar, incompetent,
so-called workers. It is justly claimed
that some labor organizations are of the class that
will not keep their word, and that will resort to
brutal violence.
It cannot be justly charged, I feel certain, that
all, or a majority, or any very considerable number
of men in any labor organization really belong
to the class, I have just described. But appearances
are too often against them, and it is too
often the case that the prominence, or dominating
influence, of a mischief-making few gives color to
the charge that certain labor organizations are
irresponsible, and that they do not mean to be fair
and upright.
But as representatives of organized labor, you
will say. why should the many be judged by the
acts of the few, or why should they suffer liecause
of the acts of the few? Why?
I speak out of an experience of many years, and
from a very close personal knowledge of my subject,
and I also speak, out of a most sincere desire
to be helpful to the cause of organized labor.
Answering your query, I say that it is because
you too readily find reasons for excusing wrong
action, and you defend the wrong-doer, lie his
offense ever so gross or so glaring.
I would be a mean, false, useless friend to the
cause of organized lalior if I told you only pleasant
things to flatter your vanity, or if I should withhold
the truth for fear of losing your good will.
By such a course, both employer and employe as
classes would suffer.
I believe in the system of joint trade agreements
with all the intensity of my nature, and I confidently
believe that that system may become most
effective for good, and will the sooner be the universal
system, when we, employers and employes,
have decided to be honest with each other and
honest with ourselves, when we are prepared to
tell each other the plain truth, with calm, respectful,
reasonable candor, and when, also, so far as
organization is concerned, the capital and labor
classes are equally well matched, so that the one
is a check upon the grasping tendency of the other.
EACH HAS RIGHTS AND A RECIPROCAL INTEREST.
We each have certain rights, which each in turn
has ignored or outraged, simply because we have
closed our eyes to the truth and our minds to
reason. We have a reciprocal—if not a common—
interest, and yet we pull apart instead of pulling
together—we eagerly seek for differences that
estrange us- instead of looking for points of agree­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
ment that should unite us. In the exact degree
in which we are kept apart, it is due to our
greater or less unwillingness to lie open-eyed, fairminded,
reasonable. Let us realize this fact in
time, for is it not true that every great tragedy
in the world's history was due to unreason? The
flrst gun of the late Civil war made every adult
mind of more than average intelligence, in both
the North and the South, realize that unreason was
rending in twain the fairest and freest land under
the sun. but no one would admit it until its soil
had drunk the blood of hundreds of thousands of
brave men and one-half of our land was made
desolate.
As a representative, or rather as an employe, of
capital—not as a capitalist—I want to present to
(he capital class my reasons for believing that
the surest way out of all of our industrial complications
lies along the line of the joint trade
agreement system. That is, provided the employer
class will consent to organize thoroughly
itself for the purpose of doing business with labor,
organized or unorganized, in order that it may
the more easily concede to labor its just rights and
exact from labor what is due it.
But before attempting this, I have decided that
you would not be offended if 1 presented to the
representatives of organized labor—on this Labor's
Fourth of July—a few important, homely truths.
Indeed, it is essential that these truths should be
presented and also accepted before we can hope to
see a more earnest and general—not to say a universal—recognition
and adoption of the system of
joint trade agreements, and this should be apparent
to all, since any system, however admirable—
however perfect—must fail unless it has the honest,
intelligent, practical suport of the individual
adherents or advocates of that system. I mean
no offense when I say—in fact, I say it because I
desire to be useful and helpful—that no matter
how strong labor organizations may become, unless
they are supported, encouraged and directed
by high character and sound intelligence, they
cannot survive. It is easy enough for labor organizations
to get along when prosperity is in the
air and at high tide, and when business men find
trade so brisk and profits so large as to justify, it
would seem, any concession of wages or principle
rather than submit to a suspension of work in
their industrial plants, and by such suspension lose
a few dollars.
LABOR ORGANIZATIONS WILI. SURVIVE.
The question is: "Can labor organizations survive
the reverses which come to us in cycles, as
spring, summer, autumn and winter follow each
other in their turn, and can they be relied upon
to act wisely under great disappointments? The
enemies of organized labor, the friendly critics of

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
organized labor, many leaders of organized labor
even, have often asked this question and usually
have answered it in the negative. The labor organizations
will survive, because, I believe, American
laborers will see the necessity of wise, conservative,
concerted action before it is too late,
and when wise, honest labor men will insist on
pulling away from those who are just the reverse
—when they refuse to endorse self-confessed gi afters
and red-handed murderers.
I confidently believe that the representatives of
organized labor will ponder well the reasons that
exist for heeding the advice of those whose training
and patriotism enable them to speak out of a
wide and convincing experience, and from a desire
to serve their country.
Before presenting my reasons for advocating the
system of joint trade agreements in the United
States, I wish to say at this time, and on this
auspicious occasion, that there are some plain,
homely truths, of paramount importance, that
must be presented, and that you must
accept, if the great movement in which
you are engaged, and the moderate success which
you are to-day celebrating with so much commendable
enthusiasm, is to be an unqualified success
and a permanent benefit to its adherents and
to the country at large.
First of all, let me emphasize the fact that the
masses in America must learn that we can no
more equalize fortunes and conditions than we can
equally distribute brain or brawn. Some misguided
leaders are trying to convince wage earners
that this can be done. The power to do this,
let me declare, does not rest in man; it rests alone
in the Almighty.
WAGES CANNOT ALWAYS ADVANCE.
They must also learn that wages cannot always
advance, and if it is a principle of organized labor,
as some labor leaders insist, never to surrender
any advance in wages, or any advantage once obtained,
then either this principle or else the system
of joint trade agreements must be given up.
If the system of joint trade agreements is not
elastic enough to sympathetically respond to pronounced
changes in trade conditions, then it is
not the system for which the American people are
in eager, earnest and determined search.
Your organization may secure for you the highest
scale of wages, but your earnings must be
made large by your individual effort. Depend
upon it, that only insofar as you put heart and
brain into your work, can a high scale of wages,
or any scale at all, be of benefit to you. Nor will
these higher wages be to your advantage unless
out of your greater earnings you save something
for that rainy day almost sure to come in the
experience of all men—something that shall build
a home in which honor, virtue and faith are a supreme
trinity to successfully contend with ignorance,
want and doubt.
I believe that—no matter what others may say
to the contrary—every intelligent employer of
labor, who has taken the time to give the matter
due consideration, is willing to pay to labor every
cent to which it is entitled, providing the quality
of the service which is rendered is the best of
which the employe is capable. I believe that
under the system of joint trade agreements organized
capital will enforce this rule where at
present it does not exist.
If you are determined to preserve your union,
you must be faithful to your pledges and loyal to
your leaders. You must, as individuals, feel
bound by and respect all contracts made for you
by your officials, and after a contract has been
made, you cannot afford to set its provisions
aside by legislative enactments. You may be
able to convince time serving politicians that this
is right, but the public—never. If you intend
that the principles of trade unionism shall prevail,
if you want them recognized and yourselvs reif
you want them recognized and yourselves regood
workmanship, for integrity, and for fidelity
to country. The mere loud, boastful claim of
some of your leaders that union labor is always
the best doesn't make it so. You must make it
so, and you must convince those who buy it that
you know what you are talking about.
The eight-hour law, the enactment of which you
annually celebrate, is a good thing. I believe in
it, but only insofar as the laboring man uses his
leizure for his own material or intellectual advancement,
or for the benefit of his wife and of
his children. God bless these wives and children,
for I know from a close study of men—the heads
and the providers of families—that they too often
are the objects of our last instead of our first care.
Make them universally our first thought and care,
and this world of ours will be a brighter and
better world. If, by reason of the shorter hours
of labor, you improve yourselves, and you confer
benefits upon those dependent upon you, you have
reason to rejoice; but if the hours of leisure
which you have obtained by reason of the shorter
hours of labor are to be used in dissipation or
riotous living, then it were far better that your
hours of leisure were reduced, and your hours of
work increased, for idleness is the prolific mother
of the deadliest sins.
LABOR'S BEST REPRESENTATIVES MUST CONTROL.
Labor organizations have grown strong, and
they now possess such power for good or for evil
that the time has arrived when the administration
of its affairs must be controlled, not by petty politicians,
not by its weakest, but by its strongest

epresentatives. The day has gone, never to return,
when you can advance your cause by force
and violence. Public opinion in the United States
has decided this once and for all, and it has further
decided that we have advanced far enough
along the highway of Christian civilization to
adjust our differences without resort to abuse or
violence.
In these observations made to-day, I have endeavored
to show that business methods, and the
highest business character, are prerequisites to a
general or universal recognition, by the employer
class, of the system of joint trade agreements, and
I confidently believe that whenever you are able
to prove unquestioned ability to do business in a
businesslike manner, and shall have discarded
many of the worthless rules and shameful practices
that have been a blot upon your record and
a check to your more rapid growth—rules and
practices that too often repel fair-minded employers—just
so soon will you achieve a lasting
triumph, not before, and not otherwise. For permanent
success is possible only where correct
economic laws are observed. To expect permanent
success otherwise is as unreasonable and
hopeless as to expect the earth to yield a harvest
where all the laws of nature are ignored—where
there is no sun to warm, no rain to moisten and
no fertilizing elements to enrich the son in which
seed and plant have been unscientifically deposited.
The sooner we comprehend these prerequisites, the
sooner shall we witness a steady, if not a very
rapid, increase in the recognition of joint trade
agreements by the great industries of our country,
and the sooner the better.
But I am expected to give my reasons for advocating
the general adoption of the system of joint
trade agreements. Of one thing I can assure you,
and tnat is that I favor the system for no selfish
or sentimental reason, but because it is a business
system pure and simple.
REASONS FOR FORMING TIIE JOINT TRADE AGREEMENT.
I favor it, because I believe it tends to broaden
and enlighten those who participate in it. I favor
it because I believe it will eliminate from the rank
of employers the men who are responsible for
what is known as a "cut-throat" policy in trade—
a policy responsible always for low wages—and
further that it will ultimately drive from positions
of honor and trust in labor organizations a
class of ruffians who are its greatest disgrace and
its chief menace—a class of men half fools, half
rogues.
This system may not make us, perhaps, less
eager to obtain everything that is our right, but
it will tend to open our eyes to the rights of
others. It will help us to see that the question of
labor and its compensations is an economic question
and nothing else. I favor the system not
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
only for what it has already done, but for what I
believe it will do in the future. In the coal
mining industry of the country, for example, if it
has done nohting else, it has at least brought the
coal mine operators closer together, and to the
end that they are less suspicious of each other,
and, therefore, hold each other in higher respect.
None of us are either so good or so bad as we
seem, and if our relations become sufficiently intimate,
so that we may be seen by each other just as
we are, the cause of truth and justice will be advanced.
I am for the present system of joint trade agreements,
not because that system has proven to be
approximately perfect, but because I believe out
of it can be evolved a system that will be perfect.
It surely does what, nothing else so far has been
able to do for the employer class, and that is that
it has had the effect of opening their eyes to their
actual needs. Long ago. in attending joint conventions,
I was impressed with the fact that the
workers were not properly organized, and that
the employers were very poorly, if at all, organized.
The fact is that neither side seemed to have
a fair, correct, common-sense idea as to the basis
of organization for the parties to a joint movement,
where the ends to be accomplished were
simply the making of contracts. That the individuals
were not properly equipped was not due
to any mental deficiency, but rather to a lack of
the right sort of training so absolutely necessary
where the employer and the employe class are expected
to cope with each other, and where, jointly,
they are expected to cope with the problems that
concern both.
I favor the system because I know it has brought
together kindred souls in different walks of life
who otherwise might have been drawn farther and
farther apart, increasing the bitterness felt by
one for the other—of one class for the other—and
has thus, have learned to know and appreciate
each other—made them at times influences in preserving
peace where otherwise a long, bitter conflict
would have been inevitable.
It has cleared away doubt in many minds, and
has often made of unreasoning radicals, wise and
helpful conservatives.
THE SYSTEM FULL OF PROMISE.
It is too much to expect that this young system
has brought peace everywhere in the industrial
world, and it cannot bring universal peace until
we are universally more enlightened—of kindlier
and fairer and less selfish dispositions. It will be
a long time before wars and rumors of war between
nations or classes shall cease—and that
time may never come—but if the joint trade agreement
helps to move us in the right direction; if it
is, as I contend, the best system so far evolved;

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
if it continues in the future to steadily improve
upon what it has done in the past, we should wel­
come it as a bow of promise that spreads itself
across the industrial firmament and illumines it
with hope.
Take home to-night and think on it, gentlemen,
the precious assurances that however severely we
may condemn the materialistic age in which we
live—the so-called dominant spirit of commercialism—the
tendency in the labor world at least is
nevertheless away from the teachings and practices
of Nero and Caligula, and in favor of what
Christ said and of what Christ did—and if we
would make this more and more widely, more em­
phatically and more noticeably true—let us the
oftener say to each other what the ancient prophet
said: "Come now, let us reason together."
NEW SOUTHERN COAL CO.
READY FOR ORGANIZATION.
Final details of the new coal conipany, which
has been purchasing the coal mines and lands
along the line of the Southern railroad from East
St. Louis, 111., to Centralia, 111., were completed
in the past fortnight, when the money for the pur­
chase of the properties was paid in Belleville, 111..
to the attorney who has had the formation of the
company in charge, R. W. Ropiequet. Articles of
incorporation have been applied for. The company
will be known as the Southern Coal Co.. and
will be capitalized at $1,100,000. The incorporators
are A. B. Daab, R. W. Ropiequet and L. N.
Muren. all of St. Clair county, 111. Others interested
are ex-Mayor M. M. Stephens and H. D.
Sexton of East St. Louis. 111., J. C. Muren of the
Muren Coal & Ice Co. of St. Louis, and other St.
Louis capitalists. W. J. Kavanaugh. president of
the Wiggins Ferry Co., will be president of the
new conipany, and the organization will be completed
after the incorporation papers have been
issued. Fourteen mines along the Southern railroad
have been purchased outright and the right
to all coal along the road has been bought. The
company contemplates cheaper production of coal
and less danger of underselling. The properties
include some of the finest mines in southern Illinois,
among them being the Royal coal mine, north
of Belleville. The output of the coal controlled
will be 3.000,000 tons the year.
The United States government engineers have
decided that bituminous coal best suits the needs
of the navy.
COAL UNLOADING AT HAMBURG.
In Zeitschrift des Vereins Deutscher Ingenieure
(1905, No. 30. p. 1221) there is a description of
two coal unloaders of interesting construction.
These were erected 230 feet apart on the dock of
the Hamburg-American line at Hamburg. These
unloaders serve to discharge coal, straight from
the railway car down a chute into barges and
lighters below, and are adapted for work both at
low and at high tide, the difference between the
water level at these two periods, respectively.
being 13 feet 9 inches. Accordingly, the mechan­
ism is made capable of two different movements.
It consists of an inner unit, which is operated
automatically by the weight of the load, and is
used at low water; and an outer unit, worked by
electric power, and used at high tide.
The platform, upon which the car is run, is com­
mon to both units. When the inner is used, the
platform swings on two pivots resting on the
frame-work of the outer unit. When the outer
is used, the platform is bolted fast to that frame­
work. A toothed-wheel segment (concentric with
the pivots mentioned) engages with a gear, the
axle of which runs in bearings forming part of
the outer frame-work. This gear is controlled by
a band-brake worked by hand. The car is run
forward on the platform until its front axle is
gripped automatically by a catch-hook; the rear
coupling hook of the car is secured to an adjust­
able hook at the land-end of the platform; the
front board of the car is lowered, and the brake
released. Since the center of gravity of the system
lies in front of the axis of suspension, the
platform, together with the car upon it, tilts for­
ward. By setting the brake, it is held at a suitable
angle (anywhere up to 45°), until all the contents
are unloaded. Finally, on again releasing
the brake (the center of gravity being now behind
the axis of support I, the platform swings to its
fiirst position.
By means of this inner unit, cars having a
length of wheel of 8 to 13 feet, and carrying a
load of 10 to 20 metric tons, can be dumped automatically.
The hooks holding the car are adjustable,
so that the latter, according to its length,
can be placed in the position giving the best working
movement.
When the outer dumper, which is worked by
electric power, is to be used, the platform is
coupled with the outer frame-work by means of a
bolt operated by a hand-wheel. This frame-work
is pivoted at the end nearest the water, while at
the land-end it rests upon wooden ties. The whole
of the dumper is surmounted by an iron framework
which supports a platform for the engine
room above. In the latter are located the wind-

lasses (for electrically operating the outer dumper
and the chute) and the requisite switches.
From the two drums of the windless which
serves to tilt the dumper, wire ropes pass over
pulleys set in the rear end of the dumper, and
thence over equalizing pulleys. The drum shaft
is actuated by means of a 50-h. p. electric motor.
At the land-end of the dumper, a pair of pulleys,
running against the iron frame-work, guide its
motion while tipping. The weight of the other
dumper is balanced by two compensating weights
suspended in shafts behind the frame on either
side. To tip the cars through 45° takes about 30
seconds; the movement is checked within the
proper limits by a mechanism which works automatically.
The same engine room also contains two other
motors, one of 4.5 h. p., the other of 7 h. p. These
serve for handling the front and rear ends of the
chute, respectively, to adjust them according to
the height of the water-level and the position of
the lighter. The chute is sufficiently large to
hold an entire car load. At the front end ( which
tapers out somewhat) are two adjustable flaps, by
means of which the rate of flow of the coal can
be checked. There is also at the front end an
extension controlled by hand, by means of which
the length of the chute can, if desired, be increased
from 6 m. (19 feet IS inches) to 7.5 m. (24 feet
7 inches). Tbe rear end of the chute (which
projects into a recess in the dock-wall) is provided
with rollers running in a curved track fixed
to the masonry.
The operator's post for working the apparatus
at low water is on the ground level, near the
dumper and on its left. For working the chute
and the dumper in its high-water position, he takes
his stand in the engine room, at a window opening
out on the water, where the starting levers and
the requisite indicators are placed. There is also
in the engine room a switchboard, from which the
power is distributed to the motors and lights.
The tension of the direct current supplied from the
mains is 440 v. By the electric action, one such
dumper unloads about 15 carloads (10 to 20 tons
each) per hour; and about 20 carloads by the automatic
action. However, this is not the maximum
attainable.
USE OF MINING MACHINES IN
GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.
Great Britain and Ireland report a coal output
of 232,428,272 tons for the year 1904, but of that
amount only 6,744,044 tons were mined by cutting
machines, and in fully nine-tenths of the 3,000
collieries the entire product is hewn by human
hands. Many reasons are given for the non-use
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. :;:.
of machines, but it has been noted by more than
one journal that the use of mechanical cutters is
rapidly passing out of the experimental stage.
No better evidence to demonstrate this fact can
be found than the following table showing the
increase in the number of machines used and the
tonnage produced during the last two years:
Year. Machines used. Tons produced.
1902 483 4,161,202
1903 643 5,245,578
1904 755 6,744,044
Thus there has been an increase of over 56 per
cent, in the number of machines used, and an increase
of over 60 per cent, in the product. The
greater number of machines are used in the Yorkshire
and Lancashire districts, and a great future
is predicted for them in the Midlands. The South
Wales district, noted for its "smokeless" coal,
reports an output of 43,730,415 tons in 1904; but
there are only 9 machines in the Cardiff district.
and their product amounted to only 40,980 tons.
With regard to the power used, it may be noted
that machines operated by compressed air are the
more numerous, but those operated by electricity
are now gaining in popularity. Of the 755 machines
in use December 31, 1904, those operated
by compressed air numbered 485, and those operated
by electricity 270.
It is probable that machines may be operated
profitably in hundreds of collieries not now using
them, and American manufacturers should not
overlook such a virgin market. Only expert salesmen
should be employed, and they should understand
British business methods as well as their
own machines, and should be accompanied by expert
machinists to train the British operatives.
NEW CONSOLIDATION IN INDIANA.
Seven of the coal mining properties in Indiana.
producing the majority of the No. 4 coal mined in
the state, were taken over on the first of September
by the United Fourth Vein Coal Co., recently
incorporated in Indiana with a capitalization of
$1,000,000. With the acquirement of these properties,
the United Fourth Vein Co. will become
one of the largest Of the seven big coal combinations
in the state. The property taken over by
the new company includes the mine of the Black
Creek Semi-block Coal Co., two mines of the Island
Valley Coal Co., the Black Hawk Coal Co.'s mine,
and one each of the North Linton, the Antioch and
the L. T. Dickason Coal Co. These lines lie in
Green, Sullivan and May counties, and on the line
of the Southern Indiana railroad. One of the
principal stockholders in the new company is understood
to be L. T. Dickason of Chicago, formerly
vice-president of the Monon railroad.

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
PUMP TESTS IN ICE MAKING AND REFRIGERATING.
Probably one of the most severe tests of pumping
machinery ever made was by the Ice and Cold
Machine Co.. at the ice making and refrigerating
plant. Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis,
during the entire period of the fair. This should
be of more than ordinary interest to the practical
mining engineer. The photographic view in Fig.
1 shows two Cameron boiler feed pumps, 8x6x13,
installed in the boiler house, and used for supplying
two water tube boilers of 750 horse power.
Fig. 2 shows two 10x9x18 Cameron special brine
circulating pumps, of the light service pattern,
having long bodies and composition linings, which
were also in operation at the above mentioned
plant, and were used alternately in the refrigerating
pipe line, which was claimed to be the
longest continuous line in operation using brine
as a refrigerating agent. These pumps were in
constant use day and night during the entire time
of operation, May 14, 1904, to the close of the
Exposition December 3, of the 500-ton refrigerating
machine, with the two ice tanks capable of
making 120 tons of ice daily, and cold storage
space of 100,000 cubic feet.
Brine at a temperature of 10 degrees above
zero was put into the pipe line and pumped
Fig 1. Boiler Feed Pumps, 8x 6 x 13.
through the various and numerous refrigerator
boxes, containing 60,000 cubic feet, at the German
Tyrolean Alps, 7,000 feet distance from the plant,
the brine traveling through the pipe a distance of
over 14,000 feet after leaving the pumps, before
returning to the brine coolers.
These pumps required but little attention from
the busy engineers, and withstood the constant
rack and severe strains to which they were subjected,
owing to their high efficiency, perfect design
and thorough construction; the secret of success
of all Cameron pumps. Having automatic
governors, they maintained continuously a constant
pressure in the service pipe line, thereby
making a uniform and regular feed to each and
every refrigerating coil connected to the line; and
they were so designed and constructed as to permit
of the instantaneous opening of any of the
large valves without detriment to the steam or
brine cylinder heads.
Mr. P. D. C. Ball, proprietor of the Ice and Cold
Machine Co., is quite enthusiastic in their praise,
and speaking from his own experience, and for
his company, says: "We can say that the service
rendered by these pumps, both as boiler feeders
and as brine pumps for the pipe line was entirely

satisfactory, and did not cause one minute's delay
or shutdown from the time of starting in May
until the final shutdown on the third day of December."
The pipe line was used by other parties for refrigerating
between the above mentioned points,
but the connections and arrangement were such
that no difficulty was experienced in getting proper
circulation and without interfering with other
boxes on the line. Adverse circumstances were
experienced in putting in the line, owing to its
location and the weather conditions. Sewers,
electric conduits, water, gas and fire line service
pipes, had to be crossed over and under, or the
line laid parallel with them in many places; to
say nothing of having swampy grounds, railroad
crossings, the "River des Peres" and minor difficulties
to contend with. Many curious conditions
were noted in operating the line owing to the
fact of sewers breaking and emptying their contents
on the line, heavy rains getting into the insulation
and numerous other obstacles to overcome.
The plant was open day and night continuously
from the opening to the closing of the Exposition,
and thousands of visitors were made welcome to
inspect it; many of them were familiar with the
use of the Cameron pumps under different and
even more trying conditions, and readily recog-
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
nized it by the acorn-shaped air chamber, the trade
mark of the genuine.
The pumps presented a very unique and picturesque
appearance owing to their being covered
with a layer of frost. One old mining engineer's
wife remarked: "Those pumps look like statuary
and unlike the old station pumps at the mine shaft
we have had in service nigh onto 20 years."
The price circular of the New Pittsburgh Coal
Co., issued the first of the current month, quotes
to the trade, as follows: Genuine thick vein Hocking
coal F. O. B. mines per ton of 2000 pounds.
domestic lump, $1.35; three-quarter inch screened
Special Brine Circulating Pumps of Light Service Pattern.
lump, $1.25; run-of-mine, $1.05; domestic nut, .90;
steam nut, .80; pea, .70; coal in box cars, 10 cents
per ton' additional.
Reports of a coal famine in New Orleans are
disqualified by the river shipping interests stating
that about 10,000,000 bushels are within a few
miles of the Crescent City. The large steamers
do not go to New Orleans to coal, but go to Mobile,
Tampa and other stations while the fever is
raging. It is said that there is coal enough in and
near the city to last the people until next spring.
G. H. Duncombe. Meyersdale, Pa., recently opened
a large coal yard at that point.

88 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
"Reporter " Port Alleghany, Pa., puts forth hot
shot as fo'lows: "Only three things stand between
the miners in the anthracite region and the
coal companies. If the latter will concede higher
wages, the eight hour day and recognition of the
union all will be smooth sailing next spring.
Nevertheless keep your coal bin full if you are
not in reach of the new gas well on Lillibridge
creek."
—o—
From the meager information at hand as to the
Wales plan for settling anthracite strike of 1902,
price $200,000. it was a rare chimera. The operators
ought to make up a purse for the sum and
give it to Attorney Wales just for the privilege of
mining coal the while this pill was being cooked.
— o —
If the paraphrase "The hand that cradles the
rocks is the hand that rules the world," is true
it may be assumed that that dear old truth, aborted
to make the rocks idea sound flip has became passe.
— o —
One of the great Pittsburgh dailies the other day
noted "ominous mutterings from the cold fields"
growing into "a well defined expectation of
trouble." Word metamorphosis? Sliould say so.
— o —
Of course, now that there's a little business in
sight you don't accept everything your customer
says about your competitor's prices.
— o —
The Boston dailies have subsided agast reference
the "coal trust" since Tom Lawson has held
the boards.
— o —
While the days are growing longer the car service
becomes shorter.
ADJUSTMENT OF SHOT FIRERS CONTEN­
TION IN THE ALTON SUB-DISTRICT OF
ILLINOIS.
A contest over the shot-firing contention in the
Chicago & Alton sub-district of Illinois, which
caused about two months of idleness there, has
been adjusted. The agreement reached, September
1, was supplemental to the existing agreement,
and was as follows:
Supplemental agreement to state contract in
effect April 1, 1904, to March 31. 1906, made in
Springfield, 111., September 7, 1905:
Investigation having demonstrated that, with
the use of six-foot electrical chain machines in the
mines of the Chicago & Alton sub-district, coal
can be produced with two pounds, or less, of powder
for each shot, thereby making the use of shot
firers in the electrical chain machine mines of
said district unnecessary, it is agreed that no more
than two pounds of powder shall be used in any
one shot, and that the coal produced by snubbing
shots shall be removed across the entire face for
a distance back of not less than two-thirds of the
snubbing, before any of the top shots are fired,
and no greater amount of powder shall be used
than necessary to produce the coal in lumpy, merchantable
condition.
In all places where the cutting has not been
done to allow the miners to secure enough coal
foi' a full day's turn, then the miners may shoot
down sufficient coal only on top of the snubbing
shots in order to enable them to have a full day's
work. The snubbing shots in entries shall be
placed as follows: About eighteen inches from
each rib. directly below the blueband and not less
than three and one-half feet deep. In rooms the
snubbers shall be placed just below the blueband
and not less than three and one-half feet deep.
Signed for operators: A. J. Moorshead, F. W.
Lukins, R. H. Zoller. George Solomon; for miners,
W. D. Ryan, J. H. Walker, John T. Parsons.
ANTHRACITE TONNAGE IN
AUGUST AND EIGHT MONTHS.
The anthracite tonnage for August amounted to
5,041,838 tons, being exceeded but once before in
that month in the history of the anthracite coal
trade. In August, 1903, the roads carried 5,169,-
402 tons. The total tonnage for the year to September
1 was 40.305,578 tons, exceeding that of
the corresponding period of the previous year by
2,099,410 tons. The distribution of this tonnage,
as compared with the corresponding period of
1904, was as follows:
1905. i—1904.
Aug. Sept.l. Aug. Sept. 1.
Reading . . 1.132.29S . 8,233,808 852,271 7,440,188
Leh. Val... 786.226. 6,5.85,352 651,452 6,220,981
Jer. Cen.. . . 656,459 5,159,874 551,052 4.836,166
Del. & L.. . . 741,979 6,166,527 663,595 6.129,249
Del. & H. .. 414,644 3,830,578 391,356 3,712,029
Pa. R. R.. . . 412,S44 3,272,796 406,749 3.185,835
Erie
527,421 4,100,616 442.663 3,912,514
N. Y. 0..& W
Del., Sus.
228.999 1,894,547 220,693 1,765,333
& Ski.. . . 140,968 1,061,480 145,933 1,003,873
Totals ..5,041,838 40.305,578 4.325,734 38,206,168
The Delaware, Susquehanna & Schuylkill was
the only one of the anthracite carriers that failed
to increase its August tonnage, having fallen behind
nearly 5,000 tons, while the Reading made
the largest gain—280,027 tons. As compared
with July 31, 1905, there was an increase in the
quantity of coal stored at tidewater shipping points
on August 31 of 102,829 tons.

URGING NEW OHIO MINE LAWS.
Ohio may have some new mining legislation as
the result of the movement inaugurated by Chief
Mine Inspector George Harrison and the district
inspectors. The attorney general and his assist­
ants have been going over the mining districts
with the inspectors to see just what changes are
necessary and acting on the suggestions they thus
received, new laws will be framed looking to
greater safety in operation. A meeting of all the
mine inspectors of the state was held recently at
Columbus, O., and they made the following recommendation
to the mine operators:
"In consideration of the opinion of the legal department
of the state that doors automatically
operated on haulways in mines is not an infringement
of mining laws and that the mine inspectors
in their discretionary powers can favor or recommend
such doors, and also in consideration of the
many fatal accidents occurring at old wooden
doors and their incompleteness and defects as air
conductors, this department does highly recommend
to every mine operator the replacement of
the old fashioned wooden door by well arranged
and safe modern devices in the shape of automatic
doors, such as considered safest and best
suited to the conditions surrounding the operations
of their mines."
DISCUSSED ALLEGED DISCRIMINATION.
After spending a day before the Railroad Commission,
giving testimony as to coal transportation
and rates, gas belt manufacturers of Indiana
to the number of about 40 went home satisfied,
apparently, that there will be no increases in
freight rates on coal for a long time to come.
Railroad companies of Indiana, it was the consensus
of opinion among the manufacturers, will
not dare to increase rates on coal hauling to manufacturers,
because of the certainty that many of
the largest industries of the gas belt would be
forced to close down, unable to operate at a profit
with coal rates higher than they are at present—
60 cents a ton. The investigation of the coal rate
situation before the Railroad Commission was
the result of an informal complaint filed against
coal roads several weeks ago by S. B. Harding of
the Elwood Electric Light Co. He pointed out
that the railroads had three rates in effect—a rate
of 60 cents a ton to manufacturers, 75 cents to
"steam coal" concerns—such as electric lighting
plants, heating plants, etc., and 85 cents to domestic
consumers. The tenor of his complaint
was that the "steam coal" concerns and domestic
consumers were being discriminated against in
favor of manufacturers.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
SOMETHING OF THE ATTORNEY WALES
SCHEME TO END ANTHRACITE STRIKE
OF 1902, FOR WHICH JOHN MITCHELL
IS SUED FOR $200,000.
Attorneys for President John Mitchell, of the
United Mine Workers, in the suit of A. D. Wales,
of Binghamton, who sues for $200,000 damages,
recently received copies of the modified bill of
particulars which the court has compelled Wales
to file. This bill is the skeleton of the plans
which Wales claims he gave Mitchell for the settlement
of the 1902 strike and, in substance, outlines
a political and economic proposition, in which it
was sought through concerted action by the people,
with a central bureau to be established in Binghamton,
to drive the coal and other "trusts" to
cover. Mr. Wales planned to take advantage of
a rising public sentiment to procure in Pennsylvania
and New York and in Congress remedial
legislation, drastic in character, leveled at and
against trusts and railroad discrimination, and
also to procure a railroad commission for the
state of Pennsylvania similar to that of New York.
Nothing is said in detail in regard to the alleged
actual agreement as to the price of his services.
It is likely that something more tangible will be
asKed for.
(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 29).
Working Agreement Perfected, C&c.
for veins in which more rock, slate and bone may
be found.
"No. 5. All employes shall be furnished with
an itemized statement of account before each pay
day, which they will retain instead of returning
to the company as heretofore.
"No. 6. There shall be an equitable distribution
of cars to all miners employed at each mine,
up to his capacity to load in his regular turn, except
where the development, the terms upon which
the property is held, or the safety of the mine
call for a discrimination. The officials at each
colliery will be instructed to see that this provision
is carried out."
A vein of coal of a thickness of 25 to 30 feet has
been discovered near McPherson, Kas., at a depth
of 1,800 feet, by men who were drilling an oil well.
Coal is valuable in that part of the state, as none
can lie found close to the surface.
Major General Corbin, commander of the United
States forces in the Philippines, makes the interesting
suggestion in his annual report that the
archipelago in the near future will produce not
only its own coal supply, but will compete with
Australia and Japan in the markets of the Orient.

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
LEHIGH VALLEY COAL CO.
The report of the. Lehigh Valley Coal Co. for
the year ending June 30, 1905, gives the following
statements of its operations.' The capital obligations
include $1,965,000 stock, $12,968,000 bonds
and $10,537,000 certificates of indebtedness. The
yearly interest charge on the bonds is $634,400.
The stock and certificates of indebtedness are
owned by the railroad company. The total production
of coal by the company, and the minor
concerns which it controls, was as follows, in long
tons:
1904. 1905. Changes:
Lehigh Valley Co.. 4.275,131 5,605,988 1.1,330,857
Tenants of L.V.Co. 1.667,957 1,709,882 I. 41,925
Minor companies.. 1,568,870 659,341 D. 909.529
Total 7,511,958 7,975,211 I. 463,253
The gross earnings of the Lehigh Valley Coal
Co. are not given; the net earnings were $635,548.
or 7.97c. per ton of coal reported. Charges were
$500,000 for improvements and $108,676 for bonds
redeemed and other adjustments, leaving a surplus
of $26,872. Adding $1,624,429 brought forward
from previous year, made a total surplus
of $1,651,501.
The earnings of the Lehigh Valley railroad from
coal traffic for the year were $13,530,337, or 43.3
per cent, of its total revenue. The total coal tonnage
was 11,255,918 tons, and the coal traffic
amounted to 1,880,899.182 ton-miles. The average
haul on coal was 167.1 miles; the average gross
earnings per ton of eoal. $1.20; and per coal tonmile,
0.719c. These figures include only revenue
coal, and not coal for the company's use. Quoting
from the report in part: "In pursuance of the
company's policy of handling its own coal at points
where the tonnage warrants, additional coal yards
at Syracuse, Chicago. Milwaukee and St. Paul
have been secured. The advance royalty account
shows a decrease of $164,706.26, due to the improvement
and development of the coal property.
The $5,000,000 Lehigh Valley Coal Co. second
mortgage bonds and the $1,844,000 Hazleton Coal
Co. bonds owned by the Lehigh Valley Railroad
Co. and formerly held as collateral, as well as the
$2,000,000 Lehigh Valley Coal Co. five-ten year coal
pledge bonds, were canceled. The properties of
the Connell, Seneca, Righter, Warrior Run and
Wyoming Coal & Land companies were acquired
for the Lehigh Valley Coal Co. and in the place
thereof the Lehigh Valley Coal Co. issued to the
Lehigh Valley Railroad Co. certificates of indebtedness
and capital stock amounting to $11,202,000.
which have been pledged under the general consolidated
mortgage as additional collateral security."
COKE PRODUCTIONS OF SOUTHERN STATES.
In the last twenty-five years the number of completed
ovens in the southern states increased from
1,988 to 33,768, or by 31.780, equal to 1,598 per cent.,
and in the rest of the country from 10,384 to 49,731
or 39,347, equal to 378 per cent. In the same period
the coke produced in the southern states increased
from 397,776 tons to 6.244,185 tons, or by 5,846,409
tons, equal to 1,469 per cent., and in the rest of
the country from 2,940,524 tons to 17,377,335 tons,
or by 14,436,811 tons, equal to 490 per cent. In
1880 the number of southern ovens, constituting
16 per cent, of the total in the country, produced
11.9 per cent., the total coke output. In 1904 the
southern ovens, representing 40.4 per cent, of the
total number in the country, produced 26.4 per
cent, of the total coke output. The lagging in the
rate of increase of output, as compared with the
rate of increase in the number of ovens, is largely
accounted for by the fact that about 60 per cent.
of the ovens idle in the country in 1904 were in
the south, though the actual number of days of
operation and the capacity of the ovens must also
be considered in that connection. For instance,
the 40,151 active ovens in Pennsylvania having produced
an average of 370 tons each, while the 7,249
in Alabama produced an average of 323 tons, the
2,081 of Tennessee had an average output of 182
tons, while the 15,140 of West Virginia had an
average output of 150 tons.
The production in the past two years in the
southern states, excluding Maryland, for which
no statistics are given separately, may be given as
follows:
States. 1903. 1904.
Alabama 2,693,497 2,340,219
Georgia 85,546 75,812
Kentucky 115,362 64,112
Tennessee 546,875 379,240
Virginia 1,176,349 1,101,716
West Virginia 2,707,818 2,283,086
Total 7,325,537 6,244,185
Total United States.. 25,274.281 23,621,520
The executive board of the United Mine Workers
of Illinois recently appointed a committee to make
powder tests at the four' mines where operations
are now suspended owing to inability to agree on
the amount of powder necessary for blasting. The
committee consists of State Secretary W. D. Ryan,
John T. Parsons and J. H. Walker. The tests
were first made at the Solomon and Thayer mines
and later at the Divernon and Virden mines. The
general managers and superintendents of the mines
assisted in making the tests, the results of which
have not yet been announced.

DISCUSSING PROPOSED ISSUES IN FIXING
ANTHRACITE WORKING CONDITIONS
AFTER APRIL 1st.—MINERS CONVEN­
TION IN DECEMBER TO DRAFT DE­
MAND.
Whilst President John Mitchell of the United
Mine Workers was in Philadelphia recently it
developed that the anthracite miners' convention
to draft their demands for working conditions
after the expiration of the strike commission's
award. April 1, would be held in Shamokin, Pa.,
early in December, probably between the 5th and
10th of that month. Coincident with this it was
announced unofficially that the miners' principal
demands, which have been outlined in an earlier
i&ssue of THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN, would include
the following:
First—Recognition, taking the form of a signed
agreement of the miners' union by the coal operators.
Second—An eight-hour clay, to take the place of
the nine-hour day awarded by the strike commission
and accepted by the union for the
purposes of bringing about the present working
agreement.
Third—Increased pay over the minimum wages
now paid men and boys who do not come under
the classified "contract miners." but generally
known as "unskilled labor."
Fourth—Uniform wages for workers who are
not actually miners in all the hard coal collieries.
As there are not more than 30,000 contract
miners among the 140,000 workers in and about
the anthracite mines, the third and fourth items
in the foregoing list of demands are of concern
to upward of 100,000 men and boys. A yielding
to these demands would, therefore, mean an immense
additional expenditure by the coal operators.
It is on this point that all concerned in
the outcome of the Shamokin convention—operators,
miners, shippers, dealers, et al.—expect the
tug to come as between the mine owners and the
union.
"I shall," said President Mitchell, "exert all my
influence to gain for the miners what they most
earnestly demand—recognition of the union, which
is indispensable to their ultimate welfare, and the
eight-hour day, which is a demand based on human
principles. Personally, I favor both demands.
I do not withdraw from the stand I took in my
speech at Tamaqua, where I said that peace in
the coal fields can come only with recognition of
the union by the operators. As to the eight-hour
day, the justice of the demand is recognized in
all parts of the world."
Mr. Mitchell's attention was called to the fact
that, since the Tamaqua speech, it has been figured
that the miners' demands may not be granted
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
unless an increase of 50 cents per ton be made
to the consumer of coal. He said:
"Experts have figured that the coal operators
have collected at least $30,000,000 from consumers
since the award of the strike commission. I do
not think that even the operators themselves will
dare to say that the miners have received more
than $16,000,000 of this excess."
At a mass meeting in Mt. Carmel, September 8,
Mr. Mitchell declared: "I want no more strikes."
At Shamokin, September 10, the miners' president
said: "Our organization has maintained all
the time from 50,000 to 60,000 paid-up members in
good standing with the national body. Besides
that, there are a large number of men who keep
up with their locals, but who are not heard from
at headquarters. By the time my tour closes I
hope to have 100,000 men in the district and national
unions, and, perhaps, 120,000 in the locals."
"Considering the increased price of living, are
the men receiving proportionately more than they
did prior to the strike of 1900?" was asked.
"I think that the increase of wages taken
straight through, amounts to about 16 per cent.,"
replied Mr. Mitchell, "and I do not believe the
additional cost of living is quite that. However.
there is this to be taken into consideration—with
the increase in wages came an increase in wants
and desires."
Disregarding the reported declaration of President
Baer of the Reading that there will be no
strike, an official of the Lehigh Valley Coal Co.
is quoted anonymously as follows:
"The demand of President Mitchell for an eighthour
day may seem to the public not too onerous
for the companies to accede, in view of the fact
that miners on contract never work more than
eight hours. As a matter of fact, however, it
would involve the addition of three-quarters of a
day's pay every week to all the employes at the
mines, with the exception of contract miners, who
are a relatively unimportant factor. It would involve
between $5,000,000 and $6,000,000 in additional
wages every year, and would make absolutely
necessary an increase in the price of coal,
if mining is to be continued at a profit. Recognition
of the union would absolutely crush out
the non-unionists and compel a large body of men
who have heretofore been loyal to the operators
to either join Mr. Mitchell's organization or quit
the region. The operators could not afford to
treat these men this way."
Discussing Mr. Mitchell's interview at Philadelphia,
an independent operator at Pottsville declared
:
"Mitchell has put his foot into it."
"Take his own word that the coal companies
have made $30,000,000 during the three years the
agreement has been in effect, and that the miners

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
got $16,000,000 of this. He now asks for con­
cessions amounting to $5,000,000 per vear more.
or a total of $15,000,000 in three years. Add this
to the other $16,000,000 and you have a total of
$31,000,000, leaving a deficit for the operators. It
is evident Mitchell has made large demands in
order to make liberal concessions when the time
conies."
SEVEN MONTHS EXPORTS AND IMPORTS.
Exports of coal and coke from the United States
for the seven months ending July 31 are reported
by the bureau of statistics of the department of
commerce and labor as follows:
1904. 1905. Changes.
Anthracite 1.402,057 1.417,789 I. 15,732
Bituminous 3,386,041 3.824,452 I. 438.411
Total coal 4.788,098 5,242,241 1.454,143
Coke 311,102 342,126 I. 3L024
Totals 5,099,200 5,584,367 1.485,167
The coke went chiefly to Mexico, with some shipped
to Canada also; the latter being taken by
blast furnaces in Ontario. The coal exports were
distributed as follows:
1904. 1905. Changes.
Canada 3,566.938 3,930.143 1.363,205
Mexic ° 544,550 540.823 D. 3^727
Cuba 257,174 283,598 I. 26,424
Other West Indies.. 159,994 181,357 I. 21363
Prance 9,704 651 D. g',053
Italy 53.580 51,771 D. 1,809
Other Europe 39,452 lo.SbO D. 23,592
Other countries. .. . 156.706 23S.03S I. 8L332
Total 4.7SS.098 5,242,241 I. 454,143
The greater part of the exports are to adjacent
countries—Canada, Mexico, Cuba and the other
West Indies. The coal to other countries goes
principally to South America. Exports to Canada
in detail were as follows:
1904. 1905. Changes.
Anthracite 1,383,558 1,398,252 I. 14 694
Bituminous 2,183,380 2,531.891 I. 348^511
Total 3,569,938 3.930,143 1.363,205
Imports of coal, into the United States for the
seven months ending July 31 are reported by the
bureau as follows:
1904. 1905. Changes.
Canada 715,724 753,643 I. 37,919
Great Britain 53,601 27,526 D. 26,075
Other Europe 50 114 1. 64
Ja P an 33,722 39.058 L 5,336
Australia 122,855 85,898 D. 36,957
Other countries.... 977 38 D. '939
Total 926,929 906,277 D. 20,652
CHANGES AMONG READING OFFICIALS.
The management of the Reading Coal & Iron
Co. has made something like a score of changes
among important operating officials in the past
six months. All look to the instilling of younger
blood into the company's affairs. Following the
recent retirement of aged John Veith as mining
superintendent, who was succeeded by Reese Tas-
ker, comes the official announcement of the retire­
ment of Superintendent John Maguire, of the
Pottsville division. George B. Hardesty, of Hazle­
ton, an official of the Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre Co.,
is appointed to succeed Mr. Maguire. The latter
is a veteran of the civil war and was one of cap­
tors of Jefferson Davis. The jurisdiction of E. E.
Kaercher, superintendent of the Tremont division,
is extended to cover the Minersville division. J.'
W. Morrison, outside foreman of Alaska colliery,
is promoted to be outside superintendent of the
Minersville division. J. H. Lee, outside foreman
of the St. Nicholas colliery, is promoted to be out­
side superintendent of the Tremont division. The
campaign of changes started with W. J. Richards
being taken over from the Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre
Co. He succeeded R. C. Luther as general manager,
in charge of all the Reading's interests at
Pottsville. Beyond his exceptional value to the
company as a thorough and tireless operating official
he has won the steadfast loyalty of the employes
in measure never before attained.
PERFECTING PITTSBURGH C& WEST­
MORELAND COAL CO. MERGER.
The Pittsburgh & Westmoreland Coal Co. of
Pittsburgh, capital $3,000,000, was incorporated at
Harrisburg, September 13.This is the company
which is merging the Hazel Kirk Coal Co.. capital
$1,000,000; the Shoenberger Coal Co.. capital $668-
000; the Penn Manor Shaft Co., capital $632 000the
Pittsburgh & Connellsville Coke Co., capital
$700,000, and the Pittsburgh & Westmoreland Coal
Co. The combined tonnage will be about 2,000,000
the year. Coal acreage owned is 6,000. Officers
named in the papers approved by Governor Pennypacker
are D. W. Kuhn, president; H. K Knopf
vice-president; S. A. Davis, secretary; W A Lyon'
treaturer; and J. H. Roelfs, all of Pittsburgh'
H. A. Kuhn is general manager and George A
Magoon, sales manager. The companv holds
some exceptionally valuable assets in its gas coal
properties.
With the one thing on which there is accord in
the anthracite "situation," avowedly, "it is too
early to talk," there's surely no dearth of "quote"
and "inspired" stuff getting into print.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
FORMAL OPENING OF THE NEW OAKDALE MINE OF THE CARNEGIE COAL CO.,
A MODEL FOR ECONOMICAL OPERATION.
As forecasted by beautifully steel-engraved invitations,
the Carnegie Coal Co., Carnegie, Pa., on
the afternoon of September 6 treated 75 guests,
business contemporaries and others, to a delightful
and instructive inspection of its new Oakdale
mine in the Panhandle thin vein coal field. Nine
of the companies pit cars, equipped comfortably
with seats and lined with muslin were taken a
distance of nearly a mile through the cool wooded
valley approach into the mine. When in the
electrically-lighted mine, the train was stopped in
front of rooms to permit of careful viewing of the
operation of the electric chain coal cutting machines
furnished by the Morgan-Gardner Electric
1^
•-myyr,
mf
•
l l
^/\ 0 MINES •&>
1 B
IT
_
•
\r*****^-'. Yfrjf f -J
•TM1
to. About 2,500 feet from the mine opening is the
tipple. The haulage and tipple equipment, which
is especially complete, was installed by the Phillips
Mine & Mill Supply Co. of Pittsburgh. This includes
an automatic arrangement for handling
consisting of a feeder and assembling chain haul.
This device carries the loaded cars to the dump
for emptying, after which it takes them over the
kick-up and back to the assembly haul which
makes up the trip of empty mine cars going back
into the pit. This automatic handling plant is
made more effective through having connected
with it an electric device which governs the speed
of sending the loaded cars to the dump.
'. WmWSfcr^m-mUyr- ._-_-_•- — _ -..
Photo by A. E. Downham. Oakdale, Pa., and 340 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh.
^
,>
1 , •••
SOUTHWEST VIEW OF THE;SURFACE PLANT AT OAKDALE MINE OF THE CARNEGIE COAL CO.
Co. of Chicago. The entire moderately equipped
plant was carefully gone over, most of the visitors
being engrossed with several of its economical
innovations.
The Oakdale plant will have a capacity of 1,500
tons a day. Its equipment is electrically driven
throughout. The property embraces 500 acres of
coal and 200 acres of valuable surface land.
The taking out of coal was started at this plant
March 1, this year. Work was pushed day and
night in driving the main entry and turning the
rooms, this development having already brought to
the surface 20,000 tons of coal, which is piled on
the hillside. While the plant was being erected
160 rooms were turned and a large amount of
entry driven, thus bringing out the coal referred
**
The power house is of substantial and fire-proof
construction and most attractive to behold. It is
of brick with slate roof. The engine room is lined
with pressed brick and floored with tile. The
power equipment includes two 200 H. P. watertube
boilers direct connected to the 200 K. W.
generator. The mine equipment includes a 13ton
motor locomotive and Morgan-Gardner Electric
Co. chain coal-cutting machines.
Among those attending the inspection were
George Z. Hosack, president of the New York &
Cleveland Gas Coal Co. of Pittsburgh; George T.
Kirkbride, president of the Kirkbride Coal Co.;
Thomas Beadling, general manager of the Verner
Coal Co.; George S. Baton and James Elliot, the
Pittsburgh engineers; quite a party of ladies and

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Robert P. Burgan, president and general manager;
George M. Hosack, vice-president; Joel T. M.
Stoneroad. secretary and treasurer; Jesse H. Sanford,
director, and George W. Kline, superintendent
of construction; all of the Carnegie Coal Co.
THE COAI. TRADE BULLETIN, in a recent issue
dealt with the growing scope of the Carnegie Coal
Co.. which through its new operations and absorption
of the Chartiers Coal Co.. making it the
second largest producer of exclusively thin vein
coal in the Pittsburgh district. With the Primrose.
Carnegie and new Oakdale mines of the company
in full operation its output will be over 4,000
tons the day.
TRAVELING COAL SALESMEN ORGANIZE.
At a meeting of a number of the traveling coal
salesmen, held at the Great Northern Hotel, Chicago,
recently, the initiative was taken and by
unanimous vote of those present a temporary organization,
planned to be of national scope later,
was perfected, membership in which will be confined
to the coal trade and formed along somewhat
similar lines to the Hoo Hoos among the
lumber interests. Its object is to promote and
cultivate the welfare and happiness of its members;
to discourage the practice of "knocking" and
to encourage the habit of "boosting." Mr. George
N. Barclay was elected temporary chairman and
Mr. Arthur W. Hull was chosen as temporary secretary.
As a committee to draft the constitution
and by-laws, there was appointed Messrs. Paul F.
Irwin, Elmer Martin and H. B. Dupuy. The committee
on ritual consists of Messrs. George N.
Barclay, J. B. Foster, John N. McCabe, Elmer
Martin, M. M. Morrow, H. B. Dupuy, G. W. Mc­
Cullough, Paul F. Irwin, Ralph Hammett. Tom C.
Collins, A. F. Boos and C. F. Lemmon. Another
meeting will be called to take place within 30
days. Membership will later be extended for
other branches of the coal industry. It is desired
that all those who are in favor of the movement
correspond with the temporary secretary at
1431 Monadnock block, Chicago.
A coal mine in the frozen north was one thing
found by the Ziegler expedition. H. H. Newcombe.
Milford, Mass., and Dr. J. C. Vaughan, Newark,
N. J., have reached Canada after having accompanied
the American Ziegler expedition in the
Arctic since 1903. Mr. Newcombe told of an important
coal discovery up the side of a steep mountain
and how the men dug out a winter's supply
of coal and. on their backs, carried it to their
camp.
The miners' conciliation board met at Wilkes-
Barre September 12. In the absence of President
Connell, W. J. Richards, of the Reading company,
presided. The session was devoted to the grievances
of the employes of the Silver Brook Coal
Co.. who claimed that the sliding scale should be
computed on the basis of $1 a car. The men claim
that they receive only 19 cents a ear.
* * *
Following assertions that miners' certificates
had been sold to men who did not pass the required
examination, the court at Wilkes-Barre has
appointed an entirely new board for the Hazleton
region. They are Griffith E. Jones, Patrick Smith,
Eli Rosser, Chris Sundrock, Joshua Griffith.
Thomas Hurley, Peter Snyder, Clark Price and
Pierce Brittain.
* * *
One of the features of a miners' mass meeting
held at Priceburg, Pa., recently was the presentation
by several girls to President Mitchell of a
miniature coal car filled with birdseye coal. The
car was on a small track built for the purpose.
It was pulled by a mule, and the most peculiar
thing of all was the fact that the driver wore a
union button.
* * *
The Lytle Coal Co., Scranton. Pa., which is allied
with the Susquehanna Coal Co., has established a
relief fund for its miners. The miners will be
assessed according to the wages which they receive,
those earning $2.00 per day or over paying
$2.25 per month.
* * *
The coal conciliation board at Cardiff, Wales,
has decided in favor of the coal mine owners who
applied to have the miners' wages reduced 3%
per cent. This brings the wages down to the minimum.
* * *
About half of the 300 miners in the North Leavenworth
coal mines of Leavenworth, Kas., went
on strike August 28, alleging the weighmaster was
giving them short weights and demanding his
discharge.
* * *
The miners of the extensive coal region of the
valley of Arnabal in Spain have struck. Severe
measures have been adopted to preserve order.
» » •
Mitchell day, which falls on Sunday this year,
will be celebrated in the anthracite regions on the
preceding Saturday, October 28.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
THE PULSE OF
A decided briskness has developed in the bituminous
trade. Waiting buyers seem to be suddenly
coming to a realization of the urgency of
getting into the market quickly and covering their
wants. Prices are stiffening. With the rush of
new business and heavier requisitions on old contracts,
the usual thing has taken place and the
car service is entirely inadequate. Conditions are
such as indicate a serious car shortage in the near
future, greatly to be regretted at this time when
the rush is on to the lakes to get the supply to
the upper docks ahead of he close of navigation
in October. The demand for anthracite is vigorous
everywhere. Retailers are putting up prices,
following the establishment the first of the month
of the full circular prices of the producers. An
exceptional anthracite tonnage is being gotten out
but it is not being stored to the extent that unreliable
newspaper reports indicate. The extraordinary
movement is mainly due to heavy buying.
River shippers of the Pittsburgh district have
been favored with a water stage which allowed the
starting for the southern markets of upwards of
57000,000 bushels of coal in the past few days.
Little, if any, of this will go as far south as New
Orleans, there being stored there a sufficient supply
to last till next spring. In Pittsburgh and
the Pittsburgh district and the fields which surround
it, prices are being firmly held as quoted in
our last report. With a satisfactory car supply
till recently a new record is certain to be made
in the quantity of coal being shipped up the lakes.
This is estimated at from 10 to 15 per cent, over
the movement of last season.
There is a decided bracing-up in the coke trade.
The output is being increased at a lively rate and
prices are going higher. Contract prices for the
first part of next year will be above $2.00 the ton
for strictly Connellsville furnace coke with the
foundry at the usual differential above. For spot
delivery $1.95 to $2.10 is the range of prices at
which furnace is now being held with foundry at
$2.35 to $2.50 at Pittsburgh. In the Connellsville
region only about 2,000 of the more than 23,000
ovens are idle and production is at the rate of
268,000 tons a week. In the Lower Connellsville
region practically all of the upward of 7.000 ovens
are active and production is running close to
87,000 tons a week.
The Atlantic seaboard soft-coal trade shows continuing
strength and the fall activity has begun.
All classes of coal feel the- effect of this, and some
of the better grades even have difficulty in keeping
THE MARKETS.
up with their orders, while better tonnages are
seen coming from all the mines. There is no
surplus at tidewater and prices remain firmly at
around $2.30@$2.35 for the fair grades of coal.
Car supply and transportation are feeling the pressure
and both appear to have fallen slightly below
normal. Trade in the far east is active; shippers
have plenty of orders from this territory, but after
the activity shown in this region during the summer,
it is better supplied than many other districts,
in spite of which a continued pressure is
expected. New York harbor trade is strong, there
are no accumulations and orders are more plentiful
than coal. All-rail trade continues vigorous and
consumers are being rather slighted in favor of
tidewater business. In the Chicago territory,
while there are good trade prospects due to the
promised heavy crops, a condition of over-supply
continues in Indiana and Illinois coals. Of eastern
coals, smokeless and Hocking are strong; for
others, there is yet a comparatively light demand.
It is to be said, however, that all grades are
strengthening somewhat and that the prospect is
more encouraging than it has been for a long time.
The anthracite trade is becoming more active
generally. It shows splendid firmness and steadiness
with sales much heavier than usual at this
time of year. There is pronounced activity in
the movement to the consumer. Retail prices are
advancing almost everywhere. While good stocks
are reported to be on hand at nearly all points.
the fall demand will soon cause a depletion, and
the foresight of the large operators in continuing
operations will then be evident, as the demand
for the prepared domestic sizes invariably exceeds
the supply when there is any kind of a market.
There is every indication of a good fall and winter
business. While the hard coal trade is active in
Chicago territory, there is still some cutting of
prices due to the large amount of free coal that
accumulates on tracks and must be sold. September
prices now in force prescribe $6.50 for egg,
stove and chestnut anthracite and $6.25 for grate.
The present demand is largely for the smaller sizes.
Hull, Blyth & Co., of London and Cardiff, report
that owing to the recent boisterous weather and
the consequent lateness of tonnage, the market for
the moment is weaker, but there is every sign that
this is only temporary. Best Welsh steam coal.
$3.30; seconds, $3.12; thirds, $3.00; dry coals,
$3.00; best Monmouthshire, $3.06; seconds, $2.94;
best small steam coal. $2.28; seconds, $2.16; other
sorts, $1.92.

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
• ••«! PERSONAL. ft I
Mr. J. T. M. Stoneroad, recretary and treasurer
of the Carnegie Copl Co., Carnegie, Pa., is away
for a month's hunting in Montana.
Dr. R. W. Ells, of the geological survey department
of Canada, has returned from Graham island.
of the Queen Charlotte gioup. where he went last
spring to examine and report on the coal measures
of that island. before going back to Ottawa be
Mr. B. S. Abbott of Weir City, Kas.. has purchased
a tract of coal land lying just north of
Pittsburg. Kas.
will again visit the Quilchena and Nicola districts,
where he last year examined the coal measures,
and proceed thence to the Tulameen, Similkameen
and Okanagan districts of British Colum­
Mr. John E. Berwind, of the Berwind
bia, in each of which coal is already being prospected,
or indications of its occurrence have been
found.
: White Coal
Mining Co., is back after spending the summer
abroad.
Mr. John W. Peale of Peale. Peacock & Kerr,
New York, is in Maine on a business and vacation
trip.
Mr. John J. Coyne, formerly with W. K. Niver
& Co., at Baltimore, has accepted a position with
Haddock. Blanchard & Co., New York, as assistant
to G. W. Seiler, sales agent. Mr. Coyne has been
identified with the coal trade for the past five
years, serving first for three years with the Continental
Coal Co. of Baltimore, and then with W. K.
Niver & Co. as salesman in the Maryland and
southern Pennsylvania trade.
Capt. John W. Mahan, prominently connected
with coal mining aT Charleston, W. Va., died recently
in that city after an illness of several weeks.
He was at the head of the Mahan Lumber Co. and
the Hickory Camp Coal Co. on Paint Creek, near
Charleston. He formerly lived in Washington,
D. C.
Mr. Alexander Cunninghame. president of the
Luhrig Coal Co.. Cincinnati, 0.. and general manager
of the Arkansas Anthracite Coal Co.. landed
in New York after his European trip a week ago.
After a short stay in the east he returned to his
headquarters.
Mr. W. A. Swan has purchased the property of
the Mohawk Coal Co., of Pittsburg, Kas.
Mr. D. C. Botting has passed the examination for
state coal mine inspector of the state of Washington.
Crab Orchard Improvement Co., Charleston, W.
Va.; capital, $1,000,000; to develop coal on the
Piney Creek branch of the C. & O. R. R.; incorporators,
Charles J. Wittenburg of New York; S.
Mr. Joseph Bailey of DuBois. Pa., has been appointed
by the governor delegate for Pennsylvania
M. Miller of Philipsburg, Pa.; and George E.
to the next annual convention of the American
Price, R. P. Flournoy and J. Edmund Price of
Mining Congress to be held at El Paso, Tex., No­
Charleston. W. Va.
vember 14-18th. Mr. Bailey is general superin­
—+—
tendent of the Erie Eailroad Co.'s bituminous coal Mannington Coal & Coke Co., Cumberland, Md.;
interests in Pennsylvania and Ohio, with head­ to operate in Kentucky; capital, $100,000; incorquarters
at DuBois.
porators, William B. Redgrave, Andrew Hogg, John
B. Williams, William G. Hiller. Harry L. Beverly,
Mr. George B. Hardesty, who for several years
Mortimer C. Robinson, Robert Duncan. Developed
has been superintendent of the Honey Brook divi­
lands in Kentucky.
sion of the Lehigh & Wilkesbarre Coal Co., of
1
Wilkesbarre, Pa., has tendered his resignation and
Federal Coal & Iron Co., Denver, Colo.; capital,
will become identified with the Philadelphia &
$500,000; officers and directors, James A. Harris,
Reading Coal & Iron Co. as superintendent of the
Joseph R. Banks, Henry E. Long, J. W. Johnson,
Pottsville division, with headquarters at Pottsville.
Clarence E. Stephens, John P. Steele, Solomon
Schwader, H. W. Tobridge and Henry V. Johnson.
Queen City Coal Co., Cincinnati, O.; authorized
capital, $50,000; incorporators, Melvin E. Lynn,
James A. Reilly. T. Newton Jones, William B.
Bassett and John R. Griffiths.
r—
Birch Run Coal & Coke Co., New York; capital,
$100,000; directors, George W. Turley and Edgar
W. Turley of Irvona, Pa.; Isaac Myers and Alfred
Jacobs of New York.
Southern Dispatch Coal Co., Uniontown, Ky.;
capital, $50,000; incorporators, George S. Parker,
Thomas L. Dehorty, Samuel Harred. John Thorn,
James L. Gavin.
Midland Valley Coal Co.. Ft. Smith, Ark.; capi-

tal, $1,000; incorporators, Joseph M. Spradling.
H. Denman, F. Bache, James F. Read, James B.
MeDonough.
—+—
McLaughlin Coal & Grain Co., Memphis, Tenn.;
capital, $50,000; incorporators, W. P. McLaughlin,
L. A. Thornton, G. W. Bagnal, A. J. Cook, M. E.
McLaughlin.
C. G. Harten Coal Co., St. Paul, Minn.; capital,
$30,000; incorporators, G. R. Newton, M. B. Henderson,
Maud N. Ferris, John C. Nelson, George
H. Atwood. .,
1
Columbus Coal & Coke Co., Columbus, O.; capital.
$10,000; incorporators, J. C. Miller, C. H. Hallgath,
W. H. Bott, Jesse W. Woodward and A. N.
Flora.
—+—
Monterey Coal Co. of Tennessee. Jersey City;
capital, $150,000; incorporators, Otho S. Lee, Jr.,
George W. Flaacke, Franklin Wagner, Jersey City.
—+—
Brasher Coal Co., Madisonville, Ky.; capital,
$150,000; incorporators, J. B. Brashner, M. D.
Brashner, Ira Parrish.
1—
Dallas Oil & Fuel Co., Dallas, Tex.; capital, $10,-
000; incorporators, John V. Hughes, S. S. Morgan,
C. L. Dealey.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
order makes a total of 54 Ingersoll-Sergeant air
compressors in use or contracted for on subaquous
tunnels entering New York City. The
aggregate free air capacity of these machines is
138,426 cubic feet per minute, and the pressures
delivered range 30 to 150 pounds. This company
has furnished all the compressors for this class of
work in New York and vicinity.
—x—
The Macomber & Whyte Rope Co. of Chicago
have been unusually busy this year on mining
ropes, of which they make a specialty, both for
hoisting and haulage purposes. This company
has largely increased their facilities during the
past year, having removed their New York office
and warehouse to 122 to 130 Centre street, to obtain
larger quarters, and having opened a warehouse
and office in Pittsburgh, their office at this
point being located in the Times building. They
still maintain their Pacific coast office and warehouse
at 815 Colman Dock, Seattle, and have
closed a number of important agencies, which include
the Todd-Donigan Iron Co., Louisville, the
William T. Johnston Co., Cincinnati. Sunderland
Roofing & Supply Co.. Omaha, Great Western Mfg.
Co., Kansas City, Reed & Duecker, Memphis, and
Gibbens & Stream, New Orleans. This concern
has met with unusual success since the installation
of their modern wire rope plant at Coal Citv.
111., and all operators should correspond with
them regarding their special mine ropes.
• INDUSTRIAL NOTES. •
The Degnon Contracting Co., contractors for the
two new tunnels of the N. Y. & L. I. R. R. under
East River, have just placed one of the largest
machinery orders of recent times with the Ingersoll-Sergeant
Drill Co., of New York. This order
includes fourteen air compressors of two different
types. Eight are of duplex compound class "HC"
pattern with steam cylinders 16 and 28 inches in
diameter, air cylinders 25V4 and 16Vi inches in
diameter, and a stroke 16 inches. Each unit has
a free air capacity of 1205 cubic feet per minute.
The other six are of straight line class "A" type,
with a 24-inch steam cylinder, 26 1 —x—
The Sullivan Machinery Co. has issued Bulletin
48-E in handsome typographical and illustrated
form. The booklet deals in interesting manner
with the advantages of the company's automatic
cross-over dump for the rapid and economical
handling of coal, ore and rock from mines and
quarries.
A test of that provision of the Pennsylvania
mining law requiring that coal be undermined before
it is blasted will soon be made at Uniontown,
when William J. Callahan, mine foreman at the
Revere works of the W. J. Rainey Coke Co., will
/4-inch air cyl­ be put on trial for failure to enforce it. The
inder and a stroke of 30 inches. The capacity of charge agaainst him was preferred by Mine In­
each is 1444 cubic feet per minute. The aggrespector I. G. Roby, and the grand jury returned
gate free air capacity of the fourteen compressors true bills on ten counts against Callahan.
is 18,304 cubic feet per minute. The shield
method will be used in driving these tunnels. The
straight line compressors will furnish air to the The Pennsylvania Retail Coal Merchants' Asso­
headings for keeping out the water and will also ciation has made application at Reading, Pa., for
supply intake air to the other machines. The a chaiter. Headquarters will be in that city. The
compound units, drawing their air at discharge applicants are Samuel B. Crowell, Philadelphia;
pressure of the low pressure machines, will fur­ Benneville F. Bertolet. Reading; Joseph H. Palmer,
nish air at high pressure to the rock drills and Wallingsford; F. J. Wallis, Harrisburg; J. Arthur
other machinery in the tunnel bores. This last Strunk, Reading.

