Training Guide in Surface Weather Observations - Multiple Choices

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5. When a balloon is used for determining vertical visibility in a surface-based obscuration, the value shall be the height at which the balloon completely disappears. c. Convective Cloud Height Diagram. Use this diagram only to estimate the height of cumulus clouds formed in the vicinity of your station. It is not used at stations in mountainous or hilly terrain, or to determine the height of other than cumulus clouds. This diagram is more accurate when used to determine the height of cloud bases below 5,000 feet. Obtain the estimated height of a cloud base above the point of observation as follows: 1. Locate the point of intersection of the vertical line corresponding to the observed dewpoint temperature, and the sloping line corresponding to the observed dry-bulb temperature. 2. From the point of intersection move horizontally to the height scale printed in feet on the right side of the chart. This value is a good estimation of the height of the cloud base. d. Pilot Report. A cloud base or ceiling height reported by a pilot (converted from height above mean sea level to height above surface) may be used in determining cloud heights. e. Known Heights. The known heights of unobscured portions of natural landmarks or objects (buildings, towers, etc.) in contact with the cloud base or ceiling layer may be used in determining cloud and ceiling heights. f. Experience. Cloud and ceiling heights may be determined on the basis of an observers observational experience. 5.4 Maintenance of Cloud Height Equipment Determining cloud and ceiling heights are an important part of the weather observation. The cloud height equipment your station uses to aid you in making this determination needs to be maintained at a proper operating level. The following maintenance checks will help you to do this. a. Ceiling Light 1. Daily Checks. At least once each day, turn on the lamp. If it is shut off by a timer, determine if it is operational. During daylight hours, the operation of the lamp can be observed from the office if a metal reflector is placed at the top edge of the cover. Replace the lamp if it is determined to be defective. 2. Weekly Checks. Clean the outside of the cover glass with water and detergent once each week or more often if the local conditions require it. 3. Monthly Checks. Clean the mirror and the inside of the cover glass using water and detergent. Wipe both surfaces completely dry using a soft lint-free cloth. CAUTION -The concentrated rays of the sun can burn the skin or injure the eyes of personnel and may damage equipment. Therefore, if direct rays of the sun reach the mirror, take precautions to shade the projector. If the projector has drainage holes in the mirror or housing, clean the holes to ensure adequate drainage and ventilation. With the light turned off, inspect its condition and if the envelope has darkened appreciably, replace it. 5-20
. Clinometer Once each month, check the clinometer as follows: 1. Examine the scale graduation and clean the scale if necessary. 2. Test the action of the clutch and indicator for normal operation. When unlocked, the indicator should react freely to elevation angle changes of 1 or 2 degrees. If it does not, a drop of SAE 10 oil on the bearings may improve the action. When the clutch is locked, ordinary vibrations or light shocks should not disturb the indicator. 3. Examine the cross wires for proper alignment. 5-21
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Training Guide in Surface Weather O
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PREFACE METAR/SPECI is the internat
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CHAPTER 7 - PRESSURE ..............
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1.2 Content and Format of the Manua
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1.6 Report Modifier - COR An observ
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1-6
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12. A METAR observation contains se
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25. At no time shall an observation
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2.1.4 Estimated Winds Though winds
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2-4
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Code the following wind situations
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19. Which of the following wind par
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3.1 Visibility 1 CHAPTER 3 VISIBILI
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3.2.3 Surface and Tower Visibility
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SUR- FACE VISIBILITY PRESENT WEATHE
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3.3 Visibility Chart As an aid for
Page 34 and 35: OUTLINE DETERMINING VISIBILITY From
Page 36 and 37: REVIEW QUESTIONS Select the best an
Page 38 and 39: 11. 12. At the time of observation,
Page 40 and 41: 23. Weather conditions being equal,
Page 42 and 43: 38. Visibility of 2 3/8 miles is re
Page 44 and 45: When more than one type of present
Page 46 and 47: 4.1.2 Descriptors Descriptors are q
Page 48 and 49: Obscurations that stand alone, i.e.
