Training Guide in Surface Weather Observations - Multiple Choices

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Table of Contents PREFACE ...................................................................... i CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL ...................................................... 1-1 Content and Format of the Manual METAR/SPECI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 Type of Report - METAR/SPECI............................................... 1-2 Station Identifier - CCCC ..................................................... 1-3 Date/Time Group - YYGGggZ................................................. 1-3 Report Modifier - COR....................................................... 1-4 Delayed Reports ............................................................ 1-4 Differences Between Transmitted Coded Report and MF1M-10 Entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 Various Observational Programs ............................................... 1-4 REVIEW QUESTIONS ...................................................... 1-7 CHAPTER 2 - WIND .......................................................... 2-1 Wind Group - dddff(f)Gfmf m(f m)KT ............................................. 2-1 Variable Wind Direction - dddVddd n n n x x x ......................................... 2-2 Wind Shifts ............................................................... 2-2 REVIEW QUESTIONS ...................................................... 2-5 CHAPTER 3 - VISIBILITY ..................................................... 3-1 Prevailing Visibility ......................................................... 3-1 Visibility Chart ............................................................. 3-7 Runway Visual Range........................................................ 3-8 REVIEW QUESTIONS ..................................................... 3-11 CHAPTER 4 - PRESENT WEATHER ............................................ 4-1 Coding of Present Weather Group(s) ............................................ 4-7 REVIEW QUESTIONS ..................................................... 4-11 CHAPTER 5 - SKY CONDITION ................................................ 5-1 Sky Cover ................................................................. 5-2 Cloud and Ceiling Heights ................................................... 5-15 Maintenance of Cloud Height Equipment ....................................... 5-19 REVIEW QUESTIONS ..................................................... 5-23 CHAPTER 6 - TEMPERATURE AND DEW POINT ................................ 6-1 Difference Between Coded Report and MF1M-10 Entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 Reporting Temperature and Dew Point .......................................... 6-1 The Psychrometer ........................................................... 6-2 Computing the Dew Point .................................................... 6-4 Obtaining Temperatures from Hygrothermometers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7 Liquid-In-Glass Minimum and Maximum Thermometers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8 Correcting Thermometer Errors ............................................... 6-14 Maximum/Minimum Temperature System (MMTS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15 REVIEW QUESTIONS ..................................................... 6-17 iii Page
Page 1 and 2: Training Guide in Surface Weather O
Page 3: PREFACE METAR/SPECI is the internat
Page 7 and 8: 1 CHAPTER 1 GENERAL This chapter in
Page 9 and 10: There are two categories of criteri
Page 11 and 12: TYPE M/S TIME G LST G UTC DIREC- TI
Page 13 and 14: REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. What are the de
Page 15 and 16: 18. The ICAO identifier uses letter
Page 17 and 18: 2.1 Wind Group - dddff(f)Gfmf m(f m
Page 19 and 20: DIRECTION: OUTLINE DETERMINATION OF
Page 21 and 22: REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. How should each
Page 23 and 24: 12. Wind shifts are reported: a. in
Page 25 and 26: 25. A variable wind direction and a
Page 27 and 28: 5 = 90° 2 = 90° 3* = 90° 7/8* =
Page 29 and 30: SUR- FACE Figure 3-6. Surface Visib
Page 31 and 32: SUR- FACE Figure 3-9. Surface Visib
Page 33 and 34: 3.4 Runway Visual Range - RDRD R/VR
Page 35 and 36: 3-10
Page 37 and 38: Code the correct visibility group f
Page 39 and 40: 16. Prevailing visibility is report
Page 41 and 42: 32. The RVR for runway 06 left is n
Page 43 and 44: 4.1 Present Weather - w’w’ CHAP
Page 45 and 46: Any type of precipitation, of any i
Page 47 and 48: does not mean that showers do not o
Page 49 and 50: If any type of fog, including mist,
Page 51 and 52: Weather Phenomena Matrix WX PHENOME
Page 53 and 54: 1. The intensity indicators for rai
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17. BLPY a. Blowing spray b. Blowin
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34. Precipitation is: a. any partic
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40. For each of the following, indi
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53. A complex weather situation, re
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66. The observer reports IC in colu
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5.1 Sky Condition CHAPTER 5 SKY CON
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Figure 5-3. Multiple Layers vs. Sin
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If there are no layers, the sky con
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Figure 5-6. Advancing Cloud Layer (
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If the surrounding layer reaches an
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Figure 5-11. Use of Ceiling Light t
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After determining the sky cover and
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Example 5-10. Two Layers. Example 5
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Clouds are grouped into three famil
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Figure 5-13. Measured Cloud Height.
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. Clinometer Once each month, check
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5-23
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9. Fog is obscuring five-eighths of
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32. The sky is completely obscured
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46. If an observing station is so l
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Though the reading would be rounded
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6.5 Computing the Dew Point After y
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Figure 6-3. Psychrometric Calculato
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2. If the hygrothermometer is not w
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6.7.3 Reading and Setting the Minim
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5. Lock the thermometer in its supp
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6.8 Correcting Thermometer Errors S
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g. Press and hold the “MAX” and
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7. If using Fahrenheit thermometers
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°F .0 °C .1 °C .2 °C .3 °C .4
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6-22 +30 29 28 27 26 +25 24 23 22 2
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7.1 Altimeter Setting - APHPHPHPH C
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7.4 Difference Between Coded Report
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1. Altimeter setting is recorded in
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8.1 Remarks CHAPTER 8 REMARKS Remar
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phenomenon causing the obscuration,
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. Invert the overflow can and force
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f. Enter a note on the chart identi
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“VC” when used in remarks for o
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Select the correct answer. REVIEW Q
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20. How is the 5appp group coded at
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32. Which of the following is a cor
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Exercise #2 Lower layer has ____ /8
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Exercise #4 Lower layer has ____/8t
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Exercise #6 Total sky coverage is _
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Exercise #8 Lower layer has ____/8t
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Exercise #10 Total sky coverage is
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Exercise #12 Total sky coverage is
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12. METAR KBBB 010052Z COR 19025G35
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32. METAR KVVV 282247Z VRB05 15SM S
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1. a. METAR b. SPECI APPENDIX A ANS
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1. a. 010 2. b. 270 c. 130 d. 090 e
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1. b. wind 2. a. “SM” at the en
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1. c. Light (), Moderate ( ), Heavy
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36. e mist g volcanic ash h haze a
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1. a. feet 2. b. VV, FEW, SCT, BKN,
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46. a. the whole sky including the
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1. c. sky condition 2. b. / 3. a. o
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1. c. inches of mercury 2. a. in al
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1. c. altimeter 2. b. RMK CHAPTER 8
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ANSWERS to OBSERVING and CODING EXE
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ANSWERS to QUALITY CONTROL EXERCISE
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30. METAR KTTT 301250Z 06009KT 1SM
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WET BULB TEMPERATURES 21 22 23 24 2
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D R Y B U L B T E M P S D R Y B U L
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WS Form B-11 (12-96) Pres. by WSOH
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APPENDIX D - ORDER OF OBSERVING ELE
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