4S THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
« CONSTRUCTION and DEVELOPMENT. K
The Cincinnati. Hamilton & Dayton and Pere
Marquette system is announced by President Zimmerman
to have plans complete for a through line.
Chicago to Charleston, S. C. with a fleet on the
Great Lakes linking with its lines in the northwest.
Work has been undertaken on the construction
of a bridge from Ashland to Ironton. A railroad
125 miles long into Kentucky, where they
have acquired 35(1,000 acres of coal lands, will be
built and coke ovens and other development work
carried out. The output of these mines is to
be from two and a half to three million tons a
year. Work on improving the coal and ore docks
at Toledo is under way and the company is building
a fleet for carrying coal and ore on the Great
Lakes.
Retail coal dealers from business centers in the
United States and Canada will meet in Buffalo
September 21 and 22, in a joint convention held
for the purpose of amalgamating the present
National Council of Coal Dealers and the National
Anthracite Merchants' Association. The convention
is planned to have an important effect on
the retail coal trade. The formation of an information
bureau taking in all retail dealers is
proposed and will be acted on. The new organization
promoters claim it will not enterfere with existing
state or independent associations.
*
Frank H. Johnston, an officer in the People's
Coal & Wood Co. at New Britain, Conn., has
brought suit for appointment of a receiver for
the company. The plaintiff opposed the action of
All the mines of the Ohio & Pennsylvania Coal the other stockholders in selling out the business
Co. in Ohio are to be fitted with electrical arrange­ to a creditor, who other stockholders state agreed
ments. Sixteen new coal pockets are to be
erected at the mines of the conipany at Saline­
to settle all legitimate claims against the conipany.
*
ville. Facilities are to be afforded for the storage The McAlester Fuel Co.. of South McAlester. I.
of coal for twenty additional engines at Saline­ T., has absorbed the Midland Valley Coal Co., of
ville.
Fort Smith, Ark. The offices will be kept in
South McAlester and J. G. Puterbaugh will be
After President Sturgess of Scranton, and other general sales agent.
officers of the Pine Hill Coal Co. visited the scene
*
of the recent $150,000 fire at the Pine Hill colliery. The merchants of Burton, Kas., are demanding
near Pottsville. a few days ago. it was announced the same rate on Wyoming coal that is made to
that the conipany will build a new modern breaker Wichita, Kas. Wichita is 30 miles further from
and make other improvements, which will entail Wyoming and gets a rate of $4, while Burton pays
a cost of a half million dollars.
$4.50.
The Joseph Walton Coal Co. will shortly adverAllen
& Barrett, dealers at Plymouth, Mich., have
tise for bids on a coal float, which will be the first dissolved partnership. The Michigan Mfg. &
of its kind at Louisville, Ky.. and one of the largest Lumber Co., of Holley, will continue the business,
ever built for river service there. The proposed Mr. Barrett representing that concern.
float will be more than twenty-six feet wide and
*
150 feet long and will have a hopper near one end. The West Kentucky Coal Co.. Paducah, Ky., recently'
was awarded the contract for supplying
The Pittsburgh & Lake Erie railroad interests coal for the city lighting plant. This company
are understood to be nearly ready with the plans will supply coal at $1.15 per ton.
on which contracts will be awarded for extension
*
of the company's lines into the valuable unde­ J. D. Hale and John Scheiman. of Decatur, Ind.,
veloped coal property of Greene county. Pa. have purchased the coal yards at that point belonging
to the City Trucking Co. The yards will be
The Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co., it stocked for the winter demand.
is said, is preparing to erect a new breaker at the
*
Bear Valley colliery at Shamokin, Pa. There are A meeting of the coal dealers in the vicinity of
two shafts at the colliery and the breaker now in New Ulm, Minn., was recently held at Mankato,
use is too small to handle the output.
Minn., for the purpose of discussing the demurrage
laws and freight rates.
Bids are being taken by the W. G. Wilkins Co.
*
for 60 houses for the Pocahontas & New River C. C. Jordan, a coal dealer of St. Louis, Mo., was
Consolidated Coal & Coke Co. at Dryford Creek. recently fined $50 for delivering two shortweight
W. Va.
loads of coal to a customer.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
USEFUL KEY TO HAULAGE REQUIREMENTS.
In determining requirements in haulage engines
the appended table will be found of great value.
Mr. Charles Kuderer, 346 Hemlock street, Alle­
gheny, Pa., the mechanical engineer, who com­
piled and copyrighted the table, has demonstrated
its convenience in many cases. A moderately
ftl
o £
r-
I
0 r
>- Q.
0
o
ftof
Grade
Rise
Ft.
per
100
Ft.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
2L
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
Angle
A
0°35'
1° 9'
1°44'
2°18'
2-52'
3°27'
4° 1'
4°35'
5° 9'
5°43'
6°17'
6°51'
7°25'
7°59'
8°32'
9° 6'
9°39'
10°13'
10°46'
11°19'
•11 "52'
12°25'
12°58'
13°30'
14° 3'
14°35'
15° 7'
15°39'
16°11'
16°42'
17-14'
17°45'
18°16'
18°47'
19°18'
19°48'
20°19'
Sine
.0101
.0200
.0302
.0401
.0500
.0601
0700
0799
0897
.0996
.1094
.1192
.1290
.1388
.1483
.1581
.1676
.1773
.1868
.1962
.2056
.2150
.2243
.2334
.2427
.2517
.2607
.2697
.2787
.2873
.2962
.3048
.3134
.3219
.3305
.3387
.3472
FORCES
Cosine
.9999
.9997
.9995
.9991
.9987
.9981
.9975
9968
.9959
.9950
.9939
.9928
.9916
.9903
.9889
9874
.9858
.9841
.9823
.9805
.9786
9766
.9745
9723
.9700
.9677
9653
.9629
.9603
.9578
.9551
.9523
.9496
9467
.9438
.9408
.9377
Perpendicular
Pressure
on Plane
per Ton
of 2000
lbs.
1999.8
1999.4
1999 0
1998.2
1997.4
1996.2
1995.0
1993.6
19(11.8
1990 0
1987.8
1985.6
1983.2
1980.6
1977.8
1M74.8
1971.6
1968.2
1964.6
1961.0
1957.2
1953 2
1949.0
1944 6
1940 0
1935 4
1930.6
1925.8
1920 6
1915.6
1910.2
1904.6
1899.2
1893 4
1887.6
1881.6
1875.4
Stress
in
Rope
per Ton
•2000 lbs.
Friction
1/10
70
90
•no
130
150
170
189
206
228
248
267
287
307
326
345
365
384
403
422
441
461
473
497
614
533
551
669
587
605
622
639
656
673
690
708
724
741
ON
Stress
in
Rope
per Ton
2000 lbs.
Friction
1/32
82
102
122
142
162
182
202
221
241
261
280
300
319
338
357
377
396
415
434
453
472
491
509
527
540
563
580
599
617
630
650
660
686
703
721
737
754
NOTE.—Stresses and Pressures are in pounds.
curved road is such that would not require any
more than ordinary track or bell sheaves; for
sharper curves requiring 24" grooved sheaves the
values given in the column headed 1-25 are re­
liable in all cases of haulage roads likely to be
met with in coal mines.
INCLINED PLANES
Stress
in
Rope
per Ton
2000 lbs.
Friction
1/25
100
120
140
160
179
199
219
238
258
278
297
317
337
356
375
395
414
433
452
471
490
509
525
543
562
580
598
616
634
651
669
686
703
720
738
754
771
!

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
LOSSES SUSTAINED BY LABOR
UNIONS THROUGH STRIKES.
The following article, published in the Labor
World under the heading "Foolish Strikes," throws
some light on the attitude of conservative minds
in the labor field, on the strike question:
"An impressive lesson can be learned from the
recent quarterly report of the New York State
Labor Bureau. It states that recent strikes have
caused a fearful loss to many trade unions
throughout the state. In one instance, it points
out, that of the strike among the rapid transit
employes, unions embracing 45,000 men disrupted.
A long list of instances in other branches of industries
is given with losses aggregating a large
total, indeed, it is roughly estimated that these
strikes have resulted in a decrease of union membership
of nearly 20,000.
"Of course, every trade unionist will look upon
this statement with extreme regret and the more
so when it is reflected that not a member less
should have been recorded if the true teachings
and principles of trade unionism had been adhered
to.
"It is reverses and defeats of the kind in question
that should develop a safe and sound conservatism
among the rank and file of trade unionism.
For instance, let us take the case of the rapid
transit employes of New York who inaugurated a
strike in opposition to all the rules and regulations
of their union. They were misled by two or
three loud-mouthed and ignorant men whose
greatest ambition was to secure all the notoriety
possible. The national officials of the union involved
manfully denounced the strike and ordered
it discontinued at once. Some of the locals, and
big ones, had their charter withdrawn and were
thus forced out of the union for violation of rules.
"The great truth must at all times be forced
home to every union member, viz: that organization
is of no use without discipline. Union rules
must in every case be lived up to and the man
who deserts his union simply because he cannot
violate union rules with impunity is not worthy
the name of a union man.
"Scores of strikes are prompted by the most
foolish notions. Most of the foolish strikes are
miserable failures. So that it is extremely inconsistent
of all trade unionists to resolve to
strike except under the most absolute justification.
Many honest and justifiable strikes end in defeat
for the workers, but seldom is their union routed
in consequence. Discipline can effect an orderly
and compact retreat and when that is the case.
depend upon it, their fight leaves good and useful
impressions."
IOWA'S COAL PRODUCTION.
The biennial report of the Iowa mine inspectors
shows that the production of coal in the state has
increased from 6.214.379 in 1904 to 6,806,011 for
1905. The coal output of Polk county last year
was 1,094,521 tons compared with 966,172 the previous
year. Monroe county alone exceeded this
production in the state, its output for the year
being 2,117,127 tons. During the year there were
24 fatalities in the Iowa mines, which was a considerable
decrease of accidents, being only 1.4
deaths per 1.000 miners employed. The total
number of miners at work in Iowa for the year
was 17,624.
Inspector Sweeney, of the Third district, says
that the rate of wages now in effect is satisfactory
and good compared with wages in other industries.
"In fact." he says, "it is generally conceded
that our coal miners have a wage scale and
employment conditions that are suggestive of intelligent
conservatism in the management of their
organization and negotiations with the Iowa coal
operators. It is an evidence of intelligence and
honesty in the joint wage movement existing between
our coal operators and coal miners that
merits consideration."
BELGIUM FOREIGN COAL TRADE.
Exports of fuel from Belgium for the six months
ending June 30 were as follows, in metric tons:
1904. 1905. Changes.
Coal 2,302,290 2,183,535 D.118,755
Coke 438,422 512,260 I. 73,838
Briquettes 271,464 237,370 D. 34,094
Total 3,012,176 2,933,165 D. 79,011
These exports were chiefly to France and Ger­
many. The imports for the half year were as fol­
lows:
1904. 1905. Changes.
Coal 1,815,137 1.937,955 1.122,818
Coke 173,876 181,088 I. 7,212
Briquettes 22,576 26,554 I. 3,978
Total 2,011,589 2,145,597 1.134,008
The principal imports were from Germany.
The total imports of coal at the port of Genoa,
Italy, in 1904 amounted to 2,355,465 tons, as compared
with 2,403,970 tons in 1903 and 1,867,607
tons in 1894. At Savona, the imports of coal
last year were 773,040 tons; in the previous year
they were 799,577 tons, in 1894, 469,928 tons. The
imports of coal and coke at Spezia in 1904 were
254,695 tons, of which 245,000 tons came from
Great Britain.

THE LAKE COAL TRADE.
The following table shows the total receipts of
coal at lake ports for the first half of 1905:
Anthracite. Bituminous.
Ashland 12,269 94,462
Chicago 228,260 28,980
Detroit 4,450 6,410
Duluth 43,529 349,243
Escanaba 6,043 116,441
Gladstone 4,015 91,192
Green Bay 51,218 71,386
Han'k-Houghton 24,927 73,720
Kewaunee 2,249 19,778
Manistee 1,616
Manistique 6,647 38,286
Manitowoc 15,934 152,384
Marine City 1,486 12,024
Marquette 21,466 73,531
Menominee 2,148 8,851
Milwaukee 234.793 696,961
Muskegon 2,130
Ogdensburg 9,343 48,493
Portage 18,066
Port Huron 2,706 20,357
Racine 32,579 11,800
Sault Ste. Marie 9,659 37,174
Sheboygan 65,782 74,200
Superior-West S 128,895 384,799
Washburn 2,425 30,566
All other 105,643 347,586
Total 1,020,685 2,808,935
The tonnages officially reported under the heading
"All other" by the department include the following
receipts at important lake ports: Big Traverse
Bay, 3,300; Detour, 17,750; Depere, 1,813;
Dollar Bay, 15,000; Lake Linden, 46,494; Mt. Clemens,
2,070; Peshtigo, 2,885; Port Washington, 1,-
620; St. Clair, 4.444; St. Ignace, 2.657; Two Harbors,
38,489, bituminous. Depere, 1,435; Kenosha,
6,845; Lake Linden, 3,400; Marinette, 2,450;
Port Washington, 1,085; St. Ignace, 500; Waukegan,
23,760 tons, anthracite.
The shipments of coal at lake ports during the
half year were as follows:
Anthracite. Bituminous.
Ashtabula 648,853
Buffalo 883,796 117,417
Chicago 675 39,480
Cleveland 2,056 607.789
Conneaut 148,302
Detroit 18,895
Duluth 40 3,615
Erie 109,144 144,491
Fairport 50,316
Frankfort 20 103,585
Grand Haven 12,839 15,729
Green Bay 2,600 410
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
Huron 112,168
Lorain 318,083
Ludington 18,957 1S3.117
Manistee 4,419
Milwaukee 473 9,381
Oswego 36,035 677
Sandusky 250 215,547
Sault Ste. Marie i;,916
Toledo 12,505 670,365
All other ; 2,945 95,570
Total 1,082,335 3,531,665
Includes 592,327 tons loaded for coastwise vessels'
fuel consumption.
JULY OUTPUT OF ANTHRACITE.
The anthracite coal production in July was 4,-
546,742 tons, or a total at least 200,000 tons greater
than that expected. The July production this
year was only 76.484 less than the output in July,
1904, but was lower than the same period of 1903
by 812,752 tons. The output for the seven months
of the year to date is 35,263,740 tons, against an
output last year in the same period of 33,880,434
tons, or a gain of 1.383,306 tons.
The state of the coal trade last month was such
that the stoppage of the mines in point of time
was equal to 25 per cent. Then again restriction
was necessary as the supply of small sizes was
largely in excess of the demand and the supply of
prepared sizes was equal to any demand that
might be made. The August output is expected
to show a further falling off and efforts have been
made to curtail the output of steam sizes. The
following table gives the anthracite output by
months for a series of years:
1905. 1904. 1903.
January 4,408,578 4,134,245 5,964,950
February 3,922,601 4.326.269 5.07U.608
March 5.258,537 4.375.033 5,211,450
April 5,278,401 5,407,786 5,044,998
May 6,005.158 5,285,079 5,156,449
June 5,844,052 5,728,795 5,436.477
July 4,546,743 4.623,527 5,377.495
August 4,331,854 5,169,402
September 3,967,600 4,654,444
October 5,131,542 3,925,642
November 5,419,878 4,091,147
December 5,063.144 4,259,748
57,492,522 59,362,830
Mr. Christian Echard, of Ruffsdale, Pa., has been
elected general manager of the High House Coal
& Coke Co., which will erect 150 ovens in German
township. Fayette county. Pa.

5 2 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
DEEP MINING IN BELGIUM.
John Gerrard, H. M. inspector of mine-, in testimony
before the Royal Commission on Coal Supplies,
gave the following account (Col'iery Guardian.
June 16, 1905) of the produits Colliery Flenu,
Mons, Belgium (No. IS pit, Sainte Henriette).
Downcast and drawing shaft, 3,733 feet deep.
from which depth coal is drawn in one lift. The
shaft is elliptical in form. 10 feet by 8 feet 2 inches.
Upcast shaft is round, from surface to 1,968 feet
it is 9 feet 10 inches diameter, the remainder 9
feet in diameter. The seam is called No. 6. and
the section is: Coal. 1 foot 3.74 inches; schist,
7 inches; coal, 1 foot 1.77 inches. Total. 3 feet
0.51 inches (total coal 2 feet 5.51 inches). Inclination,
20 to 25 degrees, 1 in 2.74 to 1 in 2.14. Thirty-three
persons are employed in coal getting, in
day shift only; they work at the face 9 hours, and
get 4% tons per man. or 130 tons per day total
product. A total number of 107 persons is employed
in the day shift, and 113 persons in the
night shift.
The highest temperature (104 degrees F.) was
obtained in the return airway. This contained
3S per cent, humidity. In the last of the working
places tiie temperature was 103 degrees F., and
the percentage of humidity was 43. Traveling
against the air toward the intake, the temperature
lowered gradually.
The rock temperature at 3.773 feet depth was
113 degrees F., and 63.000 cubic feet of air per
minute passed through the mine. Mechanical
ventilator, Rateau fan, 9.18 feet diameter, 55 r. p.
m.; water gauge, 3>i. inches. All the currents
were brisk, the air traveling through the working
places at a velocity of 6 to 9 feet per second.
Water is taken into the mine for the men to drink
in barrels holding 6 1 i> gallons. The men drink
from ij to :; i gal.: in addition, most of the men
take a bottle of tea or coffee.
The winding engines have a pair of high-pressure
cylinders, 43 inches diameter, stroke 6 feet
6 inches, steam pressure 88 pounds. The ropes
are Manila aloe, flat, tapered; at the drum end
15y> inches wide by 1.96 inches thick, at cage
end 8.8 inches wide by 1.14 inches thick. The
total weight of 4,101 feet, inclusive of rope on
drum, is 14 tons; the weight from the pulley about
12'M tons. The cages are four-decked, one tub
The plant of the Scranton Steam Pump Co., recently
damaged by fire, will be rebuilt.
RECENT COAL TRADE PATENTS.
The following recently granted patents of in­
terest to the coal trade, are reported expressly for
THE COAL THAIIE BULLETIN by J. M. Nesbit. patent
attorney, Park building, Pittsburgh, Pa., from
whom printed copies may be procured for 15 cents
each:
Car-handling device, J. V. Schaefer, Chicago, assignor
to the Link-Belt Machinery Co., same place;
797,610.
Core drill, W. S. Smith, Bigrun, Pa.; 797,622.
Coke oven, Franz Pallenberg and F. W. Sandmann.
Dortmund, Germany; 797,703.
Coking furnace, Gustav Wolters, Dortmund, Germany;
798,086.
Mining machine, E. R. Merrill, Columbus, Ohio,
assignor to J. A. Jeffrey, same place; 798,108.
Same, assignor to same, 798,201.
Coal separating machine, W. S. Ayres, Hazleton,
Pa.; 798,315.
Coal screen and slater, Francois Allard, Chatelineau,
Belgium; 798,381.
Coal separating machine, W. S. Ayres, Hazleton,
Pa.; 798,385.
Reel for mine locomotives. Harris Booker, California,
Pa.; 798,389.
Blasting compound, Gustav Dittmar, Washington,
D. G; 798.398.
Mine door. L. L. Logan, Johnstown, Pa.; 798.518.
Coal separator, James Pollock, Wilkes-Barre,
Pa.; 798,622.
Mine gate, N. K. Bowman, North Lawrence, O.;
798,657.
Blasting powder. W. A. Gill. Tarrytown. N. Y.,
assignor to Rendrock Powder Co., New York; 798,-
7S0.
Coal storing and screening apparatus, L. 11.
Hewitt, Cortland, N. Y.; 798,791.
in each deck. Weight of cage 1\'2 tons of 2,240
lbs.; of four empty tubs 15% cwt.: weight of coal
in the four tubs 1.41 tons. Time taken in actual
winding is 2 minutes, or inclusive of changing
tubs 2 : The deepest coal shaft in America is about
1,850 feet. In England one mine is 3,400 feet
deep and there are a number over 2,400
feet. In Belgium the greatest depth attained is
at the Produits colliery, where the shaft is 3,773
feet deep. The experience gained at these depths
proves the possibility of working down to 4,000
feet, and under some conditions of approaching
5,000 feet. Temperature is one of the chief difficulties
in such mining, but hoisting problems will
also arise. The Belgian mine is the deepest in
;i minutes. The guides in the shaft are
the world from which coal is being hoisted.
iron rails.
For the past seven years the average annual increase
in the number of new mines in West Virginia
has been nearly 63.

REMBRANDT PEALE, PRESIDENT.
<

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
©16 Colon? Coal & Coke G,o.
Ikeptone BuilMng, pittsburgb, IPa.
lipiier gteam Coal
finounOeviUc (5ae Coal
ConndlSvilk Cofee.
^fM(>

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
J. L. SPANGLER, JOS. H. REILLY, JOS. B. CAMPBELL, UX
PRESIDENT. v. PREST. !, TREAS. SECRETARY.
Duncan=Spangler Coal Company,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
"BLUBAKER" and "DELTA"
BITUMINOUS COAL,
AN A-NO. 1 ROLLING MILL COAL.
FIRST-CLASS FOR STEAM USES.
s- OFFICES : ,
1414 SO. PENN SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA. No. 1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK
in SPANGLER, CAMBRIA COUNTY, PA.
f< 9(
fV5 tA
ACME COAL MINING CO
GREENSBURG, PA.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
CELEBRATED
ACME AND AYOIVDALE
HIGH GRADE
STEAM COALS.
MINES, RIMERSBURG AND SHANNON STATION, PA.
SEIGO BRANCH 15, & A. V. DIVISION OF P. K. K.
SALES AGENT:
H. J. HUNTSINGER, P S883SSS 1, BUFFALO, N. Y.

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
i
Atlantic Crushed Coke Co.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
LATROBE STEAM COAL
IENERAL L/FFICES :
CONNELLSVILLE
FURNACE
FOUNDRY
CRUSHED
COKE.
- GREENSBURG, PA.
LIQONIER COAL COMPANY,
LATROBE, PA.
| H ICH Q RaDE ,S TEaM QnL \
! CONNELLSVILLE S0KE. !
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000aaa0000000000
United Coal Company
*• of Pittsbur£h-Pteima *
MINES ON MONONGAHELA RIVER, SECOND POOL; PITTSBURGH &. LAKE ERIE
RAILROAD; BALTIMORE & OHIO RAILROAD AND PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD.
BanR For Savings Building,
General Offices:
New York Office . PITTSBURGH, PA. Philadelphia Office :
Whitehall Building. Pennsylvania Building.
Westmoreland Gas Coal
Youghiogheny Gas &SteamCoal

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
MiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiniiiimiiiniiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiii'iiiiiiiimmiiii
| QEORQE 1. WHITNEY. PRESIDENT. A. C. KNOX. TREASURER. 3
HOSTETTER CONNELLSVILLE COKE COMPANY
HIGHEST GRADE
CONNELLSVILLE COKE
FURNACE AND FOUNDRY ORDERS SOLICITED.
FricK Building',
= BELL TELEPHONE. 696 COURT. "^»^~—- PA T ASl$ \J IS. Ci il, "A., \
\\\\i\i\\\\m\m\\immm
APPOLLO COAL CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
APOLLO HIGH GRADE STEAM COAL
AND
JOHNSTOWN MILLER VEIN
GENERAL OFFICES COAL. GREENSBURG, PA.
1. P. MURPHY, President. W. L. DIXON, Vice-President and General Manager. JAS. J. FLANNERY, Treasurer.
MEADOW LANDS COAL GO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
PITTSBURGH COAL.
Mines at Meadow Lands,
On the Panhandle Railway.
DAILY CAPACITY 1,000 TONS.
GENERAL OFFICES:
Farmers Bank Bldg., 5th Ave. & Wood St.,
PITTSBURGH. PA.
57

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
EMPIRE COAL MINING CO.
BELLAIRE, OHIO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
Famous Empire No. 8 Coal,
CAPACITY 3,000 TONS DAILY.
MINES LOCATED ON
C. & P. R. R., B. & O. R. R. AND OHIO RIVER.
COMMUNICATIONS SHOULD BE SENT TO J. H. SANFORD, MANAGER, BELLAIRE, OHIO.
J « L
Greenwich Coal & Coke Co.,
Mines: CAMBRU AND INDIANA COUNTIES.
Miners and Shippers of
"Greenwich"
Bituminous Coal.
Celebrated for
STEAM AND BI-PRODUCT PURPOSES.
GENERAL OFFICE :
Latrobe, Penna.
c

GOAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Vol. XIII. PITTSBURGH, PA., OCTOBER 2, 1005. No. 9.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN:
PUBLISHED TWICE A MONTH.
Copyrighted by THE COAL TRADE COMPANY, 1905.
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STRAUB, Managing Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION, - - - - $2.00 A YEAR.
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coai production are invited.
Ail communications and remittances to
THK COAL TKADE COMPANY.
926-930 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh, Pa., as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
ANTHRACITE TONNAGE REPORTS SHOW that the out­ years would have been a maximum. There has
put to September 1 was 42,431,849 tons in 1903. been a demand for their coal, and they have mined
It was 38.212,588 tons in 1904, and 40,304,835 tons an enormous quantity of it. so that the period from
in 1905. The tonnage is keeping pace with the the resumption of work in the mines down to the
requirements of the market, and it is a feature present time has been the most profitable that the
of especial value in this that the coal as mined operators ever enjoyed.
goes into the yards of dealers and the cellars of
It should not be forgotten that there were many
consumers. The tonnage for the next four
years when demand for anthracite fell short of
months will surely equal that of recent years for
supply; that prices were low in the market and
a similar period, and expert estimates of the
for coal company shares as well; that for twenty-
yearly growth and this year's total will be found
eight years Reading shareholders did not get a
to be correct. There is no change in prices at dividend. How long did Lehigh Valley owners
all likely to be made between now and next April, go without? The advance in the price of these
not by the large producing interests at least, in and other anthracite shares accompanied a re­
spite of all that has been said; in the event of organization of the methods of conducting the
any strike the price will be kept at the circular. anthracite trade. The companies got together in
as it was in 1902. One does not need to pay much 1896, and, instead of cutting each other's and their
attention to the reports of big stocks on hand held own throats, have conducted their business on
by the corporations, for they have not had the well-understood and approved principles. The
opportunity of making any great accumulation. president's commission gave the miners much.
There has been a considerable tonnage of the Whatever modifications are proposed should be
steam sizes stored as a preparation against idle­ carefully weighed before the arrangement is dis­
ness, and to avoid putting too much tonnage on
an unwilling market, and that has been a very
wise movement in every way, for with business
activity it would be folly to be unable to attend
to the needs of the customers for anthracite
steam sizes.
The commission appointed by President Roose­
velt fixed a base price, below' which coal has not
been sold; this meant a steadiness to prices over
what had previously ruled and at the same time
gave the men an increase in wages for every
advance above this basis price—which is low for
one month in the year only. The operators them­
selves have reason to lie glad over the result of
the last strike. Since then they have main­
tained a level of prices for their product, adopting
as a minimum a price that in some of the earlier
rupted.

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
THE HON. GEORGE F. HUFF, president of the Key­ Even if it should be or such a depth the element
stone Coal & Coke Co., one of the most important of time from the lake to the Pittsburgh region
of Pennsylvania's fuel producing interests, is being and return would be a highly important item in
importuned by representative bodies of his con­ the cost of transportation. If the canal were in
stituents to announce himself for the Republican existence bulk would be broken at the lake shore
nomination for the gubernatorial office. The com­ as now by the big vessels and then it would be a
mercial interests of the commonwealth would be question between quick rail and slower canal
well served by a man of Colonel Huff's business traffic. The element of time will be of some
breadth and experience as its governor. It is to importance. If it is intended, however, to
be hoped that he will decide to avow his candi­ operate on lake and canal a class of boats that
dacy in good time. Whilst Colonel Huff is un­ will not need to break bulk at the lake harbor,
questionably an ideal business man's candidate, but continue on to the interior, then it might
it is a most substantial tribute attesting to his become a question of competition with the smaller
popularity and prestige that the first suggestion freighters of the immense freighters and the
on the matter should have come from the labor railroads combined. There are considerations
interests. The miners, meeting at Greensburg. growing out of these suggestions wnich will be
have called for his candidacy. Farmers of West­ weighed well by investigating capitalists. There
ern Pennsylvania have supplemented and empha­ is no question of the canal putting the railroads
sized this demand. His business integrity and out of business; that is an impossibility, for the
success and high standing as a statesman point to canal would not be able to handle ail me traffic
Colonel Huff as the thoroughly fit man. His popu­ nandled by the railroads. A canal would suplarity
further strengthens him as the people's plement them and be a rate regulator perhaps;
candidate as well as the Republican party's. Care­ but the question for the investor would be
ful consideration of the man and all circumstances
bring conviction that the Republican party should
find it expedient to nominate him, not only be­
cause his election would be an easy accomplish­
ment, but because his administration would of
necessity be to the entire satisfaction of all in­ restrain it from mining coal under the Mononga­
terests and all the people.
* * *
CARGOES OE THE LAKE STEAMERS bear on the
attractiveness of the proposed Lake Erie and
Ohio River ship canal as an investment for capi­
tal. The carrying capacity of the lake vessels
increases from year to year. In 1901 the record
cargo of iron ore was 7,378 tons. Last year the
steamer Augustus B. Wolvin carried a cargo of
10,245. gross tons. This year the steamer El­
bert H. Gary, whicli went into commission on
May 29, has carried 10 larger cargoes, the largest
being of 12,338 gross tons, from Escanaba to
South Chicago. The George W. Perkins which
went into commission July 11, has delivered seven
cargoes of more than 10,000 gross tons each. The
Gary with her record cargo had a draft of 22
feet. It is not intended that the Lake Erie-Ohio
ship canal shall accommodate any such vessels.
whether it would pay dividends.
* * *
INTERESTING TEST LITIGATION is brought forward
by a suit that the federal government has insti­
tuted against the Bessemer Coal & Coke Co. to
hela river, near Pittsburgh. The question, which
is engrossing from the legal standpoint, means
T"
a great deal of money to coal mine owners in
Western Pennsylvania, and is equally pertinent
to other states where coal exists under navigable
waters.
ADDING TO LAKE DOCK FACILITIES.
The Pittsburgh Coal Co. commenced work on a
$100,000 dock at Point-Aux-Frenes, near Sault Ste.
Marie. Mich., September 24. It will be over 1,000
feet long, having a capacity of 40,000 tons, and
will supply coal to the boats of Pittsburgh steamship
line, controlled by the United States Steel
Corporation. This will enable the Pittsburgh
Coal Co. to better meet requisitions of supplies for
the steel corporation freighters on the lakes under
its contract to supply the mills, railroads and
vessels. Some of this business has been diverted
to others. The new facilities will also broaden
other lake markets of the Pittsburgh company.

THE ALABAMA STRIKE SITUATION.
The Alabama strike has been going on since
July 1, 1904, and has involved tremendous expenditures
and losses to both sides. T. L. Lewis, vicepresident
of the United Mine Workers, explains
the situation as follows:
"Two years ago an arbitration board, after a
thorough investigation of mining conditions,
awarded to the mine workers of Alabama: An
advance in wages, a semi-monthly pay-day, a ninehour
day and a rule to prohibit boys under fourteen
years of age from working in the mines.
When the furnace operators of Alabama met the
miners' representatives in joint convention in
June, 1904, it was evident that those operators
were determined to repudiate the award of the arbitration
board. The operators insisted on a
sweeping reduction in wages, a monthly pay-day,
a ten-hour day, and what they term, the 'open
shop' rule.
"These were the questions at issue that brought
on the strike now in existence at the Furnace
mines of Alabama. Men have been evicted from
their homes. Many men have been imported into
Alabama to take the places of those who are idle.
Injunctions have been issued against those on
strike. Thousands of dollars have been spent by
the United Mine Workers to assist the strikers.
Tens of thousands of dollars have been spent by
the operators to defeat their employes and whip
them into submission. The struggle goes on.
The miners of Alabama have made and are conducting
a magnificent struggle against tremendous
odds. The contest is in its second year, with no
immediate prospects of a settlement.
"The commercial operators of Alabama are
operating their mines under the conditions of the
award of the arbitration board rendered in 1903.
Why not the furnace operators do likewise? There
is in this country an organization known as the
National Civic Federation. One of its objects is
to bring employers of labor and employes together
to settle their differences. The Alabama mines
involved in the present struggle in that state are
owned by the U. S. Steel Corporation. Some men
closely associated with the U. S. Steel Corporation
are avowed advocates of the object of tne National
Civic Federation. There is a splendid opportunity
for the National Civic Federation to accomplish
tangible results in Alabama."
The Fairmont Coal Co., Fairmont, W. Va., has
secured a government contract to supply 50,000
tons of coal for the locomotives and other engines
used in the construction of the Panama railroad
and canal. The contract is to ue filled in six
months.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
ATTORNEY GENERAL DENIES THAT
UNION SUPPLY CO. RESTRAINS TRADE.
Attorney General Hampton L. Carson of Pennsylvania
has rendered an opinion denying a writ
of quo warranto against the H. C. Frick Coke Co.,
which is alleged to have been conducting a number
of company stores in the bituminous coal
regions in Southwestern Pennsylvania. The application
was filed with the attorney general by
two storekeepers in Fayette county last spring,
and has since been pending. The attorney general
says:
It is clear that nothing but a plain prima facie
case, based upon evidence, which, in the judgment
of the attorney general, could be reasonably submitted
to a court, would justify such drastic proceedings.
I have examined with care the evidence
submitted, and in my judgment there is
insufficient testimony to support the allegations
that the H. C. Frick Coke Co., or that the men
who own and operate the H. C. Frick Coke Co.,
are interested in, own and operate the Union
Supply Co., which is a corporation for the purpose
of conducting a general merchandise business,
and which does operate stores. Nor is
there, in my judgment, evidence that the employes
of the H. C. Frick Coke Co. are compelled
to patronize the said Union Supply Co., or that
the employes of the H. C. Frick Coke Co. are unlawfully
coerced to patronize the stores of said
Union Supply Co. It is insufficient to rest a
case on mere inferences from acts capable of
other interpretations and which are met by positive
denial.
There must be substantial and positive testimony
in support of each averment in order to
justify an interference. The discretion of the
attorney general must be exercised upon his own
sense of official responsibility, and cannot be commanded
as a pro forma matter upon the application
merely of citizens. In the case of Cheetham
et al. vs. McCormick, 178 P. S., 187, which defines
the powers of the attorney general in somewhat
similar proceeding under the act of May
7, 1887 (P. L. 94). it was held by the supreme
court that the attorney general had a right to
exercise a discretion in the matter and was not
a mere automaton. Besides this the remedy
sought in this application is to redress individual
and public wrongs, for which there would
appear to be adequate remedy. There is no interest
of the commonwealth involved. For these
reasons the application is refused.
The J. R. Crowe Coal Co., of Pittsburg, Kas.,
has purchased a tract of 115 acres of coal land at
Coalvale, Kas., from the B. S. Abbott Coal Co.

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
PURCHASE OF WELSH COAL PROPERTY,
SUPPOSEDLY IN THE INTEREST OF
GERMANY, EXERCISES BRITISH GOV­
ERNMENT.
The statement that the Whitworth estate, near
Neath. South Wales, covering 6,000 acres, had
been sold by the owner to a German syndicate has
created a stir throughout Great Britain, and even
the government is very uneasy over the matter.
writes John L. Bevan from Cardiff. Wales. The
property has been sold nominally to an agent of
the De Freitas Shipping Co., but as some of Emperor
William's expert engineers were recently in
South Wales there is reason to think that the
German government is not uninterested in the purchase.
The fear that the German authorities are behind
the contract, and that the coal land was
bought with the sole view of supplying the Teuton's
navy steamships—these are the reasons that
give so much concern to the British people, especially
the British government. The price paid for
the 6,000 acres is $1,000,000. The estate was
offered, a little while ago, to the British government
for $300,000, but the offer was refused, and
to-day they are very sorry over this thoughtless
neglect. Soon following the news of the sale of
this valuable coal field another extraordinary
statement was made to the effect that the British
government contemplated legislation which would
tend to prohibit the export of Welsh steam coal.
The proposition seemed incredible, but later intelligence
gives reason for believing that, although
such procedure might be impracticable find commercially
suicidal, locally and nationally, there
is nevertheless good ground for the belief that
such panic legislation will be brought forward.
But it is utterly impossible to prevent foreign
navies from securing this coal and keeping large
stocks of it, unless the exportation of it be almoet
entirely prohibited. No restrictive tax will do
it. Considerations greater and more far reaching
than politics and war scares control the distribution
of coal once on the market, and it seems
that no meddling and experimenting with the laws
of supply and demand or imposing a tax. which
will still further cripple South Wales, can aid
the government.
The proposal is patriotic on the surface, but it
is utterly impossible of success as soon as it is
viewed from the commercial standpoint. If the
government will interfere what would be the
effect on the steam coal district? The collieries
would be set idle, the railways would lose their
traffic, the docks would be practically at a standstill,
ship owners would have their vessels laid
up and there would be an utter derangement of
industry affecting millions of capital and hun­
dreds of thousands of persons.
Legal prohibition, such as is proposed, would
be a serious blow, especially at this time of peculiar
national stress when it would be important
that every possible precaution should be taken
to prevent any interference with the earning
power of the country, which is already greatly
hampered by the war in the East. The common
opinion is that the proposal is amazingly impracticable^—to
attempt its enforcement would
not aid the British navy one iota, nor hinder a
possible enemy of Great Britain, but it would be
immediately ruinous to South Wales. Mr. Balfour,
the prime minister, stated lately that a commission
shall be appointed to make a thorough
investigation, so as to be able to counsel the government
what step to take in the matter. The
protectionists. Mr. Chamberlain's party, point out,
with some sarcasm, that what the government
should do is to legislate against the importation
of German manufactures, and not against German
capital, which would be of great value to the industries
and workmen of the country.
SANTE FE MAKES REDUCTIONS
IN COAL FREIGHT RATES.
Tiie Santa Fe railroad has filed as tariff some
new coal rates covering Kansas and involving
material reductions. It reduces lates from both
the Pittsburg and Osage districts, and restores the
old differential between those two districts. This
will remove the cause of complaint recently made
by the Osage district operators. They claimed
to have been almost put out of business by discriminations
in favor of the Pittsburg field. The
old differential, which is now restored, is the one
under which they operated when they were doing
their biggest business and prospering amazingly.
This schedule of rates systematizes the whole
matter of coal rates in Kansas, reducing them in
about ninety cases of every one hundred. An instance
typical of the amount of the reductions is
found in the case of Topeka, to which the rate
on lump coal from Frontenac has been $1.12 per
ton. The new schedule reduced this to 90 cents
or 22 cents per ton.
Papers have been filed in the United States
court at Des Moines, la., in which J. S. Wylie.
president of the Marquette Third Vein Coal Co.,
and one of the leading coal merchants of Eastern
Iowa, goes into bankruptcy. Mr. Wylie schedules
assets of $100,000 and liabilities of $331,209.09.
He was a partner of C. J. Devlin, of Topeka, Kas.,
and his failure is caused by that of Devlin. Most
of the liabilities consist of accommodation uaper
and notes which he was on with Devlin.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
MINERS AND FARMERS ENDORSE THE HON. GEORGE F.
FOR GOVERNOR OF PENNSYLVANIA.
HUFF
Without waiting for announcement from Con- Society, expressed with fitting enthusiasm engressman
George F. Huff of Greensburg, that he couragement of such a candidacy. The latter
might or would be a candidate for the guberna- declare that if Colonel Huff does not act on their
torial chair of Pennsylvania, the representatives appeal to become a candidate that they will call
of 8,000 miners of his home constituency at a upon the farmers at large throughout Pennsyl-
recent meeting passed resolutions urging such candidacy
and tendering a broad endorsement of the
man. Subsequently the farmers of Colonel Huff's
section, at a meeting presided over by Frank D.
Barnhart, president of the Western Agricultural
THE HON GEORGE FRANKLIN HUFF,
vania to unite in demanding his nomination. The
reported declaration of Justice John P. Elkin of
the Supreme court of Pennsylvania, that he will
not be a candidate, greatly encourages Colonel
Huff's friends in urging that he permit the use

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
of his name for the governorship. The resolu­
tions of the miners and farmers follow:
WHEREAS, tho Honorable George F. Huff has endeared
himself to all sections of the state by his independence and
ability in congress, and,
WHEREAS, in Ihe fields of labor he has built up an indus
try and business in this end ot the state that employs
something like eight thousand men, and by his fairness of
treatment and remuneration in wages has made happy the
homes of all employed bv him.
We now take great pleasure in presenting his name as a
candidate for Governor ol the State of Pennsylvania It
is a great industrial state and it needs one of the great industrial
leaders to husband and develop it9 resources In
Colonel Huff it will find such a chief and we feel confident
that in his hands its welfare would be assured.
Adopted unanimously by Employes Outing Association
ot Keystone. Coal & Coke Co. of Westmoreland county, I'a.,
September 9th, 1905.
(Signed) JOHN J KATLOR,
Secretary.
S. R. KUFF.
C U. ElSAMAN.
George Franklin Huff was born at Norristown,
Pa., July 16. 1842; received his education in the
public schools at Middletown and later at Altoona.
where, after learning a trade in the car shops of
the Pennsylvania Railroad Co.. at an early age he
entered the banking house of William M. Lloyd
& Co. In 1867 he removed to Westmoreland
county to engage in the banking business. He
was married in 1871 to Henrietta, daughter of
the late Judge Jeremiah M. Burrell of Pennsylvania,
afterwards United States district judge
and chief justice of Kansas by appointment of
President Franklin Pierce; he was a member of
the national Republican convention in 1880, where
he was one of the "306" who followed the lead of
Roscoe Conkling in the ever-memorable effort to
nominate Gen. U. S. Grant for the presidency.
Mr. Huff is president of the Keystone Coal & Coke
Co., one of the largest producers of gas and steam
coal in the United States; is largely engaged in
many other business industries in various parts
of Pennsylvania, together with the banking business
in Greensburg, in which he has been constantly
engaged since his youth; is president of
the Westmoreland Hospital Association. He was
elected to the Pennsylvania senate in 1884 and
represented the Thirty-ninth senatorial district
four years; was elected to the Fifty-second Con­
gress from the Twenty-nrst district, then com­
posed of the countries o. Westmoreland. Indiana,
Armstrong and Jefferson; was elected congress-
man-at-large from Pennsylvania to the Fifty-fourth
Congress; was elected to the Fifty-eighth Con­
gress, receiving 18,827 votes, to 13,014 for Charles
M. Heinman, democrat and 778 for James S. Wood-
burn, prohibitionist.
PENNSYLVANIA R. R. BRANCH LINE
WILL OPEN LARGE COAL AREA.
Work has been started by the Pennsylvania
Railroad Co. on an extension of its Monongahela
division, which will develop a rich coal region
heretofore destitute of transportation facilities
W. H. STAPLETON, except where Monongahela river frontage could be
President. had. This extension will take the division from
JAMES DUNCAN.
its present terminus at West Brownsville to a
The farmers of Westmoreland county In convention as­
point near Rice's Landing, and the 12 miles of
sembled at Greensburg, Pennsylvania, this 14th day of
September, 1905, desiring to express their approbation of this line have been placed under contract. The
the announcement of the name of tne Hon. George V Huff work is to be completed in time for the opening
lor Governor of the State ot Pennsylvania respecttully
resolve:
First—That no other man so aptly appeals to the consid­
of the line next spring. Then there will be continued
a development which will give tiie Penneration
of the tanner. He is a wide real estate owner and sylvania a loop through that corner of washing-
personally conducts one ot the best farms in Westmoreland
county. When this county was hopelessly democratic, bis
popularity, notwithstanding his known republican convictions,
in 1NS4 won him a seat in the state senate and while
ton county back to its Ellsworth branch. The
loop w... start at Millsboro and run via Clarksville,
three miles, to Zollersville, four miles, and
there every legislative action looking to the benefit of to Bentleysville. seven miles, tapping the Ells­
agriculture met his endorsement and support; that since
h7s election to congress he has pursued the same course and
policy, so that we know him and can trust him. Resolved,
worth branch.
Throughout this district there are rich coal
Second—That we appeal direct to him to allow his name properties. At the river the coal outcrops all
to be used as a candidate tor said office, and if he will
not consent, then to the farmers at large throughout the
state to unite in demanding his nomination.
the way from West Brownsville to Millsboro, and
in that section the Jones & Laughlin Steel Co.
(Sigucd) FRANK I). BARNHART, owns 18.000 acres, witn two river frontages, which
Prest. West. Agri. Society. will now have railroad facilities as well. The
Jos. JAMISON.
Carrie Furnace Co., now identified with the new
Midland Steel Co., owns 1.000 acres, which will
be used for its furnaces with coke ovens at Cook's
Ferry, Beaver county. Isaac F. Piersall has
about a half mile of river frontage and the Clyde
Coal Co. approximately 900 acres. The Pitts­
burgh-Buffalo Co. owns about 15,000 acres north
and west of Zollersville. Ewing & Long of
Uniontown have about 2,500 acres back of the
Clyde Coal Co.'s holdings, and F. M. Osborne and
others have a 3.000-acre tract between Clarksville
and Zollersville. In addition to the holdings
enumerated, there are the immense holdings of
J. V. Thompson aud dis associates of Uniontown.
Pa., in Greene county, but a few miles away.
That these large tracts will be opened within the
next two years by railroad extensions is considered
certain.
The Enterprise Coal Co., of Denver, Col., has
increased its capital stock to $100,000.

TOLEDO, OHIO, ONE OF THE LARGEST COAL
SHIPPING CENTERS ON THE GREAT
LAKES—SHIPS OVER 4,000,000 TONS ON
THE LAKES ANNUALLY.
Special Correspondence.
Toledo is one of the leading coal ports on the
great lakes and in this respect is ahead of many
ocean ports. This city's location with reference
to the Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia
mines has made it one of the most important coal
shipping points in the middle west and the headquarters
of several prominent jobbers, a number
of whom are mentioned in this article. The marine
and railway records make Toledo's position
as a coal port very clearly known. President J.
M. Ferris of the Ohio Central lines says that his
company hauled to Toledo and shipped north by
lake 1,057,000 tons of coal last season. Mr. Ferris
estimates that the Hocking Valley hauled 1,500,000
tons, and other railway officials estimate the C,
H. & D. and the Wheeling shipments to be 500,000
tons, making a grand total of 3,057,000 tons.
The custom house coal records are incomplete
and not worth consideration. Half a thousand
vessels leave port in a season with coal cargoes,
of which the local office has no record. The reason
for this is that vessels clear from Buffalo.
Erie and other eastern ports through to the
northern port of destination, uuluth or some
other town, and stop off here en route for cargo.
in these cases a report to the custom house is not
necessary. Last season 2,286 vessels left Toledo
harbor carrying among other things 3,057,000 tons
of coal. The records of the coal carrying railways
produce the tonnage shown by the foregoing
figures, but the conservative opinion of local coal
and ore dock officials is that the grand total of
outgoing lake coal is 4.000.000 tons. The railway
presidents who haul the freight to the local
docks give these figures and they are in a position
to know.
There is also a large quantity of coal shipped
from Toledo by rail—that is, it is transferred
here from coal carrying roads to northern rail
lines. To illustrate: Frankfort. Mich., shipped
across Lake Michigan last year 188,731 tons of
coal. All of this freight was turned over to the
Ann Arbor railway at Toledo. Toledo ships 6,-
700,000 tons of coal in a year, and is ahead of
Boston, New Orleans and other ocean ports.
Toledo is claimed to lead all Lake Erie ports in
coal shipments, the record for 1904 being: Ashtabula,
1,912,650 tons; Cleveland, 2,459,505; Buffalo,
3,501,916; Lorain, 983,384; Detroit. 63.420; Toledo,
4,000,000. i
The coal carrying roads of Toledo are the Ohio
Central, Hocking Valley. Pennsylvania. Wheeling
& Lake Erie, C, H. & D. and the Detroit, Toledo
& Ironton. These six lines tap the rich coal
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
fields, both bituminous and anthracite of Ohio,
Pennsylvania and West Virginia. A new field
promised is that of Michigan, which is reached
by the Pere Marquette, and the Clover Leaf is
developing the Indiana and Illinois mines. Most
of the developed dock front of Toledo harbor is
occupied by the coal and ore docks of the railways
aforementioned. These lines haul the coal
to Toledo from the mines and have a return haul
of iron ore. The docks are equipped with the
most modern loading and unloading machinery
and the largest lake ships are handled here with
promptness.
A notable feature of Toledo's position as a coal
shipping port is the advantages accruing therefrom
to manufacturers. The plentiful supply of
coal offers a cheap fuel to the large industrial
enterprises. The coal shipped here is of the very
highest grade and the Toledo dealers are among
the most prominent firms in the business in this
country. The Solon Coal Company is an incorporated
company growing out of the business
started by John T. Solon in August, 1904. Mr.
Solon, after leaving school, started in to learn the
railroad business, but after holding down all the
desks in the local office left railroading and took
up the coal business with the Columbus & Hocking
Coal & Iron Co., then the largest bituminous coal
producing company in the middle west. After
nine years as salesman for this interest and
others, he went into business for himself. In
1900, still maintaining his business here, he went
to West Virginia and built a large coal plant at
Shinston, on the Monongah division of the Baltimore
& Ohio railroad, right in the heart of the
Fairmont district. About the time it was completed
and running, the Fairmont Coal Co. bought
it. The next year Mr. Solon opened one of the
largest mines in West Virginia at Wolf Summit,
also in the Fairmont field. This one was sold
last year to Chicago parties. He is now interested
in two West Virginia mining companies, and
one Ohio plant. The Toledo Coal & Clay Co. are
miners and shippers of Birds Run Coshocton coal.
Their mines are equipped with the latest improved
electric machinery and have a capacity of 1,000
tons per day. Located on the C. & M. division of
the Pennsylvania railroad gives them prompt delivery
to Toledo, as well as to western and northern
points. This company has operated these
mines for the past two years, during which time
it has established an elegant reputation on their
coal, which has given unusual satisfaction as a
steam coal, being free from slate, does not clinker
and makes a small amount of ash. They also
ship a large amount of this coal for domestic use.
W. P. Hubbs, one of the leading and successful
wholesale coal dealers of Toledo, with offices in
the Spitzer building, has been for many years in

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
business in his line. He was also for several
years identified with well known coal companies
as sales agent throuhout Ohio. Indiana and Michigan,
and has had a wide and valuable experience
in the coal trade.
About three years ago. Mr. Hubbs purchased the
Pomeroy coal for rail shipment, which had hitherto
been handled only by water along the Ohio and
Mississippi rivers. On account of its good qualities
and popularity for steam and domestic use.
his business has increased very rapidly, having
now a daily shipping capacity on this grade of coal
alone of 1,000 tons.
NINTH YEAR OF NORFOLK CBt WESTERN.
Complete recovery of the Norfolk & Western
from the temporary comparative decline of the
preceding year, is the significance of the ninth
annual report of this conipany for the year ending
June 30. In 1904 the gross earnings of the
system were $22,718,976. This represented an
increase of $1,640,315 over the earnings of 1903,
but this increase was small when compared with
the gain of over $3,500,000 in 1903. and it was
absorbed by an increase of $1,516,299 in operating
expenses. Compared with the unfavorable showing
of 1904, the situation in 1905 is greatly improved.
It is true that the gross earnings increased
only $1,370,282, a smaller increase than
that reported for the preceding year. The operating
expenses, however, increased only $941,000,
resulting in a gain of $429,176 in net income as
compared with $124,016 in 1904. After all
changes, including deficit on account of Pocahontas
Coal & Coke Co., discount and commission on
securities sold, advances to subsidiary companies
and miscellaneous charges, there is left $5,148,561
available for dividends. The amount required
for the 4 per cent, to which the preferred stock is
entitled is $919,530. Deducting this, the net income
remaining is $4,229,031, equal to 6.40 per
cent, on Norfolk & Western common stock. The
company, however, following its long-continued
conservative policy, appropriated $1,000,000 to the
betterment fund and $1,250,000 to the equipment
fund, paying only 3 per cent, on the common stock.
The gain in tonnage carried during 1905 was 1.-
730.671. and in ton mileage 439,444,972. The principal
gains in traffic were, of course, made in the
items of bituminous coal and coke. The total
gain in this traffic was 1,653,034 tons, the increase
in bituminous coal alone amounting to 1.370,543
tons. The development of the coke industry in
the Norfolk & Western territory is vigorously
proceeding. At the close of the year there were
144 coal and coke companies in operation, and 10,-
867 coke ovens were completed. The excellent
quality of the coke made from Pocahontas coal
insures it an increasing market. The I'nited
States Steel Corporation, it should be observed,
has completed 1,395 coke ovens in this region, and
has 945 under construction. Bituminous coal
and coke will always predominate in tne traffic of
the Norfolk & Western, and these commodities
must be carried at low rates. Large train loads
and low operating cost are essential to the profitable
conduct of this business, and to this end the
physical condition of the property must be maintained
on a high level.
ASKS A RECEIVER FOR THE
LITTLE KANAWHA SYNDICATE.
Application for the appointment of a receiver
for the community of interests, known as the
Little Kanawha syndicate, was filed in the United
States court. Cincinnati, Sept. 26. The plaintiff is
John S. Jones, holder of $100,000 worth of stock in
the syndicate. Judge Richards set October 9 for the
hearing. A restraining order was issued temporarily
preventing the three defendants from
"selling, contracting to sell, transferring or parting
with" any property of the Kanawha syndicate.
The grounds set forth in the bill of complaint are
numerous. Among other things it is alleged the
"antagonistic attitude" of Gould and Ramsey is
detrimental to the welfare of the syndicate; that
an effort is being made by the defendants that
might result in profit at the expense of the lesser
holders; that Ramsey and Guy have voted that
any two of the three heads of the syndicate may
transact us business, thus eliminating Gould; that
the lands are being sold at about one-half of their
true value. The plaintiff takes no side between
Ramsey and Gould, but the action is brought to
protect the plaintiff and those holders who may
be similarly situated. It is alleged in the petition
that $8,000,000 has been subscribed, of which
Gould put in $3,000,000. Ramsey $300,000, Guy
$300,000, James T. Blair, $100,000, Edward Fulton
$100,000 and others like and smaller amounts. It
is alleged that the heavy subscribers have not
paid in over 5 per cent, of their subs"riptions;
that an inquiry should be made as to how the
money has been spent; that the managers put
$700,000 into the construction of a railway from
"Zanesville, O.. to the Ohio river and tnen abandoned
it when it was found that the new line
would not be for the advantage of other enterprises
in which the managers were engaged; that
information as to the progress of affairs has been
refused this petitioner.
G. W. Stowell has purchased the wood and coal
business of M. G. Hand, in Ottawa, Kas.

PATRICK McBRYDE OF THE No. 8 VEIN OF
OHIO OPERATORS MAKES SOME FORCE­
FUL OBSERVATIONS ON THE PROFES­
SIONAL COMMITTEEMAN IN LABOR
AFFAIRS.
Commissioner Patrick McBryde of the Pittsburgh
Vein of Ohio Operators organization, and
once national secretary and treasurer of the U. M.
W.. was the principal speaker at the Labor Day
celebration in Barton, O. His address was characteristic
and refreshing in its several wholesome
tacts out of the ordinary. The following excerpts
will serve to illustrate:
"In a country where the developments of its
coal fields increase at the rate of from ten to
twenty million tons per annum, and the number
of miners from twenty to forty thousand; that a
good deal of friction should take place between
the men owning the mines and their employes is
naturally to be expected, and yet, to the credit of
the miners and operators, be it said that more
intelligence has been displayed in the making of
a wage scale and in preventing labor troubles
around the mines than has been displayed by any
other trade or calling in the country. Others have
followed in their footsteps; the miner and operator
lead the procession.
"It was not always thus. It is within the memory
of many gentlemen present when it was almost a
crime to be a member of the miners' union. Your
employers in those days did not meet with your
officials, discuss and remove grievances whenever
found. The Parry theory of liberty was practiced
throughout the country. A man worked as
long as his physical ability allowed him. He was
generally well pleased if he succeeded in getting
a car more than his neighbor. If you watch
carefully, you will find this little weakness creeping
out now anu then. A more servile or docile
animal than the coal miner was hard to find.
' Here and there men were found whose souls
arose in arms against the conditions which prevailed
and these men banded themselves into an
organization to remove the evils existing in and
around the coal mines. Although buffeted by
their employers, sneered at by their fellow-workmen,
they continued the good work until they compelled
recognition. Those pioneers who tramped
the ties that you and I and all be benefited, are
now forgotten since it has become fashionable to
be a union man. There are none so poor to do
them reverence.
"There is no greater curse in existence to-day
than the professional committee man; the idle
days he has caused his fellow-miners, that he
might loot the local treasury, is something fearful
to contemplate. The strangest part is that before
it became fashionable to be a union man, the
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
men who now pose as professional committee men
were unheard of; they mingled amongst the great
crowd of non-unionists to which they legitimately
belong. Think you that had those men been in
authority a few years ago and followed their
present policy, the operators would have recognized
the union or granted you an eight-hour day?
Not on your life."
LEHIGH AND WILKESBARRE COAL CO.
The annual report of the Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre
Coal Co. shows that the amount realized from coal
sales fell off $457,756, but miscellaneous earnings
increased and the total loss was brought down to
$409,167. A favorable feature of the statement
was a decrease in total expenses of $476,253 and in
net expenses of $369,455. As a result of these
economies the loss in net earnings was only $39,-
712.
The operations of the company for the year
ended June 30 last were as follows:
1905. 1904. Decrease.
Coal sales $15,747,301 $16,205,077 $457,756
Coal mined by
tenants 485,837 497,821 11,584
Miscellaneous 83,691 23,098 *60.593
Total earnings. $16,316,829 $16,725,996 $409,167
Expenses—
Mining coal and
repairs $5,342,429 $5,760,155 $417,726
Colliery impvmts.. 877,398 923,376 45.97S
Royalty on leased
property 303,489 296,636 *6,853
Coal purchased 2,969,655 2,869,954 *99.701
Transp'tion, yards
and agencies 4,331,915 4,421,004 89,099
General expenses.. 93,620 91,022 *2,598
Taxes 244,648 245,779 1,131
Insurance 24.51S 27,977 3,459
Deple'n cl'd lands
fund 226,563 254,585 28,022
Total $14,414,23o $14,890,488 $476,253
Less value coal
stock 261,037 367,835 106,798
Net expenses..$14,153,198 $14,522,653 $369,455
Net earnings.. $2,163,631 $2,203,343 $o9,712
Interest 1,538,311 1.569,o30 31,219
Surplus $625,320 $633,813 $8,493
* Increase.

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
TRAFFIC ON THE GREAT LAKES.
On the Great Lakes traffic movements were of
heavy volume during August, receipts for the
month amounting to 9,501,759 tons, as against
8,984,280 tons in 1904 and 8,407,754 tons in 1903,
as shown by the bureau of statistics of the department
of commerce and labor. Shipments, which
totaled 9.435.179 tons during the eight months of
the current year, were composed of the following
items: 137,244 net tons of flour. 17,217,120 bushels
of grain and flaxseed. 2.155,913 net tons of coal.
4,884.213 net tons of ore and minerals. 249,072
M. feet of logs and lumber, and 705.061 net tons
Of unclassified freight. During the first eight
months of the current year shipments from various
points on the Great Lakes totaled 40,540,912
tons, while a similar movement in 1904 amounted
to 24,857,888 tons, and in 1903 to 36,711,827 tons.
The great increase shown for the present year, as
compared with that for 1904, was due, at least
to a large extent, to an earlier opening of navigation
and freedom from labor difficulties.
During July, 9,321,097 net tons of freight were
received at the various lake ports, in contrast
with a similar inbound movement in 1904 of 8,-
507,192 tons and in 1903 of 7.876,410 tons. During
the first seven months of the current year similar
receipts amounted to 29.127.418 tons, as against
15,161,455 tons in 1904 and 26,951.018 tons in 1903.
The current year's inbound movement was divided
into 396,563 tons of flour, 52,123.957 bushels of
grain and flaxseed, 5,734,486 tons of coal, 15,518,752
gross tons of ore and minerals, 869,975 M. feet of
logs and lumber, and 2,347,431 net tons of unclassified
freight. The commerce through the Sault Ste.
Marie canals at Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., and Ontario,
Canada, during July totaled 6,703,760 tons,
as against a corresponding movement in 1904 of
5.609,079 tons and in 1903 of 5,279,428 tons. Of
the movement for the seventh month of the current
year, 5,494,878 tons moved eastward and 1.-
208.882 tons westward, while of the total movement
in both directions 5,873,743 net tons passed
the United States canal and 830.017 net tons
through the Canadian canal. Among the items
prominent in the eastbound movement may be
mentioned 5,044.012 tons of iron ore, 2,701.165
bushels of wheat, and 1.551.251 bushels of grain
other than wheat. The principal item in the
westbound movement consists of 940.884 net tons
of soft coal. During the present season, to and
including July 31. 19.837,204 net tons of freight
passed through the canals at Sault Ste. Marie, an
amount over 10% million tons in excess of a similar
movement in 1904, and considerably over 2'2
million tons heavier than that for 1903. Of the
present year's movement, 16,490,111 tons represented
an eastbound movement and 3,347,093 tons
a westbound movement, while of the freight pass­
ing in both directions, 16,689,042 tons moved
through the United States canal and 3.148,162 tons
through the canal in Canadian territory.
WELSH COAL IN FOREIGN MARKETS.
Welsh coal is used principally for naval and
manufacturing purposes. Its superior calorific
power, combined with its weathering capabilities,
have given it a peculiar advantage over other
coals for the use of mercantile steamships, and
it is mainly in virtue of this advantage that the
steam coal of South Wales has now for about
twenty-five years occupied its unique position at
the various coaling depots along the trade routes
of the world, according to the London Times.
Last year the quantity of coal exported from Cardiff
was 14,920,610 tons, and from all the South
Wales ports over 21.000,000 tons, or just half the
total coal export trade of the whole of the country,
ln France and Italy the railways as well as
the steamship lines are large customers, but the
following figures will give an idea of the extent
to which Cardiff coal is shipped to the depots
where mercantile steamships and war ships call
in order to refill their bunkers.
The nearest and by far the greatest market is
in the Mediterranean, and the following were
the exports from Cardiff in 1904 to some of the
ports on the French, Italian and Egyptian coasts:
Alexandria, 503,000 tons; Bordeaux, 285.000 tons;
Constantinople. 136.000 tons; Genoa, 970.bOO tons;
Gibraltar, 189,826 tons; Marseilles, 331,157 tons;
Malta, 342,106 tons; and Port Said, 1.114,086 tons.
To Madeira and the Canary Islands the exports
amounted to over 600,000 tons; to Aden, 167,000
tons; to Cape Town, 317,000 tons; to Colombo,
280,000 tons; to the Philippines, 57,000 tons; to
Hongkong, 582,596 tons; to Singapore, 113,000
tons; to Shanghai. 141,000 tons; and over 1,200,-
000 tons went to Uruguay and the Argentine Republic.
Other depots might have been mentioned
but these figures, though in a few cases of an
exceptional character, suffice to show how largely
supplied is the world's mercantile marine with
the "black diamonds" of the South Wales coal
field, and incidentally to explain how it is that
Cardiff clears more tonnage for foreign trade
than any other port in the world.
The question of how long Wales will be able
to continue in her present position as the main
source of the world's supply of this peculiarly
valuable kind of coal is agitating the minds of
Welsh colliers. India, Japan, Australia, the
United States, and other countries are not only
securing sufficient coal for their own fires at
home, but are beginning to export to places
hitherto entirely or almost entirely supplied by
Wales.

READING COMPANY REPORT
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. .",7
SHOWS A GOOD YEAR.
The eighth annual report of the Reading Company
for the fiscal year ending June 30 gives evi­
dence of prosperity in the anthracite r, o;il industry.
On joint operations of the three companies
record gross and net earnings are shown, while
the large sum of $2,261,000 was added to the sur­
plus account. Following is a summary of th j
joint operations of all three companies.
1905. 1904. 1903.
Gross $80,561,157 $77,040,2o5 $.2,140,743
Expenses 56,457,254 55,240,325 42,815,462
Net $24,103,903 $21,799,930 $19,325,281
Charges & taxes. 14,085,155 14,042,392 14,127,498
Surplus $10,018,748 $7,757,538 $5,197,783
The net result of the business of the three com­
panies for the past fiscal year was as follows:
Phila. & Reading Ry. Co.—
Receipts $37,495,718
Operating expenses 19,480,349
Net earnings $18,015,369
Insurance fund $30,794
Improvements 979,643
$17,004,931
1,010,437
Fixed charges and taxes 9,645,769
Surplus $7,359,162
Phila. & Reading Coal & Iron Co-
Receipts $36,099,419
Expenses 32,035,950
Net earnings $4,063,468
New work at collieries $1,730,974
Interest 1,582,255
Depletion of lands fund 478,325
$271,913
3,791,555
Fixed charges 104,035
Surplus $167,878
Reading Co.—
Income $6,966,019
Expenses 138,960
Net earnings $6,827,058
Fixed charges 4,335,350
Surplus $2,491,707
Surplus of three companies $10,018,748
Out of the above results the disbursements in
the shape of dividends were made as follows:
The accumulated surpluses of the three com­
panies, June 30, 1905, were as follows:
Reading Co., June 30, 1904. . . .$4,125,299
Year ended June 30, 1905 (in­
cluding $4,000,1100 dividends
paid by Phila. & Reading
R.v. Co.) 6,491.707
$10,617,007
Less: Dividends and gen'l sinking fund 4.309,850
Phila. & Reading Railway Co..
June 30, 1904 $7,028,368
Less: Dividend paid Dec. 29.
1904 4,000,000
$6,307,156
$3,028,368
Year ended June 30, 1905 7,359,162
$10,387,530
Phila. & Reading Coal & Iron Co., June
30, 1904 $1,222,788
Year ended June 30, 1905 167,878
$1,390,666
Total surplus June 30, 1905 $18,085,353
TRAFFIC STATISTICS.
1904-1905. 1903-1904. 1902-1903.
Coal traffic $17,163,351 $15,921,800 $13,134,624
Mdse. traffic... 13,036,535 11,932,640 12,564,293
Passenger traffic 5,717.399 5,516,669 5.235,897
Miscellaneous . . 796,458 760,355 654,884
Mail US.324 119.024 118,824
Total P. & R. Ry.$36,832,069 $34,250,489 $31,708,523
Other sources. . . 663,648 688,906 721,267
Total $37,495,718 $34,939,395 $32,429,791
The tonnage of anthracite carried increased from
11,324,624 tons in 1903-1904 to 12,029,459 tons-in
1904-1905, a gain of 704,835 tons, or 6.22 per cent..
and the tonnage of bituminous coal increased from
•8,059,243 tons to 9,184,421 tons, a gain of 1,125,178
tons, or 13.96 per cent. The revenue from coal
traffic increased from $15,921,800 to $17,163,351.47.
a gain of $1,241,551.47, or 7.80 per cent.
The High House Coal & Coke Co. has voted to
increase its capital stock from $30,000 to $75,000
and build a number of ovens this fall. W. S.
McClay. of Uniontown, Pa., has been elected sec­
retary and treasurer. The company has 122 acres
of coal and surface near High House, Fayette
county, Pa,

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
COAL TRAFFIC FOR THE WABASH.
Considerable attention has been attracted to the
statement made by President Ramsey of the Wabash
Railroad Co. in his advertised call for proxies
for the coming election, that of the cost of the
extensive improvement work done on the Wabash
system in the last ten years "at least twelve millions
of dollars was paid out of net earnings."
It is generally believed that the Wabash debenture
"B" bondholders who are working to obtain some
distribution of net profits on their securities will
be able to utilize with considerable effect this
statement of Mr. Ramsey, either in their suit at
law, or in any negotiations that may be made with
the management directly to secure a satisfactory
adjustment of their claims. Mr. Ramsey's statement
tends to confirm the views of those investors
in Wabash who have for a long time contended
that the real earning power of the company was
equal, not only to the payment of full interest on
the debentures "A" and "B" bonds and the 7 per
cent, requirements for the preferred stock, but a
dividend on the common stock.
As bearing upon the future prospects of Wabash
the condition of the coal companies owned by its
Western Maryland connection becomes important.
The Gould interests control the Western Maryland
Railroad Co.. which in turn owns the stock of the
West Virginia Central & Pittsburgh Railroad, and
the last mentioned company controls the Davis
Coal & Coke Co. The Davis Coal & Coke Co.
controls, according to the latest estimates. 50,000
acres of steaming and coking coal, and nearly
700 coke ovens, as well as 107,095 acres of coal,
iron and timber lands owned and 1.764 acres
leased. Its property lies on the waters of the
Potomac river, draining into the Chesapeake bay,
and is traversed by the West Virginia railway the
entire length of the field. When the property
was reported upon to the Gould syndicate two
years ago. F. S. Landstreet said in an expert report:
"The company is now producing about 2,-
000,000 tons of coke and coal, and its production
is only limited by transportation facilities. We
have estimated that on completion of lines to tidewater
at Baltimore the tonnage can be increased
to 4,000,000 tons annually within three years. The
principal market for this coal and coke are on
the Atlantic seaboard and at interior manufacturing
centers of the east. A large tonnage can
be marketed west, were transportation facilities
provided."
Freight rates on coal from Norfolk in coasting
schooners have been advanced to 80 cents per ton
if to Boston or vicinity and 70 cents per ton if
to Providence. The rate from Norfolk has been
55 cents per ton.
THE ANTHRACITE LABOR DISCUSSION.
The convention of the anthracite miners to
determine their propositions for working condi­
tions after expiration of the anthracite commission
award. April 1, will take place at Shamokin.
December 14. President Mitchell's speech-making
campaign through the hard coal fields continued
till recently. i^e has declared that his
proposals for improved conditions are not to be
taken as an ultimatum. Representatives of the
operators assert they will not entertain the 8-hour
proposition.
A Scranton operator, after meeting President
Baer of the Reading recently, said: "An S-hour
day would be equivalent to a 12 per cent, increase
in the miners' wages. If we granted that it
would be necessary for us to raise the price of
coal, and the public would not stand for that. We
are willing, however, to readopt the present agreement
with the miners, perhaps with some modifications
that can be mutually decided upon. President
Baer said that nothing would be done until
the miners finally formulate their demands at
the Shamokin convention and present them to us
for our decision. The operators will not entertain
the 8-hour day proposition, that is a certainty."
President Mitchell, addressing a mass meeting
at Lykens September 20, said: "I am opposed to
the issuance of an ultimatum until every reasonable
effort has been made to reach an agreement
and to adjust relations by conference, conciliation,
or other honorable and peaceful means. It
is true that I have presented the conditions upon
which I believe a permanent peace to be possible.
I have said that in my judgment, permanent industrial
tranquility could not be maintained until
the union is recognized as a contracting party with
the employers and until an 8-hour work day is
established in these fields. I shall continue to
advocate their adoption so long as I am connected
with the United Mine Workers of America."
Purchase of Docks at Sheboygan, Wis.
The Goodrich Transportation Co., Buffalo, N. Y.,
has taken over the Ewer docks and warenouses
at Sheboygan, Wis., owned until recently by the
Taylor estate ana leased to E. P. Ewer, who represented
the steamboat company and was reimbursed
on a tonnage basis. The company worked
under such an agreement with Mr. Ewer for the
last 3u years. George P. Sullivan, for many
years identified with the Northwestern road, and
for the last three years head of tne traffic department
of the C. Reiss Coal Co.. controlled by the
Pittsburgh Coal Co., has been appointed agent to
succeed Mr. Ewer.

INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF
COAL MERCHANTS FORMED.
The National Council of Retail Coal Dealers
Associations and the International Anthracite
Merchants' Association were amalgamated under
the name of the International Council of Coal
Merchants during their meeting at Buffalo, N. Y..
September 21 and 22. These officers were elected
for the new organization: President, W. F. Endrese,
Jamestown, N. Y.; vice-president, Robert
Lake, Jackson, Mich.; treasurer, C. A. Cruikshank,
Hannibal, Mo.; secretary. W. M. Bertelet, Reading.
Pa. G. H. Reeves, of Minneapolis; J. M. Watts,
of Baltimore; and J. S. Smoot, of New York, were
elected an executive committee.
Among the representatives at the meeting were
the presidents and secretaries of state or division
or city organizations in territory from Maine to
Texas as follows: Northwestern Retail Coal Dealers'
Association. C. M. Morse. Winona, Minn.; Illinois
and Wisconsin Retail Coal Dealers' Association,
Frank Mosher, De Kalb, Wis.; F. E. Lukens,
Chicago; Iowa and Nebraska, Frank Gregory, Marshalltown,
Iowa; R. E. Harris, Omaha, Neb.; Kansas
and Missouri, C. A. Cruikshank, Hannibal,
Mo.; H. Nesbitt, Atchison, Kan.; Ohio, W. F. Vogele,
Mansfield; Ford R. Cate, Columbus; Oklahoma
and Indian Territory, A. M. De Bolt, Oklahoma
City; Maine, E. A. Larrabee, Bath: R. S.
Webb, Yarmouth; New York and Pennsylvania,
George H. Mitchell, Mill Village, Pa.; William F.
Endrese, Jamestown, N. Y.; New England, F. G.
Humphrey, Waterbury, Conn.; W. R. Batchelder,
Boston, Mass.; Pennsylvania, Samuel B. Crowell,
Philadelphia; Wellington M. Bertolet, Reading;
Western Ontario, John C. Hay, Listowel; H. A.
Mcintosh. Woodstock; Kentucky and Tennessee,
E. G. Fristoe, Mansfield, Ky.; W. C. Williams,
Louisville, Ky.; Philadelphia, Charles K. Scull;
New York, O. J. Stevens, J. Samuel Smoot;
Baltimore. B. M. Watts, G. H. Natchman;
Wilmington, Edward N. Phillips; Albany,
John H. Lynch. William B. Vernoy; Atlantic
City, S. P. Morris, William Lewis; Texas, B.
G. Moss, Bonham; Walter D. Lacy. Waco; Cleveland,
H. G. Brayton; Harrisburg, F. J. Wallace,
J. H. Palmer.
The officers of the new organization will soon
take steps to have it incorporated under the laws
of Illinois. The headquarters will be in Chicago.
The coal dealers meeting discussed the subjects of
railroad demurrages and short weights of carloads
of coal. The dealers expressed themselves
as bitterly opposed to the system the railroads
have of charging the recipients of carloads of
coal for rent of the cars in case the cars are not
unloaded promptly, even though the delay in unloading
may be the result of the railroads' neglect
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. ,",9
to ship the car promptly to its destination so that
the dealer can get it to unload when he has plenty
of time. The dealers condemned the practice of
making the retailers pay for coal that is stolen
out of cars while they are in transit. The retailers
complain that oftentimes cars are a ton
or more short when they get to their destination,
and they passed strong resolutions calling upon
the railroads to stop what the dealers call the injustice
of the demurrage and short-weight practices.
A discussion of railroad rate legislation such as
proposed in the Esch-Townsend bill and other
measures having for their object the conferring
upon the interstate commerce commission of the
power to substitute a reasonable railroad rate for
a rate which it condemns as unreasonable, took
place. William Ellis of Chicago, representing the
Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroad, attacked
the features of the Esch-Townsend bill. He
argued that every railroad rate depends so much
upon other rates that if the commissioners began
disturbing rates at all they would soon be swamped
with the task of trying to fix a growing number
of rates in an endless chain. According to Mr.
Ellis there are about 7,000 persons in this country
now engaged in investigating rates for railroads,
and the interstate commerce commissioners would
find themselves in a peck of trouble trying to do
their work if the powers were enlarged as proposed.
A resolution was passed condemning the
idea of allowing the interstate commerce commission
to name any rate to be substituted for a rate
condemned.
ANTHRACITE SHIPMENTS.
Shipments of anthracite coal for the eight
months ending August 31 are repo rted as follows.
in long tons:
1904 .
Tons. Pei rCt.
1905.-
Tons. Per Ct.
Reading 7,440,190 19.4 8,233,808 20.6
Lehigh Valley. 6,220,981 16.3 6,355,755 15.8
N. J. Central. . 4,836,166 12.6 5.159,874 12.9
Lackawanna .. 6,129,249 16.1 6,166,527 15.3
Del. & Hudson. 3.712,029 9.8 3.830,578 9.7
Pennsylvania .. 3,185,835 8.3 3,272,796 8.2
Erie 3,912,514 10.3 4,100,616 10.3
N. Y.,Ont. & W. 1,765,333 4.6 1,894,547 4.8
Del.,Sus. & Schl. 1,003,873 2.6 1,061,480 2.6
Total 38.206.170 100.0 40.075,981 100.0
The total increase this year was 1,869,811 tons,
or 4.6 per cent. Every company exhibited an increase.
The total shipments in August amounted
to 5,041,838 tons, being an increase of 716,104 tons
over those in the corresponding period in 1904.

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Carbondale Coal Mining Co., incorporated in
Pennsylvania; capital, $10,000; treasurer, H. P.
Mellett, Scranton, Pa.; directors, John J. Boland.
Dan Powell. Richard Gilligan, John F. Fiannelly,
all of Dunmore. Pa.; A. J. Cawley. Archbald, Pa.;
M. B. Casey, H. P. Mellett. of Scranton, Pa.
—+ —
Connellsville Basin Coal Co., of Morgantown,
W. Va.; capital, $250,000; incorporators, George
C. Bradshaw, William J. Crawford, Samuel A.
Davis. J. H. Roelof and G. E. Moser, Jr., all of
Pittsburgh, Pa.
—+—
The Domestic Coal Co. of Paris, Logan county,
Tenn.; capital, $25,000; George W. Russell, president;
T. E. May, vice-president; D. M. McGraw,
secretary; John E. Bryan, treasurer.
1
Associated Developing & Mining Co.; capital.
$100,000; incorporators, James H. Griffith, Jr..
Lynnbrook, N. Y.; Cornelius A. Cole, Demarest;
Alexander F. Garbe, Jersey City.
—+—
Montgomery Coal Co. of Tennessee, Jersey City,
N. J.; capital $150,000; incorporators, O. S. Lee,
Jr., G. W. Flaacke, Franklin Wagner.
—'+'—
Western Coal & Lumber Co., Oklahoma City,
Okla.; capital, $250,000; incorporators, Lloyd
Hicks, J. F. Hicks, L. G. Russell.
1
Illinois Gas. Oil & Coal Co., Springfield, 111.; capital.
$200,000; incorporators, Fred W. Long, Sam
E. Morris, Otis H. Williams.
—+—
Southern Coal & Mining Co., East St. Louis, 111.;
capital, $1,110,000; incorporators, L. N. Muren, A.
B. Daab, R. W. Ropiequet.
— H —
Jones Bros. Coal & Mining Co., Marissa, 111.;
capital, $30,000; incorporators, Jonathan Jones,
Wm. Jones, Charles Jones.
—+—
Dawson Coal, Coke & Railway Co., Augusta,
Me.; capital, $500,000; president and treasurer,
I. L. Fairbanks, Augusta.
h —
Consolidated Coal & Coke Co., Greeley, Col.; capital,
$100,000; incorporators, Wm. Barth, C. J.
Barts, C. J. Baum.
—+—
Trexier & Turrel Coal & Iron Co., Seattle, Wash.;
capital, $100,000; incorporators, J. L. Case, H. W.
Lung, B. Lung.
Esser Coal & Coke Co., Esserville. Va.; capital,
$60,000; incorporators, G. H. Esser, C. C. Hyatt
and others.
— j — -
B. F. Berry Coal Co., Chicago, 111.; capital, $300,-
000; incorporators, H. H. Field, W. D. Millard, A.
W. Cupler.
1
The Irvington Coal & Land Co. has been incorporated
in Denver, Col., with a capital stock of
$250,000.
ARRANGING FOR CHICAGO FEDERA­
TION CONFERENCE OF PRODUCERS.
The Indiana Bituminous Coal Operators' Association,
at a recent meeting in Terre Haute, Ind.,
selected delegates to attend the bituminous conference
to be held in Chicago November 22, with
reference to labor conditions. Those named are
as follows: J. C. Kolsem, general manager of
the Jackson Hill Coal & Coke Co., Terre Haute;
Hugh Shirkie, Dering Coal Co., Terre Haute; J.
Smith Talley, Terre Haute; R. R. Hammond, president
Dering Coal Co., Chicago; Carl Scholz, vicepresident
of the Consolidated Indiana Coal Co..
Chicago; J. K. Seifert, vice-president and general
manager of the Indiana Southern Coal Co., Chicago;
Job Freeman, of the United Fourth-Vein
Coal Co.. Linton, Ind.; A. M. Ogle, president, and
John McFadyen, general manager of the Vandalia
Coal Co.. Indianapolis; and George C. Richards.
President F. L. Robbins of the Pittsburgh Coal
Co., announced that his company will take no
part in the Chicago meeting. His attitude is
explained in his statement as follows: "We are
urging the miners to send their delegates to their
convention uninstructed so they will be free to
act after they will have learned the actual conditions
with fairness and intelligence from the viewpoint
of their own and the operators' best interests.
The Pittsburgh Coal Co. will go into the
next convention free from any entanglements with
other operators as to policy or prices, prepared
to enter into a fair agreement based on the actual
and prospective conditions which a careful analysis
of the situation will disclose. It would be in
consistent for us to go into any advance conference
that would bind us to any definite attitude
when we ask the miners to discard advance declarations
and to send their delegates unpledged."
Cuyahoga county, Ohio, is advertising a fourth
time for bids on its coal supply. When bids
were last opened a technical irregularity prevented
the Pittsburgh Coal Co. securing the business
at $2.35 the ton.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
THE PULSE OF
On new business, bituminous coal is bound to
cost more from this time on indefinitely. At a
recent meeting in Columbus, O., of producers in
the Ohio. West Virginia and Western Pennsylvania
fields an understanding was reached that
the price on all-rail coal be increased 10 cents the
ton, starting with the current month. The northwest
dock interests put prices up 15 cents the ton
last month and to meet the extraordinary demand
this may be added to in the present month. There
is a rush in buying. The advance of the upper
lake dock interests does not. of course, affect the
price on the shipments up the lakes but inasmuch
as the one great interest of the Pittsburgh district
controls the upper lake docking facilities, the
better prices will inure to the profits of this
producing interest as effectually as thougn it had
sharply marked up prices at its mines. The advance
will as a matter of course only affect the
free coal at the upper lake docks, not that covered
in specifications under old contracts for the
season. Heavy demand for requirements in the
northwest call for a rush of shipments up the
lakes, which is materially handicapped by the
car shortage. This shortage is a real factor in
the trade. It verges on the serious condition of
the blockaded nerve-trying condition of 1902,
when most exceptional methods were employed
in appropriating empties. With its congested
railway facilities the Pittsburgh district first feels
the car shortage although it is now a factor
throughout the producing fields. With the ear
shortage formidable at this time it is unlikely
that the lake movement this season from Pittsburgh
and adjacent fields will make the record
previously anticipated. In the Pittsburgh field
there is now only a three-days-the-week car supply.
Putting it in a nutshell the bituminous trade
nearly everywhere is on an upward trend, substantially
based on demand. It is entirely devoid
of any artificial price making which invariably
ruins naturally bettering conditions. Pittsburgh
field mine-run coal is in strong demand at
from $1 to $1.05 at mine to the trade. There is
an exceptionally heavy demand for slack and some
of the larger producers are buying this line for
their trade at prices above anything which has
ruled before in two years.
Coke prices have advanced since our last report.
For the strictly Connellsville product, under 1
per cent, in sulphur, the furnace grade is held at
$2.25 the ton to the trade and foundry at $2.50.
The lower Connellsville or high sulphur product
is selling at $1.90 for furnace and $2.25 for foun-
THE MARKETS.
dry. Some substantial contracts have been closed
for delivery through the first half of next year at
these prices. The car shortage has been felt in
the coking fields and production is therefore somewhat
curtailed in its upward tendency. Production
in the Connellsville field is now on an average
of about 260,000 tons the week with shipments
in the week ending September 23 somewhat higher
than this and involving an increase of nearly 2,000
tons compared to the previous week. In the
Masontown field shipments are now at an average
of about 68.000 tons the week, a reduction of
about 1,750 tons compared to weeks previous. The
combined production of the Connellsville and the
lower Connellsville region during 1905 will exceed
15.000,000 tons and may reach 16.000,000.
Eastern seaboard soft coal trade has a large
volume of coal going forward, while heavy demand
oc/ntinues for further shipments. Prices are
strong, and on transient business are advancing.
None of the shipping ports has any surplus coal
on hand, and vessels are waiting in many Instances
for arrivals of coal from the interior. The
general condition is that the demand is larger than
the supply. Car service is better than would be
expected, although it is curtailed to many shippers,
for which reason, the full output of the mines is
not coming forward. The Baltimore & Ohio has
issued an order stopping all shipments in its
own and Reading cars to points on the New York,
New Haven & Hartford, to which road nearly all
of these foreign, all-rail shipments go. Trade in
the far east is active, and most producers have a
large stock of orders from this territory to dispose
of, while consumers are urgent about getting
their coal forward before the inauguration of
coastwise winter rates. Trade in New York harbor
is active. Prices seem to be about $2.60'
f. o. b. shipping points for fair grades, and $2.30#
$2.35 for slack. The market for coal from Illinois
and Indiana mines—the source of supply for
Chicago territory's fuel needs—is decidedly better.
Car shortage is a factor. Markets of the southern
and southwestern producers are strengthening.
The anthracite market shows some improvement,
although the active fall demand has not
yet begun. Marked activity need not be expected
until the beginning of colder weather. The small
sizes are in abundant supply and there is no shortage
of domestic sizes. The mines are working
full time and are stocking their surplus. A report
from Scranton states that the large producers

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
have notified dealers that orders for winter supplies
must be sent in at once, and that these must
be filled from the daily output, the intention being
to hold intact the stocks already accumulated in
the anthracite fields, and near Philadelphia and
New York. Similar orders were issued in 1900
and 1902.
Hull. Blyth & Co., of London and Cardiff, report
that tonnage is arriving a little more ireely
and the tone of the market continues steady. Best
Welsh steam coal. $3.36; seconds: $3.24; thirds.
$3.12: dry coals, $3.00: best Monmouthshire, $3.12;
seconds, $3.00; best small steam coal, $2.22; seconds.
$2.10: other sorts, $1.92.
KANSAS WAGE DISPUTE ADJUSTED.
At Pittsburg, Kas., September 19, the district
executive board of the United Mine Workers
voted to accept the proposition of the Coal Operators'
Association in the coal pushing wage question.
The proposition follows: "The company
shall pay the miners for the time actually consumed
in the work of pushing the empty car from
the switch on the main entry to the room neck
on the back entry, and in pushing the loaded car
from the room on the back entry to the switch on
the main entry; this time to be paid for on the
basis of the day wage scale, viz: $2.42 per day;
the time to which each man is entitled under the
arrangement to be determined by him and the pit
boss, and failing an agreement by them, to be
settled in the method pointed out in the contract
for adjudicating grievances or controversies."
This proposition is limited to the mines in Kansas,
and does not apply to Missouri mines generally,
where the double entry law has been in
force since 1895.
There are. however, two mines on the Missouri
side of the line. No. 8 at Minden and the slope
mine at Vernon, which are affected. The question,
as far as these shafts are concerned, will be
referred to John Mitchell, head of the miners'
national organization, who is to render a decision
to be binding to both sides. President Richardson
of the district board at Pittsburg, and Assistant
General Manager Shaw, of the Western Coal
& Mining Co., will prepare an agreement of the
facts, to be submitted to Mr. Mitchell.
And They Sprinkled The Mine With Holy Water.
Because a woman entered the Jesus Maria y
Anexae mines in Mexico several hundred miners
went on strike and refused to return to work
until the parish priest went into the mines and
sprinkled all shafts and tunne's with holy water.
It is an old superstition among Mexican miners
that if a woman enters a mine a catastrophe will
follow.
Louise Daly, in male attire, and said to be a
comely woman of 22 with the usual small children
and deserted by her husband, was recently arrested
in a camp of tramps on Whiskey Island,
Cleveland. Two years ago the wretch deserted
her and she told the court she had worked as a
man for a, year in coal mines about Parkersburg.
W. Va. It's one of those sad stories, but the
romance is slightly impaired by the combination
cf Parkersburg. W. Va.. and Whiskey Island.
—o—
That Wilkes-Barre miner, desiring to become a
citizen of the United States, who informed the
i curt that John Mitchell is president of the United
States and governor of Pennsylvania, will have to
wait awhile for his naturalization papers, but it
should at least be seen to forthwith that he has a
union card.
— o —
Alice Thaw. Countess of Yarmouth, will shortly
receive a copy of a Westmoreland county (Pa.)
court citation calling for exchange of some of the
Thaw coal properties, a matter of 225 acres, to
the H. C. Frick Coke Co. Certainly, this will not
estop the countess in her social affairs.
—o—
There will be some coal mines closed near Parkersburg,
W. Va., till they are flooded with holy
water when the story of the deserted woman
working therein reaches any Mexican miners who
may be thereabouts.
— o —
Apropos of coal yard credits: "I say. Clinkers,
why do you keep me waiting so long for the coal
I ordered?" "My dear Blinkers, do you forget
that you take eight months in paying for it?"
—o—
Here's the way they put it in Connellsville, Pa.:
"Field Marshal John Mitchell is drilling his hosts
for another battle with the anthracite coal barons."
— o —
It would be interesting to know the size of that
ancestor's foot who tread on the forming anthracite
beds 10.000 years ago.
ANTHRACITE DISTRICT CONVENTION.
The fifth annual convention at Lykens. Pa., September
25, of the United Mine Workers of the
Ninth district, representing 50,000 mine workers,
passed resolutions demanding an 8-hour work day
and recognition of the union. The convention
declared in favor of the election of the members
composing the board of examiners of applicants
for certificates for mine inspectors in the anthracite
field instead of the appointment by the courts.

•) SOME LABOR NOTES. •
Referring to the Labor Day oration of Commissioner
John P. Reese of the Iowa Coal Operators'
Association, the Standard of Keokuk, Iowa,
says: "There was a time and there were places
where labor orations were the idle vaporings of
blatherskites knowing nothing of economics and
less of the rights of mankind who were chiefly
concerned in raising a fuss and keeping it boiling.
Evidently this is not the time nor place for such
speeches. Mr. Reese was as careful in his economics
as a college professor, as conservative in
his ideas as a banker, as peaceful in his attitude
as any American should be, and as appreciative of
the rights of others as a true Christian. He hit
hard blows at any socialistic ideas floating around
and said that all wage earners should wake up
from such dreams which could never be realized.
He counseled against mixing politics into trades
unionism. He talked good horse sense all the
time and gave advice the following of which cannot
help but strengthen unionism in any community
with employers and the public alike."
m * *
The miners in the Chicago & Alton sub-district
of Illinois have returned to work alter idleness
since the first of July. President John Mitchell.
acting on a report of Vice-President T. L. Lewis.
sustained the position of the Illinois miners' state
officials in accepting the shot firer addition to the
wage agreement for this field, and urged the
miners to resume work. Upon receipt of Mr.
Mitchell's decision at meeting's at Thayer, Virden,
Divernon and Auburn mines the men voted to
return to work. All had resumed September 25.
These mines have been idle since the first of July,
when all the mines in the state were shut down
pending an agreement on the shot firer question.
These four machine mines remained idle because
of the contention of the miners that more than two
pounds of powder must be used for blasting, thus
requiring shot firers. The operators took the
other view of the matter, and had already been
sustained by the state officials. There are now
no labor disputes at Illinois mines.
* * *
Hopkins county, Ky., is again the scene of a
coal miners' strike. All the coal diggers employed
by the big Daniel Boone coal mines in the
south part of that county have walked out, declaring
they will dig no more coal for that company.
The management posted notices that the scale of
wages would be reduced, and the miners say that
the reduction amounts to 35 per cent. The mine
was opened about four years ago and since that
time has been running as an "open" m.ne, employing
both union and non-union men, and the union
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
miners, who were in the majority at the time of
the strike, claim that the company's action means
a plan to do away with union labor. It is said
that 50 of the miners who rent company houses
have been ordered to vacate.
* * »
A mine examiner is required, under the law.
to enter a shaft and make an inspection between
shifts, if, after one shift is through, dangerous
gases accumulate and doors and stoppings may be
blown out and an interval of a few hours occurs
between shifts. This is the interpretation placed
upon the mining law by Attorney General Stead,
in an opinion rendered at the request of Walton
Rutledge of Springfield, mine inspector of the
Fifth Illinois district. Thus the employment of
shot firers may entail additional duties upon mine
examiners who, before the shot firers' law became
effective, were required to make only one examination
a day.
* * *
"By the middle of next month (October) the
United Mine Workers of District No. 7 alone will
have a paid-up membership of 10,000," says John
P. Gallagher, of Hazleton, who is secretary-treasurer
of District No. 7. Since the advent of President
Mitchell, Secretary Gallagher is sending out
many more membership buttons for the fourth
quarter of 1905. In the entire district it is estimated
there are 18,000 hands of all classes employed
in and about the mines, this number including
every class of workers from foreman down
to breaker boy.
* * *
A committee of the Sheridan. Wyo., lodge of
the United Mine Workers' union has been meeting
with the owners of the Deitz, Monarch and Sheridan
mines in Hot Springs, S. Dak., in an effort
to secure the establishment of a scale of wages
and hours governing these mines. Montana and
Washington operators have recently signed an
agreement with the miners' union, and it is expected
a satisfactory arrangement will be entered
into at the Hot Springs conference.
* * *
The coal operators and officers of the United
Mine Workers have been notified by Charles H.
Neill, statistician at Washington, that the average
tidewater selling price of anthracite coal in
August was $4.71 a ton. entitling certain mine
workers to a 4 per cent, increase over the basis
on September wages. in August the rate was 2
per cent, above the basis, coal having sold for
$4.64 a ton in July.
» • »
The strike of the coal miners, which was inaugurated
at Henryetta. I. T., three months ago,
has been declared off. the men returning to work
under the old conditions. The strike was or-

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
dered by Peter Hanraty, president of the United
Mine Workers, when the owners refused to accede
to certain demands, among which was an increase
of wages.
* * *
The Nottingham colliery, Wilkes-Barre, Pa., resumed
September 11, after two months suspension.
The colliery shut down to prepare for the mammoth
new breaker that was erected at a cost of
nearly a million dollars. During the suspension
the old breaker was torn down and nothing was
left but the iron tower over the shaft.
* * *
There was a large decrease in the number of
men in the Central Pennsylvania field paying tax
to the United Mine Workers in a month past. In
the Pittsburgh district it is reported that the
membership materially increased in the same
period.
* * *
Joseph Leiter has relieved from duty the entire
force of guards at the Zeigler mines. The property
is now without an armed guard for the first
time since the strike, inaugurated about a year
ago.
* * *
The miners of the Home-Riverside Coal Co.,
Leavenworth, Kas., have returned to work and will
settle their dispute with operators by arbitration.
* * *
John F. Ream, till recently of the national
executive board of the miners, is reported to have
become a coal operator in South Dakota.
Anthracite is retailing at Hartford, Conn., at
$6.25 per ton. which is 50 to 75 cents less than
the selling price of this grade of fuel in the surrounding
towns and cities. This condition of
affairs is said to be due to friction and ill-feeling
among the members of the trade.
*
The dealers at Portland, Me., for the past two
or three weeks have had their hands full filling
the bins of consumers who wish to get in their
winter fuel before the cold weather sets in.
*
The grain, lumber and coal firm of A. L. Duncan
& Co., of Oakville, la., has sold its lumber business
to the Oskaloosa Lumber Co. and its grain
business to J. A. Duncan.
*
G H. Downing & Son and F. H. Gilchrist & Son
of Kearney, Neb., have been awarded the contract
for furnishing the state coal for the Kearney Normal
School.
A new retail association was organized at Albany.
N. Y., on the 19th ult. under the name of
the Central and Eastern Retail Coal Merchants'
Association.
*
York ( Pa.) dealers have decided to sell for cash
only in future. A concession in price will be
made to offset what might be an inconvenience to
some.
*
The Peoples Ice & Coal Co. has been incorporated
in Omaha, Neb., with a capital stock of $25.-
000, by S. D. Patterson and others.
D. N. McDonald, a lumber and fuel dealer of
Phillsburg. Mont., has consolidated his business
with that of Valentine Jackey.
*
A. K. Pottenger has purchased the interest of
R. R. Kyd in the coal business of R. C. Giddings
& Co., in Beatrice, Neb.
*
The Newton Lumber & Coal Co. has succeeded
to the business of the D. G. Brooks Lumber Co..
in Fort Collins, Colo.
*
At Washington. D. C, the dealers are over-run
with orders to supply the domestic trade with a
goodly store of coal.
*
M. G. Patterson has been succeeded in the fuel
and grain business in Clay Center, Kas., by Patterson
& Pingee.
H. McClain has been admitted to partnership
in the coal business of J. T. Barnes, in Emerson,
Ia.
The Rees Bros. Coal Co. has given a bill of sale
to its business in Madrid, la., to A. M. McCall.
*
J. F. Carr has succeeded to the coal and grain
business of Wolfe & Carr in Springview, Neb.
*
Boone Kirk has succeeded to the business of the
Rock Island Coal Co., in Fort Worth, Tex.
*
K. B. Shaw has purchased the fuel business of
the J. H. McDonald Co.. in Denver, Colo.
*
Frank Callahan has sold his coal business in
Waitsburg, Wash., to C. P. Perkins.
*
At Providence, R. I., bituminous prices have
been marked up 20 cents the ton.
*
Dealers at Joplin. Mo., are advancing prices.

Through the consolidation of the Ingersoll-Sergeant
and Rand Drill companies, Mr. C. Bollinger,
Jr.. who for the past four years has been the
Pittsburgh manager of the Ingersoll-Sergeant Co.,
becomes manager of the Pittsburgh branch of the
Ingersoll-Rand Co. For 15 years Mr, Bollinger
was associated with the Ingersoll-Sergeant Co.
in New York in important capacities. His management
is bound to maice the reorganized company
a more important factor in the coal trade.
Mr. F. C. Weber, who has been Pittsburgh manager
of the Rand Drill Co., has gone to the New
York offices of the new company. Mr. A. S. Uhler
and others of Mr. Weber's staff remain here and
the office also carries Mr. Bollinger's former associates,
including Mr. A. L. Dixon, who is well
known in the commercial territory of this office
as its coal mine engineer.
President John E. Shaw, of uie Lake Erie and
Ohio River Ship Canal Co.. is preparing to make
a trip to Erie, accompanied by the directors of the
< ompany, to repay the visit of prominent business
men of Erie, who desire that their city lie made
the lake terminus of the proposed canal. Recently
additional surveyors have been at work on
the route of the proposed canal and it is hoped
to complete the survey before the coid weather
sets in.
Mr. W. W. Ferguson, superintendent tor the
Fairmont Coal Co. at Beechwood. W. va., will go
to Berryburg October 1 to take charge of the
new property of fhe Consolidated Coal uo. there.
He will move his family there shortly. Mr. Ferguson
is one of the most popular and experienced
superintendents in that region.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
CIellan Co. has its headquarters at Wyoming, and
engineers from that place making a survey of the
Evans property.
Rev. J. W. Gorrell has resigned the pastorate of
the First Christian church in Lisbon, 0., to devote
his attention to some coal lands in Jefferson
and Belmont counties and in West Virginia. He
assumed his pastorate April 1.
Mr. Thomas H. Wells, a pioneer coal and iron
operator at Youngstown, O., is dead. He was a
member of the engineering corps which was in
charge of the first section of the Pennsylvania
railroad.
Mr. Austin King, superintendent of the Calumet
plant of the H. C. Frick Coke Co., has been
given charge of the two Hecla plants also. The
Heclas are now operated by the H. C. Frick Coke
Co.
Mr. J. C. Sproull of Leechburg, Pa., was in
Pittsburgh recently on business in relation to an
important coal development project in Western
Pennsylvania in which he is interested.
Mr. Tracy W. Guthrie, general manager of the
Continental Coal Co., Columbus, O., before its
absorption by the Sunday Creek Coal Co., will
shortly re-enter the coal business.
Mr. Andrew P. Swanstrom has accepted the position
of city agent for the Ohio Coal Co., in St.
Paul.
The report of the chief inspector of mines of
India for 1904 states that at present coal cutting
Mr. Robert W. Haseltine, state mine inspector machines are used at only two collieries in India.
of Ohio from 18SS to 1900, died suddenly Septem- Nearly all the coal is won by the bord-and-pillar
ber 6 at a hotel in Yellowstone Park, where he system (that is, by cutting the seams into pillars
had gone in the hope of recuperating his health. by driving galleries). The pillars are seldom ex­
He was about 60 years old. After his retirement tracted. The cheapness of Indian labor, com­
from official life, Mr. Haseltine followed the propared with European and American, has probably
fession of mining engineer.
prevented enterprise in the use of machines being
shown in India. However, when the efficiency
Mr. William H. Hugus has tendered his resig­ of the Indian miner is considered in comparison
nation to the H. C. Frick Coke Co. as superintend­ with that of the English miner, there would apent
of the Davidson works, one of the largest pear to be scope for the use of machines. The na­
plants in the world. The resignation is to take tive miners have shown themselves capable of
effect Febuary 1, 1906. Mr. Hugus has been with managing the machines; if a doubt remains as to
the H. C. Frick Coke Co. for many years.
a reduction in the cost per ton of machine-cut coal,
there can be no question (as regards the great
Mr. Charles Merrick, of Avoca, Pa., will be the economy of time) in favor of the machines. With
superintendent for the McCIellan Coal Co., at the those now in use, a gallery could be driven at
old Evans colliery near Hazleton, Pa. The Mc­ least twice as far in a given time as by hand.

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The Coal Dock Supply & Equipment Co. lias
been organized at Chicago, for the purpose of manufacturing
and dealing in coal handling machinery,
equipment and supplies. This conipany will
make a specialty of this line of business in order
to facilitate the source of supply covering all the
requirements of docks throughout the country.
It will handle every thing used on or around a
dock, including steel structural work, hoisting
plants, clam shells, pumps, buckets and tubs, box
car loauers, wire ropes, cars, turnbuckles, sheaves,
engines, supplies, etc. The president and manager
is Mr. Robert N. Lysle, who has made a
special study of docks and coal handling equipment.
Mr. Lysle was associated with the Hoisting
& Conveying Machinery Co. since its organization,
and as engineer and draftsman, has designed
some of the largest and most successful
plants erected in recent years. The conipany
will act as consulting engineers, or will contract
to erect plants complete, or furnish anything used
on a dock. They will also act as sales agents for
the Ottumwa Iron Works, and will have offices at
19 South Canal street, Chicago.
o o o
The Laidlaw-Dunn-Gordon Co., Cincinnati. O..
has issued an interesting catalogue, Bulletin L 508,
in which is illustrated and listed a line of compressors
which it is now putting on the market,
and which embody several marked advances in air
compressor construction. These machines are
being built in eight general classes, each sub
divided into groups suitable for varying conditions
of steam and air pressure. These classes
are as follows: Duplex steam, duplex air; duplex
steam, two-stage air; cross-compound steam,
non-condensing, duplex air; cross-compound steam,
condensing, duplex air; cross-compound steam.
non-condensing, two-stage air; cross-compound
steam, condensing, two stage air: duplex, singlestage,
power-driven compressors; duplex two-stage.
power-driven compressors; straight-line compressors.
The Sullivan Machinery Co. of Chicago reports
the addition of two branch offices to its list, one
at Knoxville, Tenn., and one at Joplin. Mo. The
Knoxville office, with quarters in the Houston
building, is in charge of Mr. E. L. Thomas, for
several years connected with the New York
branch. Rock drills, stone channelers and quarrying
machinery are carried in stock. Mr. S. A.
Allison, who has been the company's representative
at Joplin for the past two years, now becomes
district manager at that point. A stock of
Sullivan compressors, rock drills and duplicate
parts and supplies is carried at the company's
ware house at Joplin. The new office is in the
Keystone hotel block, corner of Fourth and Virginia
avenues.
J. W. Ellsworth & Co., Cleveland, O., have given
a contract to the Great Lakes Engineering Works.
of Detroit, Mich., for a twin screw steel car ferry
to operate between Ashtabula, 0., and Port Burwell,
Ontario, in connection with the Pennsylvania
Lines in Ohio and the Canadian Pacific in
Ontario. The vessel will have four tracks, with
a capacity for thirty fifty-ton cars, and will be
equipped with engines capable of twelve miles
an hour. It will be 350 feet over all, 56 feet
beam and 20 feet deep from deck to keel, and will
be of the enclosed type, with accommodations for
passengers and crew on the upper deck. It will
be equipped with triple-expansion engines and
Scotch boilers.
The annual report of the Virginia Iron, Coal &
Coke Co. for the fiscal year ended June 30, issued
September 23, makes a favorable showing. Net
earnings amounted to $516,512 and surplus after
taxes and charges to $89,679, against a deficit of
about $30,000 last year. The company's gross
business was $3,769,912. During the year a
traffic agreement was made with the Norfolk &
Western railway by which the company gets freer
shipments of its products and some concession
in freight charges on raw material shipped to its
furnaces.
Senator Henry G. Davis of West Virginia announces
that during next year his Coke & Coal
railway, extending from Charleston to Elkins, W.
Va.. will ship nearly 2,000,000 tons of coal and
coke, about half east and half west. Next year
he estimates that his road will give the Reading.
at Shippensburg, about 300,000 tons of coal and
coke, and the Pennsylvania about 200.000 tons.
This is apart from what the Baltimore & Ohio will
carry to destination, and from what the West
Virginia Central-Western Maryland line wnl have.
A Berlin cable dispatch announces that the
Japanese found 150,000 tons of the best Cardiff
coal in Port Arthur, whilst General Stoessel had
reported to the czar that the supply had been exhausted.
It is alleged that the Russian reports
were manipulated by charging departing craft of
their navy with taking aboard 2.000 or 3,000 tons
more than the actual amount.
At a meeting of the operators of the Kanawha
coal district, along the Kanawha & Michigan and

the Chesapeake & Ohio railroads, held in Colum
bus, O., steps toward an organization were taken.
A temporary organization, with R. C. Roach, oi'
the Kanawha Fuel Co., of Cincinnati, as chairman
was formed and the association will lie perfected
at another meeting.
Options on about 12,000 acres of coal in Ohio
county. West Virginia, held for some months by
H. B. Rearsall of Pittsburgh and his associates,
are announced to have been closed. The properties
include the Elmgrove Coal Co. and the Morehead
Coal Co. Their cost is about $1,000,000.
Some new developments of the properties will be
undertaken soon.
The case of the Dorris heirs versus the Morrisdale
Coal Co.. was decided by a jury at Clearfield.
Pa., recently, an award of $24,000 being given the
Dorris heirs. The trial was the longest in the
history of the county, consuming 12 entire days
and several night sessions. The suit was to recover
damages for alleged breaches of contract.
Most of the accidents to men, when they are
being lowered into mines, in the coal fields of the
middle west, are due to the engineer bumping the
cage too hard on the bottom and not to "overwinding"
when hoisting men to the surface. In
each case, the machinery should lie controlled by
an automatic cut-off on the engine.
In the orphans court at Greensburg, Pa., the
William Thaw estate recently presented a petition
asking leave to exchange 225 acres of coal
land in Mt. Pleasant township, to the H. C. Frick
Coke Co. for an equal acreage. The purpose of
the exchange is to facilitate mining operations.
The packers in Kansas City, Kan., do not show
eagerness to substitute natural gas at ten cents
for 1,000 cubic feet for coal at present prices. The
packers are using 40,000 tons of slack or steam
coal each month, and it is now delivered to them
at $1.10 to $1.25 a ton.
The success of gathering locomotives in the D.
L. & W. mines will doubtless lead to their adoption
at other collieries. Their operation, however.
will be limited to workings having comparatively
little pitch, and also where large quantities of
gas are not found.
The coal mines along the line of the Wheeling
& Lake Erie road have been doing well for the
past few weeks. The outlook for tne immediate
future is for steady work for the men. A good
deal of coal is now being shipped for the northwest
in box cars.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
J. S. Wylie, president of the Marquette Third
Vein Coal Co., of Davenport. Ia., has gone into
bankruptcy, on account of signing accommodation
pa pei- for his old partner, C. J. Devlin. He schedules
his assets at $100,000 and his liabilities Ht
$331,000.
The executive committee of the Iowa Coal
Operators Association have called a meeting at
the Savory Hotel, Des Moines, la., October 10 to
consider the advisability of sending delegates to
the meeting of operatois in Chicago, November 22.
The St. Louis & San Francisco railroad will
hereafter furnish coal to the Southern Pacific instead
of the Missouri, Kansas & Texas. This coal
will come from the Indian Territory and will be
delivered at both Denison and Sherman, Tex.
The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe railroad has
asked the railroad commission of Kansas to reduce
the freight rates on coal to various parts af
the state. Other roads will undoubtedly meet
the cut of the Santa Fe.
James E. Roderick, chief of the bureau of mines
of Pennsylvania, is again calling attention to the
safety appliances on the carriages in slopes and
shafts and insisting upon a daily inspection of all
ropes in the collieries.
The expected increase in the price of coal at
the mine was not made at the recent meetings of
Indiana operators, who hesitated about increasing
the price for the second time within a month.
The Missouri Pacific railroad has followed the
lead of the Santa Fe, and reduced coal rates to
Kansas points, from the various mining districts
of the state.
MINES IN AND OUT OF RECENT
INDIANA CONSOLIDATIONS.
Commissioner P. H. Penna of the Indiana Bituminous
Coal Operators' Association has compiled
a list showing that 37 independent coal companies
which are members of the association yet remain
in the Indiana field, although the greater part of
these companies are small ones. When the combine
movement started there were 96 companies
represented in the coal operators' association, and
over half of these have now been merged into the
various big companies. There are some companies
operating in the bituminous field that are
not members of the operators' association.

IS THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
j« CONSTRUCTION and DEVELOPMENT. «
A notable deal in eastern Kentucky and south­
western Virginia coal fields has just been closed
by northern and eastern capitalists headed by J.
Pierpont Morgan, and comprises 30,000 acres of
coal lands. The price paid was a little upward
of $400,000. The firm making the purchase is the
Great North American Coal Co. with headquarters
at New York City, of which Morgan is the head.
The bulk of the property purchased lies along
the Chesapeake & Ohio extension up the Big Sandy
river valley which is now being completed into
the heart of the Elkhorn coal fields in Letcher
county. The deal is reported to mean expenditures
of dollars in the seven figures.
Chartered under the laws of Maine the Weaver
Coal & Coke Co., with a capital of $1,000,000 paid
in, intends to start the largest coal and coke industry
in Tennessee near Crossville. Henry E.
Weaver of Chicago is president of the conipany.
J. C. Van Blarcom of St. Louis, vice-president.
and William Ramsey, Chicago, general manager.
Within two miles of Crossville the company will
erect a coke plant at a cost of $100,000. A line
of railroad seven miles long will be built from the
mines to Crossville. on the Tennessee Central railroad.
Senator Stephen B. Elkins of West Virginia
plans to erect 50 additional coke ovens at his
mine at Richard, W. Va. This increase, with an
additional 100 ovens at the Decker's Creek Coal
& Coke Co. plant near Dellslow. will make his
Morgantown & Kingwood railroad an important
coke line. The road will be extended at once
to Rowlesburg for connection with the Baltimore
& Ohio main line.
The Jed Coal & Coke Co.. with leases one and a
half miles above Welch, W. Va., on Tug river, is
soon to commence operation on a large scale.
This company was recently capitalized at $300,0on
W. A. Lathrop. former general superintendent of
the Lehigh Valley Coal Co., was the first
superintendent of what is now known as the Pocahontas
Collieries Co., at Pocahontas.
The Bessemer Coke Co. of Pittsburgh has purchased
the Mack coal lands, 100 acres near Masontown,
Pa., for $120,000, or $1,200 an acre, and
plans have been completed for the erection of a
coke plant at that place. Officials of the company
state that extensive improvements will also be
made at the works in the Connellsville region this
fall.
The United States Oil & Gas Co.. owning coal
mires in Logan county. W. Va., has closed a deal
for a valuable tract of land on the river front at
Huntington, W. Va., and will at once begin the
erection of gigantic coal tipples. A line of coal
boats will lie put in and $500,000 expended in the
work.
A contract for the construction of a coal dock
at Norway. Mich., of sufficient capacity to store
more than a year's supply of fuel at its mines, has
been awarded by the Antoine Ore Co., subsidiary
to the Republic Iron & Steel Co. The structure
will be 300 feet long and 20 feet high.
The Mack coal lands, 100 acres near Masontown,
Pa., have been sold to the Bessemer Coke Co., for
$120,000. Improvements are being made at the
company's Griffin works, adjoining this property.
The company is developing a 1,200-acre tract in
West Virginia.
The Baltimore & Ohio railroad will mai-ce im­
provements at the foot of Jackson street, Baltimore,
which will cost $350,000. Seven engine
shops are to be erected, and one immense coal
tipple. The coal tipple will be 25 feet wide and
537 feet long.
Improvements costing $50,000 are to be made
at Memphis by the West Kentucky Coal Co. Coal
sheds will be erected, and present elevator capacity
increased.
The High House Coal & Coke Co., Uniontown.
Pa., has voted to increase its capital from $30,000
to $75,000. and will build additional ovens.
Senator S. B. Elkins of West Virginia, has contracted
for 150 coke ovens at Richards and 100 at
Bretz. W. Va.
ANTHRACITE CERTIFICATE LAW HEAPING.
At the recent final hearing in New York before
Commissioner C. Wendt inquiring into the constitutionality
of the anthracite certificate law,
several witnesses were examined. Some Missouri
and Illinois miners testified that working condi­
tions were so similar in the soft and hard coal
fields that the law may not be necessary. The
commissioner will have his report ready for the
Pennsylvania court in November.
George L. Hibbs and Jasper Augustine, of Uniontown,
Pa., have sold 450 acres of coal land in
Greene county to a syndicate of Waynesburg, Pa.,
for $28,000.

CHANGE IN ILLINOIS MINING CONDITIONS
THROUGH PASSAGE O F THE SHOT­
FIRERS' BILL.
Mining conditions in Illinois have so changed
since the passage of the shot firers' bill, a short
time ago, that the coal operator is anything but
sure of his ground; not only the old schedule of
wages, but even the old system of mining the coal,
has been so demoralized that all is chaos, writes
M. L. Hyde from St. Louis to the Engineering and
Mining Journal. I make a few suggestions which
I trust will prove of interest; they mean an absolute
remedy against the expense of shot firing, t'he
main cause of the trouble now brewing.
My remedy is nothing more nor less than a
modern compressed air mining plant. The installation
of this* will effect these four material
benefits:
First—By undercutting the coal with a wedgeshape
cut (accomplished only with the air
puncher), any coal in Illinois can be easily brought
down with from one to two pounds of powder.
This does away with shot firers and the costs incidental
to the same. Just what those costs are.
it is hard to say; at least two cents a ton will be
required from the operator to pay his half, including
shot firers, engineer, fireman, fuel, oil
and the added depreciation on his boiler, hoisting
engine, cables and cages (all of which must run
half an extra shift every day). As an example,
take an average 900-ton mine, and with a plant
of the machinery mentioned above costing $7,000.
Figured on the basis of one shift a day, it would
ordinarily have a life of 15 years, a depreciation
of 7 per cent., or $400 a year. By working onehalf
extra shift, its life will be decreased to 10
years and the depreciation increased to 10 per
cent., amounting to an extra $210 a year, or 84c.
for each working day, to be added on the cost
sheet from shot firing. Summed up, the costs
will be as given herewith:
One-half cost of six shot firers at $4.00 $12.00
One engineer one-half shift 1.35
One fireman one-half shift 1.21
Two tons coal at 75c 1.50
Oil 35
Repairs 45
Added depreciation 84
Total $17.70
At $17.70 per day. the cost per year (of 250
days) would come to $4,425.
Now come the charges which no one can foresee,
extra costs due to shots not going off, and
leaving places that cannot be worked next day;
in small mines with but few working places this
is especially serious. One cannot blame the shot
firer for not caring to camp on the premises and
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
experimenting till he gets the shots all off. His
duty ends with nis honest attempt to make the
shot go; if it hangs, he can't and won't waste the
night on it. This results in a diminished output;
for all places not shot down when the shot firers
are in the mine mean just so many unworkable
places the next day, and so many idle and angry
miners. One mine (I bear in mind) has had its
output reduced from 1,400 to 800 tons a day, and
is absolutely unable to oring it up except by installing
mining machines, which it is now figuring
on. At this mine the relations between miner
and shot firer are anything but pleasant. Another
bad feature is that after the shot firer leaves, the
mine is so full of smoke it cannot be used for
several hours.
Summed up, the cost for the shot firers will not
be less than two cents, and may be ten, for every
ton mined. This would be saved by the system
of undercutting proposed above.
Second—There will be a saving of two or three
cents a ton out of the seven cents differential now
in force, inasmuch as the fixed charges on a machine
plant will hardly come to more than four
cents per ton at a liberal estimate. The chances
are tnat next year this differential will be increased
to at least ten cents a ton, meaning three
cents more profit for the mine with the machine.
The danger of its being decreased is small; for,
by the interstate agreement, we now have in Illinois
far the lowest of any of the states, in Ohio
and Pennsylvania the differential going up to 15c.
a ton.
Third—The lump coal will be increased at least
25 per cent, (meaning an average extra profit of
6c. on every ton, with lump selling at $1.10 and
screening at 60c.) over the present shooting off thesolid
system, giving an average of 55 per cent.
screening. Take a 100-ton plant on the solid
basis; it gets 45 tons lump at $1.10, and 55 tons
screening at 60c, or $82.50 for the 100 tons. Now,
by using a machine, there would result 56 VI tons
lump at $1.10 and 43 : ;', tons slack at 60c, or $88.12
for all, a saving of $5.62 (or nearly 6c a ton).
Fourth—The production per employe will be
increased 33% per cent.; this means a much
smaller force for a given output, often a big profit
in case of the thousand and one contingencies, any
of which are apt to arise on short notice at a coal
mine.
Now that I have stated the benefits one can
look for by the installation of machinery, I will
give an idea of what a plant costs and comprises.
Mining plants are figured on the basis of how
many mining machines are supplied for the required
output. For instance, you have an 8-foot
vein of coal in which a machine can cut 100 tons
per day. Suppose that one desires an output of
1,000 tons, or what is called a 10-machine plant.

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Ordinarily in Illinois a machine will cut from 60
to 120 tons a day. depending on the thickness
(running from 5 to 10 feet I and the character of
the coal.
As to cost, the estimates given herewith are
close enough to give an idea as to what an in­
stallation will amount to:
A 3-machine plant will cost $3,500
A 6-machine plant will cost 5,500
A 10-machine plant will cost 8,000
A 15-machine plant will cost 12.000
A 20-machine plant will cost 14,000
The prices include a horizontal return tubular
boiler for the small plants, or a battery of two
boilers with the large, a straight-line air com­
pressor (capable of running the given number of
machines), two air receivers (one large for stor­
age, and one small to trap the moisture from the
air in the mine), the required number of mining
machines, pump for water-jacket circulation, and
a complete pipe system, including main, branch
and room pipe with all fittings. All freight, labor
and foundation material are likewise included.
ELECTRIC LIGHTS AND COAL DUST.
At a recent meeting of the Manchester I England )
geological and mining society, H. M. inspector
of mines Hall called attention to Mr. Holliday's
paper read before the North of England Institute
of Mining and Mechanical Engineers, with reference
to the ignition of coal dust by electric lamps.
Mr. Holliday had had a fire in his colliery, with
which he suspected the electric lights had some
connection. This led him to make experiments
which confirmed his suspicions. Mr. hall said:
It has usually been held that electric lamps give
off very little heat, and that they may be placed
almost anywhere with safety. This impression
Mr. Holliday declares, he has proved to be quite
erroneous. He shows there is considerable danger
from fire, and also from the exposure for an
instant of an open light when the lamp bursts. I
have repeated Mr. Holliday's experiments, and
the results bear out entirely what he has stated.
I found that when a 16-candle lamp rested on coal
dust, either uncovered or partially covered, heat
was generated very rapidly. In one case, with a
slight covering of dust, the temperature rose in
ten minutes to 370° F., and in 4 minutes the
lamp exploded at a temperature of 450°. The
highest temperature registered was 650°. In two
out of three experiments, the coal dust was found
to be red hot on poking into the dust, although
the lamp (the apparent source of heat) had been
removed some time. The interesting part of these
experiments seems to be that when the heat has
been raised to a certain temperature, spontaneous
combustion begins to operate, and the temperature
goes on increasing till fire is reached (although
the lamp has been removed). These phenomena
show that unless care is used in the placing of
electric lights underground there will be danger
of underground fires, and some danger of fire­
damp being ignited by the explosion of a lamp.
The experiments will be carried further, with the
view of finding what is the temperature at which
coal dust will begin to develop spontaneous com­
bustion.
Man Put His Foot In It 10,000 Years Ago.
The first human imprint ever found in anthra­
cite eoal was discovered by Michael Sincavage, a
miner at the Eagle Hill colliery recently, the
print being that of a man's foot. Fossils of
snakes, ferns, etc., have been plentiful, but this
is the first evidence that prehistoric man was in
existence in this country during the formation of
the coal beds. The imprint, it is estimated, must
have been made 10,000 years ago. Sincavage, not
appreciating the value of his find, dumped it in an
ordinary coal wagon after he had shown it to
fellow-miners.
RECENT COAL TRADE PATENTS.
The following recently granted patents of in­
terest to the coal trade, are reported expressly for
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN, by J. M. Nesbit, patent
attorney, Park building, Pittsburgh, Pa., from
whom printed copies may be procured for 15
cents each:
382.
Mining car, R. R. Hopkins, Oskaloosa, la.; 799,-
Hydrodynamic pump for bore holes and the like.
Waclaw Wolski, Lemberg, Austria-Hungary; 799,-
428.
Process of mining sulphur, also apparatus for
mining sulphur (2). Herman Frasch, New York;
799,642 and 800,127.
Drill for mining purposes, James Tonge, Jr.,
' Vesthoughton, near Bolton, England; 799,880.
Wick for miner's lamp, W. A. Wilson, Murphys­
boro. 111.; 800,041.
At Baltimore recently the Middlecreek, Shamrock
and South Side Coal companies were absorbed
by the Southern Coal Co.. all of Somerset county.
Pa. The Southern Coal Co. is now capitalized at
$300,000. The officers of the company are Frank
Ehlen, president; Benjamin H. Read, treasurer,
and Harvey M. Berkley, secretary. A mortgage to
protect a bond issue of $200,000 has been recorded.

EXPLOSIONS AT RUSH RUN AND RED ASH
MINES, FAYETTE COUNTY, W. VA.,
By Chief Mine inspector James W. Paul.
On Saturday night, March 18, 1905, at 9.15
o'clock, a violent explosion extended throughout
the area of the Rush Run and Red Ash mines
operated by the New River Smokeless Coal Co..
at Rush Run, Fayette county, W. Va., and caused
the loss of 13 lives—eight in Rush Run and five in
Red Ash, and doing much damage to property.
Again, at 4 o'clock on the morning of March 19,
1905, a second explosion occurred which caused the
death of 11 persons who were then engaged in reestablishing
the ventilation within the Rush Run
mine.
The territory developed by the two mines embraces
an area of about 1% square miles, the main
heading of Rush Run extending 5,100 feet, and of
Red Ash 4.200 feet under the mountain. The
Rush Run and Red Ash mines each have drift
openings about 350 feet above the level of the
railroad and operate in the Fire Creek, or Quinnimont,
coal bed. At two places these mines have
a connection and their main openings are distant
4,450 feet. The main headings of each mine are
driven to the due north and the cross headings in
general are driven to the east and west. The
plan of operation has been the triple and the
double-entry systems with rooms turned to right
and left from the cross entries. In the Rush Run
mine from the ninth cross the main double entries
have been converted into three pairs of
double entries, or six parallel entries, which extend
to a point beyond the 11th cross, the limits
of the present advance work of the mine. On the
20th of March after the second explosion the first
shift of men entered the mine at 4.30 a. m.
Tbe first explosion was of the greater violence
and its force destroyed all of the wooden brattices
and demolished the majority of the masonry brattices
within the two mines. The force at the
mouth of the Rush Run mine tore up some of the
track, destroyed the drum house, set fire to and
consumed a repair shop and two shacks, set fire
to the roof of the fan house, and underbrush and
trees above the mine, which fire extended into
the country a distance of nearly a mile; blew the
hoisting drum and its supporting timbers, a weight
of 15 tons, down the incline a distance of 500 feet;
the approach to the fan was blown open and the
cover on an old air shaft was blown off. The fan
was not injured, but was stopped by reason of
the electric wires, which furnish the motive power,
being torn away.
At tbe mouth of the Red Ash mine nearly all
the timbers were blown out of the entrance for
a distance of 100 feet; the drum house was de­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
stroyed and the track was torn up and timbers
broken over the drum. (At this mine the drum
is placed below the track at the top of the incline).
A shaft of flame came out of each mine
which illuminated the heavens and was seen by
some ten miles distant and the earth was felt to
jar over a radius of two miles on the south side
of the New River.
All indications were that the greatest violence
of the explosive force had been along the main
heaBing of the Rush Run mine and that the dust
within the mine had exploded. One of the two
explosions in the Rush Run mine had set fire
to the coal and gob in the second left heading
which retarded the work of exploring the mine.
Along the main heading, timbers lying on the
floor of the mine were found smouldering and
when the fresh air reached them they became
inflamed and were the source of danger to the
exploration party until extinguished or carried out.
Along the main heading and several of the
cross headings and rooms was found a great
quantity of very fine coal dust uniformly distributed
over the floor and at some places the
dust had accumulated in a form resembling sand
bars in a stream and at some places it was eight
inches deep. In all sections of the mine the dust
was found to have been charred upon the sides
of the entries but only in isolated patches.
That dust was the cause of the destructive effect
of the explosion there is no doubt. Had there
been no dust within the mine, or had it been thoroughly
watered down, the explosion within the
mine would have been local and without the unnecessary
loss of life. Considerable of the mining
here was done by contract. The contractor,
generally, had certain places within the mine and
employed a number of helpers who assisted in
cutting, shooting and loading the coal. When
there was a good run at the mine a part of these
employes would often work at night loading coal
and at times cutting the coal with the machines.
In reference to the ventilation within these
mines and to the removal of gas the company had
installed two 11-foot Capell fans, one at each of
the mines, and nad built a line of masonry stopping
in the breakthroughs between the intake and
return air currents. There was regularly employed
a competent and careful fire boss who had
the reputation of giving his duties faithful and
efficient attention.
(Mr. Paul attaches copy of fire boss' report for
March 17 showing everything O. K. in the mine).
The evidence was conclusive that the ventilation
of the mines had been as near perfect as possible
and above the requirements of law; that the mines
were equipped with modern ventilating fans and
that they were properly attended and kept running

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
at all times while the mine was in operation or
while men were within the mines.
No regular flre boss was employed for night
duty, to examine and report on the outside of the
mine its condtion as is required by law, but there
had been employed a person whose duty it was,
after the men had come out of the mine in the
evening, to go through the mine and examine all
working places to determine if any fire had resulted
from the firing of the shots, and to report
any dangerous conditions found. Hollie Jarrett,
who was performing this duty, lost his life on the
ninth right air-course in the first explosion. A. C.
Young, who came out of the mine at 8 o'clock p. m.
on the night of the explosion, had been working
on the 11th right entry and air-course and just
before coming out had put off six blasts in the coal
and had gone back and examined, the places after
they had been discharged, and found no gas.
In Rush Run gas was known to exist on the 11th
left, the face of the main headings, and on the
9th right. After the air current had been reestablished
no gas could be found anywhere within
the mine with the use of a safety lamp. The 11th
left heading had remained without a current of
air from the time of the explosion until the 31st
day of March when the writer took a sample of
the air within a rubber bag and gave it a test
with a Shaw gas testing machine and found it to
contain 2 per cent, explosive gas. This is a quantity
ten times less than can be detected with the
common safety lamp and is not a dangerous quantity
within itself, since it requires 5iL> per cent.
of the gas with air to form an explosive mixture.
The mines having been in operation on the day
of the 18th of March, and the men working in the
mine on that night having worked for some time
that night in those places where gas had been
previously reported, and the conditions of the ventilation
having been good at those places as late
as 6 o'clock on the evening of the 18th, as reported
under oath of persons who had worked within the
mine on the 18th, it devolved upon us to look elsewhere
for evidence as to the primary cause or
point of ignition of the explosion.
Andrew Weir had taken into the mine 20 sticks
of dynamite but this seems to have had no part in
the explosion other than to have oeen consumed
by burning. Two full sticks were found and
pieces of burned wrappers of the other sticks and
the sack in which this dynamite was carried was
found under the two sticks and it was charred
and partially consumed.
It had been Weir's intention to lilast a large
piece of roof rock whicli had fallen across the 11th
left heading at the No. 1 room, but no evidence
was found that indicated that any dynamite had
been used on the fallen stone. The writer found
lying on this stone a glove which could not have
remained there had a charge of dynamite been exploded.
Weir and Percy Wood were found on the
left main intake airway at the mouth of the 11th
left entry, Weir within 30 inches of the two sticks
of dynamite. Weir was a contract miner and
worked on the 11th left.
The dust on the floor of the mine could be
easily detected but it is not on the floor of the
mine where all the dangerous dust is to be found.
The dust within this mine becomes exceedingly
fine and impalpable and collects on the sides and
projections along all the headings and rooms. It
is this form of dust and its position that makes the
mine dangerous, and the shoveling up of the dust
on the roadways only adds to the volume of this
fine dust which floats away in fhe air current to
find a lodging place elsewhere within the mine.
The sprinkling or wetting of this dust before
removal would be very beneficial.
As the liability of dust to explode depends upon
its degree of dryness and as this in turn is governed
largely by the temperature and humidity of
the air entering a mine, the danger point from
this source could only be determined by observations
made upon the atmosphere of the mine with
an instrument such as an hygrometer which enables
the percentage of moisture within the air to
be determined. However, during the warm
months of the year the moisture within the mine
may be observed by the presence of drops of water
clinging to the roof, due to what miners term
"sweating."
A month after the explosion the writer took observations
with a hygrometer within the Rush Run
mine and found the humidity of the air to be
variable in different parts of the mine, and that
standing bodies of water within the mine addea
moisture to the air current. The condition of
the mine, being very dry due to improper facilities
for sprinkling with water, with respect to dust,
was such as to be dangerous from a blown-out
shot or a blast of dynamite.
It was the practice within this mine to haul
water through the mine in a water ear
and with the use of a pail scatter the
water on the floor of the mine at irregular intervals
and at such times as was convenient to the
person employed for that purpose, and as this employe
had other duties to perform it is evident that
the work of allaying the dust with water was with
him a secondary consideration.
(To BE CONTINUED).
It is stated by a German mine inspector that
milk of lime proves very effective in extinguishing
mine fires. The emulsion, which can be
used with either hand or power pumps, runs into
and fills the crevices of the coal or mineral.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
REMBRANDT PEALE, PRESIDENT. JNO. W. PEALE, GENL MANAGER.
J. H. LUMLEY, TREASURER.
No. J BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N. Y.
•

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
©16 Colony Coal & Cofee Co.
1kev>stone Butlbtna, pittsburgb, |pa.
ligonier Steam Coal
flDounMk x)a„ JB. & ©. 1R. IR.
PURITAN COAL MINING CO.,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
PURITAN AND CRESCENT J
BITUMINOU5 QOALS,
STINKMAN COAL MINING COMPANY,
SOUTH FORK COALS.
OFFICES. j
26 South 15th Street, No. 1 Broadway,
PHILADELPHIA. NEW YORK.
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
FAMOUS
TT
SOUTH IORK, "'ARG I L E " PENNSYLVANIA.
SMOKELESS
O A
SMOKELESS
C rs A V

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
X3 J- L. SPANGLER, JOS. H. REILLY, JOS. B. CAMPBELL
PRESIDENT. V. PREST. AL TREAS.
ui
SECRET*RY.
Duncan=Spangler Coal Company,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
"BLUBAKER" and "DELTA"
BITUMINOUS COAL,
AN A-No. 1 ROLLING MILL COAL.
FIRST-CLASS FOR STEAM USES.
OFFICES:
1414 SO. PENN SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA. No. 1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK
[0 SPANGLER, CAMBRIA COUNTY, PA
r*~ IA
ACME COAL MINING CO.
GREENSBURG, PA.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
CELEBRATED
ACME AND AVONDALE
HIGH GRADE
STEAM COALS.
MINES, BIMERSBURG AND SHANNON STATION, PA.
SLIGO BRANCH B. & A. V. DIVISION OP P. B. B.
SALES AGENT:
H. J. HUNTSINGER, 'gggSSR* BUFFALO, N. Y.
./I AJ

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
' • • ^ • " ~ - ^ — ^ — ^ — * • — • • — • • ^ — - — • • — • • - — - — - -— ^. - * • — — • -•
• • — • • • — • • • — . — . . — . . — . . — . . — . . . * — '-.* — . ~ , * ~ . * * ^ , |
Atlantic Crushed Coke Co.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
LATROBE STEAM COAL
COKE.
IENERAL OFFICES :
CONNELLSVILLE .LSVILLE
FURNACE
FOUNDRY
CRUSHED
GREENSBURG, PA.
n»>»»»l
•000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000f000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000j
I
LATROBE, PA.
LIQONIER COAL COMPANY,
| fJlGH (^RADE^TEaM @\L j
e©NNELLSYILLE 6©KE.
""""""*aaaaaaaaaaaa00aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa0
United Goal Company
& of Pittsburgh-Penna «*
MINES ON MONONGAHELA RIVER, SECOND POOL; PITTSBURGH &. LAKE ERIE
RAILROAD; BALTIMORE &. OHIO RAILROAD AND PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD.
BanK For Savings Building,
New York Office. PITTSBURGH, PA.
Whitehall Building.
General Offices:
Westmoreland Gas Coal
Youghiogheny Gas &SteamCoal
Philadelphia Office:
Pennsylvania Building.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
IHfTITITIfTITTTTITTIIffTIITfTITTITIfTITlTTITrTTflfTTfTTTTITITTfflfTTTfllTTITIfrTTIIffTfTIITTTfTITTTTTTlTTTTTTTTITTTTITTIITTfTITITTfTTTlTITTfTIIITTTTT'TTIffTrTflTlTfTTfTlfflfTTfTTTIffTTTTTflTTTTTTfTTTTfTfTTfTi
BEORQE I. WHITNEY. PRESIDENT. A. C. KNOX. TREASURER. 1
HOSTETTER CONNELLSVILLE COKE COMPANY
HIGHEST GRADE
CONNELLSVILLE COKE
FURNACE AND FOUNDRY ORDERS SOLICITED.
FricK Building',
r BELL TELEPHONE. 696 COURT. '^^.^PITTSBUIvGn, I'A. §
APPOLLO COAL CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
APOLLO HIGH GRADE STEAM COAL
AND
JOHNSTOWN MILLER VEIN
COAL. GENERAL OFFICES: GREENSBURG, PA.
J. P. MURPHY, President. W. L. DIXON, Vice-President and General Manager. JAS. J. FLANNERY, Treasurer.
MEAD0# LANDS COAL GO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
PITTSBURGH COAL.
Mines at Meadow Lands,
On the Panhandle Railway.
DAILY CAPACITY 1,000 TONS.
GENERAL OFFICES:
Farmers Bank Bldg., 5th Ave. & Wood St.,
PITTSBURGH, PA.

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
EMPIRE COAL MINING CO.
BELLAIRE, OHIO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
Famous Empire No. 8 Coal.
CAPACITY 3,000 TONS DAILY.
MINES LOCATED ON
C. d. P. R. R., B. & O. R. R. AND OHIO RIVER.
COMMUNICATIONS SHOULD BE SENT TO J. H. SANFORD, MANAGER, BELLAIRE, OHIO.
J « L
Greenwich Coal & Coke Co.,
Mines: CAMBRIA AND INDIANA COUNTIES.
Miners and Shippers of
"Greenwich"
Bituminous Coal.
Celebrated for
STEAM AND BI-PRODUCT PURPOSES.
GENERAL OFFICE :
Latrobe, Penna.
r

mOhe
COAL TRADE BULLETIN^
Vol. XIII. PITTSBURGH, PA., OCTOBER 16, 1905. No. 10.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN:
PUBLISHED TWICE A MONTH.
Copyrighted by THE COAL TRADE COMPANY, 1905.
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STBAUB, Managing Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION, - - - - $2.00 A YEAR.
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THK COAL TRADE COMPANY.
926-930 PARK BUILDINO, PITTSBURGH, PA.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh, Pa., as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
Mn. F. L. ROBBINS, PRESIDENT of the Pittsburgh
Coal Co.. addressing those present at the recent
dinner given by the Merchants & Manufacturers
Association in Pittsburgh, defined succinctly his
attitude on the relationship of employer and em­
ployed. The address is printed in full in this
issue. Mr. Robbins has talked on the topic before
but this address is of special interest because of
the thorough and comprehensive manner in which
the subject was handled before an audience of
employers. These utterances, coming from a man
whose interests employ upward of 70,000 men,
demand consideration. They held in rapt atten­
tion many men of affairs, men who in their busy
career have never thought on the subject in any
such lines as Mr. Robbins drew'. These men were
more than interested. Some of them expressed
with enthusiasm the strong and satisfying impres­
sion made upon them. It was said by some that
Mr. Robbins had presented the labor and capital
question in such convincing manner mat his atti­
tude must never be lost sight of even if not ac­ purpose to organize for a wage redueuon. Mr.
cepted. He declared conviction in the right of
capital and labor to organize within tne law to
deal as organized bodies with each other; dis­
claimed firmly that compulsory arbitration could
solve the issue and declared for compulsory edu­
cation. The trade wage agreement he endorsed,
standing back of it as a man who leads the coal
operators of the interstate bituminous fields in
such agreements with the miners. He backed his
statements with facts and figures on the satis­
factory working of the co-operative and profit-
sharing system of the Pittsburgh Coal Co. in addi­
tion to the patent success up to this time of the
interstate wage agreement. If Mr. Robbins is not
proven right in decades to come, his declarations
must at least lie given serious consideration. They
were by his listeners on October 10.
* * •
MR. JOHN P. REESE, WHO IS MUCH INTERESTED in
closer co-operation of bituminous producing in­
terests, has issued an open letter discrediting
statements made in the press that the proposed
conference of operators at Chicago, November 22,
purposes to make a stand on the wage question.
He rightly declares that such a conference, in­
cluding representatives of fields outside of the
territory of the interstate fields of Western Penn­
sylvania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, could not
fix a wage scale platform for the latter. That is
their own affair and no outside interests were
ever consulted in past conferences and will not be
now unless the improbable step of broadening the
territory is taken. Mr. Reese, whose letter ap­
pears elsewhere in this issue, is in error when
he indicates that Mr. Robbins of the Pittsburgh
Coal Co. had declared the purpose of his com­
pany not to be represented because of an alleged
Robbins has been misquoted in anything which

26 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
could be fairly so construed. lie has simply de­
clared that his interests will have none of any
meeting which may attempt to fix the operators'
wage stand in advance of the joint interstate con­
ference of mineis and operators next year, his
very commendable reason being that it is im­
portant that both sides go uninstructed to the con­
ference so as to avoid such deadlocks as at the
conference of 1904, it lieing unfair for the opera­
tors to establish a wage stand and expect the
miners to meet them uninstructed. Whilst erro­
neous newspaper inferences on the Chicago con­
ference have developed a tempest in a teapot, Mr.
Reese's letter is reproduced in full liecause it
serves to put down some mistaken impressions.
* * *
LAXITY WHICH PERVADES MODERN BUSINESS is
brought out forcibly liy the $101,000 theft of a
trusted employe of a big express company.
It seems strange that in the light of the history
of such crimes business men take so many
chances, both on one man and upon the people at
large. They are quick to shut down upon an
old customer whose credit is shaky. They rob
themselves of rest and pleasure thinking out
small savings and retrenchments, and ofttimes
go to the utmost extremes to safeguard the dollar
on its best-protected side. On the other hand, a
sum equal to a year's earnings is entrusted to
one or two men to transport through unsettled
country to a pay office; similar sums are left in
the custody and control of individuals whose sup­
posedly incorruptible honesty is the only protec­
tion; and again fortunes in cash beyond the abil­
ity of 98 per cent, of all the men in the world to
acquire in a lifetime are fearlessly entrusted to
the common carriers. It is said that every man
has his price, however high, or of whatever na­
ture. .The lave-oX.money is inherent. Men risk
their lives to acquire small sums. Is it then to
be wondered at that the opportunity occasionally
proves too much for individual morality? The
lesson is plain. There should be suincient for­
mality in connection with the transfer of money
and portable property of great value to make it
impossible for one man or two men to steal it, and
the transmission liy any available means of an
amount of money or valuables equal to or exceed­
ing the average private fortune should lie a matter
of sufficient importance to warrant an arineu
guard capable of furnishing adequate protection.
* * *
FURNACE COKE is REPORTED SELLING FKEKI.Y for
next year's delivery al $2.50 to $2.00 tne ton. This
is appreciably better than current quotations.
Coke underlies the great iron and steel industry
and the strength of prices for future delivery is
indicative of conditions and promise in that line
of trade. When iron and steel are prosperous
the country is prosperous. It is enough said.
• LONG WALL BRUSHINGS. •
"I am not very familiar with electrical matters
and their technique, and as I am not sensitive
about learning, don't be afraid to go ahead and
explain anything." remarked Judge Buffington,
with a smile at the attorneys in the United States
court, Pittsburgh, recently. The case was that
of the General Electric Co. vs. the Garrett Coal
Co. for alleged infringement on patents. The
attorney for the Electric Co. was starting his ar­
gument and before long was winding his argument
through a labyrinth of electrical terms in which
amperes, ohms, volts, multiple, series and similar
words were comparatively common.
The newspapers of Wales have not yet ceased
to discuss the bad features connected with the sale
of the coal mines of Great Britain and Ireland to
German capitalists. One of the newspapers as­
serts that coal mines are even more important to
the British empire than navy yards, and that the
next thing that may be expected is the announcement
that the admiralty has disposed of the navy
yards to the German government.
— o —
Fuel. Chicago, says: "The able editorial writer
who cannot evolve something on the coal strike
just now would lose his job. So he tnunders, and
that is about all that he can do—just thunders."
— o —
Over in Massachusetts they think they may make
good with peat, and yet there is no special scar­
city in coal—coal, not cars, regardless of the suggestion
of the jingle.
— o —
Betimes all the world is at peace on the coal
question, regardless of newspaper furore. Hope
it keeps up "till forbid" after April 1.
Pittsburgh produces a man who walked away
witli $100,000 in currency. Good thing it wasn't
in coal!

