Training Guide in Surface Weather Observations - Multiple Choices

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3.2.3 Surface and Tower Visibility Surface visibility and tower visibility differ only in the point of observation. Surface visibility is the prevailing visibility reported from the usual point of observation. At some locations, this point may even be the control tower. Tower visibility is the prevailing visibility taken from the control tower when there is another site from which the surface visibility is determined. One of the more difficult problems in reporting and recording visibility is that of surface and tower visibility. To clarify the procedures, let’s look at the recording procedures first and then the reporting procedures. Visibility at the usual point of observation (surface) is always reported in the observation and, therefore, is always recorded in column 7(a), MF1M-10. Record tower visibility in column 7(b) when it is less than 4 miles and differs from the surface visibility; also enter the higher visibility value (SFC or TWR) in column 14, Remarks. Do not make an entry in column 7(b) if tower visibility is equal to the surface visibility (see Figures 3-5 through 3-9). In the coded transmitted report, the lower visibility value is reported in the body and the higher visibility in the remarks section of all observations. Several examples follow: SUR- FACE VISIBILITY PRESENT WEATHER TOWER RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (Feet) Figure 3-5. Surface Visibility 2SM SKY CONDITION TEMP. (°C) 3-3 DEW POINT (°C) ALTIMETER SETTING (Ins.) REMARKS AND SUPPLEMENTAL CODED DATA (7a) (7b) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 2 Since the tower visibility is 4 statute miles or greater, no entry is required for tower visibility. 2SM would be reported in the body of the transmitted report.
SUR- FACE Figure 3-6. Surface Visibility 4SM and Tower Visibility 2SM. VISIBILITY PRESENT WEATHER TOWER RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (Feet) SKY CONDITION TEMP. (°C) Figure 3-7. Surface Visibility 2SM. 3-4 DEW POINT (°C) ALTIMETER SETTING (Ins.) REMARKS AND SUPPLEMENTAL CODED DATA (7a) (7b) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 4 2 SFC VIS 4 Since the tower visibility is less than 4 statute miles and less than the surface visibility, it is reported in the body of the transmitted report. The remarks section of the report would contain: RMK SFC VIS 4.
Page 1 and 2: Training Guide in Surface Weather O
Page 3: PREFACE METAR/SPECI is the internat
Page 6 and 7: CHAPTER 7 - PRESSURE ..............
Page 8 and 9: 1.2 Content and Format of the Manua
Page 10 and 11: 1.6 Report Modifier - COR An observ
Page 12 and 13: 1-6
Page 14 and 15: 12. A METAR observation contains se
Page 16 and 17: 25. At no time shall an observation
Page 18 and 19: 2.1.4 Estimated Winds Though winds
Page 20 and 21: 2-4
Page 22 and 23: Code the following wind situations
Page 24 and 25: 19. Which of the following wind par
Page 26 and 27: 3.1 Visibility 1 CHAPTER 3 VISIBILI
Page 30 and 31: SUR- FACE VISIBILITY PRESENT WEATHE
Page 32 and 33: 3.3 Visibility Chart As an aid for
Page 34 and 35: OUTLINE DETERMINING VISIBILITY From
Page 36 and 37: REVIEW QUESTIONS Select the best an
Page 38 and 39: 11. 12. At the time of observation,
Page 40 and 41: 23. Weather conditions being equal,
Page 42 and 43: 38. Visibility of 2 3/8 miles is re
Page 44 and 45: When more than one type of present
Page 46 and 47: 4.1.2 Descriptors Descriptors are q
Page 48 and 49: Obscurations that stand alone, i.e.
Page 50 and 51: Question: What does an observer do
Page 52 and 53: Footnotes for Weather Phenomena Mat
Page 54 and 55: 9. +FZRA a. Severe freezing rain b.
Page 56 and 57: 23. Volcanic ash is reported: a. wh
Page 58 and 59: 37. Match the following present wea
Page 60 and 61: 46. Which of the following precipit
Page 62 and 63: 59. Steady rain is observed 4 miles
Page 64 and 65: 72. Rain showers of an unknown inte
Page 66 and 67: 5.2 Sky Cover Figure 5-2. Weather O
Page 68 and 69: Example 5-2. One Layer with Single
Page 70 and 71: Figure 5-4. Advancing Layer (sky co
Page 72 and 73: 5-8
Page 74 and 75: Figure 5-10. Surface-base Layer Sur
Page 76 and 77: Example 5-5. Four Layers. The follo
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Example 5-8. One Layer. Example 5-9
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1 CU - Cumulus 1 Example 5-12. Mult
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layer aloft will be considered as m
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5. When a balloon is used for deter
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OUTLINE DETERMINING SKY COVER AMOUN
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Select the correct answer. REVIEW Q
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20. If a layer aloft has less than
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40. Match the following reportable
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6.1 Temperature and Dew Point - T
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6. Obtain the difference between th
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Other examples of determining wet-b
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The conversion from ice to water ca
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a. Read right end of index in minim
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Figure 6-8. Reading a Thermometer t
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TIME G LST G UTC (2) TEMP. (°C) DE
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Method II: Centrifugal Force A shor
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INSTRUCTIONS: Select the best answe
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16. Under what conditions is the de
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6-21 +130 129 128 127 126 +125 124
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6-23
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The altimeter setting shall be repo
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7-4
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7. Sea-level pressure is an adjustm
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2. Additive Data [NA SAWRS] 3- and
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8.2.2.2 24-Hour Precipitation Amoun
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When finished, put the emptied meas
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8.3.3.1 Depth of New Snow (Snowfall
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8-10
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10. A thunderstorm is overhead, mov
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26. A 6-hourly maximum temperature
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CHAPTER 9 REVIEW EXERCISES OBSERVIN
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Exercise #3 Lower layer has ____/8t
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Exercise #5 Surface based layer has
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Exercise #7 Total sky coverage is _
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Exercise #9 Lower layer has ____/8t
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Exercise #11 Total sky coverage is
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QUALITY CONTROL EXERCISE Each of th
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21. METAR KKKK 282045Z E29006KT 7SM
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42. METAR KFFF 302250Z 03008KT 40SM
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16. a. METAR 17. b. second 18. d. f
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11. - a change in wind direction of
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...unfocused lights of moderate int
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22. b precipitation occurring not a
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52. b. decreasing dominance. 53. b.
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24. 8 VV 25. 8 OVC 26. 7 BKN 27. as
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A-14
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A-16
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A-18
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18. 1200 UTC or other time modified
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9. Lower layer has 1 /8ths coverage
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16. METAR KFFF 312148Z 36005KT 1 1/
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43. METAR KGGG 052145Z 05009KT 4SM
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WET BULB TEMPERATURES 31 32 33 34 3
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WS Form B-11 (12-96) Pres. by WSOH
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C-3
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. If an altimeter setting indicator
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Training Guide in Surface Weather Observations - Multiple Choices

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