Page 50 and 51: Question: What does an observer do
Page 52 and 53: Footnotes for Weather Phenomena Mat
Page 54 and 55: 9. +FZRA a. Severe freezing rain b.
Page 56 and 57: 23. Volcanic ash is reported: a. wh
Page 58 and 59: 37. Match the following present wea
Page 60 and 61: 46. Which of the following precipit
Page 62 and 63: 59. Steady rain is observed 4 miles
Page 64 and 65: 72. Rain showers of an unknown inte
Page 66 and 67: 5.2 Sky Cover Figure 5-2. Weather O
Page 68 and 69: Example 5-2. One Layer with Single
Page 70 and 71: Figure 5-4. Advancing Layer (sky co
Page 72 and 73: 5-8
Page 74 and 75: Figure 5-10. Surface-base Layer Sur
Page 76 and 77: Example 5-5. Four Layers. The follo
Page 78 and 79: Example 5-8. One Layer. Example 5-9
Page 80 and 81: 1 CU - Cumulus 1 Example 5-12. Mult
Page 82 and 83: layer aloft will be considered as m
Page 86 and 87: OUTLINE DETERMINING SKY COVER AMOUN
Page 88 and 89: Select the correct answer. REVIEW Q
Page 90 and 91: 20. If a layer aloft has less than
Page 92 and 93: 40. Match the following reportable
Page 94 and 95: 6.1 Temperature and Dew Point - T
Page 96 and 97: 6. Obtain the difference between th
Page 98 and 99: Other examples of determining wet-b
Page 100 and 101: The conversion from ice to water ca
Page 102 and 103: a. Read right end of index in minim
Page 104 and 105: Figure 6-8. Reading a Thermometer t
Page 106 and 107: TIME G LST G UTC (2) TEMP. (°C) DE
Page 108 and 109: Method II: Centrifugal Force A shor
Page 110 and 111: INSTRUCTIONS: Select the best answe
Page 112 and 113: 16. Under what conditions is the de
Page 114 and 115: 6-21 +130 129 128 127 126 +125 124
Page 116 and 117: 6-23
Page 118 and 119: The altimeter setting shall be repo
Page 120 and 121: 7-4
Page 122 and 123: 7. Sea-level pressure is an adjustm
Page 124 and 125: 2. Additive Data [NA SAWRS] 3- and
Page 126 and 127: 8.2.2.2 24-Hour Precipitation Amoun
Page 128 and 129: When finished, put the emptied meas
Page 130 and 131: 8.3.3.1 Depth of New Snow (Snowfall
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10. A thunderstorm is overhead, mov
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26. A 6-hourly maximum temperature
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CHAPTER 9 REVIEW EXERCISES OBSERVIN
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Exercise #3 Lower layer has ____/8t
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Exercise #5 Surface based layer has
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Exercise #7 Total sky coverage is _
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Exercise #9 Lower layer has ____/8t
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Exercise #11 Total sky coverage is
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QUALITY CONTROL EXERCISE Each of th
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21. METAR KKKK 282045Z E29006KT 7SM
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42. METAR KFFF 302250Z 03008KT 40SM
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16. a. METAR 17. b. second 18. d. f
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11. - a change in wind direction of
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...unfocused lights of moderate int
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22. b precipitation occurring not a
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52. b. decreasing dominance. 53. b.
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24. 8 VV 25. 8 OVC 26. 7 BKN 27. as
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A-14
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A-16
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A-18
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18. 1200 UTC or other time modified
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9. Lower layer has 1 /8ths coverage
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16. METAR KFFF 312148Z 36005KT 1 1/
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43. METAR KGGG 052145Z 05009KT 4SM
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WET BULB TEMPERATURES 31 32 33 34 3
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WS Form B-11 (12-96) Pres. by WSOH
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C-3
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. If an altimeter setting indicator
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Training Guide in Surface Weather Observations - Multiple Choices

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