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 27
RELATIONS BETWEEN EMPLOYER AND EMPLOYED DISCUSSED
BY MR. F. L. ROBBINS.*
In this greatest workshop of the world there is
no subject in which we are more vitally interested
than in the relations existing between the employer
and the employed.
The people of this community, taking Pittsburgh
as the center, and including the Monongahela,
East Liberty, Chartiers, Beaver and alahoning
valleys and the Connellsville coking field, are
dominant in the manufacturing, coal mining and
coke producing industries of this country, and
must assume the responsibility, whether they duesire
it or not. of setting the pace for the whole
eountry by their treatment of each other in their
relative positions of employer and employe.
When your committee invited me to speak to
you and asked me to choose my subject, I felt that
as an employer speaking to a body composed of
employers I should like to present some thoughts
on this subject so near my heart, and one in which
we are all so deeply concerned.
The interests represented by capital and labor
are reciprocal, and I Delieve each has an equal
right to organize, subject to the laws of the United
States. Combinations whose values are equal to
capitalization, their acts open to government inspection,
their results made public by published
yearly statements, managed by fair-minded conservative
men, are of benefit to their employes and
the public at large.
Labor unions founded upon right principles.
under the leadership of honest, conservative officers,
are necessary for the protection of employes,
and often an aid to the employer who is willing
to pay just wages and establish fair conditions.
but is hampered by employers who are not.
Every now and then yon hear a man say I am
going to run my own business and not be dictated
to by my employes, and as like as not he is asso
ciated with his competitors in an organization or
pool where the majority makes the prices at
which he sells his commodity or restricts his
product. His position is thoroughly inconsistent,
and you cannot successfully deal with labor and be
inconsistent. Fair treatment from both sides.
recognition of each other's natural rights and absolute
adherence to contracts are essential. It
is only through such means that prejudice and
opposition will give way and confidence between
employer and employe can be established. Labor
cannot be enslaved, neither can capital be intimidated
without conflict and loss to each.
•President F. L. Robbins of the Pittsburgh Coal Co., spoke on
this topic at the dinner, October HI, given by the Merchants and
Manufacturers Association, at Pittsburgh Country Club. Ihe
speech is given herewith in its entirety.
Mutual agreements are much better than compulsory
laws or arbitration, and more satisfactory
to both the employer and employe, but if capital
and labor do not unite in making joint trade agreements
a successful method of settling wage question,
compulsory laws will become a necessity.
Sympathetic strikes are an abomination and a
menace to organized labor, and national lalior
leaders are opposed to them. They should be
fought by employers and employes and frowned
upon by the public.
In the interstate agreement of bituminous
operators and miners, which is such a conspicuous
example of joint trade agreement as affecting the
greatest number of people, it is expressly agreed
that no sympathetic strike shall be permitted,
and experience has shown us that a wage agreement
is regarded by the miners as binding and
must be observed during the term of contract. All
labor organizations should do the same.
My experience with labor leaders is that responsibility
tends toward conservatism, and I have
never known a successful labor leader who did not
become more conservative as his experience and
responsibility increased. Experience and reason
teach them that labor's best interests lie in harmonious
relations with capital, and that they
must control, direct and guide their less intelligent
fellow men into such relationship wherever
it is possible.
It is the duty of employers to become personally
familiar with trade conditions, and not dele
gate to others their responsibilities in the matter
of establishing wages and conditions under which
the labor is performed. Too often employers
trust the establishing of wages entirely to subordinates
whose recommendations are accepted
without personal investigation.
In the Pittsburgh Coal Co. we have endeavored
to show our interest in the welfare of our employes
in a practical manner. Shortly after our
organization we inaugurated a method to enable
the employes to share in the profits. We formed
an Employes' Association through winch the employes
could purchase the preferred stock of the
company by the payment of one dollar per share
per month, the company carrying the loan at five
per cent, interest. This plan has been the means
of permitting a great many of the company's employes
to make saving that otherwise they would
not have made. The plan has interested them
also in the success OL tne company, and its direct
benefits are shown in the friendly feeling existing
between the officials of the company and its em-

28
ployes. The statement has been made that this
friendly feeling was endangered in the recent temporary
passing of the dividend. There never was
a particle of truth in this statement, because any
dissatisfied employe is entitled to receive his
money with five per cent, interest in place of the
stock.
That the employes appreciate the opportunity
offered through the Employes' Association ami
have confidence in the future of the conipany is
evidenced by the fact that the temporary suspen-
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
month, and the contracts in the new series so
greatly exceed the contracts matured and the com
tracts canceled to date that there are upwards of
14,000 shares contracted for at this time. Employes
are given the greatest freedom as to the
number of shares that they may pay for in this
wav and as to withdrawals. They may cancel
their contracts at any time upon thirty days'
notice and receive back all of the money paid in
plus interest at the rate of five per cent, per
annum.
mm^C ^/iy^^f
sion of our preferred dividend has not materially
reduced the total of shares under contract for
delivery to them upon which they make monthly
payments of one dollar per share. A year ago
this total number of shares of Pittsburgh Coal Co.
preferred stock contracted for by the employes
was about 8,300. of which 2,623 have since been
delivered to them in the closing up of the first
thirteen series of purchase contracts. Under the
plan a new series is started on the first of each
In addition to the 2,623 shares already acquired
by the employes through the association on payments
of $1.00 per month per share, there have
been not less than 4,000 shares purchased outright
by employes through the association.
We also inaugurated a death and accident association,
with a lodge at each mine, the expense
of which is in part borne by the company. We
also established an old age pension fund, to which
the company contributes aid and co-operation.

The organization of the lodges sharing in the
death and accident and the pension benems is
voluntary at each mine. No loage is organized
until the majority of the operatives of the mine
agree to be governed by the general by-laws
adopted at a convention at which each of the
company's mines was represented by delegates
elected by the employes at such mines. The
treasurer of the Employes' Association is treasurer
of each of the lodges. All disbursements
therefore are made from the company's general
office by the treasurer of the Employes' Association.
The benefits are graded in seven classes,
ranging from $150.00 for a fatal accident while
at work, of which the company directly contributes
one-half, down to benefits of $5.00 per week
for minor accidents.
From the organization of the relief work of the
Employes' Association to September 30 of this
year, was distributed in benefits among the families
of the employes a total of $250,000.00.
The pension fund received at the start a contribution
of $10,000.00 from the conipany, and is
being built up by joint monthly payments from
the employes and the company. All expenses of
the association are paid by the company, amounting
to about $10,000.00 annually.
We regard our plan of profit sharing, of accident
insurance, and of pensions, as a practical
and satisfactory solution of the problem which
arises with the present tendency to concentrate the
control of the management of business in large
corporations. In this process there is a constant
increase in the percentage of those whose only
interest in the business is their daily, weekly or
monthly wage allowance. This tends to widen
the separation of the employer and the employe
without some such reuniting factor as the Employes'
Association of the Pittsburgh Coal Co.
More than any other industry, coal mining is
of local benefit, and a necessity in this community.
The price of a ton of coal delivered in this city
is almost entirely made up of wages paid for
labor, supplies and transportation. In turn the
money so received is again paid out in this vicinity
and contributes to the general welfare of the
entire community. The consumer is directly interested
in the cost of the coal because it enters
into his cost of operation, or into his living expenses,
and he is also interested in seeing that
fair wage agreements are made between the operator
and the miner, so that his business will not
suffer by reason of a strike or lockout which
will in turn compel him to close down for lack
of fuel. The merchants are interested because
the mines and miners are large consumers when
working, and the farmers for the same reason.
The railroads are interested because of the large
tonnage they receive for transportation and on
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
account of their fuel supply. Therefore, the
public is directly interested in the matter of wage
agreements, and should act as an impartial jury
in case of any disagreement between the employer
and employe.
"With public sentiment," said Abraham Lincoln,
nothing can fail. "Without it nothing can hope
to succeed." If we accept this statement as true.
then we should not depend solely upon the public
press for our information, but there should be
some method of education where all sides are
represented and free discussion permitted. This
was the purpose in the founding of the National
Civic Federation of Labor. It is composed of
three classes, the public, the employer and the
employe, each having equal representation.. It i.s
not an arbitration board, in fact it would not act
as such if requested, but it is the means of bringing
representative men of all classes together,
and many differences have been adjusted through
its good offices. What good can come through a
National Civic Federation can in a less degree be
accomplished by a local organization. This association
could do the community no better service
than to inaugurate such a movement. It would
furnish a medium through which by debate, personal
contact and discussion, the employer, employe
and the representatives of the public can
meet and exchange views, and each become familiar
with the other's point of view. Human
nature is the same in all of us, and we are too
prone to confine ourselves to our own view-point.
To reach settlements, leaders must look at questions
from each otner's standpoints, as well as
from their own.
Such an organization also provides the machinery
through which overtures can be made to
both sides in a dispute and bring about a meeting
where differences can be adjusted when for obvious
reasons neither of the parties in conflict
would make advances to the other.
I believe compulsory arbitration to be impracticable,
and that it would be unsatisfactory in its
results. 1 am, however, in favor of compulsory
education, and I would make patriotism the keystone.
I would teach honor, respect, pride and
reverence for the flag, and that it floats over the
greatest nation on the earth and represents the
grandest form of government: that the right of
American citizenship which makes the capitalist
and laborer equal, places upon each the same obligation
to respect, maintain and support the law
of the land.
He who has acquired property is not a socialist.
Teach them that the right of citizenship is as
great a treasure and that he who has it is a
partner in a government which respects and protects
the rights and liberty of each citizen, and
that the humblest born may fill the highest posi-

30
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
tion in the land. Children brought up in this
atmosphere of reverence and patriotism will forget
the land of their father's birth and become
thorough Americans, and join with all patriotic
citizens in the proud acclaim, "Breathes there a
man with soul so dead who never to himself hath
said. This is my own, my native land." This is
the duty we owe to coming generations, but the
duties of the present are upon us also.
Let us do our duty as citizens by filling the
executive offices of tne government, our legisla-
BACK AGAIN.
Mr. W. Iv. Field, vioe president and treasurer of the New-
Pittsburgh Coal Co., has been up northwest where frostbites
are in sight, and incidentally gathered in some good
round contracts. When he got back to Columbus headquarters
it is said that the first thing he did was to get
into a conference with Mr. II. R. Beeson, the secretary
and auditor of the company, and Cartoonist Ireland, with
the above result. Back again ! Co'se. and we're all
suttenly glad to meet you wunst mo', ohl sport.
tive bodies and the courts with our ablest and
most patriotic men, and then give them our
hearty suport. Let us criticise less and praise
more. A patriot cannot be an oppressor, whether
he be a capitalist or a laborer.
Let us cultivate civic, state and national pride.
We have reason to be very proud of our beloved
country. Let us show it in our acts, words and
deeds.
CONTRACTS PLACED IN CONNECTION
WITH IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENT.
The W. G. Wilkins Co., civil and mining engineers,
Pittsburgh, has just placed contracts, covering
some important development enterprises in
West Virginia and Pennsylvania. For a 200 coke
oven plant at the mines of the Cascade Coal &
Coke Co., at Tyler, Clearfield county, Pa., the contract
was awarded to John R. Bennett of Fairmont.
W. Va.. and a contract for 1.000,000 coke
oven brick to be used at the same plant was given
to the Reese-Hammond Co. of Bolivar, Pa. The
coal washing plant for the Cascade Co., with capacity
of 750 tons a day, will be installed by Heyl &
Patterson Co., Pittsburgh. The Wilkins Co. has
also awarded contracts for 60 miners' houses for
the i\ew River & Pocahontas Consolidated Coal &
Coke Co. to be erected at the latter's new property,
Dry Fork, McDonald county, W. Va., by
Stevenson & Adams of Pittsburgh. Reagen &
Reagen of Uniontown were awarded the contract
for 160 coke ovens to be erected at the new works
of the Struthers Coal & Coke Co. near New Salem,
Pa. The above contracts aggregate aoout ^z95,-
000. The operations of the Strutners company
are to be of the most modern and economical
character, mine equipment and coking plant combined
involving an expenditure of upwards of
$300,000.
Consul Mahin, of Nottingham, reports the discovery
in England of new coal deposits. He says
that recent discoveries in that neighborhood have
added materially to the known quantity of coal
underlying British soil. Experimental sinking
operations have added another colliery to the
large number now being worked in that county.
The new deposit, reached at a depth of 544 yards,
now employs 240 men and is expected ere long
to yield 4,000 tons a day. In the near-by county
of Stafford, after several years of expensive and
apparently useless prospecting, a rich deposit has
been discovered and is now being developed which,
it is calculated, will yield about 4,000,000 tons of
good coal. The discovery is sufficiently important
to promise great possibilities for that district
and has led to railway extensions into localities
where transportation facilities were very meager.
There are indications that a valuable field of
ironstone lies at a greater depth than the coal
seam. Expert estimates that British coal supplies
will not be exhausted for several hundred
years appear to be fully sustained by deposits in
those parts.
The Reading's coal tonnage for September is
estimated at 5,000,000.

READING WILL DEVELOP EXTENSIVE
TRACT, HUSBANDED FOR THIRTY YEARS.
When the Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron
Co., 30 years ago, purchased the Reevesdale tract
in the Schuylkill valley, west of Tamaqua, admitted
to contain the richest and largest hard coal
deposits in the world, and Mr. Franklin B. Gowen,
its president, announced that the company would
"salt down" the veins until such a time as coal
could be mined at a greater profit than then, he
was subjected to a great deal of criticism. Many
of the stockholders took the stand that the company
had a great deal of money invested in the
tract, and that it should realize something on it.
But Mr. Gowen was firm, and time has shown that
his judgment was good. Since that day to this
the rich veins have been undisturbed. Now the
Reading company, feeling that the propitious time
that Mr. Gowen looked forward to has arrived, is
making preparations to open up the veins and erect
the largest coal-preparing plant in the world.
Drilling machines were placed in position last
week to test the veins preparatory to selecting the
location for a shaft. The drill holes will be put
down about 200 yards north of the old Stapleton
slope, and will cut the Primrose vein, 10 feet thick;
the big vein, 25 to 30'feet thick; the Skidmore, 9
to 13 feet thick, and the Buck Mountain, about 10
feet thick. The Reevesdale tract lies in the
Schuylkill valley, and is about four miles long.
What is known as "the basin," in which lie the
richest beds of hard coal in the world, is about
1,200 feet below the surface. Prior to 1873 a little
coal was taken out of the tract, but it was virtually
only the outer crust of the veins. It is expected
that the company will spend several million
dollars in developments during the next year. It
is estimated that when the work is completed about
5,000 tons of coal will be mined and shipped daily.
COMMISSIONER REESE O F IOWA OPERA­
TORS DISCUSSES PURPOSE OF MEETING
OF OPERATORS IN CHICAGO NEXT
MONTH.
Mr. John P. Reese, commissioner of the Iowa
Coal Operators' Association, has taken exceptions
to alleged inaccurate statements in the press on
the purposes of the Chicago conference of bituminous
coal operators November 22. He says in
an open letter from his headquarters at Albia,
Iowa, under date of October 3, addressed to the
editor of the National Labor Tribune, Pittsburgh:
"In your issue of September 21 I noted with a
great deal of pleasure that the operators of the
Pittsburgh district had decided to participate in
the Chicago meeting to be held on November 22,
and that the principal operator in your district,
Mr. Robbins, had denied the rumors that this
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
meeting was called for the purpose oi inaugurating
a fight on the United Mine Workers, and other
equally erroneous statements that had appeared
in the press regarding reductions, etc. But when
your issue of September 28 reached me, I was
greatly surprised to find your editorial entitled
"Hot Heads Among the Coal Operators," in which
the Chicago meeting is looked upon as a strike
meeting and I was especially surprised and disappointed
to learn that the leading operators of
the Pittsburgh district had decided that they
would not attend said meeting, and assigned as
their principal reason that it was because said
meeting was called for the purpose of demanding
a reduction at the next interstate joint conference.
There is so much difference in these two articles
that I can hardly realize that they were both
published in the same paper within seven days of
each other. Now I am not writing this letter for
the purpose of taking issue with anyone nor for
the purpose of criticising either article of the persons
quoted therein, but I feel compelled to make
a statement regarding the proposed meeting at
Chicago, for the reason that I, as a delegate to
fhe commissioners and secretaries' meeting in
Columbus was one of the parties who are responsible
for calling the Chicago meeting, and I wish
to state emphatically that the Chicago meeting is
not called for the purpose of organizing a fight
on the United Mine Workers, neither is it called
for the purpose of considering the question of a
reduction at the next interstate joint meeting.
"The purpose of the Chicago meeting is to consider
the advisability of forming a national association
of bituminous coal operators and for no
other purpose, any statements to the contrary
notwithstanding. If the readers of your paper
who are familiar with the bituminous coal industry
will stop and think a minute for themselves,
they will know that the Chicago meeting
is not called for the purpose of organizing a fight
on the United Mine Workers for the reason that
the people who called the Chicago convention are
nearly, if not all, men who believe in the principles
advocated by the United Mine Workers of
America, and they are all men who believe in the
trade agreement. Hence the statement that they
called a meeting for the purpose ot organizing a
fight on the United Mine Workers, is so absurd
that it does not need to be refuted to those persons
who are in close touch with the situation.
"The statement that the Chicago meeting was
called for the purpose of instructing the operators
who will attend the joint conference in Indianapolis,
is equally absurd when you stop to think
that the Chicago meeting will be attended by representatives
not of the four states of Ohio, Pennsylvania,
Indiana and Illinois, alone but from the
out-lying district as well; hence the majority of

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
the people who participate in the Chicago meeting
will not participate in the Indianapolis joint conference.
Under these conditions, whicli the editor
and those he has been quoting on tbe subject
know to be true, how would it be possible for the
Chicago meeting to issue iron-clad instructions that
would be binding on anyone at the Indianapolis
meeting? And speaking of iron-clad instructions,
who has an opportunity to better understand the
follies of sending delegates to a joint conference
under instructions, than the men who called the
Chicago meeting?
"In conclusion I desire to state that the Chicago
meeting was not called for the purpose of organizing
a fight on the United Mine Workers, nor for
the purpose of demanding a reduction at the next
joint conference to be held in Indianapolis, and
while the promoters of the Chicago meeting would
be very much pleased to see the operators of the
Pittsburgh district and all other bituminous districts
represented at said meeting, they recognize
the right of any district to refuse to participate.
But in justice to ourselves, we feel that when the
operators of any district decide to refuse the
invitation to attend, and feel called upon to assign
a reason therefor, that they should assign the real
reason and not cloud the issue by making it appear
that said meeting is called for a purpose other
than that stated in the call itself.
"All this strike talk growing out of tiie proposed
Chicago meeting reminds me of the dark
ages a few years ago when it was the custom for
the newspapers of the country to predict a miners'
strike every time they heard of a miners' meeting
being called. But at the present enlightened age
I hardly expected a call for a meeting of
operators who are already organized into associations
and working under trade agreements with
the miners' union to cause such a commotion in
the newspaper world as we have been treated to
as a result of the call for the Chicago meeting.
"Hoping the Chicago meeting will be judged by
what it does and not by what people say about it,
I remain,
"Yours for a 'Square Deal,'
"JOHN P. REESE."
Additional big coal land deals involving valuable
territory in the Pottsville, Pa., region have just
been made. Twelve tracts have just passed from
the Hazleton Coal Co. to the Lehigh Valley Coal
Co. The Guinea Hill and York Farm tracts,
bordering on Pottsville. are involved in tbe deals,
together with tracts in Kline township, Schuylkill
county; Hazle township, Luzerne county; Banks
township, Carbon county; Mount Carmel township,
Northumberland county; Conyngham township.
Columbia county, and several other adjoining districts.
ANTHRACITE COAL SHIPMENTS.
Tiie shipments of anthracite coal by the various
companies for the month of September were as
follows:
Companies. 1905.
Philadelphia & Reading 1,067,916
Lehigh Valley ' 861,916
Jersey Central 709,700
Delaware, Lackawanna & West. 772,506
Delaware & Hudson 422,789
Pennsylvania R. R 325,414
Erie 568,799
New York, Ontario & Western 218,980
Delaware. Susq. & SchuylKill. 134,599
1904.
733,838
649,092
55^,740
673,564
290,609
339,094
405,915
185,472
137,276
Totals 5,082,232 3,967,600
The shipments of anthracite coal by months for
four years have been as follows:
Month. 1902.
January, 4,538,138
February, 3,741,253
March, 3,818,767
April, 4,924,830
May. 1,708,892
June. 92,203
July. 259,079
August, 321,774
September, 445,883
October, 1,276,257
November 4,984,384
December 5,099,451
1903.
5.964,950
5.070,608
5,211,540
5,044,998
5,156.449
5,436,497
5,377,495
5,169,402
4,6b4,444
3,925,642
4,091,147
4,2o9,748
1904.
4,134,245
4,326,269
4,375,033
5,407,786
5,285,079
5,728,795
4,623,527
4.331,854
3,967,600
5,131,542
5,419,878
5,063.144
1905.
4,408,578
3,922,601
5,258,567
5,278,041
6,005,158
5,844,052
4,546,000
5,041,838
5,082,232
Total, 31,210,911 59,362,830 57,493,522 45.387,067
Ton/nage for nine months: 1902, 19.855,819;
1903. 47,086,293; 1904, 42.1S0.1J 1905, 45,387,067.
Very Low Fares to San Francisco and Los Angeles
and Return Via Pennsylvania Lines.
October 16th to 20th. inclusive, excursion tickets
to San Francisco and Los Angeles, account Women's
Christian Temperance Union Convention,
will be sold via Pennsylvania Lines from all ticket
stations. For full information regarding fares,
routes, time of trains, etc., apply to Local Ticket
Agent of those lines, or to J. K. Dillon, District
Passenger Agent, 515 Park building, Pittsburgh.
The commission to establish miners' homes in
Pennsylvania, at a meeting recently at the state
department of mines at Harrisburg, Pa., formulated
a plan by which it is expected at least two
such homes can be established. The cost of erecting
and maintaining these shall be borne jointly
by the operators and miners and measures have
been taken for the collection of money from each

ORGANIZATION OF THE OPERATING FORCES
AS DISCUSSED BEFORE THE SUPERIN­
TENDENTS OF THE FAIRMONT COAL
CO. BY W. H. BAILEY.
To be economically successful in mine operation,
the different forces, their proper organization,
placing and discipline requires careful thought
and care. The different divisions of the working
force of a mine can be classed under the following
heads:
lst—The mining, loading or producing force.
2nd—Cutting coal by electricity or air.
3rd—Hauling by mules or other power.
4th—General laborers—trackmen, slatemen, timbermen,
etc.
These are the interior forces. Taking up each
individual force or division, we find that no matter
how perfect the mining or producing, or either
of the divisions may be organized, nothing good
in the way of successful operation can be accomplished
unless each of the other divisions are
equally well organized, because each separate force
is like the component parts of a machine, all must
work in unison and harmony before good results
can be obtained. Friction in the management of
the interior affairs is bad and must be avoided.
One master mind must assume the direction of
affairs within the mine; no matter how many
divisions the working force consists of. there must
be but one person in charge of said forces, and he
should be the mine foreman.
There should be under and subordinate to him
the heads of the different divisions. Each director
of such a division or force must be held responsible
for the work of his force, and the mine
foreman must be responsible to his superintendent
for the proper directing of all the forces. The
working forces must be kept as compact as the
conditions will allow. Group the mining or producing
force into as compact a territory as possible,
and this will naturally force a grouping of
each of the other forces. A failure to do so
proves the organization to be incomplete. This
grouping of forces-will reduce the cost of operation,
as it will reduce the number of people required
under the present scattered system. Under
the present system a great part of their time is
put in going from district to district. Group the
work to be done and less men will do it. This
also holds good in the. case of drivers and horses,
mine cars and mining machines. Where the operating
forces are concentrated, less mine cars are
required, as the cars are in constant use and not
standing idle on some side-track for hours at a
time. Less mining machines would be needed,
as the work to be done by them would be grouped
and not scattered over a large part of the mine.
When the work is scattered a large part of the
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
working time of the machines is taken up in
moving them from place to place.
In all machine mines each two loaders should
be given two places adjoining each other. Two
loaders should lie compelled to work together,
they having .two places: one to be loaded out while
the other is being cut, each place lieing cleaned
up and put in condition for the machine before
they are allowed to begin the loading out of the
other place. The machines in a machine mine
should work double shift, with two crews (all
being partners), one of which should work in the
day-time and one in the night-time. A board, to
be known as the machine board, should be placed
at some point where all loaders and machine runners
would pass it on their way to and from work.
On this board should be marked the names or
numbers of all headings wdiere the cutting is being
done by machines, the miner marking on said
board the place or places cleaned up and the cutter
rubbing out all places cut on their shift. By
working the machine night and day the number
would be reduced one-half. Another saving would
be in the power. As we now work, our electric
and air plants are overloaded at times. Reduce
the number of machines working at one time and
better results will be obtained.
Hauling is a very important factor in mine
operation. All points of assemblage should be as
near the working face as possib'e. Long horse
hauls should be avoided at all times. The rolling
stock of a mine should receive as much attention
as that used on railroads. Therefore, beginning
with the first or mining force, we find it very
necessary to plaee no more miners or loaders on
or in a district than can be properly served with
cars. By a given number of horses to do the
hauling, that is to say that if one horse can only
haul the amount of coal that ten loaders can load.
no more than that number should be put at work
in said district, unless ten more can be added
thereto, for the following reasons: If only five
more are added, another horse is needed, and if
one horse can haul the coal from ten loaders, and
five more are added, it would either reduce the
amount of coal coming from each working place
or cause the employing of an extra horse in this
district. Then if the additional number of men
were less than ten the cost of handling this coal
would increase. To simplify it, let us say that
only five more loaders were added to this district
and one horse. The earning capacity of the
horses and drivers would be reduced one-fourth,
assuming that a horse can haul all the coal that
ten loaders can load.
Another reason why only enough loaders should
be grouped in any heading or district, either for
one, two or three head of stock to take care of,

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
is to avoid all delays in working out blocks of
rooms or pillars, as delays cause a loss of coal
and working material, adding to the cost of production.
Delays call for reposting, tracking,
draining and many other things, such as repairing
tracks, doors, stoppings, overcasts and power lines,
workings, etc. 1 herefore, a place begun should
not be allowed to drag along for years before being
finished.
Under the second heading or division of the
working force is the cutting of coal by electricity
or air so as to obtain the best results from our
coal-cutting machines. The working places to be
cut should be grouped. The more compact they
are the better results will be obtained. And if
the rules in force in nearly all machine mining
districts in the great coal regions of this country
were adopted in this field a great saving would
result therefrom. Said rules compel machines to
work double shift. Four men constitute a crew;
all being partners. Two men work the machines
in the day turn and two at night. That all machine-cut
places be worked by two loaders, said
loaders having two rooms side by side. That one
of the places must be cleaned up and put in condition
for the machine before they are allowed to
begin loading out of the other. Such rules would
reduce the number of machines now required
under the single-shift plan. Would also reduce
the number of working places in a mine, with a
greater production of coal, as under such rules
no men or places would be idle on account of not
having places cut. The capacity of the machines
would be increased by a grouping of the places to
be cut in any district. Better power would be
given with the same generating plants as are now
used. Less capital would be needed under this
system than is required under the present one.
Blocks of rooms would be worked out quicker,
which would save the cost of retracking. timbering,
draining, etc.
Under the third heading or division of the working
force, we come to one of the most, if not the
most important force in mine operation, that of
hauling, whether by electric or air motors, ropes.
horses or mules. It is generally understood that
the cost of cutting and loading, coal are fixtures.
but the cost of hauling depends largely on management,
and raises or lowers with good or bad management.
Therefore, the subject of haulage
should receive great thought and attention from
those in charge of this division of mine operation.
First—Great care should be given in the selection
of horses, mules and drivers intended to work to
gether on a heading or district, for the following
reasons: If more than one head is used on a heading
or district the capacity of each of the others
is governed by that of the lowest. Example, if
there are four horses or mules working, gather­
ing coal on a heading or district, and one of these
is slow, they are all slow. Again, one good and
one bad make two bad. Again, three fast and one
slow make four slow. Therefore, stock intended
to work together in any district should be graded,
the good or fast put together in a district, and
slow or poor in another. In this way a large
factor causing delays is eliminated.
Another bad practice used at some of our mines
where there is more than one head of stock work­
ing in a heading or district is that of having a
coal hauling horse to move the mining machine,
waterbox, or anything other than coal cars, for
the following reason: If four mules are used on
a heading or district hauling coal and one is
taken to move the machine every time it is to be
moved, all four are delayed, which is the same
as using four mules and four men to make said
move. This practice should therefore be discontinued
at once. Only under the most pressing
circumstances should the coal hauling stock be
used in making such transfers.
Another important point in hauling, whether by
motor, rope or horses, is the location of the assembling
stations to which the gathering is done.
These should be advanced from time to time up
to and as near the working faces as possible. In
doing this you will often be able to work stock
that under the condition of long hauls you would
be unable to work without adding greatly to the
cost, they being unfit to work up to and with the
same dispatch as the other stock engaged in said
heading or district. With points of assemblage
located near the working face, slow and partly
crippled stock can often be used to good advantage.
Nothing kills off mine stock as quickly as long
runs. Very often the emntv or light loads are
hauled up heavy grades. This is verv trying on
good stock, but not as trving as the long runs
thev are compelled to make coming out with the
loads. For under the grade conditions thev are
compelled to travel fast to keen from being caught
and crippled bv the loads. Therefore, long horse
hauls should be avoided, as thev nlav havoc with
stock, the heavv stock in particular. Mine stock
=hould be carefn'lv fed. stabled, harnessed, cleaned
•>nd shod. Shoes should be made to fit their feet
instead of their feet made to fit the shoes. I am
sure it will nav to eive the mine stock, unon
which so much depends, the very best of care and
treatment.
And now we come to the last or fourth of the
interior forces that of general laborers, consisting
of trackmen, timber or slatemen. ditcher=. nnmners.
etc. This force is an important one in mine
oneration and should be carefully selected, not on
account of their cheapness, but their usefiUneos.
Men who have a clear understanding of the service
required of them: men who can he trusted to

carry out the instructions given to them Dy their
foreman; men whom you need not watch; men
who will save the property of their employers;
men who have ever in mind the fact that the lives
of those employed within the mine largely depend
on their care and faithfulness in the discharge
of their duties.
I wish again to call your attention to the follow­
ing facts:
lst—That if your miners and loaders are
grouped, less mine cars will bring you much better
results than are obtained where they are scattered.
2nd—Fewer men, horses, drivers, machines,
mine supplies and assistant pit bosses will bring
as good or better results at a much less cost.
3rd—Watch your supplies closely. Whether in
use or not supplies depreciate. This is especially
true of posts. A post or two means 10 cents.
That does not mean to avoid the use of supplier
when necessary, but it does mean decidedly no
abandoned rails, ties or posts in old entries and
rooms. Remember always that money saved is
the easiest money earned.
SOMETHING OF THE WORK OF A LEADING
ENGINEER IN COAL AND COKE DE­
VELOPMENT, WILLIAM GLYDE WILKINS.
One of the most important factors in the coal
and coking plant development of Pennsylvania
and West Virginia is the W. G. Wilkins Co.. the
head of which, Mr. William Glyde vvilkins, has
been busily devoted to his profession of mine and
civil engineering for the past 15 years. Mr.
Wilkins is known everywhere as a leader in this
line of work and the plants which have been
erected under his direction are among the very
best in these fields. THE COAI, TRADE BULLETIN
has from time to time printed pictures, showing
work of important enterprises directed by Mr.
Wilkins. The other partners in Mr. Wilkins'
concern are Joseph F. Kuntz, one of the most
brilliant young architects of this section and Mr.
Wilbur M. Judd. a civil engineer of exceptional
ability.
Among the mining plants for which the W. G.
Wilkins Co. has been the engineers are the following:
Cresson Coal & Coke Co., Cresson, Pa.; Vulcan
Mine, Pittsburgh Coal Co., Treveskyn, Pa.;
Bulger Block Coal Co., Bulger, Pa.; Marine Coal
Co., Fayette City, Pa.; Dilworth Coal Co., Rice's
Landing, Pa.; Carnegie Coal Co., Feoeral, Pa,; Logansport
Coal Co., Logansport, Pa.; Buffalo &
Susquehanna Coal & Coke Co., Dubois, Pa.; Whipple
Colliery Co., Whipple. W. Va.; U. S. Coal & Oil
Co., Logan. W. Va.; Wellsburg Coal Co.. Wells­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
burg, W. Va.; Possum Glory Coal & Coke Co., Heilwood,
Pa.
The W. G. Wilkins Co. has also been engineers
for many coking plants, including the following:
Hecla Coke Co., Plant No. 2, Trauger. Pa.. 500
ovens; No. 3, Hecla, Pa.. 300 ovens; Oliver &
Snyder Steel Co., Plant No. 1, Redstone Junction.
Pa., 328 ovens; Plant No. 2, Redstone Junction,
Pa., 4S0: Plant No. 3. Redstone Junction, Pa., 300;
Colonial Coke Co., Plant No. 1, Smock, Pa.. 125
WILLIAM GLYDE WILKINS
ovens; Austen Coal & Coke Co., Plant No. 2, Austen,
W. Va., 117 ovens; Plant No. 3, Austen, W. Va.,
304 ovens; Randolph Coal & Coke Co., Sparta, 111..
100 ovens; U. S. Coal & Coke Co., Plant No. 1,
Wilcoe, W. Va.. 450 ovens; Plant No. 2, Wilcoe,
W. Va., 200 ovens; Plant No. 3, Gary, W. Va., 300
ovens; Powhattan Coal & Coke Co., Plant No. 1.
Sykesville. Pa.. 200 ovens; Cascade Coal & Coke
Co., Tyler. Pa., 400 ovens; H. C. FricK Coke Co.,
Bitner, Pa., 200 ovens; H. C. Frick Coke Co., Yorkrun.
Pa.. 500 ovens; H. C. Frick Coke Co., Shoaf.
Pa.. 300 ovens.
The Merchants Coal Co. recently paid $20,000 for
a tract of 67 acres of coal in Somerset county. Pa.,
in .Tenner township. The land adjoins the thousands
of acres of which the same company owns
the mineral rights.
J. W. Truble has purchased the coal business of
B. Holland in Havelock. Neb.

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
DISCUSSION OF EXHAUST
STEAM FROM MINE PUMPS.
The disposition of exhaust steam from pumping
machinery in mines is a worthy subject ior serious
consideration. The use of long pipes to carry
off the exhaust is costly and very inconvenient at
Fig. 1.
times, owing to the frequent necessity for changing
positions of the pumps in the various parts of
the suaft. In mining operations large bodies of
water are frequently encountered, making it neces­
sary to have a pump that can be readily moved
about, and raised and lowered in the shaft in
the least possible time.
The most feasible and the best plan we know of
is a simple and inexpensive method of steam condensation
provided by the A. S. Cameron Steam
Works, foot of East 23rd street, New York, and
very often used in connection with their well
known "mine sinking pump," which meets with
universal favor, and is worthy of mention and
adoption. The accompanying illustrations and
descriptions fully explain their system:
Illustration, Fig. 1, shows one of the Cameron
vertical plunger sinking pumps, having the slings
attached by which it is hung in the shaft. The
darker portion of this reproduction shows the condenser,
together with the exhaust pipe leading
thereto, and directly bolted to the water valve
chest; which makes a very compact arrangement
without causing any resistance to the free inflow
of water, while at the same time it is exceedingly
effective in taking care of the exhaust steam by
condensing it, and permitting it to enter the pump,
as water, through the suction opening, from which
it is discharged to the surface.
In illustration. Fig. 2, a sectional view of the
condenser chamber is shown which clearly defines
the simple method of condensation. The constant
flow of water through the suction piping connected
to the bottom of the condenser wi.l naturally
cool the bronze sleeve which is arranged
within this chamber; so that when the exhaust
steam conies in contact Wi«.u the cool surface, part
of it will immediately lie condensed, and the remainder
passing through the annular opening,
will also be condensed after mixing with the water
passing through the suction.
It also has the additional aovantage of relieving
the steam piston of back pressure, as a partial
vacuum is formed proportionate to the neight of
the suction lift. It is necessary tnat the water
cylinder be fully charged before the exhaust steam
is turned into the condenser, by allowing the pump
to exhaust into the atmosphere until it has become
filled with water, then the three-way valve
may be turned and the exhaust steam admitted to
the condenser, but it should never be allowed to
enter except in combination with the water. In
some cases automatic floats are arranged to stop
the pumps when the water supply is down. An
air leak is fatal to the successful working of this
as of any other condensing apparatus, and tnerefore
must be guarded against.
The effective power of a steam pump depends
largely on the initial steam pressure pushing the
piston, but there is always a back pressure when
the steam is exhausting into the atmosphere.
From this it will readily be seen that more steam

is consumed and more boiler power required.
necessarily increasing the cost of operation; hence
the removal of any pressure from the front of the
piston is equivalent to adding the same amount
behind it.
There is good economy in the use of this type
of condenser, which will vary owing to the existing
conditions, besides disposing of the inconvenience
of the higher temperature in the mines
from the heat in the pipes delivering the exhaust
steam to the surface. In addition to the saving
of steam, the saving of the cost of the piping for
carrying off the exhaust will oftentimes exceed
the original cost of the condenser.
There is unnecessary expense in the installation
and maintenance of exhaust piping, and considerable
delay when the pumps are moved about in the
mines, and these can be avoided by the use of the
"Cameron condenser."
To Develop Its Coking Coal.
The Pittsburgh Coal Co. has let contracts for
140 new coke ovens to be added to what it already
has in connection with its Colonial and Redstone
plants in the Connellsvi!le region. Four hundred
and thirty addition ovens will be constructed for
next spring, the development indicating that it is
not intended to dispose of the company's valuable
coking tracts, at least for a long time in the future.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. :\l
BRUSH CREEK COAL FIELDS.
Several months ago the Cumberland Railroad
Co., composed of Pennsylvania capitalists, began
the construction of a line from near Barboursville,
Ky.. into the Brush Creek section, and this railroad,
now nearly completed, will open up that section
for commercial purposes. The new line,
which is a common carrier, is ten miles in extent,
and is built for the heaviest traffic, being better
than the average railroad in this country. The
conipany has just amended its charter to permit
the construction of an extension to Jellico, on the
Kentucky-Tennessee line, and if the 17 miles necessary
to connect with that point are constructed
the Brush Creek fields will have an outlet in two
directions—connecting with the Louisville & Nashville
system to the north at Birboursville and the
Southern and Louisville & Nashville lines at Jellico
on the south.
Although it will probably be two months before
the Cumberland railroad is open for traffic its
entire length, there has been considerable activity
in opening up mines for several months. At the
head of the road the Cumberland Coal Co., composed
of the same capitalists controlling the railroad,
have started the op?ning of mines and are
installing a plant with a view to getting a daily
output of 1,000 tons. This concern owns about
10,000 acres, and at the point of the flrst mining
operations a town is now in course of construction,
planned to be a model of its kind. The
larger houses will have steam heat, there will be
a cold storage plant, electiic lights and telephones
are to be installed, and every modern convenience
arranged. About 500 men are now at work there
building the town and opening up the mines, and
the railroad and coal ventures represent a probable
investment of about $500,000.
Several other conceirs owning or leasing territory
along the new railroad are making openings.
The Bennett Coal Co. is developing coal land along
a branch line one mile in extent, which is being
constructed out from the main line. A modern
mining plant is being installed, and a daily output
of 500 tons will be obtained. Several smaller
coal railroads are now being extended in that
region, one of the most important being that built
by the Ely Jellico Coal Co. to connect with mines
being opened up in the Ely Hollow country. This
line extends out a little over a mile from the
Louisville & Nashville track and will be finished
within 30 days.
Stephen B. Elkins has bought of W. G. Brown.
Jr.. 1.500 acres of coal lying along the Morgantown
& Kingwood pike and extending into Kingwood,
W. Va. This will probanly be developed
soon.

,58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
MINORS' EMPLOYMENT CERTIFI­
CATES IN ANTHRACITE COLLIERIES.
The amendments to the law regulating the employment
of children in and around anthracite
collieries, in the last legislature, are causing con­
siderable anxiety to the operatois of collieries in
the anthracite regions. The law will go into
effect on the 15th inst.. and so drastic are the
provisions of the act that many operators express
the belief that it will be impossible to operate all
the collieries if they are literally carried out. The
situation is demanding considerable attention in
all parts of the bard coal fields and it furnishes
one of the best instances of legislation brought
about by men who were not conversant with the
facts of the industry so that they may intelli­
gently legislate in the matter.
The law when it comes into effect will be as
follows: "Prohibiting the employment of any
minor child of any age in or about * * * anthracite
collieries unless the person employing said
minor child shall first obtain and file the employment
certificate as provided liy this act."
Each minor by the provision of the act must pass
an examination in the following branches: "Reading,
spelling, writing, English grammar and geography,
and the fundamental operations of arithmetic
to and including fractions." The certifi­
cates are to be issued by the "common school rsuperintendents
or their duly authorized deputies"
who shall ask for po?itive proof as to the age of
the minor, measure bis height, observe the color
of his hair, and put down his complexion. This
certificate is to be kept by the employer on file
and a duplicate must be kept by the superintendent
or deputy who issued it. The superintendents,
in order that they may carry out the provisions
of the law, are authorized to administer
oaths the same as do notaries public. If any
operator is found violating this law. he can be
prosecuted in the "court of common pleas of the
county wherein said violation occurred," and if
found guilty a fine of $10 will be imposed for each
day said minor child or children were employed.
The superintendent is not to charge a fee for the
certificate and there is no provision made in the
bill to compensate him for this extra work imposed
upon him.
It will be immediately seen that such a law. if
rigidly enforced, may well strike consternation
into tbe ranks of operators. There are about
12,000 boys employed in the breakers of the an­
thracite collieries and another army of about the
same number employed underground performing
the work of drivers, runners, door boys, etc.
Among these 25,000 minors are many foreign-born
lads who came to the country with their parents,
and Icing in their fourteenth year, began their
industrial life in the breakers or the mines. The
English they know is what they have learned in
the mines and they have not had the privileges
requisite to qualify them in the reading and writing
of our language. Many other boys in this
group are native born, but they have been reared
in colonies made up of foreigners as far removed
from the spirit of our American institutions as
they were in the homes of fatherland. These boys
were sent to work at an early age and the short
period of their school life was not sufficient to
qualify them in the studies laid down in this law.
There are also in the mines many sons of nativeborn
parents whose education has been woefully
neglected. Schools conducted in mining patches
often do not amount to much. The parents become
conscious that it is useless to send the child
there and the child as soon as it enters its teens
is dissatisfied and wants to go to work. It is
safe to say that not 50 per cent, of the children
of mining villages, when they leave school, are
qualified to pass a successful examination in the
studies specified in the new law. If this law is
enforced on the 13th inst. it is safe to predict that
fully 15.000 minors will be forced out of employ­
ment in and around the mines. That is, the majority
of the breaker boys and door boys, as well
as many of the drivers and runners, will be taken
out of the industry. This would mean a necessary
readjustment of the labor supply running our
collieries and when such a readjustment is made
several mines will be obliged to shut down for the
want of an adequate supply of hands to run them.
PRESIDENT JOHN H. JONES OF THE PITTS­
BURGH-BUFFALO CO. DISCUSSES "OLD
KING COAL" BEFORE PENNSYLVANIA
STATE EDITORIAL ASSOCIATION.
President John H. Jones of the Pittsburgh-Buffalo
Co.. addressed the Pennsylvania State Editorial
Association on the occasion of its banquet in
Pittsburgh the night of September 27. on "Old
King Coal." After gracefully lauding the power
of the press, Mr. Jones said in part:
We have six distinct coal fields, or areas, in
the United States: The Western coal field, or
Western interior area, is the largest area of coal
lands in the United States, containing 98,000
square miles. The Central coal field comprises
Illinois, Indiana and Western Kentucky and covers
an area of 47,000 square miles. The Michigan
coal field contains an area of 6,700 square miles.
The Rhode Island coal field contains 500 square
miles. The Alaskan coal field has not yet been
definitely defined and is a comparatively small
area. The coal field that we are particularly interested
in tnis evening is the Appalachian or
Alleghany area. • It commences in Northeastern

Pennsylvania and covers the whole area of Penn­
sylvania, Eastern Ohio, a large portion of Vir­
ginia, West Virginia. Eastern Kentucky, passes
southward through Eastern Tennessee, North­
western Georgia, and ends in middle Alabama,
having an area of 50,000 square miles. This em­
braces the Pittsburgh district and is the most im­
portant eoal field in the world.
Prior to 1885, many coal mines were worked in
a very crude manner. Mine foremen were not
then as well educated as they are to-day, nor as
well posted in the management of coal properties.
Mines that produced 300 tons per day were the
exception and not the rule. But wonderful pro­
gress has been made during the past few years.
Our largest local independent manufacturing com­
pany has expended more than a million dollars in
the equipment of a single mine, which has recently
produced in excess of 7.000 tons of coal in one day
of eight hours, for their own exclusive use, and
the maximum has not yet been reached, their
business having increased more than five times
within the last 15 years.
About 25 years ago when the use of natural
gas was at its height in this district, many of our
manufacturers and coal men were of the opinion
that the mining of coal was becoming a lost art,
but within a few years the large mills were com­
pelled to resume the use of coai, and to-day the
Pittsburgh district produces more coal than any
state in the Union, or any nation of the world
except Great Britain, Germany. Austria and
France. Judging the future by the past, the pro­
duction of the Pittsburgh district during the next
25 years will exceed 2,000,000.000 tons, or double
the output of the entire world during the present
year.
I can see in my mind's eye a greater Pittsburgh,
extending far beyond the borders of to-day's prescribed
limits, with vastly improved transporta­
tion facilities, a great network of railroads stretching
out in every direction like the spokes of a
wheel. I can see the improvement of the Monon­
gahela, Allegheny and Ohio rivers to the state
line, and the margins of these rivers and rail­
roads lined with a thousand factories employing
hundreds of thousands of happy workmen, a pros­
perous coal-consuming territory, with the present
Pittsburgh as its center, or hub. I can see the
Ohio river with a nine-foot stage of water from
Pittsburgh 1.000 miles to Cairo, connecting with
the great Mississippi and continuing southwest to
tide-water at the Gulf of Mexico.
I can see the new water-way—the Lake Erie
and Ohio River Ship Canal—stretching to the
north, connecting the great valley with the lake-.
and with the tide-water through the Canadian
canal and St. Lawrence river, and also through
the Erie and Hudson canal, with tide-water at
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
New York; these improvements mai

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ing, and these should be posted on tne shaft bulle­
tin board for the education of the miners. The
explosion that occurred at the United National
colliery at Wattstown July 11, 1905. cost the lives
of 119 men and boys. The percentage oi fatalities
was possibly the highest on record, for only
one man employed in the seam where the explosion
occurred was rescued. He owes his life to
his rare presence of mina, for when he heard the
explosion he poured his tea on his jacket and
stuffed it in his mouth to prevent suffocation by
the after damp. He was unconscious when found,
but the moistened gag had served its purpose, for
he recovered quickly after being brought up. Of
those killed. 55 were lads under 20 years, and 14
were only 14 years old or under. When found.
many of them lay as if sleeping. The explosion
occurred in the lowest seam worked, which is
about 450 yards deep and 9 feet thick. The longwall
system of working is employed, the most
modern lamps were in use and the Schiel type of
fans furnished 250.0110 cubic feet of air per min
ute. The coroner's inquest enaed August 2, the
unanimous verdict of the jury being as follows:
"The explosion of gas was caused by shot firing
in the barrier of coal between the sinking pit and
the upcast pit."
The jury also agreed upon the following recom­
mendations:
1. That shot firing should be absolutely pro­
hibited except between shifts, and only shot men
should be in the pit at the time.
2. That a thorough system of watering roadways,
sides and roof should be compulsory.
Notwithstanding these great tragedies, which
shock the world, the number of mine fatalities
in the Linked Kingdom is comparatively small.
The entire number of persons employed in mining
in Great Britain and Ireland during the year 1904
was 877,057, of whom 5.4S7 were females. The
number of fatalities in the same time was 1,055,
a decrease of 19 compared with 1903. The rate of
fatalities per thousand among the underground
workers has been as follows for the last three
years: 1902, 1.37: 1903, 1.35; i90., l.o4.
The rate per thousand among all those employed
in mining has been lower, as indicated by
the following comparison compiled by the British
home office for the whole world for the year 1903:
United Kingdom.. 1.24 Holland 1.27
British Empire.... 1.46 Japan 1.71
Austria 1.60 Russia 2.53
Belgium 1.07 United States 3.26
France 1.09 All foreign cottntr's 2.20
Germany 1.93 Average for world. 1.93
The safeguarding of the lives of miners, whose
industry has done much toward ameliorating the
conditions of human existence and has made possi­
ble our manufacturing system and the conquests
of commerce, is now engaging the attention of
many experts. Following are a number of recom­
mendations practically agreed upon:
Improved ventilation, especially at the face of
the coal, sufficient to carry off all the gas from
ordinary blowers.
Improved lamps to detect the presence of less
than one per cent, of gas.
Watering enough to prevent the accumulation
of dust.
Shot firing between shifts, with only the trained
shot men present.
Rigid inspection of the use of explosives.
Strict enforcement of all mining regulations.
Introduction of cutting machines to reduce the
number of men needed per mine.
Observations of the barometer and aquameter
daily, and oftener if necessary, especially wdien
shot firing is to be done.
The furnishing of a room near the shait head
suplied with all the latest appliances for first aid.
The training of a rescue corps at each snaft.
fi CONSTRUCTION and DEVELOPMENT. «
A $1,000,000 blast furnace, the development of a
large coal field in southern Indiana county, Pa.,
and the building of a new industrial town at Bells
Mills, Blacklick township, that county, are some
of the benefits to result from a real estate deal
closed recently, when Corrigan, McKinnie & Co.,
of Cleveland, bought the entire town of Bells Mills
and nearly 100 acres additional land.
The Louisiana-Alabama Coal Co., capitalized at
$20,000, has been incorporated in Alabama and has
purchased 3340 acres of coal lands in Franklin
county, about 12 miles south of Russellville. The
lands are to be fully developed and the initial
output will be at least 400 tons daily. W. S.
Douglass of Russellville wdll be superintendent and
in charge of the construction.
The Coal Belt railway, wdiich is to bring coal
from fields 20 miles northeast of Price, Utah, into
Utah and Salt Lake valley, filed its articles of incorporation
with the secretary of state of Utah recently.
This road is to be S9 miles long. Ar­
rangements are made for financing the project and
construction work is to start shortly. The estimated
cost is $1,400,000.
A Chicago syndicate represented by William P.
Nixon has contracted to purchase 60,000 acres in
Tuscaloosa county, Ala. Millions will be expended
in developing the property and exporting
the product via the Gulf of Mexico.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
THE PULSE OF THE MARKETS.
The coal market continues to strengthen. The
coke market is especially strong, prices having
gone up rapidly since the last issue of THE COAL
TRADE BULLETIX. There has been some strictly
Connellsville low sulphur coke sola at $3.50 the
ton for foundry grade and $3 for furnace. Contracts
have been made for next year delivery as
high as $2.75 for furnace and producers generally
have held $2.25 as the minimum on important
business. Coal prices are stiffening. As indicated
in our last issue tne free coal at tne upper
lake docks was advanced 10 for run of dock
and 15 cents for lump the ton as of Octouer 1.
This is added to the horizontal advance of 15 cents
September 1. Prices to the trade have been
moved up. Regardless of the car shortage it is
now likely that the close of navigation will see
accomplished a record movement up the lakes.
Slack is selling at from 60 to 70 cents the ton at
Pittsburgh field mines with little available at
the first figure named. The anthracite market is
improving as are those for bituminous throughout
the country.
Coke production and shipments have been increasing.
Idle ovens have been fired. Buyers
are offering from $2.50 to $2.60 for furnace coke
on contracts for delivery throughout 1906. Connellsville
region production is at the rate of over
265.000 tons the week, an increase of over 4,500
tons, and lower Connellsville production is at the
rate of 69,000 tons, an increase of 900 tons over
previous week.
The hard coal market is constantly improving,
principally under the influence of the large manufacturing
consumers. Domestic trade is not yet
vigorous, owing to the mild weather. The small
sizes are in active demand, so much so that an
advance of price is confidently expected in the
near future. Many consumers are stocking large
quantities of pea coal, providing additional storage
room for it in many cases. Even the washery
coal is moving off quickly. Prices remain as
follows: $4.75 for broken and $5 for domestic
sizes. Steam sizes: $3 for pea; $2.25@$2.50 for
buckwheat; $1.45@$1.50 for rice and $1.30@$1.35
for barley, f. o. b. New York harbor shipping
points.
In the eastern bituminous market demand is
generally strong, though an exceptionally heavy
arrival at New York harbor has temporarily weakened
the market at that point. Prices for the
ordinary steam grades this week range from $2.50
to $3.60, f. o. b. shipping points. Car supply is
variable, according to the railroad, the individual
and the promptness shown in unloading arrivals
at tide. The far east shows a strong demand,
particularly at the shoal water points, which are
getting in their coal as fast as the supply of coal
and vessels will permit. Along the sound, demand
is much stronger than supply; this territory
is now trying to make up for its procrastination
during the summer months. New York
harbor is taking in large supplies, and the market
is momentarily weak. All-rail trade is calling for
heavy supplies, although shippers are slighting it
in favor of tidewater business. Ordinary grades
are selling for $1.25 at the mines. Car supply is
variable, though transportation is good on all
roads. In Alabama and other southern fields
conditions are unchanged with a labor shortage at
Alabama mines. Conditions are gradually growing
better in the markets converging at Chicago.
The lake situation has been comparatively dull.
Hull, Blyth & Co., of London and Cardiff: the
market remains steady, with a fairly good tone,
and tonnage is plentiful. Best Welsh steam coal,
$3.36; seconds. $3.24; thirds, $3.06; dry coals.
$2.94; best Monmouthshire. $3.12; seconds, $3.00;
best small steam coal, $2.28; seconds, $2.16: other
sorts. $2.04.
DENIED LOWER FREIGHT RATES.
A committee of East Tennessee operators in a
recent conference with executives of the Southern
railway failed to secure some desired concessions
in rates to markets in the Carolinas. Coal Creek
and Jellico operators assert they cannot compete
successfully with the mines on the Virginia &
Southwestern road. The rate from Bluff City and
from Coal Creek is practically the same, conditions
in the Virginia mines enable the mines in
that state to sell at a price in the Carolinas with
which East Tennessee coal operators cannot compete.
The Spot Cash Coal Co. has been incorporated in
Fan-is, Texas, with a capital of $10,0u0, by G. A.
Vines and others.

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
INNOVATIONS IN PRACTICE
OF ANTHRACITE PREPARATION.
A good deal of interest has been exhibited
among colliery engineers, especially those engaged
in the preparation of anthracite, by two large
breakers recently erected in the Pennsylvania
field, wherein several important innovations in
the practice of coal preparation have been planned.
The Truesdale breaker of the Lackawanna company
is particularly noteworthy, says the Engineering
and Mining Journal, not only as being the
breaker of largest capacity yet erected in .-ie Pennsylvania
anthracite region, but also for the fact
that it is to be operated exclusively by electric
power, individual motors being employed for the
various machines. In the case of the Truesdale
breaker, this is no experiment, the Lackawanna
company having been trying electric motors in the
same way at other collieries for several years
back, especially at the Auchincloss plant. In the
Truesdale plant, the only important modification
is the employment of alternating current induction
motors, instead of the direct current motors
which have previously been used.
There is probably no question as to the superiority
of the induction motors for such application,
especially in view of the flying dust, which is inevitably
experienced in a coal breaker. As to
the broad advantage of operating coal breakers by
electric power, there is naturally a difference of
opinion, and more experience in the matter must
be gained before engineers will come to general
harmony of opinion. The idea of driving a machine
liy an independent motor is at first sight
quite attractive. Many mills and machine shops
have been provided with power in tnat manner.
It has appeared, however, as a result of experience,
that there has not been in all cases a saving
in power, or some other advantage; but, on the
contrary, the reverse. It is now generally recognized
by engineers that there is such a thing as
over-electrification, and the selection of the power
equipment of a plant must be made with the
same kind of discrimination that is necessary in
other matters of mill construction.
However, it may be considered that independent
motor drives may be more advantageous, for particular
reasons, in a coal breaker than in certain
other forms of mills. The interior of the breaker
building is rather a confusion of trusses, timbers.
posts and chutes, among which are arranged the
screens, crushing rolls, slate pickers, conveyors,
etc. The designer of such a plant becomes well
aware of the difficulties when he comes to the
point of preparing the shafting, belting and pulley
plans. The design is certainly very much simplified,
if a difficult situation can be circumvented
by the use of a small independent motor. Moreover,
there are certain advantages in the simplification
of the power-transmitting mechanism of
such a plant as a coal breaker, directly connected
with the management of the plant, which may
outweigh a disadvantage in first cost and operating
expense.
Electrical power installations in coal breaker
practice will doubtless afford the best economical
results when it is possible to supply several mines,
or groups of mines, from one large central power
station. The Lackawanna company already has
two such plants, viz: the Hampton, near Scranton,
which operates the Keyser Valley mines, and a
new plant at the lower end of the Wyoming Valley.
The Baltimore Tunnel breaker, of the Delaware &
Hudson Co.. is another example of electricallydriven
breakers of modern construction.
CURRENT PRICE CIRCULAR.
Current prices of the Sunday Creek Coal Co.,
Columbus. O.. were announced October 1 as follows:
Sunday Creek Hocking coal—Lump, $1.50.
:! 4-inch, $1.35; mine-run, $1.20: domestic nut. $1.10;
nut-pea and slack, 75c; coarse slack, 50c.
Washed Hocking coal—Stove, $1.75; chestnut.
$1.65; No. 2, $1.10; Nos. 3 and 4, 50c.
West Virginia coal—Smithers Creek hand picked
splint. $1.60; Smithers Creek gas %. $1.10; Smithers
Creek gas mine run. $1.00; Smithers Creek gas
Kanawha splint lump, $1.50; Kanawha spling %.
$1.35; Kanawha splint mine-run, $1.05; Kanawha
splint nut-pea and slack, 55c; Kanawha splint
coarse slack, 40c. Cedar Grove lump, $1.50; Cedar
Grove %, $1.35: Cedar Grove mine-run. $1.10;
Cedar Grove coarse slack, 70c.
All coal loaded in box cars 10 cents additional.
The new price circular of the New Pittsburgh
Coal Co., Columbus, O., goves the following: Genuine
thick vein Hocking coal. f. o. b. mines, per
ton of 2,000 pounds—Domestic lump, $1.50; threequarter
inch screened lump, $1.35; run-of-mine,
$1.20; domestic nut. $1.10; pea, 75c; nut. pea and
slack. 75c; coarse slack, 50c. Coal in box cars,
10 cents per ton additional.
J. L. McKeever. executor of the estate of the
late Robert S. Robinson, has brougm suit against
the Westmoreland Coal Co. for the sum of $20,-
646.60 in behalf of the heirs. The allegation is
that Mr. Robinson sold the coal company the mining
right on his farm in Westmoreland county,
Pa., the contract specifying the number of bushels
to the acre. The heirs claim that a larger amount
than named in the contract was taken up.

LEHIGH DIRECTORS AUTHORIZE PURCHASE
OF COXE BROS. CSt, CO. PROPERTIES.
At a special meeting of the board of directors
of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Co. in Philadelphia
October 13, the purchase of the "entire capital of
Coxe Bros. & Co., the Delaware, Susquehanna &
Schuylkill railroad and allied water companies,
and other water companies, together with all collieries
and properties" was authorized. The properties
will be paid for by the issue of collateral
trust bonds, which will be redeemed beginning in
1907.
The purchase of these properties carries with it
the ownership of all the collieries and mine properties
of Coxe Bros. & Co., including over 1,100
miners' houses, all the real estate of that company
in Chicago and Milwaukee; the floating
equipment in New York harbor, as well as the
railroad equipment of the Delaware, Susquehanna
& Schuylkill Co.; all coal mined and on hand,
together with all railroad and mine supplies.
It is learned on good authority tne bond issue
will be for $19,000,000. bearing interest at the
rate of 4 per cent. Coxe Bros. & Co., it is stated,
will take $12,000,000 of this issue. What disposition
will be made of the remainder is not known.
The issue is secured by a pledge of the stocks of
the Coxe Bros. & Co., and the Delaware, Susquehanna
& Schuylkill Railroad Co. The Lehigh Valley
Co. will take possession on November 10. Coxe
Bros. & Co. are the largest individual operators in
the anthracite field, their annual capacity exceeding
2,000,000 tons.
INCREASE FOR ANTHRACITE MINERS.
The average price of anthracite coal for the
month of September was $4.76 a ton. As a result
the miners in the anthracite region are entitled
to an increase of five per cent, over the rate of
wages fixed by the strike commission. The following
is the report of Sliding Scale Commissioner
C. P. Neill:
"WASHINGTON, D. C.
"Dear Sir: I beg to notify you that the average
price of white ash coal, of sizes above pea coal,
sold at or near New York, between Perth Amboy
and Edgewater, and reported to tne bureau of
anthracite coal statistics, for the month of September,
1905, was $4.76 per ton f. o. b.
"Under the provisions of the eighth award of
the anthracite coal strike commission, this average
price entitles all miners and mine workers
included in the awards of the commission to an
increase of five per cent, on the rate of wages
fixed in said awards. "Respectfully,
"CHARLES P. NEILL."
The increase for September is one per cent.
more than for August.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
OHIO OPERATORS MAY NOT
ATTEND CHICAGO CONFERENCE.
It is now almost a foregone conclusion that the
coal operators of Ohio will not be represented at
the convention called to meet in Chicago the latter
part of next month to consider the condition of
the coal trade and also to discuss labor matters.
Almost every prominent Ohio operator has said
his company is not in favor of attempting to form
a national organization, with all the cry which
would be raised of combination and an attempt
to disrupt the miners' union.
NO RIVER AND HARBOR LEGISLATION.
The chief of engineers of the army will not make
any estimates for river and harbor improvements
this year to be submitted to Congress, save for the
continuing contracts which have oeen authorized
by law. There will be no river and harbor bill
at the coming session of Congress and the apportionment
of the funds appropriated by the bill
last winter has been so made as to make it unnecessary
to make additional appropriations for at
least a year.
COAL ENTERPRISES CREATE
ATTRACTIVE NEW TOWN.
The new town of Clymer is expected to be the
most active coal town in Central Indiana county.
Pa., as it is in the heart of the new region developed
by the joint line of the New York Central and
Pennsylvania railroads and the center of about 40,-
000 acres of the best coal in the county. Two
seams of coal, both of excellent quality, are covered
by this territory and both seams are being
developed. Nine large collieries equipped with
modern machinery are now under construction
and development by tne Clearfield Bituminous
Coal Corporation. Peale, Peacock & iN.err and Empire
Coal Mining Co. in the immediate vicinity
of this town and the labor employed will be centered
in Clymer. It is estimated in the near
future the collieries will produce a daily output
of 8,000 to 10,000 tons, requiring a population of
5,000 to 6,000. The streets of the town have been
graded and 100 houses have been contracted for
to be finished this fall and an additional 100
houses will be built in the spring. The town will
be supplied with good water, electric light and a
contemplated sewerage system. Lots will be
sold ( without resrvation of coal or other restrictions)
for cash at one-third cash and balance on
partial payments.
The Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Co.. New York, has
issued a new booklet. Form No. 52-A, on coal mining
machinery. It is of especial interest to the
trade.

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The only boat of its kind ever built is the Marquette
and Bessemer collier now plying between
Conneaut Harbor and Rondeau, Canada. The
usual style of coal-carrying ferry provides for
loaded cars being run from the docks over an
apron on the vessel and subsequently switched to
tracks laid on the ferry floor. The cars are then
locked in place, where they remain until the vessel
reaches Canada, when they are released, transferred
to a Canadian railroad and go on to their
destination. The Marquette and Bessemer ferry
receives the cars aboard in the same manner, but
after being emptied they are run off the boat again.
The deck is provided with two tracks. Between
the forward and aft apartments is one continuous
hatch, the tracks running the length of the opening.
On these tracks ten hopper cars can be run
at one time, while their loads are being emptied
into the hold beneath. At the Canadian side the
cargo is removed by grapple unloaders. much after
the plan of unloading ore at ports on this side of
the lake. Four unloading machines can work in
tne hold of this boat at one time, removing the
cargo in eight hours or less. The loading of the
vessel is a much shorter operation.
Recently the steamer James P. Walsh made a
record for rapid unloading of coal on the Great
Lakes. This vessel unloaded a cargo of 9,304
tons of bituminous coal (at the dock of the Milwaukee-Western
Fuel Co., at Milwaukee, Wis.) in
30 hours. Of this cargo 2,000 tons was placed on
the dock. Eight clam-shell buckets were used.
One of the best, if not tne best, ways of preventing
or stopping a squeeze in anthracite coal
mines, is by flushing in material and filling up the
worked-out portion of the mine. When once the
top commences to settle over an area of any con
siderable extent, individual props are like so many
matches. Cribs built of logs and filled in with
rock may be effective, if enough of these supports
are used in time.
James E. Roderick, chief of the state bureau of
mines, has informed coal companies wnich have
written to him regarding the enforcement of the
new mine labor law, which goes into effect on
October 15, that in his judgment the act was not
intended to apply so radically to young men between
the ages of 16 and 21 as appears on first
interpretation. He has informed the companies
ihat in his opinion the educational test is to be
required only in the cases of boys between 14 and
16 holding or seeing employment in the breakers,
and those 16 years old who work or may ask for
employment in the mines.
Some time ago options were secured by J. J-
Mitchell on the coal holdings and mining properties
of the Merchants' Coal Co., inclining those at
Boswell. the Tunnelton and Elk Lick and the West
Virginia properties, valued at $4,000,000. When
the hour for lifting the options arrived Mr. Mitchell
did not put in an appearance and the deal
was announced to be off.
The Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Co. has issued Bulletin
No. 2004 entitled "Stone Working Tools."
It is a comprehensive and interesting booklet.
ANTHRACITE PRODUCTION.
The September production of anthracite reached
record-breaking figures for that month. The production
is 5,082,232 tons, which is an increase of
1.114,632 tons over the corresponding month of
last year, while the 1905 production of 45.387,810
tons is 3,214,042 tons in excess of the output for
the corresponding nine months of the previous
year. The Reading company leads in the increased
production for September with 334,080
tons, and the Lehigh Valley comes second with
an increase of 212,437 tons. The Pennsylvania
and the Delaware, Susquehanna & Schuylkill railroads
are the other roads to fall behind. The
tonnage of the respective roads for beptember
and for the nine months of 1905, with comparison
for the corresponding periods of 1904, is as
follows:
Sept., 1905. Sept., 1904.
Reading 1,067,916 733,838
Lehigh Valley 861,529 649.092
Jersey Central 709.700 552,742
D„ L. & W 772,506 673,564
Del. & Hudson 422,789 290,609
Pennsylvania 62,414 339,094
Erie 568,799 405,915
N. Y.. O. & W 218,980 185,472
Del.. Sus. & S 134,599 137,276
Totals 5,082,232 3,967.600
The shipments of anthracite since January 1 to
September 30, 1905. as compared with the same
period in 1904 are as follows:
For 1905. For 1904.
Reading 9,301,724 8,174,026
Lehigh Valley 7,446,881 6,870,073
Jersey Central 5,896.574 5,388,906
D., L. & W 6.939.033 5,082,713
Del. & Hudson 4,253,367 4,002.638
Pennsylvania 3,598.210 3,524,929
Erie 4.669,415 4,318,429
N. Y., O. & W 2,113.527 1,950,805
Del., S. & S 1,196,079 114,149
Totals 45,387,810 42,173,768

Arbuthnot Fuel Co., Winnipeg, Man.; capital,
$10,000; incorporators, John Arbuthnot, Charles
Albert Hutchinson, James Malcolm Savage, George
Albert Broadbent, Francis Clarence Shortridge.
1—
Vandergrift Coal Co., Blairsville; capital, $30,-
000; directors, Thomas Maher, W. P. Graff, Blairsville;
L. W. Hicks. Leechburg; S. J. Robinson,
Saltsburg.
1
The Bakewell Coal Co., Bellaire, O.; capital, $90,-
000; incorporators, Thomas W. Pearsall, James C.
Smith, Joseph H. Pearsall, Levi Wagoner, W. F.
Kaiser.
1
Harris-Smith Coal & Coke Co., Uniontown, Pa.;
capital. $10,000; directors, William R. Harris, Pittsburgh;
Lloyd H. Smith, James R. Carothers, Uniontown.
Harding Laboratory & Coal Co., Custer City,
Okla.: capital. $25,000; incorporators, O. E. Mc­
Cartney, F. C. Harding, R. B. Leeka, C. O. Leeka.
—!—
Murray City Coal Co., Columbus, O.; capital,
$25,000; incorporators, C. H. Boardman, H. G.
Biddlecomb, L. B. Biddlecomb, F. R. Rayburn.
—+—
J. B. & J. C. Mining, Development & Smelting
Co.. Chicago, 111.; capital, $10,000; incorporators,
J. H. Shirley, William J. Myers, B. B. Ray.
1
Johnston City & St. Louis Coal Co.. Johnston
City, 111.; capital, $40,000; incorporators, C. E.
McClintock, Charles Cazaleen, W. W. Moore.
—+—
Bakewell Coal Co., Bellaire, O.; capital, $90,000;
incorporators, T. W. Pearsall. J. C. Smith. J. H.
Pearsall, L. C. Wagoner, W. F. Kaiser.
Mt. Vernon Coal Co., Mt. Vernon. O.: capital,
$5,000; incorporators, William Mild, Edward Mild,
Lena Mild, Louisa Mild, Emma L. Mild.
—+ —
Bear Wallow Coal & Coke Co., Knoxville. Tenn.:
capital. $10,000; incorporators, W. B. Bowling, J.
H. Bowling, C. H. Smith. R. S. Young.
Virginia Southwestern Coal & Lumber Co., Alexandria,
Va.; capital, $500,000; incorporators, J. H.
Merriweather, G. E. Terry, H. F. Mandler.
1
Domestic Coal Co., Terre Haute, Ind.; capital.
1
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
$5,000; incorporators, Harvey A. Carpenter, Walter
S. Ferrell, William C. Dorsey.
—+—
United Coal Mining Co., Chicago, 111.; capital,
$200,000; incorporators, William E. O'Neill, P. S.
Blumenthal, Jacob E. Dittus.
—+—
S. H. Helen, Portland. Me.; capital, $25,000;
incorporators, S. H. Hellen, president and treasurer;
Frederick Hale, clerk.
f —
Louisville-Atlanta Coal Co.. Louisville, Ky.; capital,
$20,000; incorporators, John Kittinger, W. R.
Williams. K. F. Bierach.
Consolidated Block Coal Co., Omaha, Neb.; capital,
$10,000; incorporators, S. S. Caldwell and E.
S. Westbrook.
r—
Epstein Coal Co.. New York, N. Y.; capital, $500;
incorporators, Samuel Epstein, Frank Crumbly,
Oscar Osborn.
—H
William J. Oliver Coal & Land Co.. Knoxville,
Tenn.; capital. $50,000; incorporators, W. J. Oliver
and others.
—!—
Southern Fuel Co., Dallas, Tex.; capital, $40,-
000; incorporators, C. W. Dawley, H. W. Adams,
E. G. Hickey.
Robinson Coal Co., Syracuse, N. Y.; capital, $25,
000; incorporators, F. K. Robinson, J. A. Girardin,
A. W. Dyke.
—+—
Bunch Coal Co., Little Rock, Ark.; capital, $25,-
000; incorporators, T. H. Bunch, M. Noir, J. T.
Greenfield.
—+—
Philippi Collieries Co.. Philippi, W. Va.; incorporators.
Albert Blackstone and others.
When the $250,000 coaling station at Lake Borgne
canal, near New Orleans, was to be passed upon by
the board of engineers, the Mississippi bank caved
in and almost wrecked the whole plant. One of the
towers collapsed and a section of the wharf was
carried away. The total loss may reach $75,000.
C. Jutte & Co., of Pittsburgh, established the plant.
The Evans colliery at Beaver Meadow, near
Hazleton, Pa., is about to resume operations tinder
the management of the newly organized concern
of McClelland & Co.

16 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
T T
• SOME LABOR NOTES. •
Leaders of the United Mine Workers held a conference
recently with James E. Roderick, chief of
the Pennsylvania bureau of mines. At its con­
clusion the district presidents issued a statement
that the enforcement of tbe new mine law, effective
October 15, requiring boys employed at the
breakers to be 14 years of age and those in the
mines 16 years of age, and calling for an educational
test of all under 21 years of age, had been
discussed. The statement says that Mr. Roder­
ick's decision on the enforcement oi the law meets
with the approval of the mine workers. Neither
the district presidents nor Mr. Roderick would
say wdiat interpretation of the law the latter has
made, but it is believed that both the miners and
the head of the state bureau will not insist upon
a literal construction of the law, especially that
provision making it necessary for all boys under
21 years of age to be familiar witn fundamental
arithmetic to and including fractions. It is estimated
that fully 60 per cent, of the young men
affected by this section would be barred from
work. Some of the coal companies, Mr. Roderick
said, favored discharging all miners not coming
within this provision, but he does not take such a
radical view of the matter.
* * *
President John Mitchell of the miners was in
Pittsburgh October 7, and in a long speech at
Charleroi declared that he is for peace in the coal
industry next year and will do all in his power to
maintain it, but would not outline the campaign
of the organization relative to the anthracite regions
further than to say that the operators get
together and map out their policies and that he is
endeavoring to have the miners of those regions
to do likewise. He hopes for an amicable agreement
in wdiich the organization shall be recognized
and the eight-hour day assented to.
* # *
The miners working for the Canadian-American
Coal & Coke Co. are on strike at Frank, Alta. The
former manager left the company to go to New
Zealand, and a manager named Hill, who took his
place, made changes in the rules to which the
miners objected. They struck. Hill left town,
leaving word that wdien he was wanted he would
return. H. II. Frank, the president of the com­
pany, is also awav, and with no one to settle the
strike no one knows how long it will last. The
piace had not yet recovered from the disastrous
strike of two years ago.
* -i *
Announcement is made that the trouble between
the Morris Run Coal Mining Co. and the miners
has been settled and tbat work has resumed.
More than a year ago the men went on strike because
the company cut the wages. In July an
agreement was reached to return to the scale and
resume work. After a few days the coinpany
announced that it could not pay the wages demanded
by the union and the mines were closed.
The operators at the Altoona conference last
April served notice on the United Mine Workers
of America that by the next scale conference the
miners would have to show every non-union mine
in the district organized or forfeit the right to
an agreement. The union leaders pledged themselves
to do what the employers demanded. The
first signs of the policy have been given in the
tseaverville field.
The governor of Alabama has received a report
on Fiat Top mines, where the convicts are em­
ployed. The report shows that every precaution
is taken to insure the safety and comfort of both
free and convict miners. No convicts are al­
lowed to handle explosives. The only suggestion
the inspector had to make to the mine foreman
was that he faithfully carry out the system now
in operation.
m 'i- m
Grievances arising from a misunderstanding re­
garding conditions about the mine of the National
colliery of the Lackawanna company at Wilkes-
Barre, Pa., have been adjusted b.v a committee of
the mine workers in conference with Col. R. A.
Phillips. Col. Phillips has been very successful
in adjusting all disputes which have arisen with
the men at this colliery.
The fifth annual convention of the United Mine
Workers of the Ninth district (anthracite) adopted
resolutions demanding the eight-hour day and
recognition of the union.
At the Pancoast breaker of the Scranton Coal
Co., in the Pennsylvania anthracite field, the
loaded cars are moved from the cage to the dump
by means of drum and rope. The distance from
the shaft to the dump is about 50 feet. The
empty cars are handled by a chain car-haul; a
friction drum is mounted on the drive-shaft of
this car-haul. A boy, stationed near the dump,
operates the drum. The rope is attached to the
loaded car. wdiich is then given enough motion to
carry it to the dump. This scheme does away
with the services of two men. There is considerable
variation in the running of mine cars, some
running stiffer than others; the arrangement described
permits the handling of all cars equally
well.

SUGGESTIONS FROM THE EXPERIENCE OF
AN EX-PRIVATE MINE INSPECTOR—PRE­
PARATIONS, PUMPS, TIMBERING, AND
COAL MINING.
The private mine inspector for a large conipany
has a very important and responsible position.
He not only takes cognizance of all that a government
inspector does, but a myriad of other matters
not in the category of points for inspection mapped
out Dy the chief government inspector. He
is at once general superintendent, planner, systematize]',
detective and inspector. A superintendent
or foreman, for example, desires to put into
immediate practice a scheme which has suddenly
burst upon his mental vision. Without ninth
contemplation he presents it to the general manager,
wdio probably is too busy to probe its merits.
The matter casually glanced at appears feasible
and the right thing to do; he consents to its
adoption providing the inspector concurs after he
has had time to consider it. Perhaps the project
is to attack a piece of coal to the dip, because it
is near and handy. Were he allowed to do so.
in a few days the places would be under water
and a pump would then be necessary. "No." says
the inspector, "that coal would only prove to be
a bill of expense if mined to the dip, it is all to
the rise of the mine and can be mined cheaply,
no pumping, no up hi., with the loads." Many
conversations at the mine show to what extent the
inspector must be posted, says Mines and Minerals.
Three thousand feet of wire are needed for the
mine; the phone rings up the superintendent.
"You sent in a requisition for wire?" "Yes."
Have you taken down the wire in the entry wdiich
was out of service, or nearly so. at my last visit?"
"No, there are two rooms to finish yet." "Well.
how long will that be?" "A week or ten days."
"Very good. I will cancel this order, as you can
liberate your wire quicker than I can procure it.
besides on the entry you have several hundred
feet you can use; as the rooms are finished, couple
up through one of the breakthroughs." "That is
all right, didn't think of that."
Word comes to the main office saying that the
new pump you sent the mine is very unsatisfactory;
have had all apart and can't discover the
trouble. There is a pump at BlanK s mine that
will do this work easily; won't cost much to ship
it here; this one may be satisfactory to them.
Triplex, 8-inch suction, 6-inch diameter, lift only
11 feet. The inspector is sent to investigate, and
finds center plunger is out of action and rod is
broken. Pump is connected to 8-inch suction for
only 12 feet, from that point, two 4-inch lines take
its place. Superintendent says, two 4-inch lines
equal one 8-inch. Inspector replies, not so, at
one stroke you have reuuced the suction to onehalf,
also the pump's chances to perform its proper
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
duty to one-half; a couple of hundred feet further
and the -i-inch lines are replaced by two 2-inch.
Poor pump! Choked down to one-eighth of its
intake area and still expected to do what the
manufacturers guaranteed. The remedy was
manifestly easy to apply. The pump's character
for good work went up, that of the superintendent's
down, let us bone not in the same ratio.
An electric pump, placed at the source of boiler
supply at another mine, is causing much trouble
and expense; it will only operate a few minutes,
when, flash, goes the fuse wdre. The mine foreman
responded 1 1 times one night to the almost
frantic appeals of nis pumper. Strange thing
this, mutters the sorely afflicted man. a much
smaller pump used to do this work easily. This
large new one either can't or won't. Another
pump is demanded. The inspector is sent. Suction
5-inch, correct; strainer, clean; plungers,
valves and power all in good condition. Strange,
indeed; discharge 4-inch, at least for several hundred
feet. He struggles up a steep and wooded
mountain side closely scanning tne line. Ah!
what's this? nothing out of common, a reducer.
this silent, but effective, mischief maker brings
the 4-inch to a terminus and starts out a 2-inch.
A hundred feet from the tank, yet another change,
this time to It^-inch. The inspector delivers a
brief lecture on the nature of electricity, attempts
to show him how so many electrical units of
power are being transformed into an approximate
equivalent of mechanical power to be measured
chiefly by the amount of water delivered at the
tank, and how, if the electricity be balked in doing
this, it will produce heat and burn out the fuse,
or armature should the fuse fail to work. "Then
we have too much power," says the foreman.
"Yes, in one way, but in another you have not;
had you continued the 4-inch line to the tank,
your power would have been absorbed in producing
water. The cure, now that we have found
the trouble, is easily applied. You haven't a
smaller pump and neither is there sumcient 4-inch
pipe to complete the line. The remedy is all
ready to put into force," replies the inspector.
"and not many feet from the pump." They returned
and pointing to a branch used to replenish
a watering trough, he says: "Regulate the flow
of this until you have just sufficient entering the
tank; let the balance run to waste until you have
an unbroken 4-inch conduit for which the pump
was built. Doing this will stop further waste of
fuse."
The imagination has not been drawn upon for
the above cases; they are facts and can be multiplied
many times from actual experience only
varying some in detail.
A squeeze is overrunning the mine. The inspector
is called and instructed to investigate the

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
cause, devise ways and means to terminate same
as soon as possible and prevent a recurrence. The
inspector peers patiently into every hole and
corner accompanied by tne mine foreman, a con­
scientious fellow that feels the condition of his
mine is stamping a never-to-be eradicated blot on
his managerial escutcheon. "Back along the
butts toward the main entries the room ribs were
mined out clean, I know that to be fact," says the
mine foreman, and the condition of the surface
indicates this. As this guarantees the safety of
the main entry all that can be done is to save the
material and attack chain pillars, ribs and stumps,
working them night and day to reduce the resist­
ance sufficiently and so produce another surface
break. This was done, effectually stopping the
trouble. Months after, a circuitous road was
driven ahead of the ruined part, sufficient barrier
was left, precluding the possibility of the creep
extending in that direction. The foreman is still
there. He has been reassured, the inspector has
proven to the satisfaction of all concerned, that,
had the foreman been the smartest mine manager
in existence he could not have prevented the dis­
aster. "His predecessor never had any trouble of
that nature." suggests some one. "No," said the
inspector, "because the system, up to the time of
his departure, was the proper one; at that time
it should have been altered, which the mine fore­
man had not the authority to do. The shaft, as
you remember, is situated in a vaney, the depth
to the coal being only 100 feet: the method of
mining was double entry, rooms 33 feet centers,
24 feet wide, leaving 9-foot ribs. Under the then
existing conditions this was barely sufficient to
steady the strata and allow the ribs to be drawn.
When this man took charge the entries were at
the point of entering under the surrounding hills,
which added from 400 to 600 feet of strata. Of
course, the method of running w-as not changed to
meet the altered surface conditions and before
the entries reached half way of their destination.
many of the rooms were worked out, nothing but
eoal veils left to resist the awful pressure of hills
nearly tall enough to reach the clouds. Natur­
ally, the ribs succumbed. The new style com­
pensates for all changes of surfaces that may
occur. The foreman was not culpable, but the
method or system was. There have been many
similar cases so it behooves us to look first to
the underground manager's environments before
condemning him for his seeming incompetency."
Previous to commencing development, all the
information concerning the territory, dip, nature
of roof, bottom, depth, etc, that it is possible to
obtain, should find an expression in the finally
adopted plan. This is an axiom among mining
engineers generally, but not always followed.
Often an engineer, to please his employer, will
indorse and incorporate suggestions from him
that he is convinced, by his knowledge of the nature
of the territory, should not be countenanced,
yet lacking the courage of his convictions they
become part and parcel of the scheme to the future
monetary loss of those he has patronized and the
detraction of his own character as an efficient
engineer. To a large number of operators any
scheme of mining that necessitates large ribs and
pillars is looked upon as wasteful and costly.
How much more so is one that proves inadequate.
bringing on a creep, burying beyond hope of re­
covery, thousands of tons of coal, not to mention
posts, rails, ties, etc.
The one all-important point to provide for in
room work is sufficient coal for room and rib to
ensure the stability of the working at all stages
of development. In the case cited above one
might ask, why were the rooms not cut down to
21 feet? This would not have prevented the
crash, as 12 feet of rib was not enough. A com­
mon fault of many systems of mining is their
inflexibility, no opportunity is given the superin­
tendent or foreman to exercise his judgment.
Take 33-foot room centers; in a shallow-covered
coal it will answer, but, how foolish to insist that
it is just the thing for all depths as some do.
Should the workings underlie the surface 300 to
600 feet the inevitable result follows, a creep.
Superintendent and foreman see it coming; they
are powerless; to drive rooms less than 21 feet
means a battle with the miners, this is a very
effectual barricade in that direction and the en­
gineer has just as effectually blocked him in the
other.
Let your superintendents have a little swing;
give them a plan pliable in its nature, something
they can bend to fit irregularities, say, 39 foot
centers; on your maps place contours of the sur­
face; say to him, here is a part of our property
where you will have only 100 feet of surface, try
and drive your rooms about 27 feet wide here,
leaving a 12-foot rib. now here are about 250
acres where the depth to the coal increases 300
feet, rooms should je 24 feet wide, ribs 15 feet.
Further over toward the boundary line you will
observe the contours show 400 to 600 feet; rooms
must not be more than 21 feet providing 18-foot
ribs. All these changes can be effected without
change of track or partings. Thus, under nearly
all surface conditions to be met with, generally
speaking, creeps can be prevented. This advice
was given by the inspector in the case cited and
it was adopted. 'this was nearly two years ago
and we have not heard of any creeps since. At
the same time chain pillars were increased from
30 to 45 feet to allow of machine room to be
driven up the center when the entries stumps are
being cleaned out. Besides no rooms are turned
nearer than 150 to 200 feet to the main entries.
(To BE CONTINUED).

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
A HOSPITAL
for indisposed Gages
Partial vie.v of Pittsburgh Gage & Supply Co.'s Hospital for Gages, showing every size, style and make of
Gage in process of repair, test, re-adjustment, refinishing and manufacture.
GAGES OCCASIONALLY REQUIRE PROFESSIONAL ATTENTION.
|\ ELICACY of construction and adjustment are essential characteristics of an
J 1 accurate and sensitive Gage. Greater or less derangement and deterioration
of the delicate mechanism cannot but result from the comparatively rough
usage ordinarily accorded these instruments in general service. Furthermore, even
under the best conditions, continued endurance of varying pressures, temperatures,
etc., necessarily induce slight alterations of adjustment, affecting the accuracy of
the index hand.
Every Gage, therefore, upon whose correct indications the safety of lives and property
depends, should be given occasional overhauling at the hands of competent
persons.
We are exceptionally well equipped for this work and our Gage Hospital offers
every facility for thorough and accurate repair, re-adjustment, refinishing and testing
of Gages of any make, size and style.
Our provisions for this line of ivork enable us to
do it well, quickly and at very loiv cost.
PITTSBURGH GAGE & SUPPLY CO,
PITTSBURGH, PA.

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
(CONTINUED FROM OCT. 2).
EXPLOSIONS AT RUSH RUN AND RED ASH
MINES, FAYETTE COUNTY, W. VA.,
In 1901 hoth of these mines were reported to he
dusty and as early as 1897 gas was found in the
Rush Run mine. On March 6, 1900, the Red Ash
mine exploded and killed 46 persons. That explosion
was caused primarily by the gas being ignited
wliich in turn caused the dust to be inflamed
which carried the explosion to all parts of the
mine. In describing this disaster the writer called
attention in his printed report of the danger
within mines due to the very fine dust made in
the mining of the eoal by machines and so far as
the writer is informed this was the first public
notice made of this danger incident to the use of
mining machines.
METEOROLOGIO (ATMOSPHERIC) CONDITIONS AFFECT­
ING DIST WITHIN BITUMINOUS COAL MINES.—Fine
dust within coal mines is a source of much danger
under several conditions:
1. In the presence of a very small percentage of
explosive gas, the dust under ordinary conditions
is in danger of exploding when ignited by a blast
or a blown-out shot.
2. Coal dust from mines producing a soft bituminous
gas or coking coal is dangerous in the
absence of marsh gas or any standing or intermingled
body of explosive gas.
3. The season of the year affects the condition
of the dust within the mines apd is the most important
factor leading up to a dust explosion.
Explosions in mines in which dust has been the
principal agent of destruction have, in all cases,
occurred during the cold or winter months. The
reasons are plainly apparent. The inside of a
mine maintains a rather constant temperature
throughout the year while the outside temperature
has a wide range. Ordinarily a drift mine
in the winter has a temperature of 55 degrees to
65 degrees while the outside temperature may be
40 degrees to 20 degrees or zero.
The current of air entering the mine at 30 degrees
can carry in suspension only a certain percentage
of moisture, and as its temperature is
increased in passing through the mine it has the
faculty to hold in suspension a greater percentage
of moisture which it takes from the surfaces exposed
within the mine, and in time makes the
mine exceedingly dry, except those places which
are made wet by a supply of water. The small
particles of dust are thus made to give up their
moisture, held mechanically, and at once become
saturated with oxygen in which condition the
dust and oxygen are in an unstable condition with
the other volatile and occluded gases of the dust.
Under these conditions the dust will explode
when flame from some source is propagated with
sufficient force and temperature. Such a force
may result, in a mine, from the explosion of gas,
dynamite, or powder, either confined or in the
open. In any event it requires a hot flame with
a high initial velocity to cause the dust to explode.
Experiments of technical mining commissions
have proven that any dry bituminous coal dust
in the absence of explosive gas can be made to
explode by discharging 10 Vi ounces of dynamite
so as to allow the flame of the explosion to communicate
with the dust, and also that Zy2 ounces
of dynamite will, under similar conditions, cause
the majority of coal dusts to explode.
Within the mines of this state it has been proven
that the dust of the mine has propagated an explosion
in non-gaseous mines caused by the blasting
of the coal with powder and also by the explosion
of powder confined within a powder keg.
In the first instance the shot performed its work
in bringing down the coal and was not a blownout
or windy shot.
In the second instance, as the result of a keg of
powder exploding, through improper handling, a
violent dust explosion extended over the greater
portion of a mine and caused the death of six
persons.
Within the Rush Run mine, about 250 feet from
the drift mouth, was standing a 16-ton electric
locomotive coupled to a string of empty mine cars
extending toward the mouth of the mine. Some
violent explosive, such as dynamite or nitroglycerine,
had been discharged between the flrst and
second cars from the locomotive which literally
tore to fragments these two cars, blowing the
second ear toward the drift mouth and the one
next to the locomotive beyond and under the locomotive.
About 10 feet from the locomotive and
at a point to which the end of the flrst car had
extended, within the rails of the track, was found
a piece of a metallic can which showed evidence of
heat and it was badly twisted and had a hole
blown through it. In our judgment this can contained
the explosive which caused the mine to explode.
How this explosive was placed there or
by whom no evidence is as yet obtained.
As a further precaution against the danger of
dust within these mines the management of the
operating company is having the mine piped for
the systematic distribution of water throughout
the mine. Some form of a spraying nozzle will
be used in connection with hose.
SUMMARY.
As to violation of law which may have been
the cause of this explosion, a clause of Section 10
of the mine law says: "In all mines generating
firedamp, accumulations of fine dry coal dust shall
as far as practicable, be prevented, and such dust
shall, whenever necessary, be kept properly
watered down."
1. In this particular the dust within the Rush

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
REMBRANDT PEALE, PRESIDENT. JNO. W. PEALE, GEN-L MANAGER. m
J. H. LUMLEY, TREASURER. f.
No. J BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N. Y. i
<

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Run mine was given insufficient attention by the
operating company or their employe whose duty
it was to enforce this law.
2. No report had been made by the night tire
boss on the outside of the mine for the benefit
of the night shift men, as is required by law,
Section 10.
3. The persons within the Rush Run and Red
Ash mines at the time of the first explosion, excepting
Hollie Jarrett, were there in violation of
the mine law, Section 10, wdiich says, in part:
"It shall be unlawful for any person to enter said
mine or mines for any purpose at the beginning
of work upon each shift therein until such signal
or warning has been given by said fire boss or
bosses, on the outside of said mine or mines as
to the safety thereof, ."
4. Finally, as to the ultimate cause of the explosion,
it remains to be learned by whom was
caused the initial explosion near the electric locomotive.
From all the evidence obtainable it appears that
the body of rescue workers was without organization
and not in control of any person in particular,
and for this reason their advance into the mine
was made without due caution for their own
safety.
Open lights were taken into the mine and only
two safety lamps were found with the rescuers.
The work of replacing the stoppings had progressed
as far in as the first crosscut beyond the
4th right heading wdiich was as far as the fresh
current of air had been conducted. Some distance
beyond this point at the Sth left entry, were
found the bodies of Thomas Bannister, fire boss,
and James Gwinn, and with them an open torch,
and about 75 feet beyond was found a safety lamp.
Within 100 feet of the 6th entry, on the main
entry, was found J. E. Phillips, lying partially on
his side and on a Davy safety lamp. This man
was about 515 feet beyond the cross-cut to which
the air-current had been conducted. It is quite
probable that Phillips had been overcome with
the afterdamp of the first explosion and was lying
on the floor of the mine wdien the second explosion
occurred, since the hair on the back of his head
was burned by the flame passing over him.
The force of this second explosion was not so
great as the first but it shot a flame out of the
mouth of the mine and destroyed all the brattices
consructed by the party of rescuers. Several per­
sons standing on the outside were hurled several
feet down the mountain side. As burning tim­
bers were found along the main entry after the
second explosion it is not known if that condition
existed as the result of the first or second explosion.
If, by the first explosion, then these burn­
ing timbers were a source of danger as much so as
an open torch. Either these burning timbers or
the open torches were responsible for the second
explosion.
The conditions which made this second explosion
possible are conjectural. The most plausible
theory is as follows: The first explosion consumed
practically all of the oxygen of the air
within the mine and a part of the finest dust.
Tiie heat from the explosion distilled the volatile
gas of the remaining coal dust. The resultant
gases of the explosion left the mine with a large
percentage of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide
gases. The carbon monoxide and the gases
distilled from the dust would form an explosive
mixture along with oxygen furnished by the fresh
current of air. and in the presence of an open
light or a blaze the conditions would be favorable
for an explosion.
The fire found in the coal and gob in the second
left may have furnished some carbon monoxide
gas. Members of the rescue party who happened
to be on the outside of the mine at the time of
the second explosion have stated that a strong
current of air was passing in the main entry and
that a good current of air had been conducted as
far as the fourth right entry.
On the right side of the mine, the rescuers had
explored along the third right as far as the Old
Straight eight and found at this point that the
overcast was destroyed by the first explosion. The
point of ignition of the second explosion was most
probably on the main entry beyond the fourth
right entry, and caused either by the open torch
found at the fifth left entry or by a burning timber.
The regular fire boss of this mine, Mr. Ban­
nister, was with the party of rescuers and lost his
life.
Under the circumstances it was unwise for the
men to have taken open lights into the mine. Had
no open lights been taken into the mine it would
lie conclusive that a fire within the mine was responsible,
but the presence of the open lamp found
at the fifth left will forever leave this question unsolved.
No statutory law was violated in connection
wdth the second explosion.
The Somerset Coal Co. of Somerset, Pa., and
Baltimore has absorbed the Quemahoning Valley
Coal Mining Co., owning 1,750 acres of the cream
of the Jenner field, Somerset county, Pa. With
the new acreage acquired by the Somerset Coal
Co. that concern now controls 24,0t>o acres in the
Jenner-Quemahoning basin. The original hold­
ings of the Somerset Coal Co. in Somerset county
comprised 15.000 acres.

INDUSTRIAL PROWESS OF PITTSBURGH
PRESENTED TO INTERNATIONAL CON­
GRESS IN BELGIUM BY VICE-PRESIDENT
ANDERSON OF THE PITTSBURGH CHAM­
BER OF COMMERCE.
Discussing Pittsburgh and its industrial advantages
before the recent International Congress
of Chambers of Commerce and Commercial and Industrial
Corporations at Lifge, Belgium, Mr.
George H. Anderson, vice-president of the Pittsburgh
Chamber of Commerce, said in part:
The great coal producing fields of which Pittsburgh
is the center are estimated to contain coal
sufficient to last 700 years at the present rate at
which the district is mined, viz.; about 35,000,000
tons per annum. In cheapness and excellence this
coal has a world-wide reputation and is a prime
factor in securing to Pittsburgh its pre-eminence
in industrial enterprises. Not only so, but with
unlimited coal deposits and favorable transportation
rates by rail to the Atlantic coast and water
to the gulf, other countries will pay tribute to
Pittsburgh for fuel supply in the future, aside
from being in itself a prime factor in economic
conditions, assuring industrial supremacy in perpetuity.
To move the enormous burden of traffic (not
considering freight in transit) in the year just
ended required 2,600,000 cars, containing 80,000.-
000 tons. Estimating the river and harbor traffic
at 10,000,000 tons, you have a total in tons of 90,-
000,000 for the Pittsburgh district. Eleven railways
are required to carry this freight, and even
with so large an equipment the service falls short
of carrying all the business that is offered.
Pittsburgh coal is carried 2,000 miles by the
Ohio and Mississippi rivers to New Orleans and
the Gulf of Mexico at $1 per ton, paying a profit
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
on its transportation. Raihvay freight would not
be less than $8, which would be simply prohibitive,
while in the other case it can be delivered
at tidewater and compete successfully for
the world's trade. A fleet of boats towed by one
steamer carried 50,000 tons to New Orleans. An
ordinary fleet will carry 12,000 to 25,000 tons.
The navigable streams of the great Mississippi
and Ohio valleys carry a burden of over 25,000,000
tons annually, which is distributed from the headwaters
of the Ohio to the Gulf of Mexico; thence
to the world's markets.
The total burden of traffic now carried annually
on the Ohio river and its navigable tributaries is
estimated at 20,000,000 tons, official reports giving
the harbor of Pittsburgh credit for 10,000.000 tons.
RECENT COAL TRADE PATENTS.
The following patents recently granted of interest
to the coal trade are reported expressly for
THE COAI. TRADE BTIXETIX by J. M. Nesbit, patent
attorney. Park building, Pittsburgh, Pa., from
whom printed copies may be procured for 15
cents each:
Compressed air water elevator, A. W. Drake,
Lattimer Mines, Pa.; 800,277.
Coal cutting machine, also mining machine (2),
C. O. Palmer. Cleveland, O.; 800,478 and 800.479.
Device for holding checks upon mine cars, J. M.
Wysor, Mannering, W. Va.; 800,781.
Machine for operating coal augers, J. H. Htthn,
Gypsy, W. Va.; 800,920.
Machine for operating coal augers, J. H. Huhn,
Uniontown, Pa.; S00.013.
Mining car, A. C. Latimer, Meadow Lands, Pa.;
801,147.
Miner's pick, Alexander Walker and R. W.
Mewes, Whatcheer, la.; 801.166.
©lb Colon? Coal 8. Coke Co.
1Re\>stone Builfcing, pittsburgb, IPa.
lipuer Steam Coal
(Ifioun&ville (3ae Coal
flIMnes = * *
Conndlevilk Cofee.
f Xigonier, B>a., fl>. 1R. IR.
) /IDounbs\nlle, m. Va., B. 8. ©. IR. IR.

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The Kansas City Coal & Fuel Co. has been incorporated
in Kansas City, Mo., with a capital of
$10,000.
The Chicorice Coal Co. has been incorporated in *
Santa Fe, N. M., with a capital of $10,000, by Baker & Bemey have succeeded to the coal busi-
Frank E. Jennison and others of New York City. nesg of Wa]e & Bakel- in Excelsior Springs, Mo.
The Hardin Lumber & Coal Co. has been incor- The Mulberry Coal Co. has been incorporated in
porated in Custer City, Okla., with a capital of Mulberry> Kas., with a capital stock of $2,500.
$25,000, by E. O. McCartney and others.
A. J. Lindblom & Co. have sold their implement Th e price of coal to the trade at Indiana mines
business, but will continue in the coal and grain was advanced 10 cents the ton this month.
business in Holdrege, Neb. #
* The James W. Price Transfer & Coal Co. has
The Domestic Coal Co. has been incorporated in |3een incorporated in Nashville, Tenn.
Paris, Texas, with a capital stock of $25,000, by
D. M. McGraw and others.
H. Maas, coal and feed dealer at Kansas City, has
* sustained a considerable fire loss.
The Western Coal, Coke & Fuel Co. has been incorporated
in Denver, Colo., with a capital stock
of $15,000. J- J- Mttllaney, a coal dealer of Hawarden, la.,
o. has given a bill of sale for $4,500.
The Western States Fuel Co. has been incorpor- *
ated in Oklahoma City, Okla.. with a capital stock The Risher Coal Co., of Ottumwa, la., has given
of $50,000. a bill of sale for $1,022.
M. M. COCHRAN, President. JOHN H. WURTZ, Sec'y and Treas.
W. HARRY BROWN, Vice President. J. S. NEWMYER, General Manager.
WASHINGTON GOAL & COKE COMPANY,
GENERAL OFFICE, DAWSON, FAYETTE COUNTY, PA.
YOUGHIOGHENY
COAL,
STEAM, GAS, COKING.
5,000 TONS, DAILY CAPACITY.
INDIVIDUAL CARS.
CONNELLSVILLE
COKE,
FURNACE, FOUNDRY, CRUSHED.
SHIPMENTS VIA B. & O. R. R., AND P. i L. E. R. R. AND CONNECTIONS.
SALES OFFICE : PITTSBURGH, PA.
N. P. HYNDMAN, Sales Agent. H. R. HYNDMAN, Asst. Sales Agent.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 65
'rt. ~^~ : W
J. L. SPANGLER, JOS. H. REILLY, Jos. B. CAMPBELL, °^
PRESIDENT. V. PREST. fc TREAS.
SECRETARY.
Duncan=Spangler Coal Company,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
"BLUBAKER" and "DELTA"
BITUMINOUS COAL,
AN A-NO. 1 ROLLING MILL COAL.
FIRST-CLASS FOR STEAM USES.
OFFICES:
1414 SO. PENN SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA. No 1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK
,-. SPANGLER, CAMBRIA COUNTY, PA.
r>5 *A
ACME COAL MINING CO.
GREENSBURG, PA.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
CELEBRATED
ACME AND AVONDALE
HIGH GRADE
STEAM COALS.
MINES, RIMERSBURG AND SHANNON STATION, PA.
SLIGO BRANCH B. & A. V. DIVISION OF P. R. R.
SALES AGENT:
H. J. HUNTSUYGER, p §g88SK L BUFFALO, N. Y.
Ui— x\j

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
PURITAN COAL MINING CO.,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
PURITAN AND CRESCENT
BITUMINOUS COALS.
+
Q)
STINEMAN COAL MINING COMPANY,
SOUTH FORK COALS,
26 South 15th Street,
PHILADELPHIA.
No. 1 Broadway,
NEW YORK.
• 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000aaa0000000aaaaaaaaaa0000000000000000000at
\ LIQONIER COAL COMPANY, !
; LATROBE, PA. ;
| __ _^ 5
IH IGH G RaOE ^S TEaM @* L i
| eONNELLSYILLE COKE. |
'"""""'"iiiaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaiaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat*
United Coal Company
& of Pittsburgh-Penna *
MINES ON MONONGAHELA RIVER, SECOND POOL; PITTSBURGH &. LAKE ERIE
RAILROAD; BALTIMORE & OHIO RAILROAD AND PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD.
Bank For .Savings Building',
New York Office. PITTSBURGH, PA.
Whitehall Building.
General Offices:
Westmoreland Gas Coal
Youghiogheny Gas &SteamCoal
Philadelphia Office:
Pennsylvania Building.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
| QEORQE I. WHITNEY. PRESIDENT. A. C. KNOX. TREASURER
HOSTETTER CONNELLSVILLE COKE COMPANY
HIGHEST GRADE
CONNELLSVILLE COKE
FURNACE AND FOUNDRY ORDERS SOLICITED.
FricK Building',
B BELL TELEPHONE. 696 COURT. "^»^^^ " I .T 1^ B U 1^. Vi il, "A., j
APPOLLO COAL CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
APOLLO HIGH GRADE STEAM COAL
AND
JOHNSTOWN MILLER VEIN
GENERAL OFFICES: COAL. GREENSBURG, PA.
J. P. MURPHY, President. W. L. DIXON, Vice-President and General Manager. JAS. J. FLANNERY, Treasurer.
MEADOW LANDS COAL GO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
PITTSBURGH COAL.
Mines at Meadow Lands,
On the Panhandle Railway.
DAILY CAPACITY 1,000 TONS.
GENERAL OFFICES:
Farmers Bank Bldg., 5th Ave. & Wood St.,
PITTSBURGH, PA.

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
EMPIRE COAL MINING CO.
BELLAIRE, OHIO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
Famous Empire No. 8 Coal.
CAPACITY 3,000 TONS DAILY.
MINES LOCATED ON
C. & P. R. R., B. & O. R. R. AND OHIO RIVER.
COMMUNICATIONS SHOULD BE SENT TO J. H. SANFORD, MANAGER, BELLAIRE, OHIO.
j IS L.
Greenwich Coal & Coke Co.,
Mines: CAMBRIA AND INDIANA COUNTIES.
Miners and Shippers of
"Greenwich"
Bituminous Coal.
Celebrated for
STEAM AND BI-PRODUCT PURPOSES.

R.P, IiUKdAN,
Pres. & Cen. Manager
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
GKO. M. HOSACK,
Vice President.
J. T. M. STH:
Sec'y & Treasurer.
CjlRNEGIE COAL COMPANY
•INCORPORATED] •
LARGEST INDEPENDENT MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF STRICTLY
PITTSBURGH
THIN-VEIN PAN-HANDLE
COAL. DAILY OUTPUT, 4,000 TONS.
SHIPMENTS ARE MADE VIA PENNSYLVANIA LINES, AND ALL CONNECTIONS.
MINES AT CARNEGIE, OAKDALE AND PRIMROSE, PA., ON THE P., C, C. & ST. L. RY,
GENERAL OFFICES, CARNEGIE, PA.
BELL PHONE NOS., CARNEGIE 70 AND 71.
^ • J
THE
STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE
"C C B
'POCAHONTAS""
^SMOKELESS.
A SYMBOL OF QUALITY
Our registered Trade Mark covering THE CELEBRATED C. C. B. POCAHONTAS SMOKELESS COAL,
corresponds to the Sterling Stamp on Silver, as the United States (leoloKical Survey has made it
THE STANDARD FOR GRADING ALL STEAM FUEL.
C. C. B. Pocahontas Smokeless
Is the only American Coal that has been Officially indorsed by the
Governments of Great Britain, Germany and Austria, and is the
Favorite Fuel with the United States Navy, which has used it
almost exclusively for many years.
UNEQUALED FOR THE GENERATION OF STEAM,
AND DOMESTIC PURPOSES.
CASTNER, CURRAN & BULLITT,
SOLE AGENTS
C. C. B. POCAHONTAS SMOKELESS COAL.
POCAHONTAS
TRADE MARK REGISTERED MAIN OFFICES: ARCADE BUILDING. 1 So. 15TH STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
BRANCH OFFICES :
1 BROADWAY. New YORK CITY, NEW YORK. OLD COLONY BUILDING. CHICAGO. III.
CITIZENS' BANK BUILDING, NORFOLK, VA 126 STATE STREET, BOSTON. MASS.
EUROPEAN AGENTS
HUM. BLYTH & COMPANY, 4 FENCHUHCH AVENUE. LONDON, E. C ENGLAND.
NEAVE BUILDING, CINCINNATI, OHIO.
TERRY BUILDING. ROANOKE. VA.
59

60 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
JAMES KERR, PRESIDENT A. E. PATTON, TREASURER
Jjeect) ^reek v^oal o ^oke v^o.
No. 17 BATTERY PLACE, NEW YORK CITY,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
PARDEE, PATTON. AND ARCADIA GOALS, j!
OWNERS OF
Port Liberty Docks in New York Harbor,
Orders For Coal Should Be Forwarded To The
BEECH CREEK COAL & COKE CO., - - 17 BATTERY PLACE, NEW YORK CITY
LUHRIG
THE
MINES LARGE.
COAL
NO SLACK. NO
LONG DISTANCE PHONE
MAIN 3094
SLATE. NO CLINKER.
BURNS TO A WHITE ASH.
MINED ONLY BY
LUHRIG
FOURTH AND PLUM
COAL
STREETS,
CINCINNATI,
CO.
OHIO.
fi.m-
P^
e

GOAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Vol. XIII. PITTSBURGH, PA., NOVEMBER 1, 1905. No. 11.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN;
PUBLISHED TWICE A MONTH.
Copyrighted by THE COAL TRADE COMPANY, 1905.
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STHAUB, Managing Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION, - - - - $2 00 A YEAR
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THK COAL TRADE COMPANY.
926-930 PARK BUILDING, PITTSHIIRGH, PA.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh, Pa., as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
THE SOARING PRICE OF CONNELLSVILLE COKE and
the increasing demand for the same, without any
further information on the subject, would be
sufficient to warrant the conclusion that the gradu­
ally gathering iron and steel boom is well under
way. The apparent dullness of the summer sea­
son was calculated to deceive those not well posted
on the market conditions and prospects; but it
was only "scouring up" time. The conditions
for a year or more have pointed toward increased
and increasing trade. The country has been
prosperous and at no time more so than this fall.
Our crops, which are always a mighty factor in
our prosperity, are uniformly and exceptionally
good. They are all that were needed to insure
another wave upon the wave of our welfare. There
has been further increase in coke production in
the past fortnight. There will be no special
enort made to materially increase production at
the present time, as tne railroads are having con­
siderable difficulty in getting the present supply
to its destination. During the past two or three
weeks the car suuply, though somewhat short of
the region's requirements, has really been better
than was anticipated, and has not crippled the
trade to any great extent. With the car shortage
so general it would not be surprising if tne coke
trade should suffer more or less from tnis cause
during the coming weeks, though strenuous efforts
will be made to prevent suc.i a condition.
* * *
COKE AMI ITS BY-PRODUCTS is the subject of an
exhaustive and comprehensive article by Mr. T. .1.
Easter, president of the Pittsburgh Fuel & Iron
Co., part of which appears on other pages. The
paper was written in contemplation of its presen­
tation before the Monday Night Club of Pitts­
burgh, which is an East End social and educa­
tional organization including women. It there­
fore handled explicitly elementary features of
the industry. But it strikes a most important
keynote. We are just on the threshold of this
by-product industry which means great plants to
utilize the gas and all by-products at industrial
centers remote from where the coking coal is
produced. At many of these more or less great
distances involved, the raw material may be ship­
ped and paid for and separated into the coke and
the by-products at a less cost than the coke alone
could be delivered from the one or two great pro­
ducing fields. These considerations go far be­
yond the significance in coal requirements for such
enterprises, meaning cheaper gas and all coke
by-products and the valued fuel itself besides vast
industrial developments.
m m *
DISPATCHES FROM HAZLETON REPORT that the gen­
eral superintendent and other officials of the Read­
ing company have been inspecting the coal prop­
erties of G. B. Markle & Co., and it is inferred
from this that the purchase of the Markle proper­
ties is impending. It is not a violent inference.

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The Lehigh Valley conipany has acquired the coal
mines of Coxe Brothers, and as the same company
has bought the Delaware. Susquehanna & Schuyl­
kill, the Markle firm can no longer force it to
deliver cars when wanted, and it is presumed that
it would be willing to sell for a fair price. The
elimination of the independent producers was in­
dicated four or five years ago when J. P. Morgan
& Co. bought the Pennsylvania Coal Co. and sold
it to the Erie Railroad. The price paid for that
coal property proved that the independent coal
companies were still making—or had been making
up to date—liberal profits.
* * *
IN AN INTERESTING ARTICLE descriptive of the
Iselin coal plant m Indiana county, Pa., by Mr.
J. L. Dixon, mining engineer of the Ingersoll-
Rand Co.. and appearing on other pages of this
issue, a notable feature is the statement that the
system of firing in the boiler house provides for
practical elimination of smoke from the stacks.
It is a bit singular that a system providing this
should lie installed in a comparatively isolated
spot, where smoke is not objected to and coal that
is far from smokeless is used. The stoker sys­
tem employed provides nearly perfect combustion.
There are other features of the plant described
tnat are of exceptional interest.
Because of untimely warbling of the song,
"Everybody Works but Father," one Pittsburgh
father has disappeared and another has nearly
killed his son and his son-in-law. Too much of
this Wagnerian music is bound to produce disaster.
Some one should get Lew Dockstader to
dig up "Old King Coal." The effect would not be
so strenuous.
—o—
These price understandings, gentlemen's agreements,
or whatever you may call them, do very
well when there's a market. Other times they
are just smokers with an occasional individual
side-step to long-distance booth or telegraph desk.
—o—
Black Diamond, Chicago, says: "Evidently
there is nothing so mean about the coal men that
it does not find its way into the columns of the
daily press. Now they are being associated with
the beef trust in the public press."
— o —
In the retail markets in Philadelphia, a ton of
coal is 2.240 pounds; in New York, 2,000 pounds;
and some suburbs only 1,900 pounds.
— o —
Mr. Operator for a time will likewise be paid
for taking up the bottom bone.
UMPIRE NEILL RENDERS DECISIONS IN TWO
IMPORTANT ANTHRACITE LABOR QUES­
TIONS, ONE FAVORING MINERS.
Umpire C. P. Neill recently at Hazleton rendered
decisions in two of the most important
grievances brought before tne board of conciliation.
The first decision relates to contract miners
at the Plymouth colliery of the Delaware & Hudson
Coal Co. This grievance relates entirely to
the lifting of bottom bone. Before and after the
award of the anthracite coal strike commission
and until September, 1904, the miners were paid
50 cents per yard for lifting bottom bone, regardless
of thickness. In September, 1904, however,
the company notified the miners that it would not
pay for lifting bottom bone unless it exceeded eight
inches in thickness. The miners at once claimed
they had suffered a reduction, and the umpire
decides that under the agreement of a fixed rate
for lifting bottom bone, "whether thick or thin,"
the men are entitled to the given rate, no matter
how thick bone becomes. The final decision of
the umpire is that whenever a miner cannot avoid
taking up the bottom bone along with the coal he
is entitled to an allowance of 55 cents a yard,
unless the miner without orders lifts bottom bone,
when it could have been left down, when he shall
have no claim on the company.
The second grievance is that of the contract
miners at the Ontario colliery of the Scranton
Coal Co., relative to yardage. The miners contend
that up to 1902 they were paid $2 per yard
for taking down rock to make height for car and
after the award of the commission the rate was
increased to $2.20 per yard, which continued until
August, 1904, when the price was cut in some
places to $1.50, some to $4.75 and others to $1.93
per yard. The umpire refuses to sustain the
grievance, contending that the case at issue is one
to which the award of the commission is not
applicable.
E. D. Fulton and W. W. Parish, of Uniontown,
Pa., sold three-fourths of their holdings in the
Geneva Coal & Coke Co., located at New Geneva,
Pa., in the Klondike region, to M. D. McKeefrey
of Leetonia, Pa., who is associated with the Atlas
Coke Co., and Wilson A. Shaw, president of the
Bank of Pittsburgh. The price paid for the holdings
was $465,000.

ADDENDA TO MINING SCALE IN IOWA
COVERING TEXT OF AGREEMENTS
WHERE DIFFERENCES AND NEW CON­
DITIONS HAD ARISEN.
Secretary and Commissioner John P. Reese of
the Iowa Coal Operators' Association has issued
his report covering wage adjustments made in the
period of July to October. The text follows:
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
HOCKING, IOWA. July 17, 1905.
Case No. 73, decision by White and Reese.
The following entry agreement was adopted to
govern the mines of the Hocking Coal Co. from
July 16, 1905, to April 1, 1906, it being understood
that the following prices apply to single shift,
and when entries are double shifted, the usual
25 cents per yard extra shall be paid. The company
have the right to work entries double under
this agreement.
Entry with normal conditions, any thickness,
2.34 per yard.
It is understood that a normal entry is one
where rock or other impurities do not so occur as
to prevent cutting the full height of the vein.
Entry Z\'2 to 6K> feet vein, deficient by having
rock or other impurities, price, including coal,
5.58 per yard.
Entry 3\2 to 6'/2 feet vein, deficient by having
rock or other impurities, not sufficient to cut,
price including coal, 5.80 per yard.
Entry 6Vi feet to 8 feet vein, deficient by having
rock or other impurities, price including coal,
b.10 per yard.
Entry %y, to 8 feet vein, deficient by having
rock or other impurities, not sufficient coal to
cut, price including coal, 6.60 per yard.
Where the vein is under three and one-half feet
or over eight feet in thickness, or where jumpers
have to be used, entries shall be worked by the
day or at such price per yard as may be agreed
upon between the entrymen and the pit boss. If
by the day, the wages shall be $2.55 per day, the
company to furnish tools and supplies.
In deficient entries, entrymen to load out rock
and other impurities.
(Signed I JOHN P. REESE.
JOHN P. WHITE.
MYSTIC, IOWA, July 19, 1905.
Case Number 74; decision by Lyons and Reese.
1. It is agreed that the local president and the
miners employed at Lodwick's slope did wrong
by shutting down the mine to-day. The action
was a violation of the Des Moines agreement, and
the men employed at that mine are subject to
the fine of 25 cents each provided for in resolution
No. 19, but the fine will not be collected for the
reason that the local president admitted making
the mistake and assured us that he would never
repeat the offense, and on the further condition
that the men affected and subject to a fine would
be informed of this condition, the operator agreed
to not collect the fine.
2. It is further agreed that the two men who
had been suspended for fighting at the Tipple
would be reinstated at once, but would not be
paid compensation for the day lost.
3. In agreeing to reinstate the men in question
it was with the distinct understanding that it
was because the fight occurred after quitting time
and had it occurred in the mine during the time
the mine was in operation, or had it interfered in
any way with the operation of the mine, the company
would have been sustained in making the
suspension. (Signed) ROBERT LYONS,
JOHN P. REESE.
BUSSEY, IOWA, July 24, 1905.
Jase No. 75; decision by Baxter and Reese.
1. It was agreed that if it was proven that Larson
and Brooks were given extra yardage on account
of rock during the first half of July, that
the men driving the main entry and the third and
fourth south shall be paid on the same basis, but
if it is not proven, then the claim shall be dropped.
2. "When the rock in any entry prevents the
cutting of the full height of the vein, by running
from rib to rib, it shall be considered a deficient
entry and paid for according to resolution No. 10.
3. The entrymen will load out all impurities
for 16 cents per car the same as mine No. 7, and
the impurities shall not be counted on the turn
with the coal. 'this decision applies to mine No.
11 of the Mammoth Vein Coal Co.
(Signed) WILLIAM BAXTER.
JonN P. REESE.
DURFEE. IOWA, August 11, 1905.
Case No. 80; decision by Baxter and Reese.
It is agreed that the Shoddy or Bastard coal in
the rooms in dispute is a part of the vein, hence
it cannot be classed as "false top," but must be
considered in the same light as other impurities
in the vein. WILLIAM BAXTER,
JOHN P. REESE,
BUXTON, IOWA, Sept. 13. 1905.
Case No. 86; decision by J. P. White and Reese,
applying to cutting machine.
1. It is hereby agreed that the machine work
at mine No. 14 shall continue as at present until
the tower has been erected, and the situation such
that coal can be screened and weighed according to
the agreement.
2. It is further agreed that the following prices
and conditions shall be adopted at mine No. 11
as soon as the machine is installed: A.—The
machine runner shall be paid $2.65 per day, the
machine runner's helper, $2.23 per day. B.—The
loader shall receive 45 cents per ton for loading
the coal after it has been cut and shot. C.—Drillers
and shooters shall be paid $2.42 per day.
(CONTINUED ON PAGE 48).

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
INTERESTING FEATURES OF THE MODEL NEW MINING PLANT AT ISELIN, PA.
By .1. L. Dixon. Mining Engineer of the Ingersod-Rand Drill Co., Pittsburgh.*
The Pittsburgh Gas Coal Co. was organized
during the year 1903, and owns 6,000 acres of the
highest grade coal of the great Pittsburgh seam,
which exhaustive tests have proven to be a first-
class gas and steam coal. The seam averages
7 feet in thickness. The Iselin plant of the Pittsburgh
Gas Coal Co. is an allied interest of the
Jefferson-Clearfield Coal & Iron Co. and of the
Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal & Iron Co.. and is
only one of the many notable plants of this combination,
which is one of the greatest coal and
coke producing concerns in the world, its daily
production being more than 30,000 tons, and even
I his enormous output is being very much increased.
There is hardly a mine belonging to
this company which is not worthy oi special and
detailed notice, some of them having a daily output
of from 3,500 to 4.000 tons. One of them.
the Ernest colliery, will in a comparatively short
time be handling 6,000 tons per day over one
tipple equipped with two Phillips Mine & Mill
Supply Co.'s dumps.
The Pittsburgh Gas Coal Co.'s colliery is located
at Iselin, Indiana county, Pa., on a branch of the
Indiana division of the B. R. & P. R. R., which
extends 18 miles from Creekside in a southwesterly
direction to the valuable gas coal fields of
the company, and was built especially for the
transportation of eoal from these mines. There
are two openings known as No. 1 and No. 2. The
conditions for mining are almost ideal, tns coal
cropping in the hills at tipple height, and giving
sufficient distance for tne handling of long trips
from the mine openings. The mines are practically
self-draining, which is an added value to
the property, making it easy to maintain dry
haulage roads, dry working peaces and reducing
cost of subterranean transportation to a minimum.
The method of mining is known in mining par­
lance as the triple entry system. It is a method
which admits of perfect ventilation, the highest
economy of ultimate extraction of coal, concentra­
tion of operation and greatest facility of haulage.
While all of these are
necessities, too much can­
not be said regarding the
importance of ventilation,
both from an economic and
humanitarian point of view.
Upon this largely depends
the health and safety of the
workmen and consequently
the successful operation of
the mine. For this pur­
pose each mine is equipped
with a fan of ample siza and
capacity to supply an abund­
ance of pure air, even when
the mines shall have at­
tained their ultimate development.
At No. 1 a rever­
sible, double inlet Clifford-
Capel fan, 16 feet by 6 feet,
Fig. 1. Iselin Plant Power House and Til Iilc.
has been installed; this is
driven by a 20-inch by 18-inch Harrisburg stand-
»Eevlsed from article by Mr. Dixon, appearing in "Coniprossed
Air, Now \ ork, in (September. Cuts by courtesy of "Mines and
Minerals, Scrauton.
aid engine, and is capable of producing 300,000
cubic feet of air per minute. No. 2 is ventilated
by a fan of tbe same make and description, 12%
inches by 5 inches, run by an electric motor, and
capable of producing 200.000 cubic feet, or a combined
capacity of half a million cubic feet of air
per minute. This is an enormous volume of air,
and far in excess of actual demands, but even this
would be of little value unless properly distributed.
The workings are ventilated by the "split air
system." which by means of brick stoppings, overcasts
and regulators gives each division of the
mine a sufficient current of pure air.
The boiler house and power house are under
one roof (Fig. 1); the rooms are separated
by a 12-inch brick partition; the building is 128
feet long, 89 feet wide, 35 feet from floor to lower
cord of roof truss, and is fireproof, being built of
stone and brick, with iron roof trusses and slate

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
roof. The boiler plant consists of six Sterling boilers where the gases are being distilled. The
water tube boilers, each 405 horse-power, all equip- mingling of these elements in proper proportion
ped with the Jones underfeed automatic stokers, produces nearly perfect combustion, so that there
working very successfully (Fig. 2). is practically no smoke seen issuing from the
boiler stacks. The -writer con­
fesses to being very agreeably sur­
prised at seeing such scientific,
smokeless firing at a coal mine, and
those cities, whose atmosphere is
rendered filthy and obnoxious by
the wasteful and ignorant consump­
tion of the same fuel which is
burner] at this mine with scarcely
a sign of smoke, may well learn a
profitable lesson.
The power house is equipped with
one ten-ton Standard hand-power
traveling crane, 51 feet 1 inch span
from centre to centre of the bridge
wheel, and 2S feet lift, so arranged
that it can lift and convey any
piece of the machinery to any part
of the building. The electric power
is generated by two General E.ectric
generators, each 300 K. W. 550 volts
form H. direct connected, and run
by Harrisburg standard four-valve
automatic self-oiling engines. These
engines are of the best type, and
Fig. 2. Boiler Fronts and .Tones Stokers, Iselin Plant. are wen known as economical users
One of the most economical features of the of steam. Two dynamos are set, and the founda-
Iselin plant is the method used in conveying the tion is placed fer the third dynamo and third
slack coal to the bins in the boiler house, and engine. The haulage inside and outside of the
firing by mechanical stokers. As the
coal runs over the screens, the slack
drops on a belt conveyor and is conveyed
and automatically dumped into
the coal bins; from tne bins it runs
through spouts to the stoker hoppers
and by the stokers is put underneath
the boilers; thus from the time the
miner loads the coal, that portion of
it used for boiler fuel is handled only
by mechanical means, and in the most
economical manner. 1 he stokers are
automatic and can be regulated accord­
ing to the steam requirements.
At this plant, the Pittsburgh coal,
which has made the city of Pittsburgh
notorious for its smoky atmosphere,
is being burned underneath the boilers
in such a manner as to render it prac­
tically smokeless coal. This is accomplished
by means of the stokers,
the coal being fed tnrough and in a
retort under the fires, while the air is ^ig. 3. Ingersoll Sergeant Compressor at Iselin Plant.
admitted at an equalized pressure through the mines is done by electricity; the locomotives are
tuyere openings into the fuel bed at a point be- of the General Electric and Jeffrey Mfg. Co. types;
tween the green coal and that burning under the the main haulage motors weight 10 tons each.

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
while motors of a special type weighing from 4 1 /.
to 6 tons, are used for gatnering, and are doing
very satisfactory work.
All the coal at Iselin is produced by Ingersoll-
Sergeant pick machines, and the compressed air
plant is of such an advanced and notable character
that it is worthy of detailed and extended notice.
It represents in all particulars the best features
of compressed air as applied to the production of
coal, and from an economic standpoint is probably
unsurpassed by any coal plant of any description
anywhere, and is the result of an experience by
this company extending over many years.
The two compressors which supply the power
for operating the coal cutting machinery were
built by the Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Co. (Fig. 3.)
They are Corliss driven of the semi-tangye frame
type; have cross-compound steam and air cylinders
and are designed to operate non-condensing; each
has the following: High pressure steam cylinder,
23-inch diameter by 42-inch stroke; low pressure
steam cylinder, 38-inch diameter by 42-inch stroke;
low pressure air cylinder, 37-inch diameter by 42-
inch stroke: high pressure air cylinder, 23'/i-inch
diameter by 42-inch stroke; receiver intercooler,
54-inch diameter by 15 feet 6 inches high.
When operating at a speed of 75 revolutions per
minute, each compressor has a piston msplacement
of 3,790 cubic- feet per minute and is designed for
a final working air pressure of 90 to 100 pounds
per square inch. These compressors represent
the highest development of machinery of this class.
Fig. 4. Interior of Tipple at the Iselin Plant.
The steam valve gear is of the latest improveu
Corliss type, fitted with vacuum dashpots; the
valves slotted at one enu to receive the tee shall
heads of the valve stems, and are so constructed
that any valve can be taken out without disturbing
the valve stems or changing the adjustment of
the valve gear. The air cylinders are equipped
with the well known piston inlet valve. The
weight of each compressor is over li«,000 pounds.
The intercooler for eacn compressor is connected
between the high and low pressure air cylinders
and contains a nest of tinned brass tubes through
which water circulates, and each of tnese coolers
has ample cooling surface to reduce the air to
its initial temperature before entering the high
pressure air cylinder. In addition to this, each
intercooler has a receiver capacity to hold suffi­
cient volume of air to maintain a uniform intake
pressure for horse-power cylinder.
The mining machines are the very latest development
of the "puncher" and must not be confounded
with old and obsolete types wnich they
only resemble in outward appearance. The improvements
effected in pick machines during the
last decade have been so marked that their cutting
capacity has been almost doubled, while ease of
operation, simplicity of construction and absence
of repairs have created for them an unprecedented
market. The type used exclusively at this colliery
is the H-7 model of the "New Ingersoll"
puncher, which weighs 700 pounds and undercuts
5 feet. This was finally adopted after several
other types had been thoroughly tested.

Particular attention has been paid to both the
steam and air piping of this plant, and in both
the highest economy and efficiency have been obtained.
The former is the work of the Pittsburgh
Gage & Supply Co.; the latter was put in by
Messrs. Heyl & Patterson. Th? main line is
14-inch steel pipe, standard weight, witn heavy
cast iron flanges, screwed and peaneil on; this
runs to a receiver on the outside of the power
house; from the receiver a 10-inch wrought iron
pipe runs 600 feet to a smaller receiver near the
entrance of No. 1 mine; from the second receiver
an 8-inch line runs into number one and two
openings, forming tne main line from which pipe
is laid in the cross entries of varying sizes accord­
ing to the lengths of said entries. The piping
system was laid out with great care, ana is designed
to give the highest efficiency with the least
expenditure. With the concentrated working
system in vogue at this plant an excessive amount
of pipe is not a necessity, for when a sufficient
development has been attained to produce the requisite
output, the pipe can be withdrawn from
cross entries and rooms as they are finished and
used again in further developments. In this way
a comparatively small amount of pipe can be used
to mine a vast area, reducing me investment to a
small faction of one per cent, per ton.
The steam piping, as has been noted, was in­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
stalled b.v the Pittsburgh Gage & Supply Co., of
Pittsburgh, Pa. In making up the plans for this
piping it was decided to install such lines as
would make this part of the equipment not only
complete in every detail, but also that there should
be the least possibility of closing down the plant
on account of accidents or breakages. Each individual
boiler is connected to two header lines,
one being a main header and the other an auxiliary
header; the size of the main header is 12
inches, and tbe size of the auxiliary header is 10
inches. The individual connections to the boilers
consist of 90-degree bends, together with three gate
valves, one placed on top of boiler nozzle arid one
in each branch to th? two headers. Both header
Fig. 5. Cross-Over Dump, Iselin Plant, installed by Phillips Mine and Mill Supply Co.
lines are supplied with necessary gate valves so
that either header line can be used at the same
time. The two header lines are connected into
a cross line, which enters the engine room, and
from which branches are run to the air compressors,
the electric engines and i.ie pumping
machinery. All connections to the machinery are
made from the main header line by using pipe
bends. In this manner all the contraction and
expansion, also vibration in lines, should there be
any. are taken care of. At no point are there to
be found any stiff connections which might break
on account of any undue expansion or contraction.
All material in these high pressure steam lines is

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
of extra heavy pattern manufactured in the shops
of the Pittsburgh Gage & Supply v_o.. and is made
suitable for working pressure of 2b0 pounds per
square inch.
• On the feed lines for boilers, connections are
made to both th : injectors and also the pumps,
so that boilers can be fed with either one or the
other, and cross connections are made so that all
machines are by-passed in a suitable manner. The
main exhaust line is 24 inches in diameter and is
made of wrought iron pipe with heavy peaning
flanges. This exhaust line is by-passed around
th? heater, so th?t if at any time the heater is
oui of service the steam can be sent direct to the
atmosphere. All the smaller exhaust lines are
connected into this main exhaust line which runs
under the floor to a point near the heater, and
from this point to the heater into which it passes,
and from there is run to atmosphere and is capped
by a 21 inch Pittsburgh vacuum exhaust head,
manufactured by the same company.
The flanges on high pressure piping larger than
12 inches are rolled steel and are peaned on the
pipe; sizes 12 inches and under are rolled steel
and are screwed on pipe and are afterwards
peaned. This makes a very secure joint and the
faces of all flanges are made male and female to
insure joints against the liability of gaskets blow­
ing out. All valves on high pressure lines are of
the outside screw and yoke pattern and are suitable
for 250 pounds pressure.
It will be conceded that no portion of the equipment
of a modern mine is of more importance
than the tipple, for no matter what the capacity
of the workings and the haulage system may be,
unless the coal can be placed on the railroad cars
in proper condition for the mai'Ket all other improvements,
let them be ever so costly, are of
no avail. In other words, the success of the
plant depends very largely on the ability or the
tipple and 7 tipple machinery to handle and properly
prepare the coal for sale. From the illustrations
of the exterior, interior and machinery of
the tipple one can gain some iaea of the magnitude
of the structure which is able to care for
and to handle 5.000 tons of coal in ten hours.
The-tipple is of steel construction throughout,
except the floor whicli is of 4-inch oak; it is 222
feet long and 36 feet wide; 204 feet is protected
by corrugated iron sides and roof. '(here are
five tracks on the tipple, the middle one being the
motor track; the loaded tracks aie on each side
of the motor track; the two outside tracks are
used for empties (Fig. 41. As the two systems
of loaded and empty tracks are duplicates, only
one will be considered. The motor enters the
tipple at the head of the train; after being uncoupled
it switches to the motor track and re­
turns to a point where it may be coupled at the
head of a trip of empty cars. The motor leaves
the front end of the train over the trip feeder
chain whicli is arranged to drop automatically to
allow the motor to pass over it. The trip feeder
handles a maximum trip of 50 cars at the rate
of six cars per minute. As the cars leave the
trip feeder the coupling pins are pulled, after
which they are run by gravity over a set of standard
•scales and into either of the two Phillips au­
tomatic cross-over dumps (Fig. b), and are
dumped over screens furnished by the Phillips
Mine & Mill Supply Co. Having been dumped,
the cars run to a kick-back from which they
Fig. 0. Miller's Dwelling at Iselin Plant.
travel by gravity to the trip maker. Each trip
maker has a capacity of 50 empty cars at the
rate of six cars per minute: the trip maker pushes
the train ahead one car length as each car is
delivered. The cars are coupled together immediately
after leaving the trip maker and are then
in shape to be taken care of by the motor as soon
as the trip is made up.
There are two separate sets of screens which
may be operated together or separately. They
furnish run-of-mine. lump, nut and slack, and load
the same either separately or mixed in any manner
desired. There are four loading tracks underneath
the tipple, two lump tracks, or run-of-mine,
one mit track and one for slack.
The water supply is collected in a dam and run
by gravity to the boiler house where it passes
through a Forge-Cochran heater and purifier, and
is pumped into the boilers. The pumps used are
three 10-inch by 7-inch by 12-inch duplex Jeansville
pumps; one is used for the boiler, one for
the town and one extra that can be used for either
purpose. Two drilled wells, each 315 feet deep,
have been put down, which insures an abundance
of pure, cold water for the town at all seasons.
The smith shop, the carpenter's shops, the machine
shop and motor barn are all under one roof;

the building is 161 feet long. 38 feet wide and 24
feet high; it is built of brick, has slate roof and
is practically fireproof. The power for running
all machinery is generated by an electric motor;
the shops are well equipped with tools so that all
repairs can be made promptly and on the ground.
The equipment was furnished by Brown & Zortman,
Pittsburgh. Pa., and consists of the following:
One No. 0 Bickfor,. radial drill; one 27 inch
hy 16-inch R. K. Le-Blonde engine lathe; one
2-inch Reliance bolt-cutting machine; one 12-inch,
and one 2-inch Williams pipe machine; one toolgrinding
machine; one 150-pound Beandry Champion
power hammer, and other tools, making in all
a complete repair shop.
It is not often in the description of a colliery
that one feels like pausing to descrioe the beauties
of the surrounding landscape. Usually the environments
are gloomy and forbidding; here, however,
the valley is a lovely one, its gently sloping
sides covered with a fine, original forest growth
of oak and maple, entirely free from an undergrowth,
the green sward giving it a distinctive
park-like appearance, while from the hilltops one
sees fertile and well-kept farms stretching away
in every direction.
Fortunately, the town of Iselin is not a blot
on this landscape—it is rather an auded beauty;
for no pains or expense have been spared to make
it fully up to the high standard wnich the originators
of this plant had in view long before it was
given a local habitation and a name. In laying
out the town, a fine grove some six acres in extent
has been reserved for a recreative park, and
wherever possible the trees have been spared, so
that the houses present a pleasing appearance; a
pleasant picture, indeed, contrasted with the
average mining village.
Figure No. 6 shows the style of house. The interior
arrangements are very convenient and the
exterior pleasing to the eye. The Hyde-Murphy
Co., of Ridgway, Pa., are the builders and architects
of these houses; the plans were carefully
worked out for Mr. L. W. Robinson, whose ideas
they embodied. There is nothing cheap or flimsy
in their construction; all work has been done with
a view to comfort and permanency. The roofs
are all of slate laid on slater's felt; each house
has a cellar with frost-proof foundation walls 18
inches thick; the weather boarding is %-inch
white pine. The flooring is of yellow pine, and
all the woodwork except the floors, is painted with
two coats of lead and oil paint; the interiors are
neat and comfortable, being plastered with an
especially prepared plaster which is so tough that
it cannot easily be defaced or destroyed; this is
tinted with co'd water paint. In the kitchen
there is an 18-inch by 30-inch galvanized sink,
with cold water supply; the wash room also has
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
running water, and both are connected by a waste
pipe to the sewer.
In laying out the town, care was taken that
each house should have an ample allotment of
land, which, in addition to garden privileges, se
cures to each householder that uegree of privacy
necessary to a home. The streets are of generous
width, and are being graded and macadamized;
proper sanitation is assured by a complete
sewer system and an abundant supply of pure
water at a sufficient pressure for flushing, sprinkling
and fire protection. The town is also to lie
electrically lighted, a somewhat unusual feature
in a mining village remote from other enterprises
and interests.
The store is a large brick building, more like
a modern department store than those ordinarily
found at coal works. The grocery department,
men's furnishing department, crockery and hardware,
dry goods, meat market and offices are on
the first floor. The second floor is devoted to
all kinds of furniture and household goods, and
also contains two sleeping rooms with baths. This
business is conducted on an equitable basis; both
prices and goods will compare favorably with
those in any city. The management recognizes
the fact that the workmen are entitled to a square
deal and they get it here. The organization of
this company and its successful installation of
mines which rank among tne finest and best equipped
mines of the world for the economic production
of coal are due to the personality and efficient
management of its president and general manager,
Mr. Lucius W. Robinson.
Low Round Trip Fares West and Southwest.
Special Home-Seekers' Excursions via Pennsylvania
Lines.
Any one may take advantage of the reduced
round trip fares for the special Home-Seekers'
excursions via Pennsylvania Lines, to visit points
in Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri,
Montana, Nebraska, the Dakotas, Oregon, Washington,
Texas and other sections in the West and
in all states of the South.
Stop-over privileges permit travelers to investigate
business openings. These tickets will be
on sale on certain dates until and including December
19. Detailed information as to fares,
through time, etc., will be furnished upon application
to Local Ticket Agent of the Pennsylvania
Lines, or J. K. Dillon, District Passenger Agent,
515 Park building, Pittsburgh, Pa.
The Canton Grain Co. has been succeeded in the
fuel and grain business in Canton, S. D., by the
Elevator Co.

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
AMENDING PENNSYLVANIA MINE LAWS.
In the annual report of the department of mines
of Pennsylvania, which has just appeared. James
E. Roderick, chief of the department, makes the
following suggestions:
In last year's report attention was called to
the necessity of amending the mine laws of Pennsylvania,
and the opinion was expressed that one
law, modeled after the English law, would meet
all the needs of this state. The law is enacted
to safeguard the health and life of the employes
and to preserve the property of the operators.
Whatever tends to protect the life and preserve
the health of the anthracite miner would fulfil
tne same purpose with the bituminous miner. It
is not the duty of the department of mines to
draw up a new code of mine laws, unless instructed
to do so by the governor, but we assume
it to be our duty to call attention to this important
matter.
The legislature should pass a resolution authorizing
the governor to appoint a commission, whos?
duty it should be to draft a mine law to meet, as
tar as possible, the present conditions of the mining
industry. Or. two commissions might be appointed,
one to revise the anthracite law, and one
to revise the bituminous law. Both the operators
and the mine workers are fully aware of the
need that exists for such revision, but they are
deterred from making an effort toward this end,
as each party fears that the other might gain
some advantage in the revision. The present
mine law, it is well known, is merely a compromise,
with a nullifying proviso attached to almost
every clause of importance.
In the composition of the last commission to
amend the mine laws, the miners had a majority.
To give a majority either to the miners or the
operators is unfair, and can hardly be expected
to produce satisfactory results. There is no
valid reason why a commission shou'd not be
created to draft a law that would be fair and just
alike to the employer and the employe. Any law
emanating from a commission of operators, engineers
and miners must necessarily be more or less
of a compromise. A commission of men expert
in mining matters, who have no financial interest
in mining, should be named and given the power
to look into the needs of the mining interests of
ihe state. They should have the power to compel
the attendance at their meetings of operators, engineers,
superintendents, foremen, miners, mine
inspectors, and any other persons who they think
could enlighten them on the subject.
After getting sufficient data they should call
into consultation a constitutional lawyer of high
repute, to make the final draft. The representative
persons who had given information to the
commission should be called together again and
the proposed act submitted to them. Any objections,
corrections or amendments by any of the
interested parties should be submitted to the
lawyer, to be clothed in proper legal language.
When this is clone, a meeting should be called of
the representatives of the different interests, including
two operators, two mining engineers and
four miners from the anthracite region, and the
same number from the bituminous region, together
with four mine inspectors, two from the
anthracite region and two from the bituminous
region. This should be the final hearing, after
which a draft of the proposed law or laws should
be completed and presented by the commission to
the next assembly. The commission should be
provided with ample means to pay witnesses. It
should meet at intervals in Pittsburgh and in
Wilkes-Barre.
A law should also be enacted to cover metalliferous
mining operations and quarries in the
state. In the clay mines especially, there is
great suffering from lack of ventilation, and from
the reports received at the department the death
rate among the employes is proportionally as
high as among the coal miners. The clay
mines might be looked after by the bituminous
inspectors, but in order to give proper attention
to the other mines and quarries more inspectors
would be needed.
UNITED FOURTH VEIN COAL CO.
The United Fourth Vein Coal Co., the last of
the mergers of coal interests in Indiana, has been
completed and is ready for business. This company
owns and will operate eight coal properties
located on the Southern Indiana railroad in the
heart of the Linton district. Only the best mines
in that territory were selected by the promoters
of the consolidation. The United Fourth Vein
Coal Co. is capitalized at $1,000,000. The mines
taken over are as follows: L. T. Dickason, Freeman,
Sponsler, Antioch. Black Creek, Island Valley,
North Linton, Black Hawk. The normal
capacity of these eight mines is estimated to be
8,000 tons of coal a day or a total of about 2,000,-
000 tons annually. When the Southern Indiana
railway completes its line to Chicago Heights and
gains an entrance into Chicago, it is expected there
will be a marked improvement in the situation
as to transportation, and that the company will
be able to increase its output materially. The
officers of the new conipany are Job Freeman,
president; A. B. Myers, vice-president; E. L. Wolford,
secretary and treasurer; M. L. Gould, manager
of sales.
Baker & Albright have succeeded to the coal
business of E. Albright, in Beemer, Neb.

IMPORTANT COAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
Waiting until their plans were well matured
and the success of their project assured beyond
chance, J. V. Thompson, the Uniontown banker,
capitalist and coal land owner, and D. F. Maroney,
the well known railroad man and former manager
of the Shawmut Coal & Coke Co., have announced
the formation of the Uniontown & Wheeling Short
Line Railroad Company. It will cover the distance
in 68 miles. As its name implies, the new
railroad is to be the long-desired line from Fayette
county across Greene county, Pennsylvania, to
Wheeling, W. Va., giving not only an outlet for
the mineral riches of Greene county, but an opportunity
for the Wheeling district to obtain easy
access to the Connellsville coke region, obtaining
its furnace and foundry coke without the necessity
for the long haul now required by way of
Pittsburgh. The western and lake markets are
also brought nearer. In the construction and
equipment of the new railroad and in the development
of the coal properties which are owned by
Mr. Thompson and his associates, upward of $10,-
000,000 will be spent during the next two years.
It is expected that by an immediate start on the
construction of the railroad, it can be put into
operation by the spring of 1907, and in the course
of that summer enough openings can have been
made in the coal properties and enough coke ovens
constructed to turn over to the new railroad an
enormous tonnage.
The new road will extend from Uniontown, Fayette
county, to Wheeling and Benwood. It is incorporated
under the laws of Pennsylvania and by
consolidation embraces the charters and rights of
way of four other companies, granted early in
the present year. They are the Leckrone & Little
Whitely Railroad Co., the Midland Railroad Co.,
the Waynesburg & Monongahela Railroad Co. and
the Ohio & Marshall County Railroad Co. The
consolidation was effected a short time ago, the
surveys completed and the final estimates made
so that the purpose of the projectors to begin the
construction work between now and January 1
can be realized.
The construction of the new short line as projected
by Messrs. Thompson and Maroney and
their associates, is but the consummation of a
plan which has been the dream of many who were
familiar with the coal, coke and railroad situation
in Fayette and Greene counties. Their ideas have
many times blossomed out into projects, but opposition
of the strongest kind or lack of capital
has in each case put an end to the plans. Not
until the present time has there been the combination
of sufficient capital and first-rate railroad
ability to give the project definite shape.
In this plan Mr. Thompson, who is president of
the First National Bank of Uniontown, represents
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
not only himself, but a number of associates. Mr.
Maroney likewise has as associates in the project
several New York interests of importance. It is
said that when the plan was first proposed to
those not especially familiar with Greene county,
they could not understand the neglect which that
district has encountered in the general industrial
expansion of Western Pennsylvania. It was only
when the interests of the Pennsylvania and Baltimore
& Ohio railroads were pointed out that the
neglect of Greene county could be understood.
The county's enormous mineral riches were at no
time in dispute, and when the complete project was
understood capital for its completion was easily
enlisted.
In the engineering features of the work it is
designed to render the new "Short Line" beyond
criticism. Its maximum grade will be seventenths
of one per cent, and that grade "favors
the load," since it slopes toward the west. To
reduce the grade to this figure it was necessary
to build several tunnels, but this expense was
undertaken rather than sacrifice to false economy
the heavy trainloads which will be possible on
the comparatively low-grade line. The Monongahela
river will be crossed at McCann Ferry on
a bridge 1,300 feet long, with a channel span of
424 feet and a height of this span of over 70 feet
above full pool.
The present eastern terminus of the line will
be at Uniontown, extending thence to Ache Junction,
to Leckrone. in Fayette county, to the Monongahela
river at McCann's Ferry, thence following
Little Whitely creek, Muddy creek and the south
fork of Ten-Mile creek to Waynesburg, the county
seat of Greene count}': thence to Rogersville and
Rutan, crossing the divide or summit to the headwaters
of the north fork of Wheeling creek, following
this stream through Durbin and Crows Mills,
Greene county, at the Pennsylvania and West Virginia
state line, thence along Big Wheeling creek
through Viola, Marshall county, W. Va., and Elm
Grove, Ohio county. W. Va., into Wheeling and
Benwood.
The line will have connections with Pennsylvania
railroad and the Baltimore & Ohio, the Masontown
& New Salem, owned and operated by
the United States Steel Corporation, the Monongahela
railroad and the Wheeling Terminal, which
allows of an exchange of traffic with the Pennsylvania
lines west, the Baltimore & Ohio east and
west, the Ohio River railroad and the Wabash line.
The projected road reduces the distance from
the Connellsville field to Wheeling more than 50
miles, the Uniontown and Wheeling being but 68
miles. As compared with the Baltimore & Ohio
there is a saving of 72 miles and the Pennsylvania
railroad and Panhandle 67 miles. The road also
reduces the distances from the coke regions to

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Chicago, Cincinnati and the northwest and southwest
from 25 to 40 miles, and to the south and
seaboard 50 odd miles. By reason of this the
road will divert much of the through traffic from
Pittsburgh.
Since the opening of the Klondike coke region
which was developed by Mr. Thompson and several
associates, further effort has been made to get
additional coal of a quality to produce Connellsville
coke. After a careful investigation and
test, the last remaining Connellsville coking coal
was found in Greene county, between the Monongahela
river and Waynesburg, comprising 100,000
acres. The acreage of the original Connellsville
and Lower Connellsville or Klondike fields is entirely
in the hands of the large steel interests,
thus placing at a great disadvantage the independent
mills and industries. The co-operation
and material assistance has been given the project
by several of the larger independent steel
manufacturers. This entire field is owned and
controlled by Mr. Thompson and his associates.
The Washington Coal & Coke Co.. Pittsburgh
and Dawson, Pa., has awarded the contract for
the erection of 300 additional coke ovens at Star
Junction to Murphy & Campbell, contractors, of
Connellsville. Work has been started. The
No. 1 plant now has 320 ovens and No. 2 380.
The 300 new ovens will be apportioned between
the two plants making a total of 1,000 ovens, in
two plants of 500 each.
A $200,000 coke plant is to be built by the
Kittanning Iron Co. at Hays Run, 5 miles north
of Kittanning, Pa. The company has purchased
the Templeton farm at that place, which contains
about 100 acres, on which the plant will be erected.
The Geneva Coke Co., near Masontown, Pa., has
been sold to the McKeefrey Coal Co. for a consideration
of $465,000. The new owners will
build 68 new ovens at once to increase the plant
to 200 ovens.
Mason City Coal Mining Co., Mason, Mason
county, W. Va.; capital, $10,000; incorporators, C.
H. Quillen, O. A. Raush and M. G. Tyler, of Spilman;
S. A. Lewis, of New Haven, and Rankin
Wiley, of Point Pleasant.
Bakewell Coal Co., Bellaire, Ohio; capital, $90,-
000; directors, Francis Dana, W. B. F. Rogers and
Smith, Joseph H. P. Pearsall, Levi Wagoner, W. F.
Kaiser.
Newton Coal & Mining Co., Columbus, O.; capital,
$25,000; incorporators. J. C. Burns, G. E.
Walsh, F. H. Game, R. J. O'Dell, O. C. Wagner.
The Leatherwood Consolidated Coal Co., Toledo,
O.; Charles Hartman, Frank L. Mulholland, R. V.
Phillips, E. H. Horton, E. F. Gore; $200,000.
Big Coal Co., Charleston, W. Va.; capital, $100,-
000; incorporators, R. G. Quarrier, M. E. Evans,
S. P. Richmond, E. Shafer, John Wherle.
S CONSTRUCTION and DEVELOPMENT. «
New Brunswick Coal Co.. St. John, N. B.; capi­
The Somerset Coal Co.. general offices, Baltital, $25,000; incorporators, George McAvity, C. N.
more, is to carry out important work in develop­ Skinner. A. I. Trueman. A. P. Barnhill.
ing about 24,000 acres of coal land in its Jenner,
Pa., field. The plans contemplate the building of a Franklin Coal Co., Knoxville, Tenn.; capital,
new power house and transmission lines for sup­ $50,000; incorporators, H. B. Lindsay, C. H. Smith,
plying current to the mines, a railroad connection R. S. Young, S. V. Carter, H. S. Harris.
to tap the various workings and extensive devel­
Curran Coal Co., Cincinnati, O.; capital, $25,000;
opment work in the mines themselves. A number
incorporators, O. P. Curran, R. S. Magee, R. C.
of new headings will be started this fall.
Crowthers, R. H. Bartlett, N. J. Utter.
Seaboard Coal & Timber Corporation, Norfolk,
Va.; capital, $100,000: incorporators, C. W. Tebault,
E. R. Kingsley, P. L. Grasty.
Henry B. Turner Coal Co.. New York, N. Y.;
capital, $10,000; incorporators, Lucy A. Turner,
U. G. Blackford, Albert L. Jones.
Leatherwood Consolidated Coal Co., Toledo, O.;
capital, $20,000; incorporators, Charles Hartman,
F. L. Hulholland, R. V. Phillips.
C. K. Davis Coal Co., New York; capital, $600,-
000; directors, Francis Dana, W. B. F. Rogers and
fl'. A. Gaynor, New York.
Western States Fuel Co., Oklahoma City, Okla.;
capital, $50,000; incorporators, S. P. Render, John
Mosier, W. H. Hedrick.
Ida-Rose Mining Co.. Birmingham, Ala.; capital.
$50,000; incorporators, L. W. Johns, T. Y. Huff­
The Oliver interests are to erect 400 new coke
man and others.
ovens near Connellsville, Pa. Additional coking Chaska Coal Co., Knoxville, Tenn.; capital, $15,coal
will be developed adjoining the Oliver & 000; incorporators, F. B. Cooley. J. T. Cooley,
Snyder Steel Co. holdings.
Samuel Brown.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
THE PULSE OF THE MARKETS.
The bituminous market is decidedly bullish.
Buyers have tardily grasped the situation which
indicates a shortage through the winter partly
due to car shortage with some chance of its continuing
well into the spring. Prices are going
up almost from day to day and the limit is far
from having been reached. The spurt in coke
prices was the harbinger of this upward movement
in coal prices. The anthracite market is
firm and prices to the consumer are going up in
almost all sections. Despite car shortage there
is a tremendous activity at mines in the Pittsburgh
and adjacent fields. Jobbers are extremely
busy in meeting requirements of customers and
the trade is generally lively. It is a condition
which should have started at least two months ago.
The steel corporation has secured the coke output
of the W. J. Rainey interests for the first six
months of the new year, greatly curtailing the
supply of strictly Connellsville coke in that period.
This deal has naturally been a factor in further
putting up coke prices. On a recent rise of the
rivers about 7,000,000 bushels of Pittsburgh field
coal was started south. Anthracite production in
October will probably show something in excess
of 5,000,000 tons, indicating no special rush to
get the product out. The closer relationship of
these interests and the broadening of single interests
in ownership will mean a more effectual
handling of any situation which may arise. Pittsburgh
mine-run product is selling at from $1.20
to $1.30 the ton at the mines with three-quarter
and lVi-inch screened the usual differential higher.
An excessive demand for slack makes it impossible
to name a price which will hold over 24 hours.
This market is running wild. Shippers of coal
by lake are now busily engaged in sending material
forward on their contracts, and are not
looking for new orders. The price has been
marked up. but deliveries are not assured. The
market is now represented by a quotation of $2.05
f. o. b. boats at Lake Erie ports.
Coke shipments have been increasing through
a better car supply and heavier demand on all
sides for spot coke and through the rush of specifications
on old contracts. Connellsville shipments
are now nearly approaching 270,000 tons
the week and those from the Masontown field
nearly 70,000 tons. Connellsville furnace coke
on contracts for the first half of the new year is
selling at $3 the ton and upward with spot coke
higher. Foundry coke is $3.50 and upward.
The eastern seaboard bituminous trade is strong.
..................
demand exceeding the supply. Shortage of cars
contributes to this condition, as well as the near
approach of the time when many tidewater ports
will be ice-bound. Many large producers are
trying to escape orders for immediate delivery.
and their present output is quickly absorbed by
the consumers. Trade in the far east is making
strong demands for coal, especially at those of the
ports which are earliest ice-bound. Freight limitations
seem to be practically removed, a condition
made necessary by the lack of light draft vessels.
The entire demand from this territory cannot be
supplied and producers are confining themselves
to shipments to the most needy. The Sound is
calling for more dhan can be provided. They are
trying to fulfil their monthly proportion of this
business, but are believed to be falling behind
slightly. Vessels to this territory are scarce and
in demand. New York harbor quickly absorbs
all the coal that arrives, but producers are giving
more attention to contracts than to current business.
Spot coal of good grade sells for $2.60@
$2.70 f. o. b. New York harbor shipping points,
while a little better grade brings $2.90@$2.95.
All-rail trade is ordering increased shipments, but
producers ship only their regular proportion this
way, trying to get as much as possible to tide.
Vessels in the coastwise market are in a little
better supply, though light ones are scarce. Current
rates on the larger boats from Philadelphia
are: To Boston, Salem and Portland. 80c; to
Lynn, Newburyport, Gardner and Bangor, $1 ; to
the Sound. 70@75c; to Portsmouth and Bath. 85c;
New York harbor vessels charge 55@60c to around
the capes.
The anthracite market shows a wide-spread
improvement. The East is hurrying to lay in
stocks before ice closes its tidewater points, and
the west to supply itself before traffic is impeded
by bad weather. Shortage of cars is affecting deliveries
in both directions, and if the present conditions
continue, as they must almost inevitably,
an advance in price of hard coal for immediate
delivery, over the circular rates, may be confidently
anticipated. Demand for the steam sizes
continues strong. Prices remain at the old level:
$4.75 for broken and $5 for domestic sizes. Steam
sizes: $3 for pea: $2.25(5)2.50 for buckwheat:
$1.45(S)$1.50 for rice and $1.30@$1.35 for barley,
f. o. b. New York harbor shipping points. The
western anthracite trade is peculiarly sensitive to
weather conditions. The present demand for
anthracite is mainly for chestnut which in consequence
thereof has grown scarce. Egg and stove

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
are called for in moderate tonnages, but the inquiry
for chestnut is very strong. In the rural
regions the more alert and larger dealers have
their yards comfortably filled with anthracite and
it is noteworthy that they are not now loading
from these accumulations but are ordering in
fresh cars and doing business directly from car
to user.
Hull, Blyth & Co., of London and Cardiff, report
a firm tone pervading all classes of steam coal,
and a steady inquiry both for prompt and future
shipment. Best Welsh steam coal, $3.30; seconds,
$3.18; thirds, $3.06; dry coals, $2.94; best Monmouthshire,
$3.12; seconds, $3.00; best small steam
coal, $2.16; seconds, $2.10; other sorts. $2.04.
The new child labor law which will force 12,000
boys out of employment at the anthracite mines,
went into effect October 17. It provides that no
boys under 14 years shall be employed in the
breakers or outside the mines and none under 16
in the mines. It is estimated that about 12,000
of the 24,000 breaker boys employed are between
the ages of 10 and 14, and will be affected by the
new law. These boys will be forced into the
schools by the compulsory education law. In the
mines there are some 3,500 door boys and helpers,
many of whom are under 16, but those who are
displaced there may obtain work in the breakers.
The breaker boys work nine hours a day and earn
an average of 10 cents an hour. The dust in the
breaker, their confinement to a bench where, bent
over, they pick the slate from the coal as it slides
down the chutes, stunts the boys, makes them liable
to various diseases and generally impairs their
health. It is the intention of the officers of the
Mine Workers' union to see that the law is enforced.
It provides a fine of $10 a day for each
boy under age employed by a coal company and
makes the companies responsible.
* * *
In his annual report, just issued. Chief Roderick,
of the department of mines, calls attention to
what he terms the farcical impositions placed upon
the mine inspectors by the law governing their
duties, and says, furthermore, that it is impossible
for the inspectors, with the territory and number
of mines that they are now compelled to cover,
to make the legal number of inspections. He
says that if portions of the present law are not
repealed or revised he will cause the arrest of
some of the inspectors for failing to perform their
duty, and by making them show cause why they
are not living up to the law will expose its absurdities.
If the law is not changed it will re­
quire at least 30 inspectors in the anthracite region
alone to carry out its provisions in full, according
to Mr. Roderick.
* * *
At a mass meeting the striking miners of G. B.
Markle & Co.. anthracite operators, on the 22d
ult., voted to return to work. Meanwhile the
Kardisho boy. over whose discharge the strike
was ordered, will not be reinstated until the conciliation
board passes upon the case. The loss
to the men for the two weeks' idleness is estimated
at $25,000. The driver boy quit because
he claimed that he was not being paid the standard
rate. When refused reinstatement the other
drivers struck and the miners followed suit. Had
the employes been wisely led they would have at
once put the grievance up to the board, where it
belonged, as they now have resolved to do.
* * *
By a decision of Judge Wheaton at Wilkes-Barre
which declares a part of the new child labor law,
effective at the anthracite mines recently, unconstitutional,
some 10,000 workers between the ages
of 16 ana 21 are able to retain their places, and
the coal operators are relieved of a problem which
entailed the possible closing of many mines. The
new law requires that none of the estimated 24,000
breaker boys and other workers outside the mine
sliall be under 14 years of age; that none of the
estimated 3,500 door boys and helpers in the mines
shall be under 16, and that all workers between
the ages of 16 and 21, estimated at 15,000. shall
have employment certificates.
* * *
Alabama union miners are still working at 55c
per ton for coal mining, 2.5c below the maximum.
This price is based on the average selling price of
pig iron and indicates that No. 2 foundry last
month did not sell as high as $12.55 per ton. The
non-union miners are receiving about the same
wage as the union men. The union miners are
still on strike at the furnace companies' mines.
* * *
It is likely that William H. Harkins, president
of the Ohio miners' organization, will retire after
his present term.
Another record was established at Ellsworth, Pa.,
recently, when shaft No. 1, of which H. J. Miller is
the superintendent, hoisted 1,330 wagons of coal
and 89 cars of slate, making 3,060 tons of coal in
eight hours. The coal was hoisted from a depth
of 260 feet at the rate of three cars per minute,
and a record unequaled for the production of coal
from a shaft of that depth. The product filled
62 big railroad hoppers, requiring two doubleheader
trains to transport it.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
COKE AND THE BY-PRODUCTS.
Who of us have not sat before a bright, blazing
coal fire and noticed, with almost indifference, the
tiny bursts of flame that from time to time shoot
out from what apparently was a dead ember?
Perhaps a certain small flame attracts our in­
terest by the length of time it burns and perhaps
we have been momentarily aroused to wonder at
the large amount of gas that must be confined
in so small a crevice to maintain so bright a
flame for so long a time. Were we to consult
some technical book and look under "Coal," we
would find there are principally two kinds of coal,
anthracite and bituminous. A little reading and
we find the anthracite is the hard, cdean coal,
almost pure carbon, and the bituminous is the
"soft" coal, the character of which is associated
in our minds with great volumes of sooty clouds
which settle on everything and everybody, alto­
gether more conducive to discomfort than any
public nuisance I know of. We read of the
different periods of formation, all of which are
very interesting, and tnen the article merges
into me technical, giving the average analysis of
bituminous coal as follows: Volatile matter. 33.5
per cent; fixed carbon, 59.5 per cent.; ash, 7.0 per
cent.; sulphur, 1.15 per cent. From which we
see that ordinary bituminous coal is two thirds
carbon and ash. and about one-third volatile
matter in the form of gas. In order to understand
the full significance of this, we must im­
agine the coal as being honey-combecl, with thousands
of little pockets, each pocket being filled
with gas, which, of course, is under great pres
sure. Understand, this gas constitutes one-third
of the entire weight of the coal, not volume, therefore,
when disintegration of the coal takes place
through the intense heat which is generated by
its combustion, the gas is liberated and as its
tension has become greater with the increase of
temperature, it forces its way through the walls
of the pockets, the moment they become too thin
to support the pressure, which only increases our
wonderment at the simplicity of nature and her
niechanicai laws.
It is with the sole intention of giving a clear,
plain description of the manufacture of coke and
the recovery of the resultant by-product, that
this paper is written, and is in no sense intended
as a technical pamphlet.
THE ORIGIN OF THE WORD "COKE"
is obscure. When used as a noun, it means what
remains of certain kinds of bituminous coal after
the volatile matter has been driven off.
There is as much authority to use the word
"Paper read before the Monday Night Club, Pittsburgh. Pa..
October in, 1905.
By T. J. Easter, President of the Pittsburgh Fuel & Iron (!o.
"cake" or "cook" as a derivation for coke as any
other words I can find; however, they would not
lie understood commercially as related to what
we now call coke. A coal to be adapted for coke
must, when heated to a certain degree, knit together
or cake, as particles of food are caked.
Some coals leave nothing but powder after the
bitumen or volatile matter has been driven off—
while a good coking coal leaves a hard, brittle,
porous, solid cake, with a steel grey, somewhat
metallic lustre.
Most coking coal is soft and breaks up as
though crushed after exposure to the air. Where
the coal is hard and lumpy when taken from the
mine, it is necessary that it be crushed to the
consistency of slack, if iiossible. before beingplaced
in the o.ven.
The nature of Ihe difference between coking and
non-coking coals has not yet been fully made out.
It is almost always a question of test to determine;
then again some coals will coke when first
taken from the mine, but not if exposed lo the
air any length of lime. One of the principal
requisites in coking coal is that it does not contain
much moisture.
The slack of dry or non-coking coal or anthracite,
which cannot be coked alone, may be con­
verted into coke by mixture with certain grades
of bituminous coal. Experimentally, substances
such as sawdust in connection with gas pitch and
bitumen have produced coke.
Coke is principally valued for the intense heat
which it gives off in combustion and its freedom
from smoke in burning. The process also drives
off a good deal of sulphur, which may be present
in coal, making it better adapted for metallurgical
operations, where intense smokeless combustion
is desired.
Iron pyrites is the most objectionable material
in fuel for melting purposes: hence, a coal high in
this property is looked upon with disfavor by the
coke manufacturer who must sell his coke to the
maker of pig iron.
A good coking coal with the exception of too
much iron pyrites, slate or ash, may be relieved
of the surplus of these objectionable properties,
although not entirely, by what is known as
WA.SIU.NO THE COAL.
This principle, however, is not the same as wash­
ing one's hands or soiled clothing, but a separat­
ing device. It means to crush and float the coal
through a system of jigs or flumes containing
water and as the specific gravity of the impurities
is greater than the coal, they sink, and the coal
passes on to be used in the coke oven. Of the

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
36 million tons of coal used in the I'nited States
last year, only S million tons were washed before
they were coked.
The I'nited States were not the pioneers in coke
making, but they are the leading producers at
tne present time by a large majority.
Italy and Denmark each produce something
over 16,000 tons annually, Sweden 60,000, Australia
126,000, then Canada. Spain, Austria-Hungary,
France, Russia, Belgium, Great Britain, Germany
and the United States produce an increased tonnage
in Hie order named.
Eliminating Great Britain from the list, the
I nited States makes more coke than all the balance
of the world combined; with over 24 million
tons in 1904, and over one-half of this enormous
tonnage is made about Pittsburgh. The United
States imported 180,000 tons and exported 585,000
tons in 1904, showing the home consumption of
this product, and by way of further swelling
ourselves with pride, we can say that five out of
every seven tons of coal are produced by Englishspeaking
people.
Our most formidable rival for honors in the
manufacture of coke?—the German empire—with
±4 million tons, is worthy of mention, although
eclipsed by our state of Pennsylvania alone, which
has an annual iiroduction of nearly 15,000,000 tons.
It is safe to say, however, that the profit in the
manufacture of Germany's 14 million tons equaled
that of our 24 million tons, as their coke is
almost entirely made in by-product ovens, where
haraly anything is lost in smoke. Coke was
made and used
I.\ THE MAM FACTURE OF PIG IKON
in England in 1735. and became general in 1750.
Germany commenced in 1768, but coke was not
used in America until a hundred years after it
was first used in England. In 1S37 coke was used
to some extent in the Lonaconing furnaces in
Maryland. The first attempt in Pennsylvania
was in 1841, and was unsuccessful. Not until
I860 was its manufacture commenced regularly,
and in 1880 the reports at Washington indicate
about 3 million tons produced in the United States
that year, and in 1904 nearly 25 million tons.
The original method of coking coal was in
mounds of earth upon the ground, much the same
as lime was burned. Later, ovens of different
types were employed. The coke ovens of the
present are all included in the two types—bee-hive
and retort or by-product. The standard oven in
England and America is the bee-hive pattern, deriving
its name from the fact that its interior is
modeled after the exterior of the conventional beehive
on a large scale.
The process of the beehive oven is almost
identical to the original mound of coal covered
with soil upon the ground. The bee-hive process
has no provision for reclaiming any of the byproducts;
everything else is sacrificed for the
benefit of the coke. It is also known as the slow
combustion process in the manufacture of coke.
On the other hand, the
RETORT OVEN RETAINS CONTROL
of all the gas or volatile matter that the bee-hive
oven gives off. as well as the coke, and its process
is more rapid. Results are governed largely by
the nature of the eoal to be treated and which of
the by-products are most desired. The object of
many retort oven inventors has been to reclaim byproducts
other than coke, making that secondary,
as is the case in the manufacture of gas from
bituminous coal. The coke remaining is of no
special value, and that grade is not included in my
estimates.
The best c-oal for gas producing is not the best
coal for coke making in any coking device. The
coal used for that purpose is high in volatile and
thus naturally low in carbon, and lacks the necessary
caking properties of coking coal; where the
reverse conditions exist in the coal, there, coke is
the all-important product.
The standard or universal coke ovens used in
this state are of the bee-hive pattern and their
outward appearance is tbat of a continuous wall
with holes here and there at regular intervals
emitting flame and smoke.
The individual oven is the shape of the domestic
hive; is made of fire brick and the shell-like forms
are constructed in a row with a retaining wall in
front and rear, then tbe space around the domes
or ovens is filled with soil and thoroughly tamped
to top of oven, giving the effect of a solid wall.
Not only does this help to retain the heat in the
ovens, but protects them from weight of horses,
mine cars or the horseless larry which may cross
and re-cross the ovens to supply them with coal.
The interior of the bee-hive oven is about twelve
feet in diameter on the floor and eight feet from
floor or base to top of dome where there is an
opening to receive coal and permit smoke and gas
to escape. An opening about two feet wide by
three feet high in the front is used to
TAKE OUT.THE FINISHED CORK.
In starting up new bee-hive ovens, or those
which have been shut down, it is necessary to
build a fire in the ordinary way with wood and
coal upon the floor of the oven until the degree
of heat in the walls is sufficient to ignite the coal
by spontaneous combustion. After coke is drawn,
the heat is sufficient to ignite the new charge of
coal which follows almost immediately; no further
heat is applied or necessary to continue the
coking process. From five to seven tons of coal
are dropped into the oven from the top, while the
door or opening in front is being closed with loose
brick and plastered with mud, allowing only suffl-

cient air over top of coal in oven to aid combustion
and take away the gases. In the meantime, the
coal has been leveled to a uniform depth.
The furious burning process i.s somewhat of a
puzzle at first on account of the checking effect
of an over draught and no under draught what­
ever, but the intense heat of the oven is deflected
back by the dome-shaped top, hence, the coal is
burned, or rather volatilized from the top clown-
wards, some eighteen to twenty-six inches in
depth: that is, the volatile matter is driven off
and not the carbon of the coal. The coal on the
floor of the oven is often but partially carbonized
on account of the oven being drawn before the
heat has gone down thoroughly.
After ihe flame over the coal in the oven has
passed, leaving a clear glow of fire, the oven is
ready to be drawn. A stream of water from a
hose is then turned into the oven of red hot car­
bon or coke, which quenches it sufficiently to be
handled with iron scraper and coke fork. The
action of the water also completes the process by
hardening or crystallizing the carlion. It is then
taken direct from the oven and loaded into the
railroad car for transportation.
ALTERNATE OVENS ARE DRAWN,
leaving an active oven on either side to better
retain the heat in the oven being discharged.
The bee-hive coking process requires 48 to 72
hours, charging and drawing of alternate ovens
continues daily except Sunday, the quantity of
coal in the oven indicating the length of time
to burn off.
Coke represents from 50 per cent, to 73 per cent.
of the original weight of coal, or in other words,
it takes from l'/i to 2 tons of coal to make one
ton of coke, according to the percentage of carbon
in the coal, which total weight of coal, after car­
bonization, leaves S5 per cent, to 90 per cent, fixed
carbon, also 10 per cent, to 15 per cent, ash and
non-combustibles.
To allow an oven to continue to burn longer
than enough to drive off the volatile matter, the
downward deflection of the heat from the top of
the bee-hive oven, would in time consume the
carbon and nothing but ashes would remain;
therefore, the time to discontinue the coking or
baking process and draw the coke, is before the
carbon is affected, or after the flame of volatile
over bed of coal subsides.
The only other method of making coke for com­
mercial purposes, is the retort oven, where the
by-products are reclaimed.
Germany, France and Belgium are the home of
the retort ovens in the carbonization of coal.
While America leads the world in mechanical and
inventive genius; devices for economical perform­
ance of work have not been the only object in view,
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
and til is country's inventors are not in tne lead
in economic devices for coke making.
The great incentive to development of economic
methods in the coking fields of continental Europe
lies in tlie fact that their coal supply is limited,
and experience in other resources becoming ex­
hausted, no doubt prompted the invention of the
retort oven for the recovery of by-products.
It has only been during recent years that retort
ovens have been used in this country and the industry
may be considered in ils infancy. First
mention of by-product ovens, however, dates back
to 176S, as installed in Rhineland province of
Germany. Tar was produced at that time.
In the United States this oven commenced about
January, 1892; they are
USUALLY BUILT IN BATTERIES
of thirty or multiples thereof. A single oven is
thirty feet long, four to six feet high and sixteen
to twenty inches wide. Unlike the bee-hive oven.
this one is closed and does away with combustion
there, and heat necessary for coking comes from
the combustion of air and gas in the fines, which
make up the sides and bottom of the ovens.
A by-product oven takes a charge of five to
seven tons of coal similar to the bee-hive pattern,
although in appearance the ovens are very differ­
ent—the interior of the bee-hive oven would re­
semble the top half of an orange flat side down.
while the retort or by-product oven would re­
semble the shape of the modern high grade building
brick of the long slim pattern resting upon
its edge.
The retort oven is charged much the same as
the bee-hive, from hole in top, but it is then
sealed with fire clay. The oven becomes tight'
and the gases pass off to be turned into mains for
treatment in tbe by-product apparatus. The more
volatile matter in the coal, the longer it takes
to coke. While eighteen to twenty hours' time
is sufficient to make coke from coal of low volatile.
Connellsville coal most used in the bee-hive ovens
and requiring forty-eight hours, can be coked in
by-product ovens in twenty-four hours. As high
as 73 per cent, of coke is also claimed for byproduct
as against 67 per cent, by bee-hive ovens
using the same coal; hence, the average out-put
of the retort by-product oven last season was
about 896 tons per oven as compared with 306 tons
for the bee-hive pattern.
The retort oven is heated with a portion of the
gas it produces, it being returned to the walls of
the oven, which are hollow and furnish prompt,
active and intense heat upon the coal to be coked;
hence, the short space of time required for coking
as compared with the bee-hive oven, and the
greater annual capacity.
Finished coke is discharged by automatic steam
or electric ram, which pushes entire contents of

11 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
the long slim oven out upon the platform, where
water is applied to quench it, while the finished
coke in tne bee-hive oven is quenched in the
oven before it is drawn.
The columnar structure of the coke is from top
to bottom of a bee-hive oven, as the heat is applied
in that direction, and when drawn is one to two
feet in length, according to the depth of die orig­
in il charge of eoal.
THE CARBONIZATION IN A RETORT ONION,
however, is across the narrow way of the oven.
or between the perpendicular walls or channels
of ignited gas, from which direction the principal
heat is applied. The heal pressure from each
wall being uniform, the gases meet in the centre
of the oven and force their way to the top, divid­
ing the charge of the coke into two sections, thus
ihe length of the retort coke when discharged is
confine! to one ha f the width of ihe oven, or
eight to ten inches—unlike the bee-hive oven, the
retort coke is always that size, regardless of
light or heavy charges.
While all coke looks much the same, and
ihe process of manufacture is much the same,
the uses the various grades are put to are many.
It has almost entirely replaced the use of anthracite
coal and charcoal in the production of iron—'
bears the same relation to coal that charcoal does
to wood—and metallurgical practice is its most
important function.
Coal with its dense structure when taken with
iron and heaped into a furnace is too compact as
compared with the porous, cellular coke, which
gives opportunity for action of draught, heat and
flow of melted iron. Coke for this purpose must
also be of a certain physical and chemical character
in order to conform to desired results in
mixtures. It is for metallurgical purposes that
our Pennsylvania and especially Connellsville coke
is best calculated.
Connellsville coke, or coke made from Connellsville
coal, to every iron worker in the world, is
known as the highest grade and most efficient
coke made. The Connellsville region is almost
at the door of our city. Commencing at about
Greensburg, Pa., and extending as far south as
Masontown. Pa., covering an oblong basin or
deposit of coal about three miles wide and sixty
miles long, where some 30,000 bee-hive ovens are
truly busy all day long, and night as well. Geologically,
the coal is part of the Pittsburgh vein.
Last year, the region known as Western Pennsylvania,
which includes the Connellsville region,
produced about 15 million tons of coke, which
was more than the combined tonnage of all the
other United States, and one-half more than all
Great Britain.
(To HE CONTINUED).
ORDER OF KO-KOAL GROWING.
From present indications the Order Ko Koal,
recently organized at Chicago by the trav­
eling salesmen, will develop into a creditable or­
ganization. As charter members, over 100 are en­
rolled, and the officers have already a long list of
applicants for initiation. The purposes of the
organization are mainly social. There will be
one or two big meetings a year, and various other
convocations. Good fellowship will be encour­
aged and the baneful practice of "knocking" ta­
booed. Qualifiacations of membership are wide
enough to let in most coal men of good standing.
The following is the appointment of scouts by
the Modoc, George M. Barclay: Ohio scout, Clem
L. Heck, Susquehanna Coal Co.; Indiana scout,
Thomas Huskett, Chaffin Coal Co.; Illinois scout,
J. B. Foster, Lehigh Valley Coal Co.; Iowa scout,
Paul F. Irwin, C. Reiss Coal Co.; Wisconsin scout,
Harry G. King, Cargill Coal Co.; Minnesota scout,
I. C. Cuvellier. "Northwestern Coal Dealer." The
mystic numbers of the Order KoKoal are four,
seven and eleven. The initiation fee is $4.11,
and the annual dues $1.17. The eleven officers
elected to preside over the affairs of the order are
as follows: Modoc, George M. Barclay, Lehigh
Valley Coal Co., Chicago; baron, Frank. H. Collins,
S. C. Schenck office, Chicago; baronel, H. B.
DePuy. Williams & Peters, Chicago; baronet, C. F.
Lemmon. Chicago. Wilmington & Vermillion Coal
Co.. Chiiago; pictor, Arthur M. Hull, "The Retail
coalman," Chicago; mazumer, A. F. Boos, Milwaukee-Western
Coal Co., Milwaukee; gazook. L.
Romanski, O'Gara Coal Co.. Chicago; pitboss, Sam
M. Stanley, Coxe Bros. & Co.. Buffalo, N. Y.;
acolyte. A. B. Lemmon, North Western Fuel Co.,
Chicago; swatta, C. R. Shabino, L. A. Barnard.
Chicago; spotta, A. J. Eggenberger, Hull & Co..
Chicago. Any three members can bestow the
privileges of the order upon an initiate by first
obtaining a dispensation from the modoc, baron
and pictor.
The October number of Air Power, published by
the Rand Drill Co., New York, marks the abandonment
of the publication, by reason of the con­
solidation of the Ingersoll-Sergeant and Rand Drill
Cos. The last issue is replete in interesting matter.
Abandonment of the publication is to be regretted.
Mr. P. F. Kobbe. Jr.. who has managed
the paper and handled the Rand Drill Co. advertising,
is a real publicity engineer, well grounded
in the technical features of the business which he
has represented and of exceptional and pleasing
originality in his ideas and practices in advertising.

INDUSTRIAL COUNCIL OF
COAL MERCHANTS MEETS.
The International Council of Coal Merchants
held a meeting October 26 at the Great Northern
hotel in Chicago. Joseph H. Palmer, of Wallingford,
Pa., brought up the short-weight question,
saying that eastern retailers were sustaining considerable
losses on anthracite, which frequently
amounted to two and a half and three per cent.
James Walker, president of the Philadelphia Coal
Exchange, said that eoal received in open cars
from the anthracite collieries was short in weight,
and called upon Secretary Charles K. Scull, of the
exchange, to submit figures showing the shortage
on cars received at Philadelphia as reported to
him. Robert Lake, piesident of the Michigan
and Indiana Retail Association, called attention
to shortage in bituminous shipments and particularly
on nut coal. He said that on a recent shipment
of three cars which he ordered there was a
total shortage of 15 tons. He suggested that
every dealer ought to make an allowance of 25
cents a ton, which should be added to the cost of
the coal, to make up for the short weight.
W. F. Plane, of Atlanta, Ga.. explained conditions
in Georgia outlined in our Retail Trade
Notes. George Gregory, of Marshalltown, Iowa.
said the Iowa and Nebraska Retail Coal Dealers'
Association had gained in its campaign for short
weight a bill of lading, the re-weighing of the
car at destination or the nearest junction point
free, if it was found to be short in weight, or
if it was full-weight, a charge of $1.00 was made.
Wherever a shortage was found to exist a claim
was made by the dealer for the excess freight
charges and the amount of coal lost or stolen,
and these claims were allowed at once by the rail
roads.
The North Carolina Granite Corporation, of Mt.
Airy, N. C, is now installing a Sullivan Corliss,
two-stage air compressor for driving the Sullivan
drills and other compressed air appliances, used
at its quarries. This compressor has a capacity
of 2,000 cubic feet of free air per minute, at 78
revolutions, and is an excellent example of modern
practice in air compression, as regards fuel economy
and air efficiency. The air cylinders are
connected to a Sullivan Corliss, cross-compound.
condensing steam end. especially designed and
proportioned for this purpose. The air inlet
valves are of the Corliss type, operated by independent
eccentrics, and the discharge valves on
both cylinders are of the automatic poppet type.
moving in a direction parallel with the piston
rod, with removable seats located in the cylinder
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
heads. The devices for cooling the air during
compression are unusually efficient. A similar
machine is installed at the works of the Southern
States Portland Cement Co., at Rockmart, Ga.,
and has given very efficient service during two
years that it has been in operation.
The Jeffrey Manufacturing Co., Columbus, O.,
lias issued Bulletin No. 10, rich in illustrations
and typographical style and dealing exhaustively
on the subject of electric mine locomotives. Introducing
the work is the following: "The refinement
of systems of mine haulage b.v operators
and mining engineers has called for a corresponding
refinement in the design of mine locomotives
and their equipment. Since the flrst installation
of electric mine locomotives was made by the
Jeffrey Manufacturing Co., in 18S9, various theories
as to the proper equipment of mine locomotives
have been advanced oy different manufacturers
and engineers. The Jeffrey Manufacturing
Co. have made a great variety of equipments to
suit various conditions and ideas of their customers,
and have gradually incorporated in their
locomotives the best of those ideas, until to-day
they are able to present to the users of mine locomotives
the highest development in the matter of
design and equipment that has ever been offered."
The Ottumwa Box Car Loader Co.. oi Ottumwa,
la., reports recent sales as follows: Verner Coal
& Coke Co., Carnegie, Pa.; Penn Gas Ooal Co.,
Irwin, Pa.; Empire Coal Mining Co., Bellaire, O.:
Colorado Fuel & Iron Co., Denver, Col.; Dominion
Coal Co., Glace Bay, N. S.; Ledford Coal Co.. Ledford.
111., one loader each. All of these are rush
orders, and the conipany with its usual push will
have all of these installed and ready for operation
before cold weather.
The management of the Ottumwa Box Car Loader
Co., of Ottumwa, la., has added a new department
to its already large business, the same being structural
iron work, steel tipples and bridges. This
will be run under the name of the Fair-Williams
Bridge & Mfg. Co., they having lately bought the
control of that company's business.
The Sullivan Machinery Co., Columbus, O., has
issued a remarkably interesting booklet, Bulletin
101. clearly explaining and graphically illustrating
the novel destruction of Henderson's Point, Portsmouth,
N. H., with the aid of Sullivan rock drills
and air compressors.
The October issue of Monthly Bulletin, published
by the Ohio Brass Co., Mansfield, Ohio, outstrips
previous issues and contains some technical articles
of exceptional value. The conipany will
mail copy free on application.

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
IMPORTANT SALE OF PACKARD
COAL IN WEST VIRGINIA.
Mark Packard of Buffalo has sold for $500,000,
2,249 acres of coal property in the Pocahontas field
of West Virginia. Payment of the full amount of
the purchase money was made, the purchasing
syndicate securing immediate title to the property.
Among those interested and who were
present when negoiiatioiis were closed in Buffalo
were H. M. Jewett, president of Jewett, Bigelow
& Brooks, coal miners and shippers, of Detroit,
Mich., and other ciues; Li. H. Jewett and Jay W.
Bigelow, directors of tlie same company, and Mr.
Cady, of Detroit; Mr. chapman of Syracuse, Mr.
Angel of Detroit, representing one of the large
financial institutions of that city, and James A.
Henchey. manager of tne lug River Coal Land Co.
of Welch, W. Va., and director of tne Cumberland
Plateau Corporation. T'he purchasers had just
returned from au inspection of tlie Pocahontas
field, in which they have long had the desire to
invest. All have had a large experience in coat
mining operations.
The purchase disposes of about one-fifth of the
coal land owned b.v Mr. Packard in West Virginia.
It is unofficially said that this is only the
beginning of a combination that may eventually
require all of the land owned by Mr. Packard in
the Pocahontas held, and that Ihe combination
will represent a capital ot $1,500,000 or $2,000,000.
The demands for supply on Jewett, Bigelow and
Brooks are increasing rapidly and it seems to
be only a question of time when they will find
it necessary to extend their operations. The
plans of the purchasers comprehend immediate
activity on an extensive scale.
HAZEL KIRK MINE DISASTER KILLS
SUPT. JOHN HORNICKEL.
Five men were killed and another was frightfully
injured in an explosion at shaft No. 2 of the
riazel Kirk mines, six miles from Monongahela,
Pa., Octobe 29. Following a call
for volunteers after the explosion, four men out
of nearly 100, fully cognizant of the peril which
faced them, entered the blazing pit and began
the work of recovering the dead bodies. Those
killed were John HornicKel, 37 years old, married,
general superintendent of Hazel Kirk mines Nos.
1 and 2; Joseph Hunter. 35 years old, married, of
Monongahela City, fire boss of mine No. 2; Daniel
Griffiths, 42 years old, married, mine foreman of
Hazel Kirk mine No. 2; John Lavery, 58 years old,
of Monongahela City, fire boss at Hazel Kirk mine
No. 1, leaves 11 children; Henry Claybourne,
negro, 38 years old. married, of Monongahela City,
fire boss Hazel Kirk mine No. 2. Andrew Roeder,
machine foreman, was so seriously burned that
he can hardly recover. Mr. Hornickel was one
of the most experienced and successful of operating
officials in the Pittsburgh field. Those who
faced death to recover the bodies are: Henry
Louttitt, Monongahela, mine inspector of the First
bituminous district; John McVicker, Monongahela,
superintendent of the Black Diamond mine; Patrick
Neaken, boss driver at Hazel Kirk shaft No.
2, and Arthur Wright. Monongahela.
Surveys have been completed, according to reports
published by the Denver newspapers, for
an electric power line from the coal fields near
Gallup to Clifton, Ariz., a distance of almost 200
miles. The plan is to erect power houses at several
coal mines in the Gallup district to transform
the coal into electric power. The coal can
be mined at a minimum cost of $1.10 a ton, while
al Clifton it commands from $5 to $8 a ton. It
will be cheaper to turn the coal into power at the
mines and conduct the power to Clifton, a smelting
and mining center.
Nearly 30,000 mine workers from the Lackawanna
and Wyoming valleys paraded in Scranton,
October 28, in honor of Mitchell day. President
Mitchell of the United Mine Workers rode in a
carriage with Mayor Connell. Thousands of persons
witnessed the parade. M. H. Healy, a district
board member, was marshal and the parade
marched in seven divisions.
Suits were filed at Charleston, W. Va., October
29, against the Stevens Quarrier, Cherokee Holly,
Cardiff Carbon, Perdew & Holly, the Republic Coal
Co. and the W r est Virginia Colliery Co. for damages
aggregating $125,000. The suits were entered
for ejections during the strike of last winter
in the Kanawdia field.
The American Federation of Labor annual convention
opens in Old City Hall, Pittsburgh, November
13. Between 250 and 300 delegates will
attend the convention. There is no known opposition
to the re-election of Samuel Gompers as
president, and he will, in all probability, be accorded
a unanimous vote of retention in the office.
The State Railroad Commission of Indiana has
granted to the Southern Railroad Co. permission
to make a lower rate on coal into Evansville and
New Albany from the mines along that road than
it makes to other points on the line between the
mines and the two terminal cities.

The state railway commission of Georgia has
issued an order requiring railways to re-weigh
carloads of coal and lumber at destination if the
consignee so requests. The request must be made
within free time for delivery and must be accompanied
with a deposit of $2. which money is to
be refunded if the actual weight proves to be
more than 500 pounds different from the billed
weight.
The retail eoal dealers of Northampton, Mass.,
have advanced the price of anthracite fifty cents
per ton. This is more than the usual advance,
but the coal dealers offer a discount of twenty-five
cents a ton to cash buyers.
The retail coal dealers at Knoxville, Tenn., have
advanced the price of coal twenty-five cents a ton.
The reason for the advance in price is said by the
retailers to be caused by an advance in the wholesale
price.
M. J. Ronan has purchased a half interest in
the coal and wood yard of W. A. Clarey, Utica,
N. Y. The business will be conducted under the
name of Clarey & Ronan.
The J. W. Bedford Co. has been incorporated
in Omaha, Neb., with a capital of $5,000, and will
engage in the retail coal business.
William Sperry, of Muskogee, I. T., is authority
for the statement that the coal business is quiet
in the Indian territory.
The Prosser Feed & Fuel Co. has engaged in
business in Prosser, Wash., under tne management
of L. J. Davis.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
The Meyer Bros. Coal Co. has purchased switch
property in St. Louis, Mo., and will open a new
coal yard.
Swope & Wheeler have been succeeded in the
c-oal business in Shoshone, Ida., by Burgess &
Bowen.
The receivers of the Devlin property have arranged
to continue in the operators' association.
H. N. Bell has sold his coal and lumber business
in Aurora, Neb., to the Grosshans Lumber Co.
E. E. Johnston has succeeded to the fuel business
of Johnston & Wiley, in Estherviile. Ia.
The Boulder Coal Co. has been incorporated in
Denver, Colo., with a capital stock of $20,000.
T. P. Hopp, a merchant of Bridgeport, Wash.,
is about to engage in the coal business.
George Lewis has purchased the coal business of
Henry Schlicting, in Yates Center, Kan.
J. B. Thompson has purchased the fuel business
of C. E. Tull, in Coffeyville, Kan.
Croy & Co. have succeeded to the coal business
of Croy & Davis, in Knoxville, Ia.
The coal sheds of William M. Mills, Sea Cliff,
L. I., were recently destroyed by a fire, which also Henry Reinhart has sold his coal business in
destroyed other property. The total loss is esti­ West Bend, la., to D. E. Kulp.
mated at about $25,000.
Campbell & Riley will engage in the fuel business
in Los Angeles, Cal.
Eli Trufit has sold his coal business in Greeley,
Kan., to D. C. Davis.
F. E. Wilcox has engaged in the coal business
in Kearney, Neb.
At a meeting of the Iowa Coal Operators' Asso­
ciation, held at Des Moines, Iowa, last month, rep­
The Bridgeport Lumber & Coal Co. has been incorporated
in Bridgeport, Neb., with a capital
stock of $25,000.
resentatives were named to attend the bituminous
conference to be held at Chicago November 22.
Two delegates at large were selected, C. H. Morris,
president of the association, and J. P. Reese, secre­
Gutzmer & Son, of Lincoln, Neb., are reporting
tary. In addition, the following district delegates
that new coal is in demand, the old stocks having
were named: First district—Alex. Dargavell, Cen­
disappeared.
terville, la.; Second District—H. L. Waterman,
Mann & Palmisaxo have purchased the business
of the Gaulon Wood. Coal & Coke Co., Lid., of New
Orleans, La.
Ottumwa, la.; Third District—B. C. Buxton, Buxton,
la.; Fourth District—E. C. Smith, Des Moines,
la.; Fifth District—Col. H. H. Canfield, Boone, Ia.
The death is reported of Richard H. Keith, presi­ The delegates elected were empowered to use their
dent of the Central Coal & Coke Co., of Kansas own discretion as to any action that may come up
City, Mo.
for a decision.

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
About 300 mine inspectors, superintendents,
loremen, assistant foremen, fire bosses and other
officials formerly or at present connected with the
mining industry in ihe Tenth anthracite district.
met at the new Ferguson hotel, in Shenandoah,
Pa., October 21, and presented the retiring mine
inspector, William Stein, with a handsome gold
watch and chain. W. W. Lewis, former superintendent
of the William Penn colliery, presided, and
W. J. Richards, general manager of the Philadelphia
& Reading Coal & Iron Co.. made the presentation
speech. Dinner was then served. Mr.
Stein started to work in the mines of Scotland
with his father when only a lad of eight years.
Mr. John Veith. for 25 years general mining
superintendent of the Reading Coal & Iron Co.,
died very suddenly recently at his home in Pottsville
from paralysis. Mr. Veith had greater
knowledge of the inner workings of the mines of
the Schuylkill region than any other man living,
carrying in his head a complete map of the underground
operations at each colliery. In the hope
of his recovery the company relieved him of active
duties several months ago so that he could act
merely in an advisory capacity, receiving his full
salary. He was a self-made man, working his
way up from being a common miner to the highest
position the Reading could give him.
John Detemple, Sr., for many years an employe
of the H. C. Frick Coke Co.. and later located in
. the new coal and coke field along the Tug river.
has gone to Indian territory to take charge of a
coking plant for a western company.
Mr. George Beeson, late auditor of the Sunday
Creek Coal Co.. has associated himself with A.
Brenholtz in the General Hocking Fuel Co. Mr.
Beeson is recognized as one of the most competent
men in his line.
Mr. John H. Winder, of the Sunday Creek Coal
Co., Columbus, O., has been on a business trip
east. This month he will make a trip to the
south.
(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 29).
3. It is agreed that the company will see that
the coal is properly cut and shot in a workmanlike
manner. The loader must then do the necessary
work to load the coal.
4. This agreement is made to apply to entry
work and room turning only, it being understood
that entry work includes breakthroughs between
entries.
5. It is understood and agreed that mine No.
14 will be governed by this agreement, when they
start to screen and weight the coal.
6. This agreement to be in full force until April
l. 1906, except that the operator can secure a readjustment
by giving 15 clays notice of his desire
to do so; if said notice is given, the miners' agree
to re-open the question and make a scale on a
basis that will be fair and equitable to all parties
at interest. (Signed! JOHN P. REESE.
JOHN P. WHITE.
Case No. 88; agreement between Lee and Romesburg
on bump coal question.
It is hereby agreed that what is known as bump
coal belongs to the operator.
It is also agreed that the company may load said
bump coal with conipany or machine men.
It is understood that nothing in the above agreement
shall be construed to mean that a loader
cannot load said bump coal when ne considers it
to his advantage to do so; if requested by the mine
foreman the conipany men shall remove the dirt
from the road to avoid unnecessary delay for the
loader, or the loader compensated for removing it.
It is understood that when bump coal is to be
loaded by loaders in more than one wheelway.
that all loaders who have not a place, be given
equal chance to load it.
OSKALOOSA. IOWA. Sept. IS, 1905.
Approved and made applicable to all mines using
the Lee machine at Mystic.
Decision No. 96.
(Signed) JOHN P. REESE,
JOHN P. WHITE.
DES MOINES, IOWA, Sept. 28, 1905.
Decision by McBirne and Reese, applying to
Mr. George W. Theis, general manager of Monon­ Gibson's mine:
gahela River Consolidated Coal & Coke Co., has 1. It is agreed that the Brophy boys have no
returned to headquarters after a business trip case.
down-river including some of the company's larger 2. It is agreed that Acey Golightly shall be
market centers.
given room No. 14 on the 12th south entry when
turned; it is further agreed that he shall start a
Capt. James A. Henderson has been elected chair­ room in the 11th south to-morrow morning.
man of the river and harbors committee of the 3. It is further agreed that the miners must
Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce, to succeed the go to work when the company have been promised
late Capt. John F. Dravo.
railroad cars, regardless of how many cars are in
sight; it is further agreed that the company will
notify the men as soon as possible when they
learn that they will not get cars.
JOHN P. REESE,
JOHN P. WHITE.

ACCIDENTS IN THE ANTHRACITE MINES.
In his annual report for 1904 on the anthracite
coal mines of Pennsylvania, James E. Roderick,
chief of the bureau of mines, discussing accidents,
says accidents in and about the anthracite mines
occur with alarming frequency. This is especially
true of the accidents that result from falls of
coal, slate and roof, and from mine cars. Many
lives, also, are lost in the shafts by reason of deranged
machinery or through the carelessness of
the engineers. Two very serious accidents of
this kind occurred during the year; one at the
Auchincloss shaft of the Delaware, Lackawanna
& Western Railroad Co., by which 10 lives were
lost, and the other at the Baltimore shaft of the
iJorrance colliery of the Lehigh Valley Coal Co.,
by which four lives were lost. In each case the
engineer lost control of his engine.
More accidents resulted from falls of coal, roof
and slate than from any other cause. At least
one-half of these accidents could have been
avoided if the victims themselves, their co-employes
and the men directly in charge of the mines
had been more careful. On an average, six lives
are lost by falls to one by explosion of gas. While
the law demands that, as the men advance in their
workings, the persons in charge shall see that all
dangerous parts are taken clown, this is only
partly done, and we cannot hope to reduce the
number of accidents until both parties—employer
and employe—perform their duties with greater
fidelity. The employe should use his best judgment,
especially when sounding doubtful parts
of the coal, sides or roof, and should make an
effort to take down, or to make secure by timber
or otherwise, all such parts. The employer, on
his part, should see that the foreman has a sufficient
number of assistants to cover every working
place in the mine at least once a day. He should
see that the people who are actually engaged in
the mining of coal are enabled to do so under the
safest conditions possible. The foreman's assistants
for this work could be designated timber
bosses, and their special duty would be to examine
the safety of the roof and sides of every working
place, and to see that sufficient timber is furnished
the miners, and that tne miners put up
the timber when needed. The timber boss should
also make a note of the condition of each place
as to its safety and as to the ventilation, and his
observations should be recorded in a book to be
kept in the mine office for the inspection of the
foreman, the superintendent and the miners, and
especially for the inspector while on his tour of
duty. Books for this purpose could be furnished
by the department of mines. A penalty should be
attached for any violation of the law on the part
of the superintendent, foreman, timber boss or
miners. We shall never have the pleasure of
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
recording a reduction in the number of accidents
from falls until there is a more systematic effort
made by both employer and employe to keep the
working places in a safer condition.
Of the 496 lives lost inside the mines during
the year 1904, 75 were lost in 23 accidents. The
loss of life was as follows: By falls, 10; explosions
of gas, 12; explosions of powder and dynamite,
18; cars, 4: falling down shafts, 9; fumes
from mine fire, 5; fumes from locomotive in a
tunnel, 10. The causes of these fatalities can be
classified as follows: Negligence of victims, 14;
negligence of others, 33; unavoidable, 28. It is a
regrettable statement to make that of the 75 persons
killed. 33, or 44 per cent., lost their lives
by the carelessness of other people. There ought
to be a law by which such carelessness would be
made punishable by a heavy fine and imprisonment.
Of the 496 persons killed inside the mines, 3
were foremen, 1 fire boss, 233 miners, 145 miners'
laborers, 31 drivers and runners, 20 door-boys and
helpers, and 63 other employes. On the surface
there were 99 fatal accidents, including 1 foreman,
5 blacksmiths and carpenters, 3 engineers and
firemen, 11 slate pickers (men and boys), and 79
other employes. Of the fatalities, 83.4 per cent.
occurred inside the mines, and 16.6 per cent, outside.
Of the 161,330 employes, 68.4 per cent, were
employed inside, and 31.6 per cent, outside. Of
the 496 fatal accidents inside the mines, about 75
per cent, occurred among the miners and miners'
laborers. These two classes are the heaviest sufferers
in the way of fatalities.
Every year when the accidents that occur in
and about the coal mines are analyzed, it is found
that the responsibility rests to a great extent
with the victims themselves. Of the 595 lives
lost during the past year in and about the anthracite
mines, 282, or 47.4 per cent., were lost through
the negligence of other victims, 56, or 9.4 per cent.,
through the negligence of other persons. In the
case of 53, or 8.9 per cent, of the accidents, the
responsibility cannot be determined, and the remaining
204, or 34.3 per cent., are classified as
unavoidable. These figures are truly a sad commentary
on the supervision and carefulness of the
persons most interested—the operators, superintendents,
foremen and miners.
The Pittsburgh Block Coal Co., with offices in
the Farmers' Bank building, Pittsburgh, is opening
a new mine at Hopedale. Ohio, on ihe Lake
Erie, Alliance & Wheeling railroad. The vein is
Pittsburgh No. 8, and the capacity will be in the
neighborhood of 1,000 tons per clay. This company
is installing a box car loader at its Ginther
mines.

•50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Y. M. C. A. WORK IN PENN­
SYLVANIA BITUMINOUS FIELDS.
The Bituminous Association News, published at
Greensburg, Pa., by the bituminous region com­
mittee of the State Young Men's Christian Asso­
ciation, in its September number reports:
"New organizations have been effected at Freeport,
Rossiter and Vintondale. Freeport raised
al^out $500 for equipment before opening the
rooms. They have about as fine quarters as are
to be found anywhere. The ministers of all the
different churches took a great interest and helped
secure funds for equipment. Rev. F. A. Richards
was elected president and he has guided the work
with masterly skill. Quarters are furnished at
Vintondale by the coal conipany and everything
bids fair for a healthy organization. Rossiter
has petitioned the coal conipany for a building.
About 200 names were secured upon the petition.
Enthusiasm runs high, and the men are elated
over the prospects of a building. Names of many
foreign-speaking men are on the petition."
Among the coal companies interested in the
movement are the following: The Huron Coal
Co.. Atlantic Crushed Coke Co.. the Hecla Coke Co.,
the Beech Creek Coal & Coke Co.. Morrisdale Coal
Co., Bessemer Coke Co., Lilly Coal Co., Clearfield
Bituminous Coal Corporation, Northwestern Mining
& Exchange Co., Blossburg Coal Co., Vinton
Colliery Co., Clearfield & Jefferson Coal & Iron Co..
Pennsylvania Coal & Coke Co., Pittsburgh & Baltimore
Coal Co., Keystone Coal & Coke Co.. Ber
wind-White Coal Mining Co.. the Jamison Coal &
Coke Co., Madeira Hill Coal Mining Co., Saxman
Coal Cos., Penn Gas Coal Co., the Westmoreland
Coal Co.. Manor Gas Coal Co., South Fork Coal
Co., the Stineman Coal Mining Co., the Stineman
Coal & Coke Co., Oliver-Snyder Steel Co. (coal interests),
the Somerset Coal Co., W. B. Skelly Coal
Co.
THE MATTER OF HAULAGE.
The item of haulage is one of the most important
components of the cost of coal mining and
will run from 10 to 20 per cent, of the total cost
of coal f. o. b. the railroad cars, averaging probably
15 per cent, in the coal mines of Alabama
and Tennessee, writes Charles E. Bowron, mining
engineer, in Mines and Minerals. We may classify
mine haulage under two heads: (1) animal
haulage and (2) mechanical haulage, including
wire rope, steam, air and electric locomotives, and
we may further classify it in many instances as
I A) primary haulage or haulage on the main
entries or haulways of the mine, these being permanent
during the life of the mine, and IB)
secondary haulage on the room or working entries,
including the distribution of empty cars to,
and the collection of loaded cars from, the individual
working places.
Practically all the coal mines of Alabama and
Tennessee are either slope or drift mines. In the
case of slopes, hoisting engines are, of course,
employed from the outset of operations to hoist
on the main slope while mules are used for the
secondary haulage on the working entries, which
are usually driven off at nearly right angles with
the slopes. It is evident that until the working
or room entries, or headings, as they are promiscuously
called in this case, become of some length,
that mule haulage is the most economical for
gathering trips to the main rope. The general
course of these slopes is to gradually flatten out
in a distance varying from one-fourth to one-half
a mile, sometimes a little more, when the basin is
reached and the coal is found to be practically flat,
of course with numerous local swags and knuckles
in it. The drift mines naturally employ mule
haulage from the outset.
When the territory to be worked is of sufficient
extent to justify the expenditure called for, there
conies a time, in the life of every coal mine employing
animals for either primary or secondary
haulage, when the substitution of some form of
mechanical haulage for either the primary or
secondary haulage, or perhaps both, will likely
prove to be a profitable move: it will sometimes
become even imperative in order to increase the
output, or sometimes, even to maintain the past
rate of output, all of which becomes increasingly
difficult with the advance of the mine.
The Ingersoll-Rand Co., 11 Broadway, New York,
announces the establishment of a branch office at
Houghton, Mich., under the management of Mr.
T. F. Lynch, who has for several years past represented
the Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Co. in the
copper and iron districts of the north. At the
new office a complete stock of repair and duplicate
parts for all Ingersoll-Rand machinery will be
carried, assuring the most ready service to patrons
of the company in the territory covered.
The Southeastern Retail Coal Merchants' Association
was organized at Atlanta, Ga., October 18
by retail coal dealers of Georgia, North and South
Carolina, Florida and Alabama. The following
officers were elected: Robert Graves, Rome, Ga.,
vice-president; A. G. Cower, Greenville, S. C, first
vice-president; T. M. Weaver, Asheville, N. C,
second vice-president; W. F. Vandiver, Montgomery,
Ala., third vice-president; W. F. Plane, Atlanta,
secretary-treasurer.

