Training Guide in Surface Weather Observations - Multiple Choices

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Method II: Centrifugal Force A short, quick swing of your arm is often effective in forcing the index toward the bulb and reuniting segments of the alcohol column. Grasp the thermometer firmly by the edges of the metal back a little above the midpoint. Avoid pressure on the back. With your arm extended upward, quickly swing the thermometer downward through an arc of 3 or 4 feet, stopping the motion suddenly when the thermometer is vertical. Sometimes it will be necessary to repeat this operation several times. See Figure 6-12. Figure 6-12. Joining Alcohol Column - Centrifugal Force Method The thermometer can also be whirled on a short cord. Pass a strong cord through the hole in the top of the metal back of the thermometer. Firmly grasp the cord 6 to 8 inches from the thermometer and whirl it rapidly. Stand clear of all objects the thermometer might strike while whirling. It may take considerable practice to spin the thermometer rapidly and stop it safely. This method will often bring down an entrapped index and unite detached segments of the column. Make sure the cord is not cut by the thermometer back as it is whirled. 6.9 Maximum/Minimum Temperature System (MMTS) The MMTS measures the current temperature over a range from 55°F to +125°F and compares it to the highest and lowest values stored in the memory of a microcomputer. If the current temperature exceeds the previous hour’s lowest reading, it becomes the newest maximum or minimum temperature. 6.9.1 Initial Checkout of Instrument 6-15 Figure 6-13. MMTS Display Panel Showing “HELP” Important: Always turn the electronic display unit power switch off when not in use. With the power switch on and the unit unplugged, the battery supplying the emergency backup power will severly discharge, permanently damaging the system. a. Connect the instrument shelter to the display unit with the fabricated cable. b. Plug the AC power cord of the display unit into an AC outlet. c. Turn on the power switch located on the rear panel of the display unit. d. Allow one hour for the backup nickel cadmium battery to charge, then turn the display unit off and back on to reset it. e. Observe that the display shows the message “HELP.” This indicates the microcomputer is functioning properly. See Figure 6-13. f. Depress the button labeled “RESET.” The message “HELP” will be replaced by the current temperature, e.g., 65.6.
g. Press and hold the “MAX” and “MIN” buttons simultaneously to test the fluorescent display for missing segments. All segments that are not already illuminated will flash intermittently. h. The message “LO” or “HI” may appear indicating an open or shorted sensor or, less likely, a temperature colder than 55°F or hotter than +125°F. 6.9.2 Operation The current temperature is displayed if no buttons are pressed. Depress the “MAX” button to display the maximum temperature that occurred since the MMTS was last reset. Depress the “MIN” button to do the same for the minimum temperature. Simultaneously press the “RESET” and “MAX” buttons to reset the stored maximum temperature. Do the same with the “RESET” and “MIN” buttons to reset the minimum temperature. Do not reset the maximum or minimum temperature between the scheduled times of observation. Resetting at unscheduled times is the most frequent cause of errors. Record the maximum and minimum temperatures to the tenth of degrees Celsius even though the readings are displayed to the nearest tenth degree Fahrenheit. 6.9.3 “HELP” and Blinking Displays If the “HELP” message appears on the display, press the “RESET” button to clear it and to show the current temperature. “HELP” indicates that an interruption to the A.C. line voltage has occurred. The microcomputer enters a “power down” condition in which the internal backup battery is used to preserve the maximum and minimum values stored in memory. These values are stored up to two hours without power. However, no updating of new maximum and minimum temperatures occurs during or after the power interruption until the “RESET” button has been pressed. 6-16
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Training Guide in Surface Weather O
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PREFACE METAR/SPECI is the internat
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CHAPTER 7 - PRESSURE ..............
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1.2 Content and Format of the Manua
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1.6 Report Modifier - COR An observ
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1-6
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12. A METAR observation contains se
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25. At no time shall an observation
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2.1.4 Estimated Winds Though winds
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2-4
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Code the following wind situations
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19. Which of the following wind par
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3.1 Visibility 1 CHAPTER 3 VISIBILI
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3.2.3 Surface and Tower Visibility
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SUR- FACE VISIBILITY PRESENT WEATHE
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3.3 Visibility Chart As an aid for
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OUTLINE DETERMINING VISIBILITY From
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REVIEW QUESTIONS Select the best an
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11. 12. At the time of observation,
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23. Weather conditions being equal,
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38. Visibility of 2 3/8 miles is re
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When more than one type of present
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4.1.2 Descriptors Descriptors are q
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Obscurations that stand alone, i.e.
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Question: What does an observer do
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Footnotes for Weather Phenomena Mat
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9. +FZRA a. Severe freezing rain b.
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23. Volcanic ash is reported: a. wh
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Page 66 and 67: 5.2 Sky Cover Figure 5-2. Weather O
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Page 70 and 71: Figure 5-4. Advancing Layer (sky co
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Page 82 and 83: layer aloft will be considered as m
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Page 86 and 87: OUTLINE DETERMINING SKY COVER AMOUN
Page 88 and 89: Select the correct answer. REVIEW Q
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Page 94 and 95: 6.1 Temperature and Dew Point - T
Page 96 and 97: 6. Obtain the difference between th
Page 98 and 99: Other examples of determining wet-b
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Page 102 and 103: a. Read right end of index in minim
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Page 106 and 107: TIME G LST G UTC (2) TEMP. (°C) DE
Page 110 and 111: INSTRUCTIONS: Select the best answe
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Page 138 and 139: CHAPTER 9 REVIEW EXERCISES OBSERVIN
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Page 144 and 145: Exercise #7 Total sky coverage is _
Page 146 and 147: Exercise #9 Lower layer has ____/8t
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Page 150 and 151: QUALITY CONTROL EXERCISE Each of th
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11. - a change in wind direction of
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...unfocused lights of moderate int
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22. b precipitation occurring not a
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52. b. decreasing dominance. 53. b.
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24. 8 VV 25. 8 OVC 26. 7 BKN 27. as
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A-14
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A-16
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A-18
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18. 1200 UTC or other time modified
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9. Lower layer has 1 /8ths coverage
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16. METAR KFFF 312148Z 36005KT 1 1/
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43. METAR KGGG 052145Z 05009KT 4SM
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WET BULB TEMPERATURES 31 32 33 34 3
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WS Form B-11 (12-96) Pres. by WSOH
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C-3
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. If an altimeter setting indicator
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Training Guide in Surface Weather Observations - Multiple Choices

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