Training Guide in Surface Weather Observations - Multiple Choices

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7. Sea-level pressure is an adjustment to the station pressure to compensate for: a. density variations in the vertical column b. the effect of moisture on pressure c. temperature differences over the last 12-hours d. the difference in elevation between the station and sea-level 8. The 12-hour mean temperature used in the sea-level pressure adjustment is calculated from: a. the hourly temperatures for the last 12 hours b. the current ambient temperature and the ambient temperature 12 hours ago c. the high and low temperature for the day d. the high and low temperature during the last 12 hours 9. A pressure change remark (PRESRR or PRESFR) is reported if the pressure is rising or falling at a rate of at least inch per hour and the pressure change totals inch or more at the time of observation. 10. The character of a pressure change is based on the observed/recorded change in pressure over the past: a. hour b. 3 hours c. 6 hours d. 24 hours 11. Indicate the units used with each of the following pressure parameters: Altimeter Setting a. millibars Sea-Level Pressure b. hectopascals Station Pressure c. inches of mercury d. centimeters of mercury 12. The barograph correction should be entered in column 38 to the nearest: a. .001 b. .01 c. .005 d. .05 13. Station pressure shall be determined by adjusting the corrected barometric pressure to compensate for the difference between the height of the barometer and the: a. designated station elevation b. sea-level pressure c. altimeter setting d. none of the above 7-6
8.1 Remarks CHAPTER 8 REMARKS Remarks will be included in all METAR and SPECI reports, if appropriate. Remarks are made in accordance with the following: a. Where plain language is called for, authorized contractions, abbreviations, and symbols should be used. b. Time entries are to be made in minutes past the hour if the time reported occurs during the same hour the observation is taken. Hours and minutes (UTC) are used if the hour of the event is different. c. Present weather coded in the body of the report as VC may be further described, i.e., direction from the station, if known. Weather phenomena beyond 10 statute miles shall be coded as distant (DSNT), followed by the direction from the station. d. Movement of clouds or weather, if known, shall be coded with respect to the direction toward which the phenomenon is moving. e. For directions, use the eight points of the compass coded in a clockwise order. f. The following is the order of remarks: 1. Manual and Plain Language Remarks Volcanic Eruptions Funnel Cloud (Tornadic Activity) Peak Wind [NA SAWRS] 1 Wind Shift Tower or Surface Visibility Variable Prevailing Visibility Sector Visibility Lightning Precipitation Begin/End Times [NA SAWRS] 1 Thunderstorm Begin/End Times [NA SAWRS] 1 Thunderstorm Location Hailstone Size Virga 1 NA SAWRS = Not Applicable for SAWRS 8-1 Variable Ceiling Height Obscurations Variable Sky Condition Significant Cloud Types (CB, CBMAM, TCU, ACC, SCSL, ACSL, CCSL, ROTOR) Pressure Rising/Falling Rapidly [NA SAWRS] 1 Sea-Level Pressure [NA SAWRS] 1 Aircraft Mishap No SPECI Reports [NA SAWRS] 1 Snow Increasing Rapidly [NA SAWRS] 1 Other Significant Information
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Training Guide in Surface Weather O
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PREFACE METAR/SPECI is the internat
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CHAPTER 7 - PRESSURE ..............
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1.2 Content and Format of the Manua
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1.6 Report Modifier - COR An observ
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1-6
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12. A METAR observation contains se
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25. At no time shall an observation
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2.1.4 Estimated Winds Though winds
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2-4
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Code the following wind situations
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19. Which of the following wind par
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3.1 Visibility 1 CHAPTER 3 VISIBILI
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3.2.3 Surface and Tower Visibility
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SUR- FACE VISIBILITY PRESENT WEATHE
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3.3 Visibility Chart As an aid for
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OUTLINE DETERMINING VISIBILITY From
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REVIEW QUESTIONS Select the best an
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11. 12. At the time of observation,
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23. Weather conditions being equal,
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38. Visibility of 2 3/8 miles is re
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When more than one type of present
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4.1.2 Descriptors Descriptors are q
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Obscurations that stand alone, i.e.
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Question: What does an observer do
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Footnotes for Weather Phenomena Mat
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9. +FZRA a. Severe freezing rain b.
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23. Volcanic ash is reported: a. wh
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37. Match the following present wea
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46. Which of the following precipit
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59. Steady rain is observed 4 miles
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72. Rain showers of an unknown inte
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5.2 Sky Cover Figure 5-2. Weather O
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Example 5-2. One Layer with Single
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Figure 5-4. Advancing Layer (sky co
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Page 74 and 75: Figure 5-10. Surface-base Layer Sur
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Page 80 and 81: 1 CU - Cumulus 1 Example 5-12. Mult
Page 82 and 83: layer aloft will be considered as m
Page 84 and 85: 5. When a balloon is used for deter
Page 86 and 87: OUTLINE DETERMINING SKY COVER AMOUN
Page 88 and 89: Select the correct answer. REVIEW Q
Page 90 and 91: 20. If a layer aloft has less than
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Page 94 and 95: 6.1 Temperature and Dew Point - T
Page 96 and 97: 6. Obtain the difference between th
Page 98 and 99: Other examples of determining wet-b
Page 100 and 101: The conversion from ice to water ca
Page 102 and 103: a. Read right end of index in minim
Page 104 and 105: Figure 6-8. Reading a Thermometer t
Page 106 and 107: TIME G LST G UTC (2) TEMP. (°C) DE
Page 108 and 109: Method II: Centrifugal Force A shor
Page 110 and 111: INSTRUCTIONS: Select the best answe
Page 112 and 113: 16. Under what conditions is the de
Page 114 and 115: 6-21 +130 129 128 127 126 +125 124
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Page 130 and 131: 8.3.3.1 Depth of New Snow (Snowfall
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Page 138 and 139: CHAPTER 9 REVIEW EXERCISES OBSERVIN
Page 140 and 141: Exercise #3 Lower layer has ____/8t
Page 142 and 143: Exercise #5 Surface based layer has
Page 144 and 145: Exercise #7 Total sky coverage is _
Page 146 and 147: Exercise #9 Lower layer has ____/8t
Page 148 and 149: Exercise #11 Total sky coverage is
Page 150 and 151: QUALITY CONTROL EXERCISE Each of th
Page 152 and 153: 21. METAR KKKK 282045Z E29006KT 7SM
Page 154 and 155: 42. METAR KFFF 302250Z 03008KT 40SM
Page 156 and 157: 16. a. METAR 17. b. second 18. d. f
Page 158 and 159: 11. - a change in wind direction of
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Page 164 and 165: 52. b. decreasing dominance. 53. b.
Page 166 and 167: 24. 8 VV 25. 8 OVC 26. 7 BKN 27. as
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A-18
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18. 1200 UTC or other time modified
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9. Lower layer has 1 /8ths coverage
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16. METAR KFFF 312148Z 36005KT 1 1/
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43. METAR KGGG 052145Z 05009KT 4SM
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WET BULB TEMPERATURES 31 32 33 34 3
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WS Form B-11 (12-96) Pres. by WSOH
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C-3
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. If an altimeter setting indicator
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Training Guide in Surface Weather Observations - Multiple Choices

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