(CONTINUED FROM OCTOBER 16).
SUGGESTIONS FROM THE EXPERIENCE OF
AN EX-PRIVATE MINE INSPECTOR—PRE­
PARATIONS, PUMPS, TIMBERING, AND
COAL MINING.
Another question put to the mine inspector:
Our posts are costing too much, look into the
matter; see if there can't be some improvement
made in posting generally. The inspector visited
no mine particularly to investigate this case, yet
the first mine entered thereafter disclosed a few
features in posting that were amazing. Hundreds
of posts were simply stuck up, some not vertical,
others without caps, hundreds more were within
3 feet of the gob rib, many were not more than
15 to 18 inches away. This is a very common
and an extremely wasteful practice. The ends of
dozens more thrown carelessly on the gob were
seen protruding from the dirt, as if they were ef
no value whatever. In some of the rooms a fourabreast
row was carried, then without apparent
cause one of them was discontinued. Often there
was a large area in the gob with never a post.
Along the tracks spaces of 20 feet were found between
posts, and again five and six would be seen
with a less distance. No method and no system,
consequently no order. Every man was a law
unto himself, as far as posting was concerned.
When the man in charge was remonstrated with
concerning the negligence and waste every '/here
manifested, he had no remedy to suggest, merely
stating that he seldom saw posting clone in any
other way, and couldn't see how it could be improved
very much. True, it's a difficult matter
to apply a hard and fast method to room posting,
yet any way that contains within itself some outlines
of a system is to be preferred to none at all.
It is wrong to allow workmen to wilfulh waste
posts by placing them where they serve no useful
purpose, and where they actually do harm. Why
should a row of posts be placed in such close
proximity to the gob rib? What are they protecting?
There is no traffic there and little to
support. The natural resistance of the rib is not
increased in an appreciable quantity by adding a
row of posts to it. They are irretrievably lost
as they are too far away to be recovered when
the rib is being extracted. It is when the attempt
to move them is made that one discovers the
harm done by locating them there. A tremendous
pressure is then being exerted. A section of
roof is trying to fall but can't, ihe pressure of
which is now being transmited to the neighboring
post and passed along, to the detriment of the
ribs and to the danger of an already perilous
vocation. The necessity of superior protection to
the dead or gob side of a room over that of the
business side is not apparent. The distance from
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
the rib to the post in one case averages say 3 feet,
in the other where drivers, men and mules are passing
along at intervals during working hours from
6 to 8 feet. It is evidently wrong. There -vie
two very important points to be taken into consideration
in room posting, safety and economy.
Posts should be located where they will form the
most complete safeguard to the workman and, as
far as possible, where they can be recovered so
that the purchaser will derive all the benefit
possible from them.
The following general plan was suggested, which
subsequent experience has proved to be the nearest
to perfection in room posting and which conforms
to another important feature, neatness; instead
of placing them in line from the gob rib to
the track, the new method suggested forms the
figure • . and concentrates the posting in close
proximity to the track. The reason of centralizing
and staggering the support in this manner,
apart from its economic feature, is that each unit
sustains its proportionate amount of pressure,
something impossible with the old style. The
maximum pressure is bound to be exerted more
intensely at the center of the room than at any
other point between the ribs. Places have been
driven to their planned destination by this method
in roofs so bad that they caved almost as soon
as widened out when posted haphazard as formerly
done. It is excellent for a good roof, and
it is better in a bad one. In croppy or slack
vein material it is particularly efficient and it
permits the gob side to cave, thus draining the
balance of the room oi water and gas. For the
miner's protection at the lace they are allowed
4 posts for temporary use between the rib and
the permanent posting, taking out the back two
and bringing them forward after each fall.
Posting thus provides the maximum of safety to
the rib men, their breaking off rows come in line
with the room posts enabling them to work in an
angle formed by natural and artificial supports in
greater safety and a better opportunity to obtain
all the coal and with it nearly all the posts. The
rooms present a very neat and workmanlike appearance
alike pleasing to me eye and satisfying
to the mind. The cost is consioerably lower
where this system has been applied.
"Several of our mines are not producing the
quantity of coal reasonably expected of them,
their territories are extensive, their equipment
sufficient, and there is no lack of labor. There
is evidently a lack of system at some of these
mines, investigate this thoroughly, give me the
results of your investigation as quickly as possible,
the season is fast approaching when we
will be required to give coal and not excuses. We
must be ready." Thus commissioned, the inspec-

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
tor issued forth on a mission that proved to be
intensely interesting and instructive. It brought
to light the fact that superintendents and mine
foremen, capable of unraveling the most complex
problems in ventilation, mechanics, mine chemistry,
etc.. could not guess within 150 pit wagons
the proper capacity of their tipples. Superintendents
and mine foremen were generally at
variance from 100 to 200 wagons when estimating
the ability of the same tipple. Also, it showed
that they were absolutely ignorant of the number
of rooms and ribs in active operation or the number
of places or of miners necessary to keep the
tipple actively employed for 8 hours, the percentages
of places to be kept in excess of the real
requirements to compensate for those likely to be
under water, in clay veins, horsebacks, slack vein,
etc. The following is a sample dialogue indulged
in by the inspector and many of the superintendents
and foremen designated by his mentor:
"John, what is the capacity of your tipples?"
"Well. I don't know exactly, they tell me they
have clumped 600 pit cars in 8 hours, averaging
1% tons run-of-mine. The best I've been able to
do is 450 and I don't think we could handle 600
if we could get them."
"What are you averaging?" "About 235 to 400."
"How many rooms have you going?" "I can't
say for sure."
"How many ribs?" "Can't tell you that, but if
you can wait until the fire bosses come out we
can reckon them up, or I could let you know by
mail tomorrow."
"What percentage of places are non-productive
owing to troubles of all descriptions?" "A good
many, I know, but I couldn't give the exact amount
just now."
"What proportion of your men are required on
rib work to keep close up to the rooms: ' "That
is something I've never bothered about. There
are now 20 engaged but should I start on ribs
that are now standing idle I could put on 30 more."
"Is it good practice to have ribs standing idle;
does not every day add to the ultimate cost of
mining them? In a snort time falls and water
accumulate, the room men steal the rails and
often confiscate a few of the road posts should
the drivers fail to supply the demand instanter."
"That is all true," is the rejoinder.
It is also a fact, by attacking a rib immediately
at the finishing of a room, the difficulties enumerated
above are not encountered, nor the loss of
posts, coal and the direct loss of money paid in
wages for relaying of rails, hauling water and
cleaning falls. The failure to attack a rib at the
proper time is one of the most common and most
fruitful sources of trouble and expense that has
come to my notice; ribs are neglected for months,
in one or more a large fall takes place, the mine
foreman decides it is too costly to remove and
cheaper to lose the coal. This decision conveys
more to the practical man than is apparent on
the surface. To lose coal, track and posts is serious
enough, yet, scarcely worth notice compared
to that which inevitably follows. The roof can't
collapse, it swings on the last stump and eventually
finding vent along the line of least resistance,
which is down the room, the posts bend before it.
This part is also lost as machine mining seldom
leaves a rib thick enough to skip, but this caving
is only partial, the mass of strata probably hundreds
of feet thick is yet bearing heavily upon
the next rib being worked. More falls follow,
more coal is lost, a creep ensues. The entries are
involved and hundreds of dollars worth of work
is lost. There is no experienced miner but can
testify to the truth of this.
All could have been avoided had the man in
charge estimated the amount of coal that must
of necessity come from the ribs to keep abreast
of the room work and see that the proper force
was constantly engaged to produce it. Not one
mine in 25 is in the desired condition, viewing
them from this standpoint.
This is the trouble witn the most of mines not
yielding the returns they can and will if the managers
have the right ideas backed with on adequate
force necessary to vigorously prosecute the
same.
(TO BE CONTINUED.)
CHINESE IN CANADIAN MINES.
Consul Dudley writes from Vancouver about the
employment of Asiatics in the mines of British
Columbia. He says:
"Some time ago the British Columbia parliament
enacted a law forbidding the employment of Chinamen
in mining underground. The Wellington
Colliery Co.. desiring to test this law, continued
to employ Chinamen in underground work, whereupon
an agreed case was submitted to the courts
and passed finally to the privy council in London,
England, the court of last resort. The judicial
committee of the privy council has handed down a
decision in favor of the colliery conipany. The
committee sustained the contention of the company
that it could send its employes to any portion
of its property. Similar acts, relating to
both Chinese and Japanese, have previously been
disallowed by the Dominion government; and in
one case Downing street decided against a law
very similar to the one just acted upon."

u
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
i «SSi *xSl SS ijsSiysxj^
RtMbRANDT PEALE, PRESIDENT. JNO. W. PEALE, GEN-L MANAGER.
J. H. LUMLEY, TREASURER.
No. J BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N. Y.
tot c »
i r - * ' .. n r ...... *
NORTH AMERICAN BUILDING,
PHILADELPHIA, PENNA.
>
E. E. WALLING, GEN-L SALES ASENT.

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Low One-Way Fares South and Southwest. Coal washing apparatus, John Anderson. Peoria,
ill.; S01.703.
Special Settlers' Excursions via Pennsylvania Lines
Coal washing apparatus. R. L. Martin, Jr.. Pit.sburgh,
assignor to Pittsburgh Coal Washer Co.,
same place; 801,803.
Coal drill, C. W. Cowell. Novinger, Mo.; 801,853.
November 7th and 21st reduced one-way Settlers'
excursion tickets will be sold via Pennsylvania
Lines to points in Alabama. Florida, Georgia, Kentucky.
Louisiana, Mississippi. North Carolina,
South Carolina. Tennessee and Virginia. For full
information regarding fares, time of trains, etc..
apply to Local Ticket Agent of Pennsylvania Lines,
or J. K. Dillon. District Passenger Agent. 515 Park
building, Pittsburgh, Pa.
RECENT COAL TRADE PATENTS.
The following recently granted patents of interest
to the coal trade, are reported expressly for
Tin: COAI. TRADE BULLETIN by J. M. Nesbit, patent
attorney. Park building, Pittsburgh, Pa., from
whom printed copies may be procured ior 15 cents
each:
Method of and apparatus for treating coal, ores
and other minerals for draining them of water,
Fritz Baum. Heme, Germany; 801,204.
Combination miners' candlestick and match safe,
J. B. Lindahl, Colorado Springs. Colo.; 801,465.
Coal cutting machine, W. E. Garforth. Richard
Sutcliffe anu William Buxton, Wakefield. Endland;
801,583.
e
^
M. M. COCHRAN, President.
W. HARRY BROWN, Vice President.
Coal or ore loader, W. C. Whitcomo, Chicago;
801.948.
Coal drill, W. H. Clarkson, Edwards Station, 111.;
802,197.
Apparatus for mining (2), Ralph Baggaley,
Pittsburgh; 802,348 and 802,349.
Bit socket for coal drills, J. S. Lime, Pittsburg,
Kan.; 802, 401.
Miner's pick. F. N. Wilson, Cripple Creek, Colo.;
S02.541.
Car for receiving mateiial resulting from a
blasting operation, i\ H. Proske, Denver. Colo.;
802,783.
Miner's candlestick, T. W. Conklin, Mullan, Ida.;
802,799.
The separation of coa!, by washing, from the
various impurities with which it occurs, depends
on the respective specific gravities of the various
substances. The sp. gr. of bituminous coal is
1.35; that of slate and ordinary rock about 2.7,
and of iron pyrite 5.
=\
JOHN H. WURTZ, Sec'y ard Treas.
J. S. NEWMYER, General Manager.
WASHINGTON GOAL & COKE COMPANY,
GENERAL OFFICE, DAWSON, FAYETTE COUNTY, PA.
YOUGHIOGHENY
COAL,
STEAM, GAS, COKING.
5,000 TONS, DAILY CAPACITY.
INDIVIDUAL CARS.
CONNELLSVILLE
COKE,
FURNACE, FOUNDRY, CRUSHED.
SHIPMENTS VIA B. 4. O. R. R., AND P. & L. E. R. R. AND CONNECTIONS.
SALES OFFICE : PITTSBURGH, PA.
N. P. HYNDMAN, Sales Agent.
H. R. HYNDMAN, Asst. Sales Agent.
J

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 56
©lo Colony Coal & Coke Co.
Ikepstone Butlctng, Pittsburgh, |pa.
ligonier gteam Coal
flfiouitisville (Bas Coal
Conndlevilk Cofce.
mines - - * - \ Xi 0° niec > 1P> a " ®- IR- 1R-
I /IDounosvHlle, m. Da., B. & ©. 1R. IR.
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
FAMOUS
TT
ff
/'/
SOUTH FORK, {[ " A R Q Y L E " W PENNSYLVANIA.
SMOKELESS
O A
C rs x V
Atlantic Crushed Coke Co.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
LATROBE STEAM COAL
CONNELLSVILLE
FURNACE nni/r
FOUNDRY I. II K T
CRUSHED WUIIU
i»i»»»i»i»t»i»i»i»nm»lt
GENERAL OFFICES: " GREENSBURG, PA.
J——J Jtn Advertisement in The Coal Trade Bulletin Brings Results. *.—. 1

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
PURITAN COAL MINING CO.
IINERS AND SHIPPERS
l-l
PURITAN AND CRESCENT
BITUMINOUS COALS.
STINEMAN COAL MINING COMPANY,
SOUTH FORK COALS.
26 South 15th Street,
PHILADELPHIA.
No. 1 Broadway,
NEW YORK.
LIGONIER COAL COMPANY,
LATROBE, PA.
e©NNELLSYILLE C©KE. I
0000000000000 0000 00000 000 000 0000000000000BB0000000000 00 00000000 000 000 00000 00000000000000000000000000.
United Coal Company
*> of PittsburdlvPemia «*
MINES ON MONONGAHELA RIVER, SECOND POOL; PITTSBURGH & LAKE ERIE
RAILROAD; BALTIMORE & OHIO RAILROAD AND PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD.
General Offices:
BanK For Savings Building,
New York Office. PITTSBURGH, PA. Philadelphia Office:
Whitehall Building. Pennsylvania Building.
Westmoreland Gas Coal
Youghiogheny Gas &SteamCoal

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
^irnimnrnmnmnimimni^^
| QEORQE I. WHITNEY. PRESIDENT. A. C. KNOX. TREASURER. 2
HOSTETTER CONNELLSVILLE COKE COMPANY
HIGHEST GRADE
CONNELLSVILLE COKE
FURNACE AND FOUNDRY ORDERS SOLICITED.
FricK Building',
B BELL TELEPHONE. 696 COURT. "^I PITTSBvJ JTV.G H, PA. :
APPOLLO COAL CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
APOLLO HIGH GRADE STEAM COAL
AND
JOHNSTOWN MILLER VEIN
COAL.
GENERAL OFFICES: . . . GREENSBURG, PA.
J. P. MURPHY, President. W. L. DIXON, Vice-President and General Manager. JAS. J. FLANNERY, Treasurer.
MEADOW LANDS COAL GO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
PITTSBURGH COAL.
Mines at Meadow Lands,
On the Panhandle Railway.
DAILY CAPACITY 1,000 TONS.
GEIMERAL- OFFICES:
Farmers Bank Bldg., 5th Ave. & Wood St.,
PITTSBURGH, PA.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
rv r
ACME COAL MINING Ca
GREENSBURG, PA.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
CELEBRATED
ACME AIMD AVONDALE
HIGH GRADE
STEAM COALS.
MINES, BIMERSBURG AND SHANNON STATION, PA.
SLIGO BRANCH B„ & A. V. DIVISION OF P. B. B.
SALES AGENT:
H. J. HUNTSINGER, P IB85KBS 1 ' BUFFALO, N. Y.
Lrt *J
^Jj. L. SPANGLER, JOS. H. REILLY, JOS. B. CAMPBELL,
PRESIDENT. V. PREST. it TREAS. SECRETARY.
Duncan=Spangler Coal Company,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
"BLUBAKER" and "DELTA"
BITUMINOUS COAL,
AN A-NO. 1 ROLLING MILL COAL.
FIRST-CLASS FOR STEAM USES.
OFFICES:
1414 SO PENN SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA. No. 1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK
SPANGLER, CAMBRIA COUNTY, PA.
& _ _ ^ __&;

GOAL TRADE BULLETIN^
Vol. XIII. PITTSBUKGH, PA., NOVEMBER 15, 1905. No. 12.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN:
PUBLISHED TWICE A MONTH.
Copyrighted by THE COAL TRADE COMPANY, 1'JU.J.
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STRAUB, Managing Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION, - - - - $2.00 A YEAR.
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THE COAL TRADE COJIPA.NY.
926-930 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh, Pa., as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
SECRETARIES OF THK ANTHRACITE DISTRICT organi­
zations of miners on Novemoer 6 issued the call
for the convention, December 14, at Shamokin, Pa.,
wnich is to draft wage demands for a proposed
agreement with operators after expiration of the
anthracite commission award, April 1. Among
proposed demands the S-hour day will lie a bone
of contention. The contract miner now contends
that the shortening of ihe hours of operation
would mean that fewer cars would be supplied to
the contract miners, and it is natural to suppose
that they will object to any change that would
result in a deterioration of their conditions. The
contract miners, as a rule, are not very much in
favor of the 8-hour prospect. Tney work no more
now, and some even less, and they propose to be
well represented at the Shamokin convention.
They will endeavor to include in the demands
on the operators a clause which will guarantee
them some compensation for the proposed reduc­
tion of the hours of the working day. Another
view of the affair is that the contract miner will
derive the benefit from a reduction in the time of
l lie working day liy the logical increase in the
numlier of woiking days Ihat will be created by
the proposed change. A reduction of one hour in
each working day, this faction contends, would
result in about four more days per month being-
added to tbe year's average, and that weekly sus­
pensions on account of a surplus supply of coal
would thus be obviated. ' ilifferences on this score
within the organization will make tne convention
an interesting one.
Tin: BUSINESS RECORD I'm; THE FORTNIGHT past
includes as its characteristic features the continued
rush of mercantile and industrial operations, and
a temporary but very positive stringency in the
speculative loan market. The November weather
has inspired the purchasing of many lines of win­
ter goods in excess of facilities for delivery, and
nearly all branches of trade are crowded to their
utmost capacity. Reports of strong conditions
are practically unanimous; price index numbers
show the highest average of values in recent years;
railway earnings maintain a moderate increase
over those of a year ago. ami almost the only
drawbacks are car congestion, some talk of slow
collections and the stringency in Wall street.
Whilst the coal market continues to strengthen.
the iron and steel interest maintains the center
of the activity and buoyancy, witn demand active
and orders hard to place. The bullish sentiment
on pig iron is evident, and some claims are made
of a further 25c advance on Bessemer and basic
pig; but actual transactions have not established
the price above that previously quoted. Con­
siderable orders were placed for finished steel and
steel rails. Structural shapes and plates are in
strong demand. Sheets are a little easier, and
the urgency of the demand for prompt delivery of
coke has somewhat relaxed. Muck bar is scarce

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
and strong, while scrap iron is not so strong.
The New York bank statement is the most pro­
trusive feature of the situation. It shows that
another outflow of gold and legal tenders occurred
to the extent of $10,700,000, and while there was
an urgent contraction of loans to the amount of
nearly $14,000,000 it could not avert a reduction of
the reserve to an amount $2,42S,795 less than the
requirement. This is the result of the course
which has been taken of swelling the loans on
the first indication of a favorable turn in the
money movement. Had that account been kept
to the total of three weeks ago there would still
have been a narrow surplus of reserve. But the
eiiort to sustain a speculative interest in the face
of the fall drain has produced this deficiency. It
is not likely to entail serious complications, but
will enforce further contraction ot loans until the
movements of the next sixty days nave swelled the
cash resources of Wall street.
* * *
ALTHOUGH IN THE LAST EIGHT OR NINE YEARS
more than $100,000,000 has been expended in the
reconstruction of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad.
which is now practically a new road, a great deal
of work is still in progress and much is in con­
templation which must be begun and completed
before the plans of the management are fully car­
ried out. Between Chicago and the Alleghanies
the railroad with the lowest possible grade and
minimum curvature will command the flow of the
two currents of traffic—coal and iron from the
regions of Pennsylvania and West Virginia, and
grain, provisions and cattle seeking the eastern
markets. This was the object of Mr. Murray,
now the president of the road, with Mr. Cowen,
in the rehabilitation of the property. The better­
ment work has been carried along on all of the
divisions of the system and it is commendable
that the policy of the executives will continue to
work to meet the system's great possibilities in
traffic.
It is now officially reported that the farmers of
the West have harvested Ihe banner corn crop
of the United States. Times nave been when
corn was so abundant that it was burned for fuel,
but now the price is so good that, though there
may be corn to burn, the farmers can buy cheaper
fuels and turn their corn into beef and pork.
—o—
Traffic on the Maxican Central railroad is at a
standstill through a striKe of firemen, who demand
3 cents a kilometre, helpers, and Alabama coal.
The company is said to be willing to concede all
but the Alabama coal, claiming it is .oo expensive.
If the suspension lasts long enough this may be
an objection to any old coal.
—o—
Weary of their parrot paroxysms 'bout the "coal
trust," Boston journals are discussing black mud
from the bogs as the fuel of the future and have
instituted experiments at the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology "with most satisfactory results."
—o—
This is going to be a banner year in coal and
steel producion and mines and mills don't seem to
lie stopping because some political machines are
being smashed.
—o—
The man who enjoys and desires to continue the
free accommodations of the county jail is the one
for whom government by injunction has no terrors.
—o—
The dealer who arranged for the filling of his
yards in dog days may be forgiven for wearing that
smile that won't come off.
—o—
On the car shortage issue, it s unanimous, Maine
to Manila.
NEW PRICES ON SUNDAY CREEK,
HOCKING AND WEST VIRGINIA COAL.
The Sunday Creek Co., Columbus, O., issued a
new price circular, November 10, subject to change
without notice. The prices per ton of 2,000
pounds f. o. b. cars at mines are as follows, coal
loaded in box cars being 10 cents the ton additional:
SUNDAY CRKF.K HOCKING COAL—Lump, $1.75;
:i i-inch. $1.65; mine-run, $1.50; domestic nut,
$1.25; nut-pea and slack, $1.00; coarse slack, 75c.
WASHED HOCKING COAL—Stove, $2.00; chestnut,
$2.00; No. 2, $1.25; Nos. 3 and 4. 75c.
WEST VIRGINIA COAL—Smithers Creek handpicked
splint lump, $1.85; Smithers Creek gas '-''A •
$1.50; Smithers Creek gas mine-run, $1.25; Smithers
Creek gas coarse slack, 70c; Kanawha splint
lump, $1.75; Kanawha splint %,, $1.50; Kanawha
splint mine-run. $1.25; Kanawha splint nut pea
and slack, 85c; Kanawha splint coarse slack, 65c;
Cedar Grove lump, $1.75; Cedar Grove %,, $1.50;
Cedar Grove mine-run, $1.25; Cedar Grove coarse
slack, 70c.

THREATENED SUSPENSION OF TEN THOUS­
AND EMPLOYES OF THE ROCHESTER
C&, PITTSBURGH COAL CSt, IRON CO. AND
ALLIED INTER-ESTS IN THE CENTRAL
PENNSYLVANIA FIELDS IS AVERTED—
TEXT OF AGREEMENT INVOLVING SOME
ARBITRATION.
A contest over alleged non-payment of the
Altoona scale by the Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal
& Iron Co., and allied interests affiliated with the
Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh Railroad, in the
Central Pennsylvania field, which threatened a suspension
of about 10,000 men, has been adjusted by
an agreement between Manager L. W. Robinson
and his subordinates and representatives of the
miners' organization. The text of the compact
follows:
PUNXSUTAWNEY. PA., NOV. 3, 1905.
To the local miners of the Sub-District No. 5, of
District No. 2, U. M. W. of A., greeting:
The following agreement was reached between
L. W. Robinson and his superintendents and the
officials of your organiaztion.
1. Scale prices will be paid to all inside day
labor wherever we can show that the scale is
not paid, the price will be restored at once.
All men making the claim that they are not paid
tne scale price must notify the committee at once.
2. The reduction made OTI outside tipple men
that was reduced below the $1.85 basis contrary
to our scale agreement will be settled by arbitration,
company to select two men, the miners'
union two. Decision will be final. The arbitrators
will be appointed at once.
3. The price specified in the agreement must,
and will be paid to all men digging and loading
coal.
4. All contracts will be abolished where proof
is given that such contracts exist, contrary to our
agreement.
5. That where any complaint has been made
about the cars being improperly weighed, the
ma/tter will be adjusted by officers oi the organization
and company officials, making a test and
if the cars are found to be incorrectly weighed
then the cars will be stopped to allow them to be
correctly weighed to the satisfaction of the checkweighman.
6. The dockage system will be adjusted by two
company officials and two men appointed by the
union.
7. That in pillars where men are unable to use
the machine the matter must, be taken up by the
mine boss and miner, and if they settle that the
place cannot be cut by the machine, the miner
must be paid pick price.
All men that have any complaint to make about
being unable to use the machine shall report their
I CONTINUED ON PAGE 48 I.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
DELVING INTO PURPOSES AND QUESTIONS
APROPOS THE FORTHCOMING CON­
FERENCE OF BITUMINOUS COAL
OPERATORS.'
An official of an association of bituminous coal
mine operators—an association representing an
output of forty million tons annually, an association
which does not recognize the miners' union,
was asked why he did not adopt the system of
joint trade agreements, and in reply made this
clear, forceful statement:
"Our operators firmly maintain their right to
employ labor without the intervention of a third
party. We recognize that the inherent fault in
a contract directed by a third party is the operator's
inability to enforce it, the impossibility of
the operator recovering for any damage which
may be occasioned through the failure of their
side to perform that contract, and the ease with
which the other side may enforce it by compelling
the operator to lose either the interest on his
investment through a shutdown or to continue as
may be directed by it." In conclusion he says:
"Until these questions can be adjusted on a more
equitable basis the system of joint trade agreements
will not be acceptable to our people."
The reasons here given for not adopting the
system of joint trade agreements are the very
reasons why the operators now working under
this system of joint trade agreements feel that
the system cannot be long continued unless a more
equitable basis of adjustment is afforded. How to
provide this more equitable basis of adjustment
is one of the vital questions with which the meeting
of operators November 22 is to concern itself.
In his new novel, "The Plum Tree," David Graham
Phillips puts into the mouth of Senator
Harvey Sailer, the giant boss of the United States,
the following axiom: "Every man, even the laxest,
if he is to continue to 'count as one,' must have
a point where he draws the line beyond which he
will not go. The liar must have things he will
not lie about; the thief, things he will not steal;
the compromiser, things he will not compromise;
the practical man in the pulpit,- in politics, in
business, in the professor's chair, or editorial
tribune, things he will not sacrifice, whatever the
cost. That is 'practical honor.'
There is a line which the employer must not
cross; when he takes this stand his troubles will
largely disappear. The existing situation calls
for calm, deliberate, careful reasoning; it does not
call for any argument.
When we say that we are going to reason about
a thing we are going after the truth and when
we propose to argue a. case the idea is that we
(CONTINUED ON PAGE 45).
'Circular issued by Herman Justi, Commissioner, the Illinois
Coal Operators Association,

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
OUTLINES OF MINE VENTILATION.*
By WILLIAM CLIFFORD,
President of the Clifford Fan Works, Jeannette, Pa.
By the outlines of ventilation, we mean the
broad practice of the art as applied to produce a
safe and sanitary atmosphere in the underground
workings of a coal mine. We do not propose to
treat of gases met with in a coal mine, or of the
principles which underlie the laws of ventilation,
as these are well known and have been fully set
forth in text books and transactions of our mining
institutes.
Whenever man is removed from his natural
habitat, the open air. the change must be met by
some artificial means. We ventilate our houses
and public buildings, because if we failed to do
so, the noxious carbonic acid gas, CO,„ generated
by our breath and the burning of fuel for light
and heat, would soon deprive us of vital energy,
and from persistent deprivation of fresh air, and
closeness of space, sleep and death would ensue.
In mines (particularly coal mines) explosive,
poisonous and irrespirable gases are thrown off,
and it is the province of ventilation to remove,
or to dilute so as to render harmless, these gases.
The principal gases met with in coal mines are
CO, and CH,; CO and H.S are found occasionally,
the former given off by mine fires and the latter
resulting from the imperfect combustion of powder.
Little difficulty seems to have been experienced
for want of ventilation in early drift workings,
which were mere primitive burrowings along a
narrow fringe of outcrop, but towards the end of
the Seventeenth century, shafts became common
in the Midland counties of England. It was to
such shafts that the earliest device for giving
rise to a wind, by means of a water fall, was
applied. The water was allowed to run over the
edge of a large bucket, or to fall on a flat surface,
so as to split it up into numerous small
streams, or ducts, before it fell down the shaft.
•From proceedings of the Engineers Society of Western Pennsylvania.
Paper rend June 3), 1905.
Plan of Ventilating Furnace, Eppleton Colliery, Durham.
This created a feeble wind in the diiection of the
falling water, supplying the vital air for the
breathing of men and animals employed below.
The next step was the fire pan, or basket, consisting
of an iron crate suspended at one end of
a chain, the other end being fastened to the barrel
of a windlass at the top of the shaft. This
flre basket, being lowered to near the bottom of
the shaft, the air above it was heated, the change
of density causing it to rise and set up circulation
which continued so long as the fire was kept
burning. The feeble current thus set up was
suitable only for small mines. In sinking shafts
a bellows worked by hand and delivering air into
a tube, reacning nearly down to the bottom of the
shaft, was used.
Later the fire pan. or basket, gave place to a
furnace fixed near the bottom of the shaft, by
which a continuous and greatly increased volume
o. air was obtained. The evolution of the mine
furnace is a most interesting subject, its latest
form being designed to rarify large volumes of air
with great regularity. Many furnaces in deep
shafts produced over 100.000 cubic feet of air per
minute and some of them much more. That at
the Oaks colliery, at the time of the disastrous
explosion in December, 1866. moved 157,000 cubic
feet of air per minute, while at Hatton colliery.
county of Durham. England. 208,000 cubic feet of
air per minute were moved by three furnaces
placed at the bottom of the shaft 300 yards deep.
The most remarkable example of furnace ven­
tilation, the writer believes, still in operation, is
at Murton colliery, Durham. England. The shaft
is 498 yards deep. The volume of air passed is
aboil. 500.000 cubic feet per minute. To rarify
this vast volume, three furnaces of huge dimensions
are used, and twenty-seven boilers used for
generating steam for hauling, pumping and other
purposes, throw their heated products of combus

tion into this furnace shaft, greatly increasing
tne motive column.
Ashton Moss colliery in Lancashire, England,
with a shaft nearly 1,000 yards deep, is ventilated
by a furnace. The writer has no statistics of
the ventilating of this colliery, but from personal
observation, he would not think it approached in
volume many of the better furnace ventilated pits
in the county of Durham. At 1,000 yards deep,
with well designed furnaces, the economy should
approach, if not reach, that of any of our best
modern fans.
At Rose Bridge, another deep mine in Lancashire
still using the furnace, four seams are ventilated,
and the volume of air exceeds 200,000
cubic feet per minute, (shaft 810 yards deep).
The last time the writer descended this shaft, now
over 25 years ago. it was suggested that he accept
the loan of a very heavy flannel jacket and turn
up the collar to pass the furnace drift mouthing?.
Afterwards he was thankful for the loan.
In the construction of furnaces, the general
plan was to build a central arch for the grate and
furnace proper, and two side arches for the purposes
of firing and cleaning the rear end of the
furnace, which had sometimes 50 feet in length
of grate bars by 10 feet wide. These arches were
usually backed overhead, next to the strata, with
sand. Adjustable iron doors at the front, and a
fire brick lined drift to the shaft at the rear,
completed the equipment of an ordinary furnace.
The best practice, however, was to throw a
large arch over the space intended to enclose the
furnace, and build the three interior arches
within it as described above. In a furnace so
constructed, the writer saw checker work of flre
brick over the flre, before he had seen a Siemens
furnace, the mine furnaces performing the same
functions of conserving heat as does the Siemens
furnace, with which you gentlemen are all so
familiar. Two furnaces were often placed side
by side, but delivering into a common furnace
drift, one being kept white hot while the other
was being cleaned.
From 1850 to 1860 the mine furnace received its
greatest development. In mines where the return
air was so highly charged with explosive gas as
to render it dangerous to pass tne returns over
the furnace fire, an arrangement called a "dumb
drift" was used. This was an inclined road
driven from a point in the rear of the furnace,
and in its best form separated from it by solid
strata, entering the shaft at a point sufficiently
high above the furnace drift to prevent ignition
of the fire damp from the flame of the furnace.
In some pits only part of the air was passed
through the duml) drift, and the returns considered
safe were passed directly over the furnace
fire. The best practice, however, was to feed
the furnace with fresh air direct from the bottom
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. .31
of the down cast pit, and pass all returns through
the dumb drift.
The danger remaining was the liability to fire
soot in the furnace flue below and cause it to
blaze out the shaft. This soot was cleaned out
during stoppage of the mine, from holidays or
other causes, and the writer well remembers doing
the somewhat disagreeable duty of "sitting a
horse" at the mouth of the dumb drift, watching
with a safety lamp for fire damp, while the men
were sweeping out the soot from me furnace drift
below.
The statistics available, showing coal consumption
in furnace ventilation, are not very reliable,
"Sitting a Horse" at the Mouth of the Dumb Drift.
as in most cases where furnaces were in use, the
up-cast shaft was used as a chimney for underground
boilers whose consumption was not generally
taken into account. The consumption of
coal per H. P. in the air, varied in every case with
the depth of the shaft. For instance, Pelton
colliery, Durham, England, with a depth of 106
yards, the consumption of coal per H. P. per hour
in air is given as 09.8 pounds, while at Ryhope,
where the shaft is 460 yards deep, the consumption
is given as 26.2 pounds.
With the best furnaces it was found that coal
was burnt very wastefully, and as early as 70
years ago, attempts were made to substitute mechanical
for thermal ventilation. One pet idea
was to use the jet like a crude kind of Koerting
blower, placed in the mine shaft with its mouth

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
upward. This idea received the endorsement of
many eminent mining men and a Royal Commission
of the day, but tlie result was a most dismal
failure.
Displacement blowers like Lemeille and Fabry,
and tlie huge piston machines like Struve and
Nixon, which though of Belgian origin received
their greatest development in South Wales, continued
in use until about forty years ago (indeed
the Struve survived much later at Risca, South
Wales). But when the chimney and shutter invented
by Guibal was placed over a Nasmyth
fan at Tursdale. it showed that the centrifugal
fan was the mine ventilator of the future. This,
coming at a time when colliery explosions were
so common and sweepingly fatal in Europe, gave
tne Guibal fan an excellent entry into the confi­
dence of mine owners, and from a European standpoint
it has well justified that confidence. The
weakness of construction, however, unfavorable
to high speed, compelled mining men to stick doggedly
and tenaciously to slow running fans. In­
creased areas, and consequently increased resistance
to the passage of air in mines, was met by
increased diameter of fans, with a climax of one
50-ft. diameter at St. Hilda colliery. South Shields,
England. Our anthracite friends, in a measure,
have sought to emulate European practice with
less success except in the few cases where Guibal
models have been strictly adhered to. But both
in England and America, outside the hard coal
regions, we have abandoned the idea of getting
over the ground with a cart horse, and have de­
cided that a race horse is what we need to win.
The development of electrical machinery has
had much to do with the new departure in fans.
and the writer would venture to predict that the
electric mine fan of the future is one that will
be direct coupled to the motor.
In twenty years the speed of fans has increased
from about 40 R. P. M. to 200 R. P. M., and diameters
diminished from 50 feet (and very commonly
46 feet) to 16 feet, with results which have surprised
even advocates of high speed. A 45-foot
Guibal fan at Back worth was replaced by a 13-ft.
6-in. Capell fan and 50 per cent, more air passed
at twice the resistance. With fans 16 feet in
diameter we have obtained duties which no Guibal
fan on earth ever did, or ever could do.
A Clifford-Capell fan-;- 25 feet in diameter, running
128 R. P. M. at the Lambert mine, gave a
ventilation of 418,000 cubic feet of air per minute
at a mine resistance equal to 6.2 inches of water
gauge. At Briar Hill mine, Uniontown, Pa., we
have passed 462,000 cubic feet of air per minute
at a resistance of 7.08 inches water gauge, with
a fan 18 feet in diameter, running at 190 R. P. M.,
with a mechanical efficiency of 79.2 per cent, on
IA comprehensive cut of a Clifford-Capell Fan is shown on page
18 of this issue of THK COAI. TKADB BULLETIN.
the indicated horse power of the engine, and the
duty could have been steadily maintained.
The outlines of ventilation should include some
description of the arrangement of underground
workings, but the length of the paper forbids more
than a passing reference. The over-cast or air
crossing is one of the most important things underground,
and its location, size, strength and outlines,
are matters for serious consideration of the
mining engineers.
About the period referred to as the advent of
the Guibal fan, some engineers in England pro­
posed to drive all main air crossings through the
solid strata, above or below the road crossed.
'fhe writer has personal knowledge of only one
mine (Monk Bretton) where this was done.
When an explosion occurs it has been commonly
found that the over-cast is blown down, and consequently
the circulation of air cut off from per­
sons within the mine. Where this is the case,
after-damp gets in its deadly work on those who
have escaped from the heat, or force, of the blast.
In explosions of forty years ago, deaths mainly
resulted from after-damp, the force of the explosion
having been modified by the lack of air to
support combustion. Very limited observations
during twenty years past, and all my reading,
lead me to conclude that the great bulk of deaths
in colliery explosions during that period are from
burning. We do not now get explosions so often,
but when we do get them they are usually detonating
explosions.
In conclusion tne writer ventures to say:
(a) That the air entering a mine should not
have a greater velocity than 2,000 feet per minute
in the down-cast shaft.
(b) The main airways, from the bottom of the
shaft to the first split, should have a combined
area equal to one-third greater than that of the
shaft.
lc) The cross section, at the top and bottom
of a fan shaft, should exceed the area of the shaft
itself by at least 5u per cent.
(di Leading curves at the bottom of the shaft
are a good thing.
(e) The main splits should be as near the
foot of the down-cast pit as possible. Within 100
feet would be good practice.
(f) All air crossings should have cross sections
of 25 per cent, in excess of that of the road delivering
into them, and the grade of approach
should be kept as low as consistent with practical
economy and the volume of air to be passed. This
is also true of an under-cast.
Ig) In all coal mines, where the working zone
is at a distance from the shaft bottom (or drift
mouth) plastered masonry stoppings should be
erected in both main intakes and returns, and
all air scaled to ventilate old workings should be

passed direct into the returns, each panel of gob
having its own over-cast.
(h) The initial velocity, at the point of distribution
to working places, should be sufficient
to allow some scaling without leaving any place
in the district dangerously deficient in air.
Where safety lamps are used, the knowledge
that the Clanny lamp, bonneted as commonly done
in Pennsylvania, is not safe at fifteen feet per
second in an explosive atmosphere, should enter
into a mine foreman's calculations on splitting.
(i) In working roads and return airways, air
should circulate over any cribbing, and when lag­
ging is used, air should invariably oe scaled over
it.
DISCUSSION.
MR. SAMUEL DIESCHER, Mem. Eng. So. W. Pa —
What gains are there from employing fans instead
of the furnace?
MR. F. Z. SCHELLENBERG, Mem. Eng. So. W. Pa.—
I understand with shallow working the fan is
certainly the best. In deep working the furnace
is efficient and in such great mines it is yet doing
the work. There are the benefits of the underground
heat and ot the heated column, but even
there the fan is economical, it is contended. In
Belgium, on mines a thousand meters deep, the
fan is used. The furnace uses more coal and
there is the danger from firing the strata.
MR. SAMUEL DIESCHER—Is it not possible to
direct the air better with a fan than with furnaces?
Is it not of more positive action than the furnace?
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
Fan With liuibal Chimney and Shutter.
MR. WILLIAM CLIFFORD—You have better control
of the air with a fan than with a furnace because
you can more quickly increase, or diminish, the
speed and consequently the volume of air circulating,
and with the fan it is generally possible
to increase the ventilating pressure beyond the
capacity of a furnace of large size even in the
deepest shaft mines.
MR. SAMUEL DIESCHER—If we have a mechanical
device by which we can oring air to a certain
pressure, we can direct the air through flues or
tubes to any point we desire, as long as we have
the power. With a furnace the energy impelling
1 • • -t—f
55 | i 5 B
£3—il i l J
the air currents cannot well be as high as with
the emplo> ment of mechanical means, in which
case we can give the air almost any velocity,
whereas the efficiency of a furnace depends on the
height of the stack, or flue, and the difference of
temperatures between the air in the mine and that
in the stack.
MR. F. Z. SCHELLENIIERG—Is not this nigh water
gauge concomitant with a restricted air passage?
MR. WILLIAM CLIFFORD—Yes, that is what makes
the high water gauge.
MR. SAMUEL DIESCHER—Supposing we have a
long flue through which we drive air. In order
that we can deliver a certain quantity of air at
the far end, we make a very wide flue and apply
the necessary pressure to overcome the friction,
whereas with the furnace, the friction may be so
great as to consume nearly all the energy produced
by the furnace because the furnace acts by
suction.
h

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ME. F. Z. SCHELLENBERG—The furnace acts by
the heating of a column of air, and the higher
that column is. the greater the motive power.
MR. SAMUEL DIESCHER—It is rarifying the air in
the column.
MR. F. Z. SCHELLENBERG—I will take a short cut
and say that to my mind the right way to ventilate
an ordinary mine is to open up to the fresh
air as many places as practical and draw out at
at one place with slow speed. )ou may draw
out very slowly if you have a good many fresh air
openings.
MR. SAMIEL DIESCHER—There must be a difference
in that. The pressure produced must be
greater by powerful fans than by a furnace.
MR. WILLIAM CLIFFORD—The furnace is more
economical in deep mines than in shallow ones.
MR. SAMUEL DIESCHER—Suppose you make a
mine fan as large as there was ever one built,
how much of a furnace wou'.d it take to produce
an equal ventilation?
MR. WILLIAM CLIFFORD—Murton colliery furnaces
probably use as much coal as would be needed to
run ten of the largest fans in Pennsylvania.
MR. F. Z. SCHELLENBERG—You see at our depths.
that we have here, ordinarily the temperature is
about fifty-six degrees Fahrenheit. That is about
the average temperature of the air outside here
and is about the temperature of spring water. It
is the temperature of our shallow mines wdien
they are ventilated. Of course, if (he air is stagnant
in the mine, it gets warmer, but the condition
we do not have here is of great depths where
for every sixty, or eighty, or a hundred feet,
another degree Fahrenheit is added and there is
greater disposition for ascension. Ascensional
ventilation is natural ventilation that we can
take advantage of in aid of a machine or a furnace,
but with the vicissitudes of the seasons there
is baffling and reversing of natural draft. Now
in deep western mines, where explosive gases are
not made, it is all natural ventilation.
In the history of this matter, tnere was a time
not very long ago when a mine was run without
the use of steam power. Then we built the furnaces
as we had no need of steam power for other
purposes. Now we are at the stage generally
where steam is required, and of course we naturally
put in the fan. Besides that, the fan is undoubtedly
the best macnine for shallow mines,
and we are not contemplating any such very deep
mines as they have in England.
Commencing November 7th, the Missouri Paciffc Ry.
Will operate semi-weekly Tourist Car Service between
St. Louis and Los Angeles, via the San
Pedro Route. The cars will leave St. Louis every
Tuesday and Thursday at 9:00 A. M.
PROPERTIES OF BUFFALO
CBi, SUSQUEHANNA CO.
Dealing with its coal properties the annual report
of the Buffalo & Susquehanna says: "In the
last annual report reference was made to the acquisition,
by the Buffalo & Susquehanna Coal &
Coke Co., of a large tract of coal in the Plumville
region. Since that time additional purchases of
adjoining land and mining rights conservatively
estimated to contain 14,000.00(1 tons of excellent
bituminous coal have been made. Further options
are now held on considerable land and mining
rights in the Plumville field, the larger part of
which will probably be acquired. With the completion
of the purchases now contemplated it is
conservatively estimated that the Buffalo & Susquehanna
Coal & Coke Co. will own coal lands containing
about 120,000,000 tons of coal. This does
not include the lands estimated to contain 25,000,-
000 tons of coal owned by the Powhatan Coal &
Coke Co. With the completion of the plants at
Plumville and Big Run the annual capacity of all
the plants of the Buffalo & Susquehanna Coal &
Coke Co. will be about 2,500,000 tons; that of the
plants of the Powhatan Coal & Coke Co. will be
in excess of 250,000 tons, and that of other shippers
tributary to our line should not be less than
250,000 tons. This makes the annual coal and
coke tonnage that should pass over the lines of
the Buffalo & Susquehanna railroad about 3,000,-
000 tons. In time this tonnage should be largely
increased by the development of properties, owned
by other operators, that will naturally be tributary
to our road."
LITTLE KANAWHA PROPERTY SOLD.
The Little Kanawha syndicate's property has
finally been turned over to the Pittsburgh
& Lake Erie Railroad Co. in New York
October 28. This disposes of the project in a
manner not foreseen when the enterprise started,
but will serve the same end in giving to Pittsburgh
an additional outlet to tidewater and making
an aggressive campaign for export trade the
more feasible on that account. It also forms a
new 'Lake to Seaboard" route. The'plans of the
Pittsburgh & Lake Erie, probably in conjunction
with the Pennsylvania, provide for a scheme of
new construction which is the largest undertaken
in many years in trunk line territory. An expenditure
of many millions of dollars will be required
to carry out this plan, which involves a
new railroad from West Economy, 20 miles west
of Pittsburgh, to Staunton, Va.. where connection
will be made with the Chesapeake & Ohio railroad.
Over this railroad the seaboard will be reached at
Newport News, where the C. & O. has magnificent
terminals, built during the regime of Collis P.
Huntington.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
MONTHLY COAL AND COKE TRAFFIC OF VARIOUS RAILROADS, RIVERS AND CANALS TO
END OF AUGUST, 1904 AND 1905.*
MONTHS.
.January....
February. ...
March
May.*
July
August
S months.. 15,025,026 18,180,425
MONTHS.
July
8 months.
Baltimore & Ohio.
1904.
Tons.
1,704.853
1,783,941
1,077,879
1.863,059
1.018.195
1.896,930
1.930,841
2.240,328
1905. 1904.
Tons.
2,307,008
2,058,472
2.345.142
2,148,499
2.315,193
2.314.944
2.261.908
2,437,059
I'hesapeake & Ohio
Canal.
1004. 1905.
Tons, j Tons.
1
4,957
22,811
23,389
23,870
25,813
27,204
128,044
21.118
27,631
22,835
23.419
95,003
l 'hesapeake & Ohio.
Tons.
622,0>3
504,254
630.360
5911.032
532.117
571.132
016,029
697,314
4,443,003
1905.
Tons.
720,907
657,230
762,631
654,585
730,515
663.463
683,1(14
715,887
5.001,420
Pavis Island Dam.
1904. 1905.
Tons. Tons.
128,350. 190,514
775,273
716,035
734,655
442,208
70,546 560.805
256,651, 369.742
100 115.595
2,577,384 2,845,465
Huntingdon & Broad
Top Mountain.
1904. 1905.
Ton?. 1 Tons.
RAILROADS.
132.776 119,070
123,700' 113,846
180,814' 191.978
103,087! 134.301
153.020 137.369
121.085 110.000
116,917 103.231
151,658 157,628
1,143,117 1 007,075
Norfolk & Western.
1904.
Tons.
888,527
756,531
978,314
847.892
902,901
904,200
815 987
860.900
0.961,302
RIVERS AND CANALS.
1905.
Tons,
1,020,736
944,416
1,096,428
1.018,886
1.089.785
1,05% 066
998 977
1,102,771
Great Kanawha Kentucky River,
River. Lock No. 1.
1904.
Tons.
3.601
132,288
107,000
152,120
173,988
162.040
102,660
5,320
899,010
1905. 1904.
TOHB.
142.800
48.600
126,000
171,200
127,300
170.100
117,520
110,800
1,014,920
Tons.
1.400
2,404
7,200
3,602
8,343
611
2,177
2,765
29,492
* Compiled hy the Bureau of Statistics, Department of Commerce and Labor.
REPORT OF PENNSYLVANIA STATE BUREAU
OF INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS AS IT
DEALS WITH COAL.
In the annual report of Robert C. Bair, chief
of the Pennsylvania State Bureau of Industrial
Statistics, many interesting facts and figures relating
to the mining industry are published. That
part of the report which refers to coal mining
statistics says:
The total number of tons mined and sold during
1904 was 58,057,047 tons. In 1904 the amount
mined was 64,595,644 tons, or 6,538,197 tons less
anthracite mined than in 1903. This decreased
tonnage of 10.1 per cent, represents a value of
$10,907,089. The average number of people employed
in 1904 was 160,579. The number in 1903
was 157,955, an increase of 2,624 employed. The
sum of the wages paid this increased number of
employes amounted to $14,593,533 over 1903, or an
increase equivalent to 18.8 per cent.
The average yearly earnings for 1904 was
$574.28. The average yearly earnings in 1903
was $491.43, an increase of $82.85. or 16.8 per cent.
This average increase in the wages of employes
includes 24,134 people that worked in the break­
Penna. {east of Pittsburg
and Erie.)
1904. 1905.
Tons. Tons.
3,031,125 3 022.509
2,818,758 2 969,342
4,014,002' 4,467,041
3,377,631 3.543,235
3,726,409 4,207.011
2,973.250 3,506.034
2.910.000 3,360.035
3 677,589: 4.363,756
1904.
Southern.
Tons.
339 451
289,526
303,843
304,087
308,230
301,014
169,982
250,888
1905.
Tons.
336,252
247,177
347,473
267,080
281,735
258.791
202,804
250,008
8,390,065 26,528,770 20,500,163 2,330,021 2,218,380
1905.
Tons.
8,453
300
10,001
7.204
5,002
3,003
5,718
7,126
46,807
Monongahela River.
1904. 1905.
Tons.
131,817
315,801
1,017.915
1,095,345
856,833
664.472
435,970
341,557
4,859,716
Tons.
645,398
449,384
932,705
1,005,455
927,080
873.461
876,152
731,044
6,500,679
il'anal and Falls at
Louisville.
1904. 1905.
Tons. Tons.
379,66«| 317,821
276,9741 259,275
470,558! 326,299
46,968 101,396
17.662 90,983
1,456 18,033
1,483,614 1,148,904
ers and are largely composed of boys. In addition
to the above tonnage, culm washeries produced
2,917,725 tons, having a market value of
$2,148,171. The Susquehanna and Schuylkill furnish
77,624 tons of river dredged coal, with a
value of $71,321. These sums in the aggregate
make 61,052,796 tons. In addition to the above
at least 4,000,000 tons, estimated, are used for
steam purposes at the collieries.
The total number of net tons of bituminous
mined and sold during 1903 was 101,113,290. In
1904 the amount mined was 97,490,708 tons, or
3,622,582 net tons less bituminous mined than in
1903. 'ihis decreased tonnage represents a market
value of $3,658,807.82. The average price of
bituminous coal in 1903, following the strike year,
was $1.28 per net ton. In 1904 the average price
was $1.01.
One hundred and forty-five thousand eight hundred
and eighty people earned $78,857,502 in 1903,
working an average of 234 days; 146,330 people
earned $66,134,195 in 1904, working an average of
204 days. During the year 451 people more were
employed than in 1903, working an average of 30
days less during tne year, the wages earned were
$12,723,307 less than in 1904.

36
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
TEXT OF UMPIRE NEILL'S DECISION ON THE
GRIEVANCES OF PLYMOUTH COLLIERY
MINERS OVER PAY FOR LIFTING BOT­
TOM BONE.
The decision of Umpire Charles P. Neill of the
anthracite conciliation board in the miners' grievance
at Plymouth colliery of the Delaware & Hudson
Coal Co., over pay for lifting bottom bone, was
outlined in the last issue of THE COM. TRADE BUL­
LETIN. \ve believe tnat the text of this grievance
and the umpire's decision are of sufficient importance
to be given in lull. The Plymouth grievance
was as follows:
We, the miners employed in the split vein in
No. 5 colliery, in the town of Plymouth, owned
and operated hy the Delaware & Hudson Coal Co.,
submit for your consideration the following grievance,
namely, all employes were paid 50 cents
per yard for lifting bottom bone regardless of
thickness before and after the award of the anthracite
coal strike commission and until the
month of September, 1904, at which time we were
notified that the conipany would not in the future
pay for lifting none unless bone would exceed in
thickness eight inches. Our claim is that by this
system we have received a reduction contrary to
the award of the commission. After taking this
matter up with the officials of said company and
failing to have same adjusted we submit this our
grievance to your honorable board in order that
we may have our grievance adjusted.
The original grievance of the miners, presented
under date of March 3, is based upon these contentions:
First—That under the contract with the company
at the time of the award of the commission
they were to receive 50 cents per yard for lifting
bottom bone, irrespective of thickness.
Second—That while the bottom bone was thick
and the rate of 50 cents (or 55 cents) per yard
was to the disadvantage of the miner, the contract
price was adhered to.
Third—That when the bottom bone became
thin, and the price of 55 cents was to the advantage
of the miner, the company arbitrarily ordered
that nothing be paid for lifting bottom bone whenever
such bone was less than 8-10 of a foot in
thickness.
The umpire says:
During the hearings, the representatives of the
company admitted that a rule had been promulgated
fixing 8-10 of a foot as a minimum limit of
thickness below which no payment would be made
to the miner for lifting bottom bone, but the
action of the mine foreman promulgating this rule
was disavowed by the representatives of the company,
who stated that the fixing of 8 10 as a limit
was due to a misunderstanding on the part of
the foreman, and that the rule was no longer in
effect.
This would have disposed of the grievance had
it not been that in setting aside the rule fixing
a limit of thickness at 8-10 of a foot, the representatives
of the company stated their position to
be that when it was necessary to have bottom bone
lifted in order to gain height for the mine ear
or to provide for the proper grading of the roadbed,
the company would order the bone taken up
and would pay the rate of 55 cents per yard irrespective
of thickness; but that the company would
not pay for any bone lifted by the miner unless
it was ordered to be taken up by the mine foreman.
This position was not satisfactory to the miners.
Their representatives on the board contended that
it was frequently impossible for the miner to
avoid taking up the bottom bone; and that when
compelled by physical conditions to take up the
bone he was entitled to tne contract rate of 55
cents per yard, since the labor was just as onerous
when the work had not been specifically ordered
as it was when done in conformity with the orders
of the foreman.
The two parties to the controversy then joined
issue over this new contention and the grievance
reniained before the board of conciliation in this
new form.
The board of conciliation seems to have been
agreed as to the duty of the company under its
agreement with the miners to maintain the rate
of 55 cents per yard irrespective of thickness, but
the board could not agree over the question of the
payment of this rate regardless of whether or not
the bone was lifted by the order of the mine foreman.
The position of the representatives of the operators
on the board was that if the mine foreman
declined to order tne bone taken up, the miner
should not receive his 55 cents per yard, even
tnough he were unable to blast the coal without
lifting the bone along with it, or in other words,
that the miner was entitled to 55 cents per yard
for lifting bone only when the work was done by
order of the foreman; and it was emphasized that
any departure from this position would be demoralizing
to the discipline of the mines and
would practically amount to taking the control of
the business of the company out of its hands and
turning it over to the miners.
The position taKen by the representatives of the
miners was that so long as the miner actually
had to take up and handle the bone, the work entailed
on him by the lifting of the bone was just
the same whether the foreman of the company
did or did not order it taken up. They further
agree that where it was possible for the miner
to leave the bone down and escape the extra work,
he was entitled to no extra compensation if he
deliberately took it up.
In the judgment of the umpire, the position
taken by the miners' representatives is a fair one

and offered a oasis for just settlement of this
controversy—and one which, if carried out in good
faith on both sides would entirely remove the
friction that has arisen from this "give and take
agreement."
The contention of the operators' representatives
tnat to direct payment for bone lifted without
orders would lie tantamount to taking the control
of the business out of the hands of the superintendent
and turning it over to the miners, is not
warranted. There would be some basis for this
contention were it proposed for a moment that
the taking up or the leaving down of bottom
bone for which the payment was to lie made,
were left simply to the discretion of the miner;
but it has not been proposed at all to leave the
matter to the choice of the miner.
The proposition of the miners' representatives
simply recognizes the conditions fixed by nature.
Where there is a practical choice as to the taking
up or the leaving down of the bottom bone, it is
unquestionable that the say shall rest absolutely
and unqualifiedly with the representatives of the
company. When there ceases to be any choice,
when it is physically impossible to take up the
coal without at at the same time lifting and handling
the bottom bone, it is unfair to say that the
question of payment should depend upon the order
of the mine foreman. The miner had no choice
as to whether or not to do the extra work; and
to insist that he should be paid for work he cannot
avoid cannot be construed into an interference
with the right or the authority of the mine
foreman nor into the taking out of his hands of
the control of the affairs of the company; it
merely takes out of his hands the power to work
an injustice on the miner.
In the judgment of the umpire, the testimony
seems to establish the fact that the agreement
out of which this case has arisen was for a fixed
payment per yard for the lifting of bottom bone,
irrespective of its thickness. It is further established
that at times the bottom bone ran as high
as 2 feet 9 inches in thickness, and for a long
period, averaged from 22 to 24 inches; that at
times the men considered it a hardship on them
to receive only 55 cents and complained to the
foreman of the inadequacy of the rate; that no
readjustment of the rate was granted by the
company, and that the men continued at that rate
expecting a compensating advantage when the
bone should become thinner.
Under the agreement of a fixed rate for lifting
bottom bone "whether thick or thin," the men are
entitled to the given rate no matter how thin the
bone becomes, and the company has no right to
discontinue the rate liecause in its estimation that
rate has become absurdly high. in the present
case, the company is further bound to maintain
the contract rate on the principle of equity and
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
fairness; for it is established by the testimony
that for a considerable period the company had
the advantageous side of the bargain, and its
present disadvantage is merely restoring a compensating
equilibrium. It may be perfectly true
that the bottom bone has become so thin that
the rate of 55 cents is too high a rate as compared
to the allowances made in other collieries;
but on the other hand, by the testimony of the
mine foreman himself 55 cents per yard was a
meager allowance for the bottom bone when it
was only 12 or 1 -, inches in thickness, and it is
clear that at times, the bottom bone was considerably
more than double this thickness.
The decision of the umpire is that whenever the
miner cannot avoid taking up the bottom bone
along with the coal, he is entitled to the allowance
of 55 cents per yard for lifting this bone,
irrespective of its thickness and regardless of
whether or not the foreman had ordered the bone
taken up; but if the miner without orders lifts
bottom bone when it could have been left down,
he has no claim on the company for the 55 cents
per yard for said bone.
Washington, D. C, Oct. 18, 1905.
CHARLES P. NEILL.
LARGE CONTRACTS FOR
MONON. R. C. C. C& C. CO.
The St. Louis and Cincinnati gas companies
have awarded to the Monongahela River Consolidated
Coal & (Joke Co., Pittsburgh, contracts
amounting to 12,000,000 bushels, about half of
which will go to each. the St. Louis order is
to be filled in a year while the Cincinnati contract
has a life of two years. There was sharp
rivalry among river shipping competitors, new
Kentucky interests being keen to capture the
business. The gas concerns' experience with
Pittsburgh coal is said to have been a factor in
the award.
According to Anglo-Oriental Commerce for October,
the total number of coal mines in operation
in 1904 in India was 296 (256 in Bengal), compared
with 302 (279 in Bengal) in 1903. The
production in Bengal in 1904 was 8,216,706 tons.
The output has increased every year for the last
nineteen years, i. e., from 1,294,221 tons in 1885
to 8,216,706 tons in 1904. The exports from Calcutta
in 1904-5 amounted to 2,375,977 tons, about
three-fourths of this being loaded into coasting
vessels, and, including 770,589 tons of bunker coal
shipped for use on steamers engaged in the foreign
and coasting trade, 3,146,566 tons left the
port, or nearly 45 per cent, of the output of Bengal
collieries in 1904.

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Gunter Mountain Coal Co., Scottsboro, Ala.;
capital, $200,000; incorporators. .1. A. Cable. T. F.
Stubbs. G. S. Hardy, J. F. Perkins, W. P. Nash,
W. G. Claggett, E. H. Marshall, J. F. Spalding.
E. B. Blair. W. J. Edwards, A. F. Hogin. Stephen
B. Hunter, Roy W. Martin. V. J. Blow, George M.
Carpenter, C. P. Hardie, George S. Pflasterer, J. A.
Perkins.
Murray City Coal Co.. Columbus, O.; capital,
$25,000; incorporators. C. H. Boardman, H. G.
Biddlecomb, L. B. Biddlecomb, M. C. Foringer,
F. R. Rayburn.
Harris Smith Coal & Coke Co., Uniontown, Pa.;
capital, $10,000; incorporators, William R. Harris,
Pittsburg; Lloyd H. Smith, James R. Carothers,
Uniontown.
Ohio River & Western Coal Co., Woodsfield, O.;
capital, $100,000; S. L. Mooney, W. C. Mooney,
Frank L. Hambleton, F. L. Mooney, W. E. Malloy.
New Cedar Grove Coal & Brick Co., Cedar Grove.
W. Va.; capital. $25,000; incorporators, Leo Schaffer,
Henry Calderwood. Thomas Boyd, Henry Boyd.
Midland Coal Co.; capita., $750,000; incorporators,
Gustave B. Hengen, Chicago, 111.; William
L. Gordon, Morice K. Gordon, Madisonville, Ky.
Southern Tidewater Coal Co., Dover, Del.; capi­ Owens & Co., Larchmont, N. Y.; capital, $100,tal,
$2,500,000; incorporators, John Tevis. Louis­ 000; directors. Richard K. Owens. Larchmont:
ville, Ky.; M. F. McGehee, Thomas A. Taylor, Robert T. Hieston. Bernard S. Davis, New York.
Memphis, Tenn.; A. J. Campbell, Collierville,
Tenn.; D. T. Cameron, St. Louis. Developed lands
in Memphis, Tenn.
Seaboard Coal & Timber Co., Norfolk, W. Va.;
capital, $100,000; C. W. Tebault. Norfolk, president;
P. L. Grasty, Danville, secretary.
Paint Mountain Coal & Lumber Co., Fairmont,
W. Va.; capital. $50.00o; incorporators. A. C. Hawkins,
Morgantown; J. G. Floyd, J. E. Lemley,
Riversville; C. Kelly, J. H. Martin, J. P. Ashcraft,
Danville Belt Coal Co.. Danville, 111.: capital,
$300,000; incorporators, George T. Buckingham,
Walter V. Dysert, Charles Troup.
M. B. Bartlett, B. Hutchinson, Fairmont.
Western Fuel Co., Butte City. Mont.; capital,
$20,000; incorporators, W. S. Shields, Fred Cott,
Tennessee Land & Coal Co., Dover, Del.; capital,
W. S. Huff, Charles H. Lane.
$2,000,000; incorporators, J. E. Jones, Monterey,
Tenn.; S. E. Simms, Pontiac, 111.; C. A. Darby, Bouloer Coal Co.. Denver, Col.; capital, $20,000;
Wilmington, Del.
incorporators, Thomas
Bryan, Callie J. Pfusch.
R. McKee, Charles H.
Crescent Coal Co., Denver, Col.; capital, $250,-
000; incorporators, John McDonough, E. W. Redding,
G. N. Sparling.
Careyville Coal Co., Careyville, Tenn.; capital.
$50,000; incorporators. S. W. Lamerex, J. H. Bowling,
H. B. Lindsay.
Hocking Coal & Coke Co., Columbus, O.; capital.
Big Coal Co.. Charleston. \V. Va.; capital. $100.- $10,000; incorporators. J. F. Treadway, J. N. Ma­
000; incorporators, Russell G. Quarrier, M. C. lone, C. W. Drake.
Evans. S. P. Richmond, Ezekiel Schaefer, John
Wherle.
Duquoin Coal Co., Duquoin, 111.; capital, $2,000;
incorporators, H. C. Miller, Frank Horn, P. J. Con-
Chasta Coal Co., Knoxville, Tenn.; capital, $15,- aty.
000; incorporators, T. B. Cooley, Sr.. T. B. Cooley.
Jr., James F. Cooley, Samuel Brown, Alexander Star Coal Co.. Toledo. O.: capital, $40,000; incor
Allen.
porators, L. A. Levison, J. H. Jacobson. C. J. Long.
Leatherwood Consolidated Coal Co., Toledo, O.:
capital. $20,000; Charles Hartman, Frank L. Mulholland,
Robert V. Phillips, E. H. Horton, E. F.
Bore.
The coal operators of Arkansas formed a state
organization November 4 anu elected J. F. Finney
of Huntington, president, and H. W. Jackson of
Bessemer & Lake Erie Coal Mining Co., Roch­ Sparda, secretary. A proposed new wage scale
ester, N. Y.; capital, $300,000; incorporators, John was drafted. It will be presented for the con­
R. Graham, Charles W. Barker, William A. Donsideration of the operators of the state and Indian
nelly.
territory at a meeting to be held in South Mc­
Alester on November 17. For the first time in
Gloucester Coal Co., Gloucester, Mass.; capital, the histoid of the coal development in Arkansas.
$50,000; president, Robert E. Goodwin, Boston, Sparda and Russellville, the anthracite districts,
Mass.; treasurer, Charles T. Heberle, Gloucester,
Mass.
got together on the scale question.
in the state was represented.
Every mine

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
THE PULSE OF THE MARKETS.
The fortnight past has seen a temporary lull in
the upward market of both bituminous coal and
coke. There has been a further spurt in the anthracite
demand and operating officials predict
that this will be one of the most active winters
in the industry. The demand in the latter trade
is a natural one and practically independent of
the situation which will confront the trade the
first of next April. The lake movement of bituminous
is going forward with a rush in anticipation
of the close of lake navigation, December 5.
Some grades of coal whicli could not find place in
the laKe movement earlier in the season are now
going forward in volume. Aside from some dayto-day
fluctuations, the Pittsburgh product has
been selling around the prices quoted in our last
report. Spot Pittsburgh coal has been selling to
the trade at $1.20 for mine-run; $1.30 for :; 4-inch
and $1.40 for 1%-inch. Slack has been selling as
high as 85 cents. On heavy contracts the foregoing
prices have been shaded 10 cents the ton.
In eastern Ohio similar prices are prevailing,
whilst on other grades of Ohio coal and, strange
to say, that of the Indiana fields, still higher
prices have been secured. The car supply in the
Pittsburgh territory has only been about 40 per
cent, of requirements. the shortage is felt nearly
everywhere in the bituminous as well as the anthracite
producing fields. in the past fortnight
there has been a relatively better car supply for
the coke shippers and prices have only slightly
changed, being a trifle stronger.
Coke output from the Connellsville region has
been increasing by reason of a better car supply.
More ovens have been fired and the production and
shipments from the Connellsville and lower Connellsville
regions have been increased at about
4,000 tons the week. Connellsville production in
the week past was nearly 272,000 tons while the
Masontown field is producing at nearly a rate of
70,000 tons the week. The low-sulphur strictly
Connellsville coke is demanding $3.10 at ovens
for prompt shipment, and the asking price on
contracts for first half of the year delivery is at
the same figure although attractive business could
be placed at an even figure on the dollars. Offgrade
coke is selling at 75 cents and more under
the foregoing prices.
The demand for soft coal along the Atlantic
seaboard seems to increase, and shippers are unable
to keep up with orders. If it were not the
belief that a large proportion of present shipments
are going into stock for the winter, pro­
ducers would fear that the present supply would
not go around. Outside of the heavy regular
demand, last orders to ice-making ports are taking
large amounts of available coal. This activity
will naturally soon be suspended, with a consequent
relief to shippers. Car supply has not improved,
to the disappointment of producers, who
are prevented from sending forward as large an
output as they could. Present appearances seem
to indicate that no relief in car supply can be expected
this year. Prices for spot coal are strong;
anything that is black will sell for $2.50@$2.60
f. o. b. New York harbor shipping points, while
the ordinary steam grades secure around $2.70@
$2.75, and the better coals get prices ranging upward
from this. To a shipper having a cargo to
spare, the price is a question of special negotiation,
and it depends largely upon the needs of the
consumer. Trade in the far east is consuming a
large amount of coal, the demand largely exceeding
the supply. The Sound is calling for more
coal than can be supplied, shippers holding contracts
down to their monthly proportion. Boats
are scarce and rates are advancing. New York
harbor is short of coal at shipping points, and
boats are put in by consumers who are glad to
have them wait. All-rail trade is cut down as
much as possible, $1.50 at mines is being asked
for shipment, and orders are discouraged as much
as possible. In the coastwise market, small vessels
are scarce, but the large ones are in fair supply.
Rates are unchanged. At lower lake ports,
the demand for % coal is strong. Prices are
holding firm at $2.10 at dock. Lake Erie ports.
Lake rates have been booming, the demand for
tonnage for grain setting the pace. The market
is therefore strong, with shippers paying 65c. to
Lake Michigan, 60c. on hard coal from Buffalo to
Duluth and 40c. on bituminous coal from other
Lake Erie ports to the head of the lakes. In all
branches of the trade there is firmness in the west
and northwest with prices comparatively high.
The anthracite business maintains continued and
growing strength. Increased tonnage has been
absorbed readily. The shipping companies are
withdrawing tonnage from storage with a view
to supplying the demand which is urgent and
which cannot otherwise be supplied. Storage
stocks, notwithstanding the larger storage facilities
available last summer, are considerably less
than they were a year ago, and at the present rate
of withdrawal of this coal there will be practically
no anthracite in storage by the first of the
new year. A shortness has developed in some

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
quarters, and every producer disposes of his output
in short order. Trade in the New England
harbor points is exceedingly brisk, and the same
is true of all-rail trade. 1-rices remain at the old
level: $4.75 for broken and $5 for domestic sizes.
Steam sizes: $3 for pea; $2.25(g$2.50 for buckwheat:
$1.45@$1.50 for rice and $1.30(5$1.35 for
barley, f. o. b. New lork harbor shipping points.
The trade is good throughout Chicago territory
and improving. The nut and small egg sizes are
in greatest demand.
Hull, Blyth & Co., of London and Cardiff, report
all prices remain unaltered. The tone of the
market is not so steady for prompt tonnage. Best
Welsh steam coal. $3.30; seconds, $3.18: thirds.
$3.06; dry coals, $2.94; best Monmouthshire, $3.12;
seconds, $3.00; best small steam coal. $2.16; seconds,
$2.04; other sorts. $1.98.
enlarging his storage facilities by the erection of
new pockets which will have a capacity of 1,000
tons.
The Northwestern Washed Coal Co. has been
incorporated in Omaha. Neb., with a capital of $20,-
000. liy C. R. Wilson and others.
Thoroughman & Grover have succeeded to the
coal and feed business of Throughman & Paris, in
Yates Center. Kan.
The dealers of Kalamazoo, Mich., advanced the
price of the standard sizes of anthracite to $8 per
ton November 1.
Morton & Bridenstein have been succeeded in
Ihe coal business in Council Bluffs. Ia., by Bridenstein
& Smith.
101 RETAIL TRADE NOTES. pj
The Fernan Lake Ice & Fuel Co. has been incorporated,
with a capital stock of $5,000, at Coeur
d'Alene. Ida.
Buerstetta & McPherrin have been succeeded in
Georgia. North and South Carolina. Florida and Ihe coal business in Tecumseh, Neb., by J. E. Mc­
Alabama retailers met recently at the Piedmont Pherrin.
hotel, Atlanta, Ga.. and organized the Southeastern
Retail Coal Merchants' Association. Robert W.
Henry Schlichting has been succeeded in the
Graves, Rome, Ga., was elected president; A. G.
coal business in Yates Center. Kan., by F. H. Harder.
Gower, Greenville, S. C. first vice-president: T. M.
Weaver. Asheville, N. C, second vice-president;
W. F. Vanderver. Montgomery. Ala., third vicepresident:
W. F. Plane, Atlanta, Ga.. secretary and
Lester & Thompson have purchased the business
of the Blake-O'Kelly Coal Co., in Fort Smith, Ark.
treasurer. Board of directors: J. B. Campbell, The Badger Coal Co. has succeeded to the busi­
Atlanta, Ga.; A. C. Danner, Mobile, Ala.: W. J. ness of the Payne-Badger Coal Co., in El Paso, Tex.
Redmond, Macon, Ga.; H. V. R. Schrader, Greenville,
S. C. The constitution and by-laws of the
organization were drawn up at this meeting.
Peel Bros. & Co. have succeeded to the coal business
of .lamps S. Peet & Co., in Anamosa. Ia.
Wilbur W. Fisk nas purchased the coal business
The Metropolitan Coal uo., of Boston, has pur­
of Charles H. Walker, at Stoneham, Mass.
chased the business of J. A. Porter & Co., at Somerville,
Mass. The rorter firm was established in J. M. Duncan has purchased the business of the
1873 by J. A. Porter, and of late years had been Salida Fuel & Transfer Co.. in Salida. Colo.
carried on by his son, Charles W. Porter.
H. K. Small & Sons, fuel dealers of Riverside,
The Indianapolis Coal Exchange, which included Wash., have incorporated.
about two-thirds of the local dealers, has been
disbanded. Lack of interest and failure to pay
dues and support the organization generally are
George Garrison has engaged in the coal business
in Albia. Ia.
responsible for the dissolution thereof.
The Western Fuel Co. has sold out its business
H. G. Brayton has resigned as secretary of the in Butte, Mont.
Cleveland Coal Dealers' Protective Association and
will go into another line of business for himself.
C. A. Albright, of the Albright Coal Co.. has been
elected to succeed him.
John G. Burch. a dealer of Albany, N. Y., died
November 1.
Coal men of Kansas City. Mo., are finding the The statement of the receivers of the Mount
steam coal market very dull at this time. Slack Carmel Coal Co.. and other Devlin coal interests
is selling at 85c, and they cannot sell what they in Missouri, shows that the mines have averaged
wish at that price.
a net profit on coal production of $44,468 on a
total production of 363,814 tons during the three
W. B. Martin, a dealer of Rockville, Conn., is months of July, August and September.

Mr. Charles J. Devlin, the western operator and
banker, whose prostration by a stroke of paralysis
early in ine summer was a factor in the failure
of the First National Bank o£ TopeKa, Kan., and
a seiies of otlier failures that threw into bankruptcy
a large number of enterprises which he
had been managing or controlling, died at St.
Elizabeth's hospital in Chicago November I.
Death resulted from a third paralytic stroke.
Since his partial recovery from previous attacks
Mr. Devlin had been traveling in Europe with the
hope of restoring his health, and a stay of three
months there so much improved his condition as
to bring hope of ultimate recovery. Born in St.
Louis 52 years ago of poor Irish parentag?, he had
the innate force that so often characterizes the
Irish people and early showed strength of character
and purpose. Marly in his career he became
interested with a syndicate o£ coal men making-
large investments in l.a Salle and Bureau coun­
ties, and this syndicate laid out. the town of
Spring Valley, Mo. ln 1889 Mr. Devlin was made
manager of tne fuel properties of the Santa Fe
railroad system, and after the receivership ten
years ago ihe coal properties of the road were
leased to him. Then began his career as a coal
magnate. He moved his home to Topeka at this
time. His influence was felt during the strike
of 1897, when he succeeded iu securing a contract
from his miners, by which he was making money
fast while others were in great difficulties owing
to the strike and a spirit of lawlessness generally
was prevalent. He extended his business, buying
more coai mines and purchasing banks. His
business interests continued to expand till his re­
cent financial crash came.
Mr. George B. Hadesty. for the past several
years superintendent of the Honeybrook division
of the Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre Coal Co., has ten­
dered his resignation to accept a position with the
Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co. as superintendent
of the Pottsville division. Superintendent
Hadesty will have his headquarters in the
office of General Manager Richards, at Pottsville,
and for his assistants will have Thomas Downing
as inside superintendent and William Tiley as
outside superintendent, both practical men with
a varied experience. E. W. Newbaker, engineer
of the Honey Brook division, will succeed Mr.
Hadesty as superintendent of the Honey Brook
division.
Mr. William Dodds, for some years secretary
and treasurer of the Pittsburgh miners' organi­
zation, has been elected clerk of courts in Alle­
gheny county by a handsome majority. He re-
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. II
reived a large complimentary vote from the miners
of the county regardless of party. The mineis
of the Pittsburgh district have never had a secretary
who was near the equal of Mr. Dodds in
ability, thoroughness and steadfast loyalty lo their
interests.
Colonel VV. Reese Tipton, of Reed Island, Va.,
is dead, aged 01 years. For 15 years he was
superintendent of tlie Graham-Robeitson furnaces
ami mines and farms at Reed Island, and since the
organization of Ihe Virginia Iron, Coal & Coke Co.
absorbed this iiroperty he had been general manager
of that section for the Virginia Iron, Coal &
Coke Co.
Mr. T. W. Guthrie, formerly manager of tlie
Continental Coal Co., at Columbus, 0., has been
appointed as manager of the coal and coke inter­
ests of the Republic Iron k Steel Co. and will
make his headquarters in New Vork.
.Mr. John McFadyen, vice-president and general
manager of the Vandalia Coal Co., Indianapolis,
has been quite ill at his home in Pittsburgh. He is
recovering at this writing, November 13.
|| COAL TRADE CASUALTIES.
The coroner's jury which heard testimony as
to the cause of the gas explosion in the Hazel
Kirk mine, near Monongahela, Pa., on October 29,
when five men were killed, returned its verdict
November 9. The jury says that Supt. John
Hornickle, one of the men killed, failed to use
proper precautions in opening the mine. Mine
Inspector Louttil asked Plummer Thomas if he
had told Mr. Hornickle he would not go down
into the mine just before the second explosion and
if Mr. Hornickle had told him he would lose his
job if he did not. The witness said Mr. Hornickle
told him he, Thomas, would be out money if he
did not go down. Mine inspector Louttit read
a statement made by "Andy" Roder, the only one
of the six men who escaped and who was unable
to attend i.ie inquest. Roder explained the man­
ner of the explosion, but threw but little additional
light. Mr. Louttit also read a letter he
had written to Superintendent Hornickle warning
him of danger and ordering locked safety lamps in
the mine.
The Lehigh Coal Co.'s storage trestle on the
banks of the Oswego canal at Syracuse, N. Y.,
partially collapsed a few days ago and precipi­
tated several hundred tons of anthracite into the
water, blocking the canal so that it had to he
dredged out before traffic could be resumed.
The Utah Fuel Co., of Salt Lake City, Utah, has
sustained a considerable fire loss.

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
OCTOBER ANTHRACITE SHIPMENTS.
Shipments of anthracite coal for ten months
aggregate 50,593,504 tons against 47.305.310 for
the corresponding period of 1904. The output for
the balance of this year is likely to bring the
total to 60,000,000 tons or more, making the gross
production the greatest on record. The shipments
of the companies in tons for October were as fol­
lows:
Oct., 1905. Oct.. 1904.
Reading 1.106,916 1,154,609
Lehigh Valley 8.299,353 i,840,646
Central of New Jersey... 709,770 601,004
Lackawanna 707,701 868,226
Delaware & Hudson 4,727,074 4,363,538
Pennsylvania 424,248 414,884
Erie 491,272 402,655
Ontario & Western 245.310 220,236
Dela.. Susq. & Schuylkill. 134.020 138,455
Total 5,205,694 5,131,542
Hereafter the shipments of the Delaware, Susquehanna
& Schuylkill wnl properly belong to the
Lehigh Valley, as the Jersey Central might now
be included in the Reading's shipments. The
shipments from January 1 to October 31 were as
follows:
Philadelphia & Reading... 10,408,312 9.328.035
Lehigh Valley S,290,353 7,840,646
Jersey Central 0,579,344 5,989,910
Del., Lacka, & West 7,706,734 7.671,039
Delware & Hudsona 4.727,674 4,363,538
Penna. R. R 4.022,458 3,939.913
Erie 5,160,687 4,721,084
N. Y., Ont. & W 2,358.837 2,171,041
Del.. Susq. & S 1,330,105 1.279,604
Total 50.593.504 47,305,310
SOME LABOR NOTES.
Commissioner Charles P. Neill oi the conciliation
board has rendered his decision in the last
of the three grievances referred to him. He supports
the contention of the miners at the Centralia
colliery of the Lehigh Coal Co. against a
reduction in the price of yardage. Prior to 1904
they received $4 per yard. The award of the
anthracite coal strike commission increased this
minimum to $4.80 per yard, but in 1904 the company
reduced it to $3.80. It was the company's
contention from the very first day the reduction
was made that the coal strike commission merely
intended to establish a rate for a unit of labor
performed anu that when the change came in
such a way that the miners performed less labor
the company was entitled to reduce the established
rate.
The American Federation of Labor convention
is in session in Pittsburgh. It marks the 25th
anniversary of the organization, which was
launched in this city. President Gompers says,
discussing the meeting: "At no time in the his­
tory of organized effort among the wage-earners
has it been more essential to approach with care
and intelligel.ice the all-important subjects re­
quiring consideration and decisive action which
will present themselves to the delegates to the
Pittsburgh convention. Friends and foes alike
will watch with keen interest both the deliberations
and conclusions reached. Every opponent,
open and covert, will hope that some ill-advised
course will be pursued, some mistake made, which
may be turned to their own account and to the
disadvantage and discomfiture of labor, and they
will not be slow to manufacture adverse opinion.
distort the work and its results."
At a recent mass meeting at Linton, Ind., President
Mitchell of the miners is quoted as saying:
"So far as my advice can control the actions of
the miners there will never be another reduction
in wages. I realize that the conditions of the
market have an influence in wages, but I believe
that the operators are better off when they pay
higher wages. A determined resistance should
be made against any further reduction, and any
further attempt to force down the scale of wages
should be met with stern conditions. I am not
satisfied with the present conditions. I believe
the miners work too hard and run too many risks
for the money they receive."
In stipulating that the mines shall not be closed
for the employes to attend the funeral of any
worker, Pardee & Co., anthracite operators, have
agreed with their employes to participate in a
novel death benefit plan. The company will pay-
to the family of each mine worker killed or dying
as a result of a mine accident $50, and at the
same time each miner will pay $1 and each laborer
fifty cents. it is estimated that in this
manner about $500 will be raised for the aid of
each stricken family.
Announcement is made that the wages of the
union miners in Alabama will be advanced 2 1 /,
cents per ton. The maximum wage of 57y2 cents
a ton will be paid the coal miners from now.
Low Fare to California, Colorado, Mexico, and
Points South and West.
via Pennsylvania Lines. Quick train service
takes passengers from cold to warm climates in
a few hours. Further information cordially furnished
upon request addressed to nearest Pennsylvania
Lines ticket agent, or J. K. Dillon, District
Passenger Agent, 515 Park building, Pittsliurgh,
Pa.

fl CONSTRUCTION and DEVELOPMENT, ft
The Pawnee railroad, a nine-mile connection of
the Alton in Illinois, is to be extended 20 miles
eastward to Taylorville, Christian county, the
Peabody and Victor Coal Cos. being largely interested
in the enterprise. These companies have
secured the rights to lietween 35.000 and 40,000
acres of coal land along tne proposed extension,
acquiring it before tne project became known and
when the land because of its distance from a railroad
connection was inexpensive. The land acquired
embraced most of the property along the
20-mile extension for a width of several miles.
The coal seam to be developed is No. 5, which
lies to a depth of about 350 feet. At Taylorville
the railroad extension will obtain connection with
the Wabash and the B. & O. Southwestern.
The United States Coal & Oil Co., of Boston,
which owns and operates a large tract of coal
land at Holden, Logan county, West Virginia, has
commenced the construction of coal piers and
handling facilities at Huntington, W. Va., with
a view to transporting its coal over the Chesapeake
& Ohio railroad and to utilize the loading
plant now being constructed to dump into boats
for delivery to Ohio river points. A tipple with
3,000 tons capacity is now being erected at Huntington,
W. Va., while a considerable amount of
dredging will have to be done to make this part
of the river navigable.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. -13
E. W. Sawyer, superintendent of the Pittsburgh, There were 100 steel cars to be built for the
Binghamton & Western Railway, states that the London Metropolitan Railway when it was decided
work of grading and constructing the new line
io convert the system to electric power. The con­
will begin soon at three different points. One
tract for these cars was secured by the American
construction crew will work west from Canton to
Car & Foundry Co. under conditions demanding
Ansonia, Pa., where connection is to lie made
the highest possible speed of construction, and
with the Buffalo & Susquehanna; from Towanda,
this very fact called for the best of tools and most
Pa., two forces of men will be put at work, one
up-to-date manufacturing equipment. The work
working eastward and the other toward the west,
to be done called for a great number of pneumatic
while at Binghamton a fourth gang will work
tools; and since the contract covered only a short
westward. At Binghamton the P., B. & W. will
period, the plant installed was necessarily tem­
connect with the Delaware & Hudson. The Cenporary
in character. The order for the complete
tral Pennsylvania Coal Co., an auxiliary concern,
pneumatic equipment was placed with the Inger­
acquired a lease of nearly 7,000 acres of coal land
soll-Sergeant Drill Co.. of New York and London,
in Lycoming and Tioga counties several months
and the appliances furnished are of the company's
ago, and a branch will be built south from tht
standard types. The tool equipment proper in­
main survey of the P., B. & W. to tap that field.
cluded eighteen 8-inch and twenty-five 5-inch Haes-
Coal from the Goodyear mines, in Clearfield
eler riveting hammers, and sixteen No. 7 and
county, will be delivered to the new road at
twenty-four No. 12 Haeseler rotary drills—eighteen
Ansonia by the Buffalo & Susquehanna.
in all. The air compressors, four in number, are
of the builder's class ".IC" duplex two-stage machines
of balanced type, with a heavy inside flywheel,
solid sub-base, and semitangye frames.
At rated speeil of 150 R. P. M., each compressor
has a displacement of 526 cubic feet, giving a
total free air capacity to the plant of 2,104 cubic
feet per minute, which is delivered at a pressure
of 80 pounds.
W. H. Colburn will soon begin the building of a
railroad from Las Vegas, N. M.. to coal fields
owned by him near Mineral Hill.
The Denny-Renton Clay & Coal Co., of Seattle,
The Northwestern Peat Fuel Mfg. Co. will at
once begin work on its factory in Norwood, Minn.
We are in receipt of a notably handsome and
comprehensive booklet from the Austin Separator
Co., Detroit, Mid.., designed as catalogue 15. It
is an advance copy of the work, which we understand
to be now ready for distribution on appplication.
Described and exceptionally well illustrated
in this catalogue are an extensive line of
separators, including standard, receiver and accumulator
types for eliminating water from live
steam, extracting oil. grease and other impurities
from exhaust steam, and for removing oil, grit
and moisture from compressed air, gas, etc. The
subject matter in this catalogue is a complete exposition
of me theory and principles of construction
of the best types of separators. It
cannot fail to interest steam users and engineers
who seek greater efficiency and economy in the
operation of their plants. Two especially interesting
features are a special oil separator, put on
the market recently to meet requirements never
before fulfilled, and the company's new vacuum
oil separator.
Wash., is reconstructing its plant in Renton, at a
cost of $100,000.

14 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
INTERESTING PLANT FOR DEMONSTRATING
MINING METHODS AT BIRMINGHAM
UNIVERSITY.
'I he scientific department of the new and im-
porta'nt Birmingham University has in its power
station and in its machinery and metallurgical
buildings and plants its illustrations of mining-
methods in the form of shafts, tunneling and
mining ventilation systems, an equipment which
is perhaps as complete as that of the technical
department of any university in the world, writes
Consul Halstead of Birmingham, Eng. Certainly
those who were responsible for its installation had
seen and studied the outfits of the scientific departments
of the greatest universities of America
and the continent of Europe and had reasonably
ample means to carry out any plans they thought
necessary. My attention was called to the fact
that a plant of this kind has an availability for
service useful to a community in a way additional
to the primary purposes of affording facilities for
students, bv the offer which the professor of engineering
at Ihe university. Mr. F. W. Burstall,
was able to make to his colleagues at a meeting
of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, upon
which occasion he made the speech of the evening.
The professor was able to offer his fellow-engineers
tne plant of the university power station
ior certain experimental testing work. At the
meeting there had been a discussion on the advantages
and disadvantages of steam jackets, and regarding
the question of valve leakage in steam
engines, and the professor having dealt with these
two subjects from his standpoint, and having
recognized in fitting terms the merit and laborious
character of the work that had been done b.v the
research committee of the institute, expressed the
opinion that further engine-valve experiments
should be carried out to ascertain particularly the
qualities for such service of the various metals.
rie said there was ample opportunity for complete
experiments with steam engines at ihe Birmingham
University power station, and then told his
colleagues he would be pleased to place the plant
at the disposal of the research committee. If his
offer were accepted it would not only be using the
Iilant for useful scientific purposes, but as the
tests would probably not be hedged with any precautions
for secrecy, tlie most interested and energetic
of the students would nol only have the
opportunity of witnessing some of them, but would
also be able to get in touch with leading engineers
and cull an inspiration for good work.
Some manufacturers of machinery, engines, etc.,
took advantage of the advertising value of having
their articles used by coming engineers and in a
position where they could be seen by prospective
buyers, and presented the university with good
examples of their best work.
j*t PERTINENT PARAGRAPHS. ?•
The final steps in the acquisition of Coxe Bros.
& Co. by the Lehigh Valley railroad were accom­
plished November 1. A new board of directors,
composed of K. B. Thomas, T. T. Stotesbury, J. A.
Middleton, J. M. Schapperkotter and William H.
Sayre, was elected for the-Coxe corporation, and
the board immediately elected E. B. Thomas, president
of the Lehigh, to be president of the coal
company. New directors were also elected for
the Delaware, Susquehanna & Schuylkill railroad,
which tne Coxe company controlled, as follows:
E. B. Thomas, E. T. Stotesbury. J. A. Middleton,
J. M. Schapperkotter, William H. Sayre, W. G.
Alderson and E. A. Albright.
Consul-General Guenther, of Frankfort, Germany,
reports that the Russian minister of public communications
has issued an order permitting the
state railroads to import foreign coal. The Moscow-Kasan
railroad has already ordered about 130,-
000 tons of English coal. This new demand may
cause an advance in the price of English coal,
which supplies the coal stations at the ports of
South America, Australia. Asia, Africa and the
Mediterranean. Already Great Britain has put
an export duty on coal shipped from her home
ports to protect her industries, for which reason
it will have to be increased before many years have
passed.
The New Pittsburgh Coal Co.. Columbus, O., on
November 10 announced the following prices to
the trade, effective at once, for genuine thick-vein
Hocking coal. f. o. 1). mines per ton of 2,000
pounds: Domestic lump, $1.75; three-quarter-inch
screened lump, $1.65; run-of-mine. $1.50; domestic
nut. $1.25: pea, $1.00; nut, pea and slack, $1.00;
coarse slack, 75c. Coal in box cars, 10 cents per
ton additional.
Herman Justi, commissioner of the Illinois Coal
Operators' Association, has written Ohio operators,
asking them to be present at the conference
to be held in Chicago on November 22, and assures
them that there is no intention of changing the
status of the competitive district and that there
will be no discussion of the wage question. A
large proportion of Ohio interests will not be represented.
Winter Tourist Tickets to Colorado, California,
Mexico and Florida.
and points West and South now sold at special
low fares via Pennsylvania Lines. Information
about routes, stop-overs and travel conveniences
freely given upon request addressed to nearest
Pennsylvania Lines ticket agent, or J. K. Dillon,
District Passenger Agent, 515 Park building, Pittsburgh,
Pa.

(CONTINUED PBOM PACE 29).
want to win in the contest by an exposition of the
trutn, if possible, or by sophistry if necessary.
To argue, in this instance, will do no good, because
it will not help the situation. To reason
about it will help the situation and it will help
him who reasons. If the statement be correct,
then it is infinitely better to admit it and try to
remedy it than to deny it and seek to gloss it over
by adroit argument. Far better give this statement
the benefit of a doubt than assume its falsity
and refuse to lend a hand in correcting it. The
statement may be absolutely true and honest
labor leaders may even go so far as to admit that
it is the truth, and the truth mildly told. The
question, therefore, arises: How can the conditions
complained of be remedied? Is it possible
to do it by moral suasion? Is it possible to do
it by mere argument? We believe that the situation
can be improved, but do not believe that the
evils complained of can be corrected so long as
only one party to the agreement has the advantages
either for good or for evil that tlie United
Mine Workers of America enjoy at the present
time. In making this declaration it is not with
organized labor. It is not with the idea of chargorganized
labor., It is not with the idea of charging
them with being worse than the representatives
of capital or of the employer class. It is
only fair to say—because it is absolutely true—
that if the situation were reversed conditions
would be just as bad unless the other side were
restrained by considerations of self-interest. Selfishness
of human nature must not be overlooked
or ignored. In animates alike the rich and the
poor, the high and the low, the man who labors
and the man who directs labor. What, then, is
the remedy? There is but one remedy and we
need not go far to seek it. It is to make both
parties to the system of joint agreements as
nearly as can be equally strong. A strong organization
on the one side must be brought face
to face with a strong organization on the other
side, and when this has been acomplished neither
side will dare take any short cuts or unscrupulous
advantage in order to secure benefits to which they
are not entitled, because the other side will not
permit it. If it is industrial peace that the
American people desire then it is not a question
of union or non-union, a question of joint agreements
or a question of refusing to do business
through a third party, but it is merely a question
of being strong enough to exact and to maintain
your rights. It needs no prophet's eye to see
what capital will do ten years hence, for it will
organize as labor has organized unless by waiting
ten years it has waited too long. The time to
organize, the time to provide the machinery with
which serious industrial conflicts are to be averted,
if nation-wide calamity is not to result, is the
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 15
present. Conservative men are too slow in adopting
what is necessary, and unfortunately too many
of them can only be convinced by waiting till taey
have suffered from evi.s which are the result of
their indifference—and indifference is only another
name for conservatism.
If the employer class will organize, and organize
along the right lines, with a sincere desire
and a firm determination to be just, and to deal
with labor as it should deal with labor, and as
labor has a right to expect, then such an organization
of the employer class, however powerful,
will do lalior no harm, but, on the contrary, will
be its greatest, if not its only protection; for if
it has only its strong union to defend it has back
of it that agent only which, unchecked, may be
the very cause of organized labor's undoing.
These things bear directly on the conference of
bituminous coal mine operators which will be
caded to order at the Auditorium Hotel at ten
o'clock a. m., November 22. and will be an event
of interest to the bituminous eoal industry
throughout the land.
O'GARA COAL CO. OF CHICAGO.
Seventeen companies, operating 25 bituminous
coal mines in Illinois, Indiana, Ohio and West
Virginia, have been consolidated under the name
of the O'Gara Coal Co. of Chicago with a capitalizauon
of $6,000,000. ihe consolidation was
brought about through the efforts of T. J. O'Gara,
who was chosen president. James E. Ward of
Chicago is the secretary, and Walter B. Kerr
of New York is the treasurer. The companies
consolidated have a daily output of over 25,000
tons, and are as follows: Eldorado Coal & Coke
Co., Diamond Coal Co., Harrisburg Mining & Coal
Co., the New Coal Co., Clifton Coal Co., Morris
Coal Co., Egyptian Coal Co., and the Carriers'
Mills Coal Co., all in Saline county, Illinois; the
Green Ridge Mining Co., the Jefferson Mining
Co., and the Big Muddy Mining Co., in the Springfield,
111., district; the Lincoln Coal & Mining Co.,
the Vivian Coal Mining Co., the Summit Mining
Co., the Staunton Mining Co., all in Indiana; the
Imperial Mining Co. of Cambridge, O., and the
O'Gara Coal Mining Co. of Fairmont, W. Va.
With the commencement of business by this company
the well known firm of O'Gara. King & Co.,
passes out as an active factor in Chicago's coal
business, all its interests having been taken over
by the O'Gara Coal Co.
Wheeling $1.50 Sunday Excursions.
Pennsylvania Lines—Two Trains.
Wheeling Sunday Special leaves Pittsburgh
Union Station 7:0u A. M., Central time; parlor
car train 8:20 A. M. Excursion tickets good on
both.

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
THE COAL FIELDS OF KENTUCKY.
At the Kentucky State Development convention
held recently at Louisville, Ky., Hywel Davies, of
Kensee, contributed a paper on the coal fields of
Kentucky and their possibilities. Being an ex­
pert operator. Mr. Davies' paper was one of the
most valuable submitted to the convention. It is
reproduced in full and is as follows:
The subject delegated to me to try to hold your
attention for a few minutes is a rather warm one
when put to its proper use. but as "heat is life and
cold is death," so the subject of this paper is the
life of the industrial world. It is the genie that
responds to the world's Aladdin by setting the
wheels of commerce in a whirl, transports its
master and materializes his imagination in a
most Aladdin-like manner. The ancients dreamed,
built air castles and allowed their imaginations
to run riot. In our childhood we, too, reveled in
these Arabian Nights and wondered if they were
possible; but as we grew lo manhood we realized
that the dreams of the past ages were but aspirations
of individual yearnings for fulfillment in
order that they may yoke the world.
The time for materialization was not for them,
and would not be until the power craved would
be general, not individual; beneficial, not selfish;
inspiring, not degrading. At the right time, like
Aladdin, the miner dug up the earth and opened
channels that led to a lamp thai has not yet
lighted the world, but furnishes the very sinews
of power that molds, shapes, materializes the desires
and even the imaginations of our age; not
of one man in one country, as in Aladdin's case,
but of an untold number of men in every country
where coal is being developed and worked.
Archimedes prayed for a fulcrum so that he
could move the world when he had mastered the
principles of mechanics. He only dreamed, but
in coal the fulcrum is found whereby the steam
boiler is to-day not only moving the world, but
turning it upside down and making it anew, so
far as man's comfort is concerned. Civilization
is generally measured by the comforts which the
people enjoy, and that country is considered most
civilized that more generally enjoys the comforts
of life. In other words, where wealth is more
generally distributed among its people. This
principle is easily demonstrated by taking a world
view.
First and foremost come most naturally our preeminent
selves, with Great Britain, Germany,
France, Holland and Belgium in quick succession.
To have comforts means to have employment,
and mechanical employment implies power which
is generated by the consumption of coal in 85 per
cent, of the cases. Hence we find the most successful
states and countries are coal producers and
coal users.
Coal gave Great Britain the mastery of the
world's markets and its carrying trade, until Germany
and the United States entered the field effectively
in the last quarter of the Nineteenth cen­
tury, when the development of German and Ameri­
can coals warmed these two countries into a neck
to neck race with John Bull for commercial supremacy.
Starting in 1875 the coal-producing race stood
as follows—(read table in million tons):
1875. 1885. 1895. 1899. 1904.
Great Britain... 150 178 212 246 260
United States.. . . 60 111 193 253 352
Germany 53 81 114 149 186
You will notice our gradual encroachment as
coal producers on the first place.
In every race the question is asked: Will the
leader hold his place? That depends on his build,
his reserve force and his driver or rider.
In this international race there is no question
about our build and our reserve force in comparison
with our competitors. As for the "driver
or rider" are we not the salt of the earth and the
elect of God? But let us prove it.
First—There are in a sense three worlds. The
old, Asiatic: the modern, European; the new.
American.
The old, or the untrained Asiatic, is in a sort of
a lethaigic sleep, but shows some sign of waking
up to its tremendous possibilities.
The modern European has had things much its
own way during the greatest part of the Nine-
Leenth century, but is showing some signs of
fatigue from being overworked, and underfed;
and because the stable is too full.
The new American is awake to his possibilities;
is well groomed; well fed and well stabled. Besides,
the breed is being continually improved by
importation of the very best that the old and
modern can spare, and because it is inspired by
the hope that translates itself into the faith that
works wonders in the optimistic atmosphere of
America.
Look at the American sandwiched between
Europe and Asia. His very presence is an inspiration
to arouse the other two worlds to their
best efforts. But he gradually forges ahead in
what the whole world is now recognizing to be
an unequal race for commercial supremacy in the
Twentieth century. But will we hold our place?
Let us examine our reserve force. Power is
generated by the pressure of the wind, falling
water or expansion of water by the combustion of
fuel, which is generally coal. Therefore, the
country that maintains the best and longest race
is the one mat is best supplied with water and
coal.
Eliminating water as almost equal in America,
Great Britain and Germany per square mile.

Great Britain contains 5,500 square miles of
coal fields, of which fully one-third have been exhausted
during the last century, and they will
cease to export during the first half of this century.
Germany, 1,300 square miles, of which one-half
have been exhausted, and the remaining half will
be largely gone before we reach the half century
mark.
United States, 336,913 square miles. If we
allow 10.000 tons of coal per acre or 6,400,000 tons
per square mile, we have the incomprehensible
original coal supply of 2,156.243,200,000 tons
against Great Britain's original 35,200,000,000 tons
and that of Germany, 8,320,000.000. Surely with
fifty times the reserve fuel force of Great Britain
and Germany combined, there should be no question
of maintaining our supremacy.
Japan is limited to only 5,000 square miles, but
when we see the marvelous industries of Great
Britain and Germany with only 7,000 square miles
between them and recognize the wonderful systematic
methods of the Japanese in the late war,
we will no doubt get another object lesson that
we must not despise the people nor the day of
small things.
China is supposed to have upward of 200,000
square miles of coal with some signs of appreciation,
but for the Twentieth century at least the
race is ours if for no other virtue than the tremendous
lead we are taking in the first quarter.
Looking back to the finding of coal and development
of same in America, we find that, although
Father Hennepin, a Jesuit missionary, recorded
a "coal mine" on the Illinois river, near the site
of the present city of Ottawa, in the state of
Illinois, in 1694, some Virginia mines were opened
up as early as 1750, and one Lewis Evans discovered
coal in Ohio in 1750. Anthracite coal
(so-called) was discovered in Rhode Island in
1760, and the Pennsylvania anthracites were found
near the present city of Wilkes-Barre in 1762.
Very little bituminous or anthracite was produced
until the year 1814, when we find that Pennsylvania
produced twenty-two tons of antnraeite. The
first record of production for Virginia was 1822.
while our own state of Kentucky was the third
in the beginning of mining coal, when we find
that in the year 1828 five flat-bottom boats were
loaded at some point on the Cumberland river for
Nashville, Tenn., and from that day to this we
have had to market about one-half of our coal
outside of the state because we have failed to develop
our own in order to consume our coal production.
From 1829 to 1835 the present available
information indicates that the production of the
state ranged from 2.000 to 6.000 tons per annum.
By 1840 the total had increased to 23.527. In
1860 .t was 285,750; 1880 it was close to 1.000.000
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
tons; 1890. 2,670,000 ions: 1900, 5.330,000 tons, and
in 1904 we have 7,566,482 tons to our credit. Although
we started third in the race, we barely
hold the seventh place in production to-day.
In Prof. Norwood's report for 1902 we find the
following data, which 1 have briefly summarized:
Kentucky has an area of 41,283 square miles and
119 counties; 15,680 square miles are underlaid
with coal in fifty-three counties; workable beds
are found in fifty one counties, with mining operations
in twenty-four; thirteen in the eastern and
eleven in Ihe western fields; Kentucky is supposed
to contain larger areas of workable high-grade
coals than those of any other state.
Coking coal is worked in not less than ten counties
in the eastern field. In eight of them as
high-grade coking coal is found as is known in
this country. The most notable is the Elkhorn
seam found in Pike. Letcher, Floyd, Knott and
Harlan counties. The coal produces coke containing
92 to 94 per cent, fixed carbon, 0 per cent.
of ash. less than 1 per cent, of sulphur, and compares
favorably with the best Connellsville coke,
which is the standard of this country.
Pineville coke is also one of the best in the
country, and is used for iron-making and copper
smelting. The Ashland furnaces are supplied
from coke made in Boyd county.
The coking coals of Western Kentucky are found
in seven counties, but under present practices
they cannot be used successfully in competition
with the standard coking coals of tne country in
iron furnaces on account of the high percentage
of sulphur, but are all right for domestic use and
for certain manufacturing and smelting purposes.
They are largely used at present in lead smelting
and for domestic purposes.
Cannel coal of superior quality is found in six
teen or seventeen counties in the eastern fields,
and some of them will compare with the best
Scotch cannels for gas-making and domestic use.
Some cannel coal is found in the western fields,
but it is pockety in character. The most noted
was the celebrated Breckenridge cannel field near
Hawesville, now practically exhausted.
The bituminous domestic coals along the Knoxville
division of the Louisville & Nashville railroad
in Whitley county—the Cumberland Valley
division in Bell, and the R.. N.. I. & B. in the
j^ateyville district will compare favorably with
any in the country. The well known Jellico coals
to-day find a market in more states than any other
bituminous domestic coals. They meet successfully
all comers as well as overcoming heavy
freight differentials from Chicago to the Gulf and
from the Mississippi to the Atlantic.
The high-class, free-burning coals are confined
to only a few southeastern counties, while every
one of the twenty-four counties now producing

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
coal furnishes steam coals of a quality that bars
the importation of any other coal within their
boundaries. Freight rates do not always limit
the market for coke, cannel and high-class domestic
coals, as in the case of steam coal. That
state leads in coal prouuction that furnishes a
ready home marKet for its steam coal, which is
generally the screenings from the domestic or
lump grades of coal, hence the ease with which
Pennsylvania, Illinois. West Virginia, Ohio. Ala­
bama and Indiana keep in the lead in the rotation
named over Kentucky, although Kentucky led
them all for years as to date of commencement
of operations. Besides Kentucky compares very
well indeed in coal areas with these leaders, ac­
cording to the United States geological report:
Pennsylvania contains 15,SOO square miles of
bituminous coal.
Pennsylvania contains 484 square miles anthra­
cite coal.
Illinois contains 42.900 square miles of bitu­
minous coal.
West Virginia contains 17.280 square miles of
bituminous coal.
Ohio contains 12,000 square miles of bituminous
coal.
Alabama contains 8,500 square miles of bitu­
minous coal.
Indiana contains 9.300 square miles of bitu­
minous coal.
Kentucky contains 16.10O square miles of bituminous
coal.
Tnus we are third in area among the leading
bituminous coal producing states, and eliminating
anthracite easily first in the variety, quality and
quantity of high-class domestic, cannels and coking
coals. Still, on account of the lack of home in­
dustries, we are only seventh in production, as
fully 40 per cent, of our output must be marketed
out of the state, where we meet competition in
every direction, because Kentucky is enveloped
with coal states. If it were not for the superior
quality of our coals we would to-day be much
lower in the coal ranks than we are.
We have in Kentucky, as already said, fifty-three
counties underlaid with 16,100 square miles of
coal, and if it is fair to assume that the available
coal will average ten feet thick, as there are generally
two or more workable seams, we have the
incredible tonnage of 16,000x640x10.000 equals
103.040.000,000 tons or enough to supply the world
for 100 years, the United States for 325 years, or
our own state for 12,000 years at the present rate
of consumption.
i To in; COXTIN I EII ).
(CONTINUED PROM PAGE 29).
case at once to the mine boss, who shall examine
the place and settle the question at once, and
should the miner and mine boss be unable to
agree, the miner shall report his case to the mine
conimittee.
8. Any man signing the check-off slip and
again taking his name off the said slip, his name
shall be given to the mine committee by the company
officials. Also a check-list with the name
of those paying and the amount paid by each
man shall be given io the committee.
9. Bank committees have the right and privi­
lege to canvass the mines for the purpose of soliciting
names for the check-on.
When the bank committee desire to canvass the
mines to solicit men to sign the check-list, they
shall consult the superintendent, and if he insists
on a third man to make the canvass the bank
committee and superintendent to agree on the
third party who shall represent the company.
10. Where proof can be given that any man or
men is getting miners to load coal for them one
or more cars per day or week, upon proof being
furnished, the guilty party or parties shall lie
discharged.
11. No mine boss or superintendent shall in
any manner interfere with officers, or organizers.
in the discharge of their duties, in trying to get
the men organized in a lawful and peaceful manner.
This agreement to apply to all the operations
of the Rochester & Pittsliurgh Coal & Iron Co..
and the Jefferson & Clearfield Coal & Iron Co..
including Ernest, Iselin and Yatesboro operations.
12. It is agreed that motor men who have
served an apprenticeship of 60 (sixty) days, and
found competent, shall be paid the minimum scale
price $2.36, and be advanced to the maximum
price, as they show they are competent to handle
the motor and take care of the same.
New men given the opportunity to learn to
handle the motor shall be paid the same wages he
received at his old job for the 60 days, when they
shall be advanced to the $2.36 basis.
When new motor men are found incompetent to
handle the motor within the 60 days, they may
be removed and given their old job at the old rate
of wages.
In the article by Mr. J. L. Dixon, mining engineer
of the Ingersoll-Rand Co., Pittsburgh, descriptive
of the new mining plant at Iselin, Pa.,
and appearing in the November 1 issue of THE
COAL TRADE BULLETIN,, it should have been stated
that the mining machines installed included a
large number of the Sullivan Machinery Co.. Chicago.

INCREASE OF MINE INSPECTORS
IN ANTHRACITE FIELDS.
In his new report. James E. Roderick, chief of
the department of mines of Pennsylvania, says
relative to the increase of anthracite inspectors:
"I may state, to commence, that the law providing-
an increase in the number of anthracite
inspectors from fifteen to twenty becomes effective
January 1, 1906. The law gives the chief of department
of mines the power to rearrange the districts
and assign inspectors for each. I gave this
matter close study during the past months, as it
was a difficult problem to make an equitable division
of the work among the inspectors. After rearranging
the districts to my own satisfaction I
made a tour of the anthracite counties, meeting
the inspectors of Luzerne county in Wilkes-Barre
October 2, the inspectors of Lackawanna county
in Scranton October 3, the inspectors of Schuylkill,
Columbia and Northumberland in Pottsville
October 6. To each group of inspectors I submitted
my rearrangement of the districts, and I
am pleased to say that my division gave entire
satisfaction.
"The districts and inspectors, counties and head­
quarters are as follows:
"First district—P. J. Moore, Carbondale, Lackawanna.
"Second district—L. M. Evans, Scranton, Lackawanna.
"Third district,—H. 0. Prytherch, Scranton,
Lackawanna.
"Fourth district—D. T. Williams, Scranton,
Lackawanna.
"Fifth district—*Johns©sr Scranton, Lackawanna.
"Sixth district—Hugh JffafDonald, Pittston, Luzerne.
"Seventh district—P. M. Boyle. Kingston, Luzerne.
"Eighth district—James Martin, Wilkes-Barre,
Luzerne.
"Ninth district—D. T. Davis, Plymouth, Luzerne.
"Tenth district—*Walsh, Nanticoke, Luzerne.
"Eleventh district—D. J. Roderick, Hazleton,
Luzerne.
"Twelfth district—P. C. Fenton. Mahanoy City.
Schuylkill.
"Thirteenth district—A. B. Lamb, Shenandoah,
Schuylkill.
"Fourteenth district—J. O. Donnell, Centralia,
Schuylkill.
"Fifteenth district—B. I. Evans. Mt. Carmel,
Schuylkill.
"Sixteenth district—M. McLaughlin, Shamokin,
Northumberland.
"Seventeenth district—Isaac Davies, Lansford,
Carbon.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
"Eighteenth district—John Curran, Pottsville,
Schuylkill.
"Nineteenth district—M. J. Brennan, Pottsville,
Schuylkill.
"Twentieth district—C. J. Price, Lykens, Dauphin.
"*New inspectors not in service.
"To make an equitable division of work among
the inspectors it became necessary to ignore county
lines entirely, so the Lackawanna inspectors have
in addition to that county the counties of Wayne,
Susquehanna, Sullivan and a part of the southeastern
section of Luzerne."
THE END OF THE BREAKER BOY.
Delaware & Hudson Co.'s officers believe they
have successfully solved the breaker-boy problem
by the use of niechanicai slate-pickers, installed
in the companies of the Black Diamond colliery in
Wilkes-Barre, which started work recently. Instead
of three hundred breaker boys which a
breaker of its capacity requires, only twelve boys
are used, spiral slate-pickers taking the place of
others. They worked satisfactorily. The company
will probably place similar pickers in its
other collieries and in time they may do away
with the 24,000 breaker boys now employed
throughout the region.
St. Louis to City of Mexico.
Commencing December 15th, the Iron Mountain
Route will inaugurate Semi-Weekly Limited Train
Service between St. Louis and the City of Mexico.
The trains will leave St. Louis at 11:00 A. M.
every Tuesday and Friday, running over the Iron
Mountain Route to Texarkana, the Texas & Pacific
and International & Great Northern R. R. through
San Antonio to Laredo, thence over the National
Lines to the City of Mexico. This service is
scheduled for fifty-five hours, the equipment being
new, and including an Observation Parlor Car, a
Compartment Sleeping Car, a Dining Car, and a
Composite Car, with all the comforts and luxuries
of modern travel.
Until the powder companies agree to make a
compromise, the anthracite miners will destroy
all of the empty powder tins. This is in accordance
with a resolution adopted at the Keg Fund
convention recently held at Pittston. The resolutiojn
contained a recommendation that after
November 1 all empty tins be destroyed unless the
powder conipany pays more than eight cents
apiece. The miners, until a few months ago,
received ten cents apiece for the powder tins.

50
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
L C O K E AND THE BY-PRODUCTS.
By T. J. EASTER,
President of the Pittsburgh Fuel & Iron Co. t
(CONTINUED FROM NOVEMBER 1).
Primary products recovered from coke, are
gas, ammonia and tar. A portion of the gas only
being needed for heating the ovens, the surplus
can be converted into illuminating gas or used for
power in gas engines in coal like Connellsville,
with 29 per cent, to 30 per cent, volatile, there
are S.000 to 9,000 cubic feet of gas to the ton. On
this basis, the 36 million tons of coal coked in
the United States last year would have produced
more than 280 billion cubic feet of gas, if all byproduct
ovens had been employed. Allowing onehalf
of the production for consumption in the
oven, we have about 140 billion, or about onehalf
the annual natural gas production during the
height of that excitement. On account of the
small percentage of retort coke ovens in use, however,
there was probably not over 5 billion cubic
feet of gas saved out of the 140 billion available.
Ammonia is recovered from the gas by "scrubbing,"
that is, the gas after being cooled is passed
through machines in which it is violently agitated
with water which absorbs it. This ammoniacal
liquor is further concentrated to desired strength.
The ammonia water used for domestic purposes.
is one illustration. In some cases the ammonia
liquor is passed through stills where distillation
takes place and the ammonia driven off, passing
through vats of commercial sulphuric acid, forms
sulphate, which is very largely used for fertilizing
purposes. An important use for ammonia is in
refrigerating factories and in the manufacture of
artificial ice. The evaporation of ammonia leaves
an intense cold, this being the prinpiple of operation.
Ammonia, i. e.. sulphate, is the most valuable
of the by-products of coke making in retort
ovens, it having a market value of $10 to $20 per
ton. The yield of this by-product from each ton
of coal is about twenty pounds, or a total yield of
360,000 tons for the 36,000,000 tons of coal coked
in the United States last year, which would have
made from $3,600,000 to $7,200,000 worth of ammonia,
had all the ovens been of the retort pattern,
and speaking about scrubbing, what could
not our "white-wings" do with that much ammonia
water in cleaning the streets of Pittsburgh?
When the gases leave the ovens, as before explained,
they pass through long mains or pipes to
the condensing house. From the moment the gas
leaves the ovens, condensation takes place, this
increasing, the nearer to atmospheric temperature
it becomes. The final traces of tar being recovered
in its passage through the various apparatus
in the condensing house. This condensate all
flows into one common settling tank, where the
ammoniacal liquor, by force of gravity, comes to
the surface, and the tar being heavier sinks to
the bottom. The tar is principally used in the
manufacture of roofing paper, and in some cases H
used for the recovery of many highly scientific
articles, usually classified under one common heading
of
COAL TAI; PRODUCTS.
One of these products is saccharine, which,
roughly, is two to three hundred times sweeter
than sugar, and is regarded as quite a boon medicinally.
Several headache powders are manufactured
from the tar, one of them a particularly
good one, inasmuch as it has not harmful effects
on the heart (antipyrene, I believe). And while
we are touching on these coal tar products, how
many realize that the rich aniline dyes are
manufactured from one of these by-products, called
benzol, which is extracted from the tar. There
are several thousand of these by-products known
to science, a greater part of which are not yet
classified. In fact, the number of compounds
that can be formed from these by-products is
indefinite and affords simply a perfect field for
chemical research.
Tar yield is about 60 to 100 pounds, or nine to
ten gallons to a ton of coal, coked, and its value
is about $5 per ton.
In their primary state, the combined by-products
of coke have a value of over $1 for each ton of
coal coked. Upon that basis, over $36,000,000
could have been reclaimed in by-products from the
coal coked in this country last year, if all byproduct
ovens had been used.
The retort or by-product system of coke making,
however, has a tendency to shift the coke
industry to the manufacturing centres, or points
of consumption instead of where coal is mined;
where the gas does not come in competition with
the natural product and where skilled labor insists
upon living.
The rate of freight is also cheaper on coal,
which contains about twenty-seven bushels as
compared with about fifty-two bushels in a ton
of coke. Of the 83,499 ovens used in the United
States in 1904, only about 2,910, however, were
retort or by-product ovens, although the year
previous, but 1,956 were making by-product coke.
Of the 4,430 new ovens building last season, 18
per cent, were of the retort pattern, showing a
growing interest in that method of manufacture.
Much can be said in favor of the
RETORT SYSTEM OF COKE MAKING
as obtaining the greatest profit from the carbonization
of coal, and there is good authority to show
that the latest devices of foreign design are making
coke which is now being used as a substitute
for the bee-hive coke, such as is made in the Connellsville
region of this state, the most efficient

coke heretofore known for all purposes.
Circumstances, however, will often defeat a
thing of great merit, and it would not be a wild
statement to make, that in 1892. when the retort
oven was introduced in this country by the building
of twelve ovens at Syracuse, N. Y., if the
44,000 bee-hive ovens then in use could have been
replaced by the present pattern of by-product
retort oven, and no more bee-hive ovens constructed,
a large sum of money could have been
realized from what has otherwise gone up in
smoke, with no particular advantage to anyone,
or in other words, assuming that $1 is a fair estimate
of the value of by-products in a ton of coal
coked, we can figure that about 350 million dollars
have gone up in smoke from bee-hive ovens
since 1892.
This theory is good reasoning from the coke
and iron maker's standpoint, only providing the
retort coke would have done the same work in a
blast Itirnace as the bee-hive product, using the
same coal, and I will not try to discuss that at
this time. It is safe to say, however, that the
principle of retort ovens will sooner or later be
adopted generally, as it has been in the old world.
It has not been popular in this country for many
reasons, and one is that while a bee-hive plant,
of say 40 ovens, with all of the operating accessories
would cost $40,000, the retort device, with
same number of ovens, would cost $350,000; about
nine times as much; the additional expense being
necessary for the elaborate chemical apparatus to
be used in the distillation of the byproducts, requiring
the most skillful labor, and so much more
of it. The idea was also probably passed for
the reason that coal, such as the best Connellsville,
in early days, was apparently of no great
value for anything except coke, and did not represent
much money for that purpose. At that
time an acre of coal with vein seven to nine feet
thick, making 9,000 to 12,000 tons, would mean
only from one to two cents per ton of 2,000 pounds,
based upon $150 to $200 per acre for the coal in
the ground. Now it is worth ten times that
amount, and is an item to be considered seriously.
Another thing has probably defeated the retort
oven in past years, and that is the disposition of
the products to an advantage, other than coke,
especially the surplus gas, which should be used
locally. To be able to
REALIZE PROPERLY FROM THE SALE
of the by-products, means that the coke from a
retort oven costs less than any other device, notwithstanding
the investment is the greatest, as is
also the labor necessary-
It means that the retort oven must find a location
among factories or industries to use its
surplus power or gas. To place tne retort ovens
where our coal mines and bee-hive ovens now
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
are, and ship the product in the same manner, has
not been practical, nor would it be to-day, hence,
in my opinion, the retort or scientific and economic
devices for the manufacture of coke belong
at the other end of the road wliere the byproducts
are used, and the coal shipped insted of
the coke, or the foreigner's way, with apologies
to our German brothers, whom we have always
accused of getting things turned around or the
other end to, but it seems they are right in this
case.
You can see that railroads and transportation
companies do not enthuse over shipping coal ins.ead
of coke from the coal fields, as the railroad
tariff rates upon coke are much more than that
of coal, sometimes double, based, I presume, upon
the increased value of coke and the greater bulk,
although the same car which carries the coal has
only to be supplemented with side boards or racks,
and it carries the same weight of coke without
any auaitional expense whatever, and to charge an
additional rate is one of the inconsistent privi
leges enjoyed by the much abused railroads.
Those of us who are obliged to live in the city,
would no doubt prefer to have coke works confined
to the interior, instead of proximity to our homes,
unless the smoke consuming pattern was used,
and it seems that it should be so, when we consider
that coal was first coked by nature herself.
ANTHRACITE WAS ONCE A BITUMINOUS
coal, and its present state is really a coke product
by nature, the excess volatile matter and other
original chemical constituents having been expelled
by the forces of nature during the earth's
chaotic period. The coal is much freer from
volatile matter than ordinary coke, and it contains
more carbon, but these advantages are overbalanced
by its density, which is caused by the
great pressure to which it was subjected while
in its semi-plastic condition. The porosity of
the artificial coke is much preferred. Another
instance of natural coke is near Richmond, W. Va.
A natural coke interstratified with slate, sandstone,
fire clay and coal. The coke is nearly uniform
in character, and is heavier than common
coke; versicular in texture and a dull black color.
The volatile is almost wholly wanting, and the
coke does not differ in its properties and appearance
from many artificial varieties. Twenty feet
above the coke, the agent which effected the
change, and also altered the beds of fire clay and
slate, is seen in the layer of trap rock, fifteen to
thirty feet thick, baked and hardened by the
action of the trap.
President T. T. Boswell of the Merchants Coal
Co., Baltimore, denies that the property is to be
sold. J. D. Hughes of Windber. Pa., has become
general manager, succeeding James Stirrat.

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
SUGGESTIONS FROM THE EXPERIENCE OF
AN EX-PRIVATE MINE INSPECTOR—PRE­
PARATIONS, PUMPS, TIMBERING, AND
COAL MINING. *
(CONTINUED FROM NOVEMBER 1).
There is no determined line of procedure
laid down before the mine foremen when given
charge of an operation. The requirements of the
office as regards coal are generally imparted to
him in a vague and indefinite manner because he
is a mine foreman and it is a coal mine. He is
supposed to know, even though he has not previously
been within a hundred miles of it. He
is dropped into the middle of things and is compelled
to work both ways to find what is required
of him and the possibilities of the place. The
superintendent has very probably not been in the
mine more than once a month.
Start the foreman out right, give him a target
to shoot at, something well defined, upon which
he can concentrate his whole mind and effort.
Impress him with your ideas of handling men, of
the necessity of being sober, honest, civil, steady
and energetic, etc. Then continue somewhat in
this manner: "After careful experimenting we
have demonstrated that our tipple can take care
of 600 pit wagons of coal, say 9t>0 tons of run-ofmine
in a day of 8 hours, the screening of which
is done satisfactorily. Now, we also have proven
that each room, when at the regulation width and
mined as it should, yields 14 cars of coal, therefore,
practically the product of 50 rooms is required
for each day's run. Now you must not
lose sight of the fact that this is a machine mine
and that only half of your available places are
supposed to be giving coal when the mine is working
steadily and of course that is what we are
presupposing. The cutters are preparing coal in
50 more for the following day's needs. This
means 100 machine rooms but on account of many
spaces, etc.. in that territory always maintain an
excess of 25 per cent, which makes a total of 125
rooms you will be expected to have at all times.
As we expect to mine 70 per cent, of all coal by
machine, losing 10 per cent, of the total, there
remains 20 per cent, as pick work, or 120 pit
wagons per day, as we excavate a space practically
equal to a room each 8 hours, and as the
average of a single shift entry is about 5 feet,
it will necessitate the driving of 4 pairs of butt
entries besides the main, for some time to come,
be sure and have a generous amount of butt entry
ahead. The demand for coal may some time
justify a night turn, independent territory for
it is a great boon both to men and management
precluding the possibility of the innumerable
causes of complaint, loading each other's coal.
stealing powder, oil and squibs, failing to do
their space of posting, slate cleaning, etc., and.
furthermore, our main entries may develop some
serious trouble such as a swamp, a aislocating
fault, etc., which will take time to overcome, your
extra developed territory will act as a flywheel,
it will put us over this dead point without feeling
its effect on our output and help us to foot the
bill. You will need say 100 to 120 loaders, and
about 40 pick men, 12 drivers, 14 to 16 mules,
and ultimately about 250 to 275 cars; don't depend
on your entry or ribs for any portion of the
output, take only the machine rooms into consideration,
this will give you a healthy margin to
tide you over holidays, Hungarian weddings,
shortage of cutters, broken machines, etc.; you
will need for the maximum quantity—machines
(number depending upon whether they are electric
or compressed air). Hire men with the understanding
that when called upon they will drive,
work coinpany work or anything else in reason,
so that temporary gaps can be filled at once. At
present we are only shipping 250 tons per day and
the proportion of men, etc., to the final output is
holding good. See that the machinery is well
taken care of. that the mules are not abused;
that a fair turn be kept, boiler and engine rooms
neat and clean and the mines, yards and surroundings
in keeping with the best practice.
"I expect and must have without fail a daily
report of the mine operation, amounts of rooms.
ribs and entries, etc. As quickly as possible obtain
the development desired; in the meantime as
the necessity arises for machines, mules, etc.,
send in your requisitions for same, giving us sufficient
time to look around so as to purchase to the
best advantage."
Now he understands pretty thoroughly what is
required of him and no effort or time will be lost;
he sets himself straight for the mark "and goes
for it." Every report he makes out is finding
him nearer the. goal, how satisfying the thought
that his superiors and he understand each other
and are striving hand in hand as it were. Neglect
of the above matter has slain the energy and
ability of many a promising mine foreman and
made a careless, spiritless, nonentity out of him.
This policy was pursued in the cases specified by
the chief official, producing the results desired
in the shortest time possible.
Another subject has been observed by the mine
inspector. The general superintendent who is
extremely wide-awake and ever on the qui vive
for "the little leaks" that contain within them­
*This article, which has attraoted much attention, was written selves the elements of "sinking big ships," says
by Mr. Charlton Dixon, Superintendent of the Fair Haven mines
of the Pittsburgh Coal Co. We cannot supply back numbers.
that some of our mines have an excess of com-

m
PA
O
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
##
REMBRANDT PEALE, PRESIDENT. JNO. W. PEALE, GEN-L MANAGER.
< «<
J. H. LUMLEY, TREASURER.
No. 1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N. Y.
W. S. WALLACE, SECRETARY.
NORTH AMERICAN BUILDING,
^
AN ^AGIIE
AND
PHILADELPHIA, PENNA.
OAXu »>
^
''*fl** AAAJ -* J
K&KERR. 1
>
E. E. WALLING, GEN-L SALES AGENT. |§fc
%
©
w

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
pany men. Not having the time to devote personally
he does for the inspector what the latter
would like to see done for the mine foremen, he
supplies the main ideas and outlines in a general
way the line of proceaure. At nearly all the
mines specialized, men were employed in performing
day work that was only very remotely connected
if at all with a plan of development. The
men quite conversant with this feature were executing
it in a perfunctory manner. Various reasons
were alleged for their employment, some
meritorious, some were excuses so that certain
people could be accommodated. The most prolific
cause was the retention of a force which had
been engaged to perform some specialty, as installing
machinery, making side tracks, etc., after
completion. Lack of manly courage on the part
of mine foremen and superintendents to inform
the men at the proper time, is chargeable with
this state of affairs. In many cases men had
been impressed with the idea they were to be engaged
permanently as company men, the superintendent
and foreman taking great pains to have
that impression obtain until the work was done.
Then feeling they have perpetrated an injustice.
they are unable to muster the necessary moral
courage to offer them loading or digging. Thus
the wrong is perpetrated, the company paying the
premium.
At one of the mines a daily expense of $25 was
being borne, the inevitable result of the above
cause. Wishing to obliterate this suddenly, the
superintendent was invited to visit headquarters,
the damaging list was presented to his inspection,
natnrally his indignation was aroused and he
ostentatiously declared that no man living was
able to reduce his current expenses 25 cents much
less $25. In a quiet, incisive manner he was
told to return, avail himself of the foreman's
assistance in the matter, and to advise soon what
could be done toward a reduction of the cost. In
a few days the list came with an added 50 cents,
making the total reduction $25.50. If superintendents
would carefully scrutinize the list of day
men periodically with jealous care, questioning
the why and wherefore of every addition thereto,
such cases as the above could not possibly occur.
Superintendents should be so conversant with
their mines as to take the hiring of day men at
least, into their own hands. Where they are not
so familiar as this it is with considerable apprehension
of exposing their ignorance they approach
the mine foreman concerning the hiring of a new
hand. They would rather have the company
shell out than suffer humiliation even when
brought upon themselves by their own non-progressiveness.
Cases could be cited where tlie superintendent
only visits the interior work when i..e inspector
swoops down upon him, at intervals of months.
This is as unfair to tne mine foreman as it is
dishonest to the company. The indiviuual capable
of performing his whole duty knowing thit
no critical eye is upon him, or, doing it and not
expectant of a word of encouragement is a rare
bird. The superintendent himself performs his
duty none the worse for a little praise. There are
several other points of practical management that
might be profitably discussed and tnat could be
gleaned from the same source.
MIDLAND COAL CO. PLANS IN KENTUCKY.
The Midland Coal Co., of Chicago, incorporated
in Delaware, and capitalized at $750,u00, has an
important development project for Kentucky fields.
The company has purchased the Oregon & Kentucky
Coal Co.. which owned 590 acres of coal
at Earles, Ky., between Central City and Madisonville;
has acquired additional coal of 5,000 acres
in the Muhlenberg county field. It is planned to
open four drift mines, each having a capacity of
500 tons daily. This coal will be prepared in two
tipples, each having a capacity of 1,000 tons annually.
The Midland Coal Co. also owns the
Kentucky Midland railroad which is building a
line 30 miles in length from Central City to
Madisonville, Ky.
Low Round Trip Fares West and Southwest.
Special Home-Seekers' Excursions via Pennsylvania
Lines.
Any one may take advantage of the reduced
round trip fares for the special Home-Seekers'
excursions via Pennsylvania Lines, to visit points
in Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Minnesota. Missouri,
Montana, Nebraska, the Dakotas. Oregon, Washington.
Texas and other sections in the West and
in all states of the South.
Stop-over privileges permit travelers to investigate
business openings. These tickets will be
on sale on certain dates until and including December
19. Detailed information as to fares.
through time, etc., will be furnished upon application
to Local Ticket Agent of the Pennsylvania
Lines, or J. K. Dillon. District Passenger Agent.
515 Park building, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Articles of incorporation have been issued to
the Paint Mountain Coal & Lumber Co.. of Fairmont,
W. Va., for the purpose of operating coal
mines, etc. The company is capitalized at $50,-
000, and was incorporated by A. C. Hawkins, of
Morgantown; J. C. Floyd and j. E. Lemley. of
Rivesville; C. Kelly, J. H. Martin, J. P. Ashcraft.
M. B. Bartlett and B. Hutchinson, of Fairmont,

It is interesting to note that West Virginia was
the one important coal producing state whose output
was greater in 1904 than in 1903. The total
for 1903 was 29,337,241 tons and for 1904 32,602,-
819—a gain of 3,265,578 tons, or 11.1 per cent.
West Virginia stands third in the list of soft coal
states, Illinois second and Pennsylvania first.
Pennsylvania's bituminous output in 1904 was 97,-
952,267 tons—a decrease from 1903 of 5,164,911
tons or nearly 5 per cent. Illinois produced last
year 36.475,060 tons—a loss compared with 1903
of 482,044 tons, or 1,3 per cent. West Virginia's
gain emphasizes the solid development of the coal
industry which has set in in that commonwealth.
Nearly 70 per cent, of its area—or 17.280 out of a
total of 24,780 square miles—is included in the coal
fields of the Appalachian system, and it is plainly
destined to lead in coal production in the near
future.
Wheeling and Return $1.50.
Pennsylvania Lines Every Sunday.
Special Train Going and Returning.
Leaves Pittsburgh Union Station 7:00 A. M., Central
time. Excursion tickets also sold for parlor
car train leaving Union Station 8:20 A. M.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
WW00%0m " V» •—
Thanksgiving Fares.
Excursions from all TiCKet Stations on
Pennsylvania Lines.
Excursion tickets will be sold at all ticket stations
on Pennsylvania Lines November 291 h and
30th to any station not more than 150 miles from
selling point. Tickets good returning until December
4th. For particulars consult Local Ticket
Agent of Pennsylvania Lines.
FOR SALE—Cheap.
One 2-stage 26x30 Norwalk Compressor.
Five 2-stage 20x22x24 Norwalk Compressors.
Two 2-stage 22x24 Straight Line Compressors.
One 18x30 Rand Compressor.
One 18x20x24 Laidlaw-Dunn-Gordon Compressor.
One 10x10x16 Kenney & Co. Compressor.
One 20x22x24 Ingersoll-Sergeant Compressor.
One Small Hall Compressor.
One Small Norwalk Compressor.
Address PITTSBURGH COAL CO.,
F. E. Now, Purchasing Agent.
Pittsburgh, Pa.
LAYING IN HER LUHRIG GOAL.
2^-INCH DOUBLE-SCREENED LUMP.
BURNS TO A WHITE ASH.
MINED ONLY BY
THE LUHRIG COAL CO.
LONG DISTANCE PHONE
MAIN 3094.
FOURTH AND PLUM STREETS,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
©lb Colony Coal & Coke Co.
Ike^stone Butlbing, flMttsburgb, pa.
ligonier %\m Coal
(ifiounfceville (Bas Coal
Conndlsvilk Cofee.
_. ( Xtgonter, f>a., p. 1R. IR.
flDtnes = = * * ^ flDoun&sville, TO. Da., 35. & ©. 1R. 1R.
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
FAMOUj
TT
SOUTH FORK, "* A R G Y L E " PENNSYLVANIA.
SMOKELESS
O A
SMOKELESS
C rs A V
Atlantic Crushed Coke Co. j
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
LATROBE STEAM COAL
CONNELLSVILLE
FURNACE pni/r
FOUNDRY l.ll K H
I»I»I»II>I»U
CRUSHED WUI1LI
f— GENERAL OFFICES: - - - - GREENSBURG, PA.
*\
I ! Jin Advertisement in The Coal Trade Bulletin Brings Results. j j

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
^^ITTMTTTTTT?TT?TTTTTTTf?1TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTfTTTTMTTTTTMTTTfTMTTTTTTTTTTTTTTfTTTTTTTTffTTTITTTfTTTTfT!IT1TTTTTTTTTTTTfTTTtTTITTTTTTTTfTTTTTT1TTTfTTTTTTfTMTTTTTfTfTTTTTTT
= GEORGE /. WHITNEY. PRESIDENT. A. C. KNOX. TREASURER. |
HOSTETTER CONNELLSVILLE COKE COMPANY
»i
HIGHEST GRADE
CONNELLSVILLE COKE
FURNACE AND FOUNDRY ORDERS SOLICITED
FricK Building,
PITTSBURGH, PA.
BELL TELEPHONE. 696 COURT.
APPOLLO COAL CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
APOLLO HIGH GRADE STEAM COAL
AND
JOHNSTOWN MILLER VEIN
COAL.
GENERAL OFFICES: . . . GREENSBURG, PA.
PURITAN COAL MINING CO.,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
PURITAN AND CRESCENT
BITUMINOUS COALS.
STINKMAN COAL MINING COMPANY,
SOUTH FORK COALS.
26 South 15th Street,
PHILADELPHIA.
No. 1 Broadway,
NEW YORK.

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
J. P. MJRPHY, President. W. L. DIXON, Vice-President and General Manager. JAS. J. FLANNERY, Treasurer.
MEADOW LANDS COAL CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
PITTSBURGH COAL.
Mines at Meadow Lands,
On the Panhandle Railway.
DAILY CAPACITY 1,000 TONS.
GENERAL OFFICES:
Farmers Bank Bldg., 5th Ave. & Wood St.,
PITTSBURGH, PA.
United Coal Company
*• of Pittsburdh-Penna *
MINES ON MONONGAHELA RIVER, SECOND POOL; PITTSBURGH & LAKE ERIE
RAILROAD; BALTIMORE & OHIO RAILROAD AND PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD.
General Offices:
BanR For Savings Building,
New York Office . PITTSBURGH, PA. Philadelphia Office :
Whitehall Building. Pennsylvania Building.
Westmoreland Gas Coal
Youghio-gheayGas &SteamCoal

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CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